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Download (169Kb) International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2001), 51, 1863–1866 Printed in Great Britain Transfer of Rhodopseudomonas acidophila to NOTE the new genus Rhodoblastus as Rhodoblastus acidophilus gen. nov., comb. nov. Marine Mikrobiologie, Johannes F. Imhoff Institut fu$ r Meereskunde, Du$ sternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany Tel: j49 431 600 4450. Fax: j49 431 565 876. e-mail: jimhoff!ifm.uni-kiel.de Rhodopseudomonas acidophila has unique properties among the phototrophic α-Proteobacteria and is quite distinct from the type species of Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Therefore, the transfer of Rhodopseudomonas acidophila to Rhodoblastus acidophilus gen. nov., comb. nov., is proposed. This proposal is in accordance with other taxonomic reclassifications proposed previously and fully reflects the phylogenetic distance from Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Keywords: phototrophic purple bacteria, Rhodopseudomonas, new combination, Rhodoblastus The great diversity of purple non-sulfur bacteria is coloured and bacteriochlorophyll b-containing species reflected not only in their morphological properties were transferred to the genus Blastochloris (Hiraishi, such as cell form, type of flagellation, internal mem- 1997), Rhodopseudomonas marina was transferred to brane structures and their physiological functions. It is Rhodobium marinum (Hiraishi et al., 1995) and Rhodo- substantiated by great variation in systematically pseudomonas rosea was transferred to Rhodoplanes important molecular structures such as the cytochrome roseus (Hiraishi & Ueda, 1994b). c type structure and the composition of fatty acids and Rhodopseudomonas acidophila quinones (see Pfennig & Tru$ per, 1974; Imhoff & has properties that are Tru$ per, 1989; Imhoff & Bias-Imhoff, 1995). Analysis unique among all of these species (Table 1) and is quite of 16S rDNA sequences demonstrated that some distinct from the type species of this genus, Rhodo- species of the purple non-sulfur bacteria belong to the pseudomonas palustris. In contrast to Rhodo- β-Proteobacteria and that the majority belong to the α- pseudomonas palustris, sulfate is assimilated by Rhodo- Proteobacteria (Gibson et al., 1979; Kawasaki et al., pseudomonas acidophila via adenosine 5h-phospho- 1993; Imhoff & Tru$ per, 1989). Within both subclasses sulfate (Imhoff, 1982), a small-sized, soluble cyto- of the Proteobacteria, the phototrophic bacteria were chrome c# is present (Dickerson, 1980), menaquinones phylogenetically closely related to non-phototrophic, and rhodoquinones are found in addition to purely chemotrophic bacteria. This is also true for ubiquinones and significantly different fatty acids species formerly recognized as Rhodopseudomonas occur (Table 1; see Imhoff & Bias-Imhoff, 1995). species (Pfennig & Tru$ per, 1974), which at that time Furthermore, the lipid A structure is quite different included all rod-shaped, purple non-sulfur bacteria from that of Rhodopseudomonas palustris in having (Woese et al., 1984). only a short chain of sugars and glucosamine as the amino sugar of the backbone instead of 2,3- The recognition of the great diversity within the purple diamino-2,3-dideoxy--glucose (see Weckesser et al., non-sulfur bacteria and also within the genus Rhodo- 1995). DNA–DNA hybridization between Rhodo- pseudomonas led to a number of taxonomic rearrange- pseudomonas palustris and Rhodopseudomonas acido- ments. First of all, the species with vesicular internal phila is less than 15% (Ivanova et al., 1988). The 16S membrane systems were removed from the genus and rDNA sequence of Rhodopseudomonas acidophila is transferred to the genera Rhodobacter and Rhodopila quite different from that of Rhodopseudomonas (Imhoff et al., 1984). Also, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, at least at a level that distinguishes between gelatinosa was transferred to Rhodocyclus gelatinosus Rhodopseudomonas palustris and species of Rhodo- (Imhoff et al., 1984) and later to Rubrivivax gelatinosus planes and Blastochloris and Nitrobacter winogradskyi. (Willems et al., 1991). Later, the marine species of the Finally, Rhodopseudomonas acidophila, in contrast to genus Rhodobacter were transferred to the new genus Rhodopseudomonas palustris, is specifically adapted to Rhodovulum (Hiraishi & Ueda, 1994a), the green- acidic aquatic environments (Pfennig, 1969). 