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Speech-To-Text Interpreting in Finland, Sweden and Austria Norberg
https://helda.helsinki.fi Speech-to-text interpreting in Finland, Sweden and Austria Norberg, Ulf 2015 Norberg , U , Stachl-Peier , U & Tiittula , L 2015 , ' Speech-to-text interpreting in Finland, Sweden and Austria ' , Translation & Interpreting , vol. 7 , no. 3 , pp. 36-49 . https://doi.org/10.12807/ti.107203.2015.a03 http://hdl.handle.net/10138/162021 https://doi.org/10.12807/ti.107203.2015.a03 Downloaded from Helda, University of Helsinki institutional repository. This is an electronic reprint of the original article. This reprint may differ from the original in pagination and typographic detail. Please cite the original version. Speech-to-text interpreting in Finland, Sweden and Austria The International Journal for Translation & Interpreting Research Ulf Norberg trans-int.org Stockholm University, Sweden [email protected] Ursula Stachl-Peier University of Graz, Austria [email protected] Liisa Tiittula University of Helsinki, Finland [email protected] DOI: 10.12807/ti.107203.2015.a03 Abstract: Speech-to-text (STT) interpreting is a type of intralingual interpreting mostly used by late deafened and hearing impaired persons who have a spoken language as their first language. In Finland, Sweden and Austria the speech-to-text transfer is performed in real-time by interpreters using a (specially adapted or standard) keyboard that is connected to a screen. As a result of different legislative frameworks governing services for the disabled, STT interpreting has developed differently in different countries and so far there has been little international cooperation. STT interpreting has also been largely ignored by Translation and Interpreting Studies. This paper examines the situation in Finland and Sweden, where STT interpreting training programmes have been available since the 1980s, and Austria, where the first training programme started in 2010, and investigates the norms, values and expectations that guide STT interpreters’ practice in the three countries. -
Using Action-Level Metrics to Report the Performance of Multi-Step Keyboards
Using Action-Level Metrics to Report the Performance of Multi-Step Keyboards Gulnar Rakhmetulla* Ahmed Sabbir Arif† Steven J. Castellucci‡ Human-Computer Interaction Group Human-Computer Interaction Group Independent Researcher University of California, Merced University of California, Merced Toronto I. Scott MacKenzie§ Caitlyn E. Seim¶ Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Mechanical Engineering York University Stanford University Table 1: Conventional error rate (ER) and action-level unit error rate ABSTRACT (UnitER) for a constructive method (Morse code). This table illustrates Computer users commonly use multi-step text entry methods on the phenomenon of using Morse code to enter “quickly” with one handheld devices and as alternative input methods for accessibility. character error (“l”) in each attempt. ER is 14.28% for each attempt. These methods are also commonly used to enter text in languages One of our proposed action-level metrics, UnitER, gives a deeper with large alphabets or complex writing systems. These methods insight by accounting for the entered input sequence. It yields an error require performing multiple actions simultaneously (chorded) or rate of 7.14% for the first attempt (with two erroneous dashes), and in a specific sequence (constructive) to produce input. However, an improved error rate of 3.57% for the second attempt (with only evaluating these methods is difficult since traditional performance one erroneous dash). The action-level metric shows that learning has metrics were designed explicitly for non-ambiguous, uni-step meth- occurred with a minor improvement in error rate, but this phenomenon ods (e.g., QWERTY). They fail to capture the actual performance of is omitted in the ER metric, which is the same for both attempts. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2002/0150416A1 Vandruff (43) Pub
US 2002O150416A1 '(19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2002/0150416A1 VanDruff (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 17, 2002 (54) MODAL COMPUTER KEYBOARD (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 400/103 STENOGRAPHY EMULATION APPARATUS AND METHOD (76) Inventor: Dean VanDruff, Dallas, TX (US) (57) ABSTRACT Correspondence Address: DEAN VANDRUFF An apparatus and method to change the mode of computer 1422O PIKE ROAD SARATOGA, CA 95070 (US) keyboard use from alpha-numeric language orientation to become a Stenotype keyboard where the keys change mean (21) Appl. No.: 09/832,915 ing for this purpose is provided. The present invention is unique in that it uses a Standard computer keyboard without (22) Filed: Apr. 11, 2001 requiring mechanical changes or modifications. The appa Publication Classification ratus and method thus provide the ability to Stenotype on any qualified Standard or future keyboard as long as appropriate (51) Int. Cl." .................................. B41J 5/12; B41J 5/08 Software is installed on the computer. 220 SEWSNG MECHAWS 230 200 KEYBOARD INTERFACE 250 CATSOFTWARE OR WORD PROCESSOR Patent Application Publication Oct. 17, 2002 Sheet 1 of 2 US 2002/0150416A1 FIG. A 202 208 204 216 HOSTIPCI MAIN AUDIO B 206 210 214 218 219 - - - - - - - - - - - A232 LAN EXPANSION BUS GRAPHICS AUDIO/WIDEO HOSTBUSADAPER n 220 222 224 1/ !----Y---------- 200 FIG. 1B 20 220 ACTUATABLE SEWSNG MECHANISM KEYBOARD FIG 2 INTERFACE 250 PROCESSOR CATSOFTWAREPREESSR OR Patent Application Publication Oct. 17, 2002 Sheet 2 of 2 US 2002/0150416A1 UMBER BAR 1 2 3 4 6 7, 8 9 PPER BANK Swest." W 5 0 g WO WEL BANK FIG. -
