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Home , Crime in Ukraine, Natalia Korolevska, Ostap Semerak, Red Cardell, Vladyslav Kaskiv, Yevhen Petrushevych

Political deuces play into page Dispelling page Top 12 music page the hands of the government football fans' festivals before the election 6 fear of 36 this summer 48

№ 9 (32) june 2012 No language – no Ukraine

www.ukrainianweek.com for free distribution Featuring selected content from The Economist

Opposition vote |contents briefing focus ealers 9.8- Russification Redux? Total Political(e imates b yDeuces: A Royal Gift for the Language policy of the TPseudo-oppositionhe Ukrainian Government: A slew of facts party in power puts the projectsWeek) are stealing11.5 signal that the Presidential the opposition’s Administration is promoting as well as Ukraine’s votes and play Natalia Korolevska’s political sovereignty and European foul in electoral project to help it take control choice at risk 4 commissions 6 of the future parliament 8 Politics Why Invest in European Stories: Matej Šurc and Blaž Culture? How Leonidas Donskis Zgaga investigate 5.4 2.9 – 0.4 0.3▪ 0.5- Ukrainian – on the role of0.7 the role of Slovenian officials4.1 are 3.1 1.6 literature and and Ukrainian top distorting storytelling in officials in arms Ukrainian politics trade with the cultureNatalia Hr10omadianska Nasha Oleh Ukrainian Others 12 Balkans 13 Korolevska's pozytsia Ukrayina Liashko's People's (e imates Neighbours Security Ukrayina - (Civil (Our Radical Party by The The Difficult Vpered! Position) UkrEdwardaine) ChowPart ony how Ukrainian Bernard Path towards (Ukraine - Forwrwaarrdd!)!) Ukrainian authorities Week) Kouchner: Security Reform can decrease If you want to live in Ukraine dependence on Russian in a better world, Support from voters gas, yet put themselves it's all possible intending to vote in the ele ion, % 16 in an ever worse 18 in the EU 20 Based position instead 0,0 on Razumkov economics Centre poll held Investigation on 14-19 April 23.3 2012 The Illusion of Reforms26.7 According to Armed and 7.7 10.1 5.7 Based Macroeconomic28.2 Schumpeter: Unpunished: The 0,0 28.6 5.1 on KMIS Stability: why 8.5 The book confirms that10. 6 government is only poll held on 14-26 April doesPR (after it swmatterallowing the current “reforms” of VO Svoboda pretending to fight 2012 to economicSerhiy Tihipko's Communi the UkrainianBatkivshchyna, government Front Vitaliy (Freedom crime among the ranks ▪ Based on the Rating Sylna Ukrayina, Party of Changes and others on the Klitschko's All-Ukrainian Sociological Group poll growth?Strong Ukraine) of Ukraine will inevitablyunited opposition lead li to anUD AR Association) of law enforcement held on 15-26 March PRO-GOVERNMENT22 PARTIES THAeconomicT OPPOSITION crisis PARTES THAT WILL GET 26INTO 28 WILL GET INTO THE PARLIAMENT THE PARLIAMENT Unspoken Visa Rules: Ukraine and To Buy or Not who travel in Euro 2012: to Buy? A large the Schengen Area get into The best number of tickets trouble more and more tournament for Euro 2012 often as they break the money can football matches rules for non-EU citizens to buy may go to travel across the territory 30 32 Ukrainian scalpers 34 Society history navigator Giving ‘em the Runaround: In the Where did “Ukraine” UEFVanityA OFFICIAL TICKET Fair: PRICES An Come From? Tracing Group age (8-19 June) lead-up to Euro 2012, Western media insight Fir category: €120 (UintoAH 1,200) the Second category: €70 (UAH 700) have been competing to paint the the background of mansionsThird category: €30 (UAH 300 of) the scariest possible picture of Ukraine. the country name to nouveauQuarterfinals (21-24 June) riches th Fir category: €150 (UAH 1,500) the 19 century Second category: €80 (UAH 800) The Ukrainian Week looks into what andThird category: what €40 (UAH 400) lies foreigners fear and what challenges beneathSemifinals (27-28 June) 40 Fir category: €270 (UAH 2,700) 46 they will actually face in Ukraine 36 Second category: €150 (UAH 1,500) Third category: €45 (UAH 450) Final (1 July) culture & arts Fir category: €600 (UAH 6,000) Second category: €330 (UAH 3,300) 12 Summer Arsenale 2012: Third category: €50 (UAH 500) Music hosts the first Events international biennale not to be for contemporary missed art dedicated to the 48 apocalypse and rebirth 51

international monthly edition

The Ukrainian Week № 9 (32) June 2012 Mailing address: PO Box 2, Kyiv, 03067 Founder: ECEM Media Ukraine LLC Publisher: The Ukrainian Week LLC Publisher address: vul. Mashynobudivna 37, Kyiv 03067 Ukraine First published in January 2010 E-mail: [email protected], Tel.: (044) 351-1300 State registration certificate 16412-4884P of March 13, 2010 www.ukrainianweek.com Bohdan Andriytsev, Director, ECEM Media Ukraine LLC Print: ТОV SKIMP, TOV ART STUDIYA DRUKU; vul. Boryspilska 15, Kyiv Serhiy Lytvynenko, Editor-in-Chief, The Ukrainian Week Ordering number: 7505/12. Print run: 15,000 Natalia Romanec, Shaun Williams, Editors; Sent to print on 31 May 2012 Anna Korbut, Translator Free distribution № 9 (32) june 2012|the ukrainian week|3 briefing| 17 May 18 May 21 May sets up the Con- The Russian Supreme UAH 200mn of state funds stitutional Assembly subordinate Court liquidates the As- allocated for children’s cancer to the tasked sociation of Ukrainians treatment facility in Kyiv go to with drafting amendments to the in Russia Euro 2012 preparations

Quotes Viktor Pshonka reveals pressure “Regulators are putting too much pressure on businesses. This is a dangerous trend,” claims the Prosecutor General.