01935 # 2001 IUMS 1863 Downloaded from www.microbiologyresearch.org by IP: 134.245.215.185 On: Wed, 24 May 2017 10:25:54 1864 J. F. Imhoff Table 1. Differential characteristics of Rhodoblastus acidophilus, Rhodopseudomonas palustris and representatives of other α-2 phototrophic purple non-sulfur bacteria ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Taxa are identified as: 1, Rhodoblastus acidophilus;2,Rhodopseudomonas palustris;3,Rhodobium orientis;4,Rhodobium marinum;5,Rhodoplanes roseus;6,Rhodoplanes elegans;7,Blastochloris viridis;8,Blastochloris sulfoviridis. j, Positive in most strains; k, negative in most strains; j\k, variable in different strains; (j), weak growth or microaerobic growth only, rosette formation observed only rarely. Abbreviations: p-ABA, p-aminobenzoic acid; TS, thiosulfate; (biotin), biotin is required by some strains; Q-10, ubiquinone 10; MK-10, menaquinones 10; RQ-10, rhodoquinone 10; Bd, buoyant density; , chemical analysis; tr, trace; , not determined. Characteristic 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Cell diameter (µm) 1n0–1n30n6–0n90n7–0n90n7–0n91n00n8–1n00n6–0n90n5–0n9 Formation of prosthecae kjkkkjjk Rosette formation (j) j (j) kkj j j Colour of cultures Red to orange-red Brown-red to red Pink to red Pink to red Pink Pink Green to olive-green Olive-green Bacteriochlorophyll aaaaaabb International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology Salt requirement (%) None None 4–5 1–5 None None None None Optimum pH 5n5–6n06n97n0–7n56n9–7n17n0–7n57n06n5–7n07n0 Optimum temperature (mC) 25–30 30–37 30–35 25–30 30 30–35 25–30 28–30 Sulfate assimilation* j (APS) j (PAPS) j (PAPS) k Aerobic dark growth jjj(j) jj (j)(j) Denitrification kj\kj kjj k k Fermentation of fructose kkkjkk Photoautotrophic growth with H# H#, TS, Sulfide TS Sulfide TS TS k TS, Sulfide Growth factors None p-ABA (biotin) Biotin, p-ABA Niacin Thiamin, p-ABA Biotin, p-ABA Biotin, p-ABA DNA GjC content (mol%) 62n2–66n8 (Bd) 64n8–66n3 (Bd) 65n2–65n7()62n4–64n1()66n8()69n6–69n7()66n3–71n4 (Bd) 67n8–68n4() Cytochrome c# size Small Large Small Major quinones Q-10, MK-10, RQ-10 Q-10 Q-10, MK-10 Q-10, MK-10 Q-10, RQ-10 Q-10, RQ-10 Q-9, MK-9 Q-8\10, MK-7\8 Content of major fatty acids (%): 14:0 0n8tr 0n4 0n52n5 16:0 14n85n2 1n9 8n48n6 16:1 37n23n1 0n5 5n59n2 18:0 0n87n3 14n1 2n21n7 18:1 46n079n7 69n0 74n676n5 * Sulfate assimilation via adenosine 5h-phosphosulfate (APS) or 3h-phosphoadenosine 5h-phosphosulfate (PAPS). 51 Downloaded from www.microbiologyresearch.org by IP: 134.245.215.185 On: Wed, 24 May 2017 10:25:54 Rhodoblastus acidophilus gen. nov., comb. nov. All of these differences support the placement of the completed by constriction. In the next cycle, both cells two species in different genera. Because Rhodo- form buds at the poles of the former cell division. pseudomonas palustris is the type species of this genus, Under certain conditions, rosettes and clusters are Rhodopseudomonas acidophila has to be transferred to formed. In media lacking calcium ions, cells are non- another genus. Therefore, in accordance with Rules motile. Internal photosynthetic membranes appear as 39a, 39b and 41a of the Bacteriological Code (Lapage lamellae underlying and parallel to the cytoplasmic et al., 1992), the transfer of Rhodopseudomonas membrane. Colour of anaerobic liquid cultures is acidophila to Rhodoblastus acidophilus gen. nov., purple-red to orange-brown. Cells grown under oxic comb. nov., is proposed, which is in line with other conditions are colourless to light pink or orange. taxonomic reclassifications proposed previously and Absorption spectra of living cells show maxima at 375, fully reflects the phylogenetic distance from Rhodo- 460, 490, 525, 590, 805, 855 and 890 nm. Photo- pseudomonas palustris. synthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll a (esterified with phytol) and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series with glucosides of rhodopin and rhodopinal. Description of Rhodoblastus gen. nov. The latter are characteristic of this species. Photo- Rhodoblastus (Rho.do.blashtus. Gr. n. rhodon the rose; heterotrophic growth with a number of organic carbon Gr. n. blastos bud shoot; N.L. masc. n. Rhodoblastus sources is the preferred mode of growth. Photo- the budding rose, referring to the cell colour and the autotrophic growth is possible with hydrogen as mode of cell division). electron donor; sulfide and thiosulfate cannot be used. Cells grow chemoautotrophically under microoxic to Cells are rod-shaped, motile by means of flagella, show oxic conditions in the dark with hydrogen as electron polar growth, budding and asymmetric cell division. donor. Organic carbon sources used are acetate, Gram-negative and belong to the α-2 proteobacteria. propionate, butyrate, lactate, pyruvate, fumarate, Internal photosynthetic membranes appear as lamellae malate, succinate, valerate, formate, methanol and underlying and
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