11279 Keyboard Comparison
11279 Keyboard Comparison After spending several weeks typing using the right-handed Dvorak keyboard layout, the coach (in- troduced in the previous problem) started to wonder if it really is any better. He decided to devise a method to verify this. The coach would like to compare typing on the right-handed Dvorak keyboard against using a QWERTY keyboard with two hands and with one hand. A crude, but effective way to compare keyboard layouts is to measure the total distance the typing fingers must travel in order to type a certain passage of text. Can you write a program to help the coach perform this experiment? The distance travelled by a finger will be measured from the centre of its home key to the centreof the target key and back. In order to simplify the computations, we pretend that every key is a perfect square with unit length sides, and that all keys are laid out on a perfect grid (even though in reality they are usually staggered). The diagrams below show the straightened keyboards; see the previous problem for shift-modified diagrams. The QWERTY and right!handed Dvorak keyboard layouts arranged on perfect grids. On the QWERTY keyboard, the home keys are “ASDFJKL;” for two hands and “FGHJ” for one hand. On the Dvorak keyboard, the home keys are “EHTD”. A key is always struck by the finger from the nearest home key. For example, the distances for ‘S’ would be 0, 4, and 2 for the two-hand QWERTY, one-hand QWERTY, and Dvorak keyboards, respectively. Likewise, the distances for ‘C’ would be 2, 2.828427…, and 2, respectively. -
Io2 Report: Lta Curriculum Design
http://www.ltaproject.eu/ Project Ref: 2018-1-DE01-KA203-004218: LTA Quality Training in real time subtitling across EU and EU languages IO2 REPORT: LTA CURRICULUM DESIGN Grant Agreement nº: 2018-1-DE01-KA203-00 Project acronym: LTA Project title: Quality Training in real-time subtitling across EU and EU languages Funding Scheme: Erasmus + Project Duration: 01/09/2018-31/08/2021 (36 months) Manager: Sprachen-und Dolmetscher-Institut München Beneficiaries: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Scuola Superiore per Mediatori Linguistici -Pisa ECQA Velotype SUB-TI Access European Federation of Hard of Hearing People ZDF Digital This project is supported by funding from the European Union. http://www.ltaproject.eu/ Project Ref: 2018-1-DE01-KA203-004218: LTA Quality Training in real time subtitling across EU and EU languages Dissemination level Abbreviation Level X PU Public X PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium History Chart Issue Date Changed page(s) Cause of change Implemented by 1.00 09-08-2019 First draft SSML 2.00 30-09-2019 several Partners’ input SSML, All 3.00 28-10-2019 several Input by Advisory SSML Board Validation No. Action Beneficiary Date 1 Prepared SSML 09-08-2019 2 Approved All partners 15-09-2019 3 Approved Advisory board members 10-10-2019 4 Released SDI 30-10-2019 Disclaimer: The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Company or product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. -
Alphasmart Manager 2
AlphaSmart Manager 2 User’s Guide AlphaSmart Sales and Technical Support For AlphaSmart sales and technical support contact information, see page 81 or visit the AlphaSmart web site at www.alphasmart.com (United States) www.alphasmart.co.uk (United Kingdom) www.alphasmart.com/international (all other countries) Nothing in this manual may be reproduced in any manner, either wholly or in part, for any purpose whatsoever without written permission from AlphaSmart, Inc. © 2004, AlphaSmart, Inc. All rights reserved. AlphaSmart and SmartApplet are registered trademarks, and AlphaWord is a trademark of AlphaSmart, Inc. Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Contents Chapter 1 Introduction ....................................................................................1 System requirements........................................................................... 2 AlphaHub considerations ............................................................ 2 Upgrading from AlphaSmart Manager 1.0 ......................................... 3 Installing AlphaSmart Manager.......................................................... 4 Chapter 2 Basics .............................................................................................7 Using AlphaSmart Manager in group settings .................................. 7 Starting AlphaSmart Manager ............................................................ 9 Moving around in AlphaSmart Manager......................................... -
The Dvorak Keyboard Layout and Possibilities of Its Regional Adaptation
