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ANALISIS KOMUNITAS BAKTERI TANAH SULFAT MASAM DARI DUA TIPE LAHAN RAWA DI KALIMANTAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)

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ANALISIS KOMUNITAS BAKTERI TANAH SULFAT MASAM DARI DUA TIPE LAHAN RAWA DI KALIMANTAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) ANALISIS KOMUNITAS BAKTERI TANAH SULFAT MASAM DARI DUA TIPE LAHAN RAWA DI KALIMANTAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) EVA MOULIA PROGRAM STUDI BIOLOGI FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2019 M / 1441 H ANALISIS KOMUNITAS BAKTERI TANAH SULFAT MASAM DARI DUA TIPE LAHAN RAWA DI KALIMANTAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) SKRIPSI Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sains Pada Program Studi Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta EVA MOULIA 11150950000052 PROGRAM STUDI BIOLOGI FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2019 M / 1441 H ii ABSTRAK Eva Moulia. Analisis Komunitas Bakteri Tanah Sulfat Masam dari Dua Tipe Lahan Rawa di Kalimantan dengan Pendekatan Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Skripsi. Program Studi Biologi. Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi. Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2019. Dibimbing oleh Dr. Nani Radiastuti, M.Si dan Dr. Dwi Ningsih Susilowati, S.TP, M.Si. Lahan sulfat masam merupakan salah satu sumberdaya lahan yang dapat dikembangkan menjadi lahan pertanian. Namun, perlu didukung oleh perbaikan teknologi dan pemanfaatan bakteri di dalamnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menginvestigasi keanekaragaman bakteri tanah pada dua tipe tanah sulfat masam di Kalimantan sebagai informasi awal untuk mengoptimalkan peran mikroba dalam produktivitas tanah dan tanaman di lahan sulfat masam di masa mendatang. Komunitas bakteri lahan sulfat masam potensial tipe B di Kalimantan Selatan (SKB) dan aktual tipe C di Kalimantan Tengah (CKB) pada penelitian ini diamati dengan teknik Next Generation Sequencing. Identifikasi menggunakan analisis FLASH (V1.2.7) dan QIIME (V1.7.0). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar komunitas bakteri tanah pada tanah sulfat masam potensial Kalimantan Selatan (SKB) sangat mirip dengan komunitas bakteri yang ada di tanah sulfat masam aktual di Kalimantan Tengah (CKB). Jumlah Unit Taksonomi Operasional (OTU) tanah sulfat masam potential (SKB) lebih tinggi dibanding tanah sulfat masam aktual (CKB) yaitu 1677 OTU berbanding 1317 OTU. Filum dari komunitas bakteri tanah sulfat masam potensial (SKB) sebanyak 11 filum dan komunitas bakteri tanah sulfat masam aktual (CKB) sebanyak 10 filum. Filum yang mendominasi di kedua tipe tanah sulfat masam tersebut di antaranya adalah Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, dan Actinobacteria. Perbandingan sifat kimia tanah dan Total Plate Count berdasarkan analisis laboratorium menunjukkan tanah sulfat masam potensial Kalimantan Selatan memiliki tingkat kesuburan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan tanah sulfat masam aktual Kalimantan Tengah yang kemungkinan mempengaruhi keanekaragaman bakteri tanah yang ada di kedua tipe tanah sulfat masam tersebut. Kata kunci: Bakteri tanah; Next Generation Sequencing; Tanah sulfat masam; Unit Taksonomi Operational vi ABTRACT Eva Moulia. Analysis of Acid Sulfate Soil Bacteria Communities from Two Types of Swamp Land in Kalimantan with the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Approach. Undergraduete Thesis. Departement of Biology. Faculty of Science and Technology. State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2019. Advised by Dr. Nani Radiastuti, M.Si and Dr. Dwi Ningsih Susilowati, S.TP, M.Si. Acid sulfate land is one of the land resources that can be developed into agricultural land. However, it needs to be supported by technological improvements and the use of microorganisms. This research was conducted to investigate the diversity of soil bacteria in two types of acid sulfate soils in Kalimantan as preliminary information to optimize the role of microbes in increasing soil and plant productivity in acid sulfate land in the future. Acid sulfate land bacterial communities in South Kalimantan (potential type B) and Central Kalimantan (actual type C) in this study were discussed with Next Generation Sequencing techniques. Identification using FLASH (V1.2.7) and QIIME (V1.7.0) analysis. The results of this study indicate that most of the soil bacterial communities in South Kalimantan potential acid sulfate soils (SKB) are similar to the bacterial communities that exist in actual acid sulfate soils in Central Kalimantan (CKB). The number of Operational Taxonomy Units (OTU) potentials for SKB acid sulfate soils is higher than the actual CKB acid sulfate soils, which are 1677 OTU compared to 1317 OTU. Phylum of potential sulfate soil bacterial community SKB was 11 phylum and the actual CKB sulfate soil bacterial community was 10 phylum. Domination phylum in the two acid sulfate soils mentioned are Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Comparison of soil chemical properties and plate counts based on laboratory analysis shows South Kalimantan's potential acid sulfate soils have a better fecundity rate than Central Kalimantan's actual acid sulfate soils that enhance the compatibility of soil bacteria present in such acid sulfate soils Keywords: Acid sulfate soil; Next Generation Sequencing; Operational Taxonomy Unit; Soil bacteria vii KATA PENGANTAR Segala puji bagi Allah azza wa jalla penulis ucapkan, karena berkat izin- Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan proposal penelitian yang berjudul “Analisis Komunitas Bakteri Tanah Sulfat Masam Dari Dua Tipe Lahan Rawa Di Kalimantan dengan Pendekatan Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)” dalam rangka Tugas Akhir sebagai syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sains pada Program Studi Biologi di Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Penulis ingin mengucapkan terima kasih karena adanya dukungan dari banyak pihak terkait dalam penulisan proposal ini, untuk itu penulis berterimakasih kepada : 1. Prof. Dr. Lily Surayya Eka Putri, M. Env. Stud. selaku Dekan Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2. Dr. Priyanti, M. Si. selaku Ketua Program Studi Biologi, beserta jajarannya yang telah memberi izin penelitian. 3. Dr. Nani Radiastuti, M. Si dan Dr. Dwi Ningsih Susilowati, S.TP., M.Si selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah memberikan ilmu, nasihat dan saran yang membangun kepada penulis. 4. Dr. Megga Ratnasari Pikoli, M.Si dan Agustina Senjayani, M.Si selaku dosen penguji seminar proposal serta seminar hasil atas kesedian dalam memberikan arahan serta saran yang bermanfaat untuk skripsi yang lebih baik. 5. Dr. Agus Salim, M.Si dan Narti Fitriana, M.Si selaku dosen penguji sidang Munaqosyah yang telah memberikan arahan serta saran yang membangun dalam penulisan skripsi. 6. Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian (BB Biogen) atas kesedian dalam memberikan kesempatan, dan fasilitas pengerjaan penelitian. 7. Kedua orang tua Bapak Holid Halim dan Ibu Laela Bandarela, serta kedua kakak yakni Harts Muhasibi dan Lailatul Hikmah yang selalu memberikan dukungan baik berupa moril maupun materil. viii 8. Bapak Jajang dan Ibu Aminah selaku keluarga BB-Biogen yang telah membantu selama proses penelitian. 9. Teman-teman seperjuangan Luftiara, Shabrina, Nurlaili, Adel, Ratna, Dara, Yulis, Maul, Lida, Nabila, dan Rafaliq silahudi yang telah memberi support kepada penulis selama penelitian. 10. Seluruh pihak yang terlibat dalam penulisan skripsi ini yang tidak dapat satu per satu. Jakarta, November 2019 Penulis ix DAFTAR ISI Halaman ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................................... vi ABTRACT ........................................................................................................................ vii KATA PENGANTAR.......................................................................................................viii DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................................... x DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................................. xii DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................................xiii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................................... xiv BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Hipotesis ............................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Tujuan ................................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Manfaat ................................................................................................................. 3 1.6 Kerangka Berfikir.................................................................................................. 4 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Potensi dan Karakteristik Lahan Rawa di Kalimantan ............................................ 5 2.2 Tanah Sulfat Masam .............................................................................................. 7 2.3 Bakteri Tanah ........................................................................................................ 8 2.4 Metode Identifikasi Komunitas Mikroba ................................................................ 9 2.5 Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) ...................................................................
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