373 The Dvorak Keyboard Layout and Possibilities of its Regional Adaptation Tomislav NakiC-AlfireviC, Marijan Durek Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb tomisluv.nakic-alfirevic@,kr. hr: marl:ian.diurek@,fer. hr Abstract. During the last several decades, the 2. The Dvorak layout keyboard has proved to be the most important The Dvorak layout was constructed to computer input device. It was inherited @om the [1][2][3][4] be the optimal layout where "optimal" simply means mechanical typewriter from whom computer "fastest". There are a number of factors that have keyboards inherited a suboptimal key layout. Better some impact on typing speed and comfort: letter solutions have been kept out use by economic of frequencies, key reachability, human hand anatomy, pressure. An arguably optimal layout for the certain regularities found in any text in any English language is the Dvorak layout. This article language, and one or two others. discusses the possibility of applying the same guidelines and ideas that shaped the Dvorak layout on keyboards used in other languages. Some of the questions answered are how good the Dvorak layout is in EngIish. how good is it in other languages and how a language specific version would look like. Keywords. Dvorak, layout, keyboard, left handed, right handed, frequency, regional, national, language Obviously, not all letters occur with the same frequency: vowels are a good example of very 1. Introduction frequent letters. Knowing that it takes a certain amount of time to reach any key on the keyboard A machine with a complicated system of levers and and knowing that some keys can be reached faster weights called the typewriter was invented around than others an optimization problem arises: how 1870. -
Using Action-Level Metrics to Report the Performance of Multi-Step Keyboards
Using Action-Level Metrics to Report the Performance of Multi-Step Keyboards Gulnar Rakhmetulla* Ahmed Sabbir Arif† Steven J. Castellucci‡ Human-Computer Interaction Group Human-Computer Interaction Group Independent Researcher University of California, Merced University of California, Merced Toronto I. Scott MacKenzie§ Caitlyn E. Seim¶ Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Mechanical Engineering York University Stanford University Table 1: Conventional error rate (ER) and action-level unit error rate ABSTRACT (UnitER) for a constructive method (Morse code). This table illustrates Computer users commonly use multi-step text entry methods on the phenomenon of using Morse code to enter “quickly” with one handheld devices and as alternative input methods for accessibility. character error (“l”) in each attempt. ER is 14.28% for each attempt. These methods are also commonly used to enter text in languages One of our proposed action-level metrics, UnitER, gives a deeper with large alphabets or complex writing systems. These methods insight by accounting for the entered input sequence. It yields an error require performing multiple actions simultaneously (chorded) or rate of 7.14% for the first attempt (with two erroneous dashes), and in a specific sequence (constructive) to produce input. However, an improved error rate of 3.57% for the second attempt (with only evaluating these methods is difficult since traditional performance one erroneous dash). The action-level metric shows that learning has metrics were designed explicitly for non-ambiguous, uni-step meth- occurred with a minor improvement in error rate, but this phenomenon ods (e.g., QWERTY). They fail to capture the actual performance of is omitted in the ER metric, which is the same for both attempts. -
Thorough Software Layout Machine Analysis
Thorough Software Layout Machine Analysis Kristian Tichota March 10, 2021 0.1 Abstract This analysis investigates some claims about typing ergonomics using three large corpora of varying language complexities and SteveP's fork of the Patorjk analyzer. It ranks the software layouts by the scores assigned by the analyzer. It concludes that for the layouts tested, variations in language complexity have no significant impact on typing ergonomics on Ergodox keyboards while a higher language complexity results in significantly higher scores on ANSI keyboards. Even when punctu- ation is present, all of the tested alternative layouts score significantly higher than QWERTY. All layouts tested score significantly higher on Ergodox than ANSI keyboards. According to the test method, Colemak-DH and MTGAP score the highest on ANSI and Ergodox keyboards. 1 0.2 Introduction There have been many attempts to create alternative software layouts to improve upon QWERTY, the two most notable of which are Dvorak [1] and Colemak [2]. The majority of popular layouts are based on Colemak and/or Dvorak. Despite the growing number of claims regarding typing ergonomics, such as Workman's claim that same finger utilization does not influence ergonomics [3], or that ergonomic keyboards do not influence ergonomics [4], there has not been enough scientific research [5] and the bulk of machine analysis has not been sufficiently thorough. The goal of this analysis is to thoroughly investigate some of those claims while avoiding pitfalls such as inadequate sample size, inaccurate analyzer, poor interpretation of results, and bias. 0.2.1 Primary claims to be investigated: 1. Alternative layouts are only good for common English 2. -
Design and Evaluation of User-Friendly Yet Efficient Sinhala Input Methods
Title Design and Evaluation of User-friendly yet Efficient Sinhala Input Methods Author(s) Sandeva, Goonetilleke Citation Issue Date Text Version ETD URL http://hdl.handle.net/11094/964 DOI rights Note Osaka University Knowledge Archive : OUKA https://ir.library.osaka-u.ac.jp/ Osaka University Design and Evaluation of User-friendly yet Efficient Sinhala Input Methods Submitted to Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Osaka University January 2009 Sandeva GOONETILLEKE i LIST OF PUBLICATIONS I. Journal paper [1] Sandeva Goonetilleke, Yoshihiko Hayashi, Yuichi Itoh, and Fumio Kishino: \SriShell Primo: A User-friendly yet Efficient Sinhala Text Input System," Journal of Natural Language Processing, (accepted for publication). [2] Sandeva Goonetilleke, Yoshihiko Hayashi, Yuichi Itoh, and Fumio Kishino: \An Efficient and User-friendly Sinhala Input Method Based on Phonetic Transcription," Journal of Natural Language Processing, Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 147{166, October 2007. II. International conference proceedings [1] Sandeva Goonetilleke, Yoshihiko Hayashi, Yuichi Itoh, and Fumio Kishino: \SriShell Primo: A Predictive Sinhala Text Input System," in Proceedings of the IJCNLP-08 Workshop on NLP for Less Privileged Languages, pp. 43{50, Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing, Hyderabad, India, January 2008. III. Local conference proceedings [1] Sandeva Goonetilleke, Yoshihiko Hayashi, Yuichi Itoh, and Fumio Kishino: \An Efficient and User-friendly Sinhala Input Method Based on Phonetic Transcription," in IPSJ SIG Technical Reports, Vol. 2006, No. 124, pp. 101{106, November 2006. [2] Ryoichi Watanabe, Sandeva Goonetilleke, Yuichi Itoh, Yoshifumi Kitamura, Fu- mio Kishino, and Hideo Kikuchi: \Enhancement of Real-time Performance and Autonomic Movement of Cubes on Active-Cube," in Technical report of IEICE. -
Extended Bangla Keyboard
SUST Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 21, No. 1, 2014; P: 47-56 Extended Bangla Keyboard (Submitted: August 28, 2010; Accepted for Publication: January 21, 2014) M. R. Selim Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Bangladesh E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Bangla language has a big size character set. To fit all the characters within the existing keyboards, all the Bangla fixed keyboard layouts use several typing layers. Since using characters of a non-default typing layer requires pressing an extra key, it slows down the overall typing speed significantly. In this paper, to reduce the effect of multilayer typing, we propose to add some extra keys in the keyboards used by the Bangla language users. We show quantitatively the efficiency improvement of using such extended keyboards using various metrics. The metrics make use of the character frequency statistics derived from a corpus consisting of more than 250 million Bangla words. Our analysis shows that it is possible to save more than 8% keystrokes and 20% typing time and finger movements by adding only 6 extra keys in the currently used Bijoy keyboard. Keywords: Keyboard layout, Keystrokes, Typing time, Finger travelling distance, Bangla input method, Visual layout, Mechanical layout. 1. Introduction Most of the languages in the world including English have small size alphabets. On the other hand size of the Bangla alphabet is relatively big. About 300 unique characters are used in Bangla language [1]. Among them 39 consonants and 11 vowels are in graphic form. Besides, it has 3 (mostly used) consonants (য-ফলা, র-ফলা, েরফ) and 10 vowels in allographic (called কা’র) form [1]. -
Analysis of Alternative Keyboards Using Learning Curves Allison M
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital Repository @ Iowa State University Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering Publications 2009 Analysis of Alternative Keyboards Using Learning Curves Allison M. Anderson North Carolina State University Gary Mirka Iowa State University, [email protected] Sharon M.B. Jones North Carolina State University David B. Kaber North Carolina State University Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/imse_pubs Part of the Ergonomics Commons, Industrial Engineering Commons, and the Systems Engineering Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ imse_pubs/159. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Analysis of Alternative Keyboards using Learning Curves Allison M. Anderson, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, Gary A. Mirka, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, and Sharon M. B. Joines and David B. Kaber, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina ABSTRACT Objective: Quantify learning percentages for alternative keyboards (chord, contoured split, Dvorak, and split fixed-angle) and understand how physical, cognitive, and perceptual demand affect learning. Background: Alternative keyboards have been shown to offer ergonomic benefits over the conventional, single-plane QWERTY keyboard design, but productivity-related challenges may hinder their widespread acceptance.