Vladimir Medinski the propagandist minister The notorious historian known for his anti-Ukrai- nian and anti-Euro- pean statements and support for Stalin's geopolitcs is appointed Russia's Minister of Culture.

Bronislaw Komorowsky spots a threat At a meeting with Viktor Yanukovych, the Polish President says that he views his peer’s policy as a threat to Ukraine’s European integra- tion.

Hugh Robertson encourages fans to go to Euro 2012 "My advice to any fan is to go and sup- port their team,… but crucially to behave yourself as well,” UK Sports Minister says on Sky Channel.

The month 2 June 1652 3 June 1863 4 June 1775 in history Bohdan Khmelnytsky’s Yevhen Petrushevych, Presi- Catherine the Great’s Cossack army defeats the dent of Western Ukrainian army destroys Zapori- 20,000-strong Polish army People’s Republic (ZUNR), zhzhia Sich in the Battle of Batoh is born

4|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012 |briefing 24 May 28 May 1 June The NBU simplifies cur- Arseniy Yatseniuk announc- The Cabinet of Ministers allows travelers to bring rency exchange proce- es that the United Opposi- up to five packages of each item of medication, dure for non-residents for tion will hold its convention and one package of each food item in carry-on Euro 2012, 1 June - and present its campaign and check-in luggage, provided that the total cost 10 July 2012 platform on 30 July of food does not exceed EUR 200

free press award

Ukrayinsky Tyzhden wins the Russification Redux? Free Press of EasternE urope 2012 Award confrontation over language legislation in the last parliamentary election in 2007, and proposed by the ruling party is unfold- ended up with 202 out of 450 seats, forming a The official ceremony for the Gerd ing in Ukraine. On 24 May, opposition majority only after 20 MPs from Volodymyr Bucerius Award, which are decided Lytvyn’s People’s Party and a few dozen cross- by the Zeit-Stiftung Ebelin Founda- AMPs prevented the parliament from tion and Gerd Bucerius, together considering the Draft Law On the Basics of overs from the opposition joined them. Both with the Fritt Ord Foundation (Free State Language Policy sponsored by Vadym groups publicly claim that they will not vote for Word), took place in Hamburg. Kolesnichenko, a notorious openly anti-Ukrai- the language law sponsored by the Party of Re- Other winners included Olga nian and pro-Russian MP, and Serhiy Kivalov, gions, yet they may eventually fail to resist Romanova, a well-known Russian ex-Chair of the Central Electoral Commission pressure from the Presidential Administration blogger, who covers the situation often blamed for the rigged 2004 presidential and its substantial “powers of persuasion.” in prisons; Khadija Ismayilova, an election that sparked the . If passed, the bill will put not only the Ukrai- Azerbaijani journalist, who writes The bill’s sponsors insist that their only prior- nian language, but Ukraine’s sovereignty and about corruption in the higher ity is to protect the languages of ethnic minori- European choice, at risk. Unlike the European echelons of power, particularly the presidential family; Valeri Karbal- ties whose rights are allegedly discriminated Charter for Regional and Minority Languages, evitch, an independent Belarusian against. The MPs also claim that they drafted it does not focus on disappearing languages political observer and author of the bill in order to meet the requirements of that need protection. Instead, it prioritizes the the book entitled “Alexander the previously ratified European Charter for Russian language that, supported by Ukraine’s Lukashenko: Political Portrait”. The Regional and Minority Languages. Yet, both post-colonial environment, still dominates in Fritt Ord Foundation’s Free Press in the OSCE and the Venice Commission have some oblasts and spheres of life. Another im- Russia-2012 Award was won by the criticized the Kolesnichenko-Kivalov spon- portant argument is that the expansion of the Chechen magazine “Dosh” which sored language initiative. In a letter to the Russian language and the influence of the highlights human rights and talks , Speaker Volodymyr Lytvyn Kremlin play key roles in the concept of the about what is actually happening in and Knut Vollebaek, OSCE High Commis- Russian World currently promoted by the the Caucasus. The Gerd Bucerius “Free Press of sioner on National Minorities, argued that the Russian government. If passed, the bill would Eastern Europe Award” has been bill could be counterproductive in stabilizing make Russian an official language in 13 out of awarded since 2000 to journalists Ukrainian society, serving to increase rather 27 oblasts where the share of Russian speakers and the mass media for neutrality, than relieve ethnic and linguistic tensions and exceeds 10%, including Kyiv. With Russian professionalism, quality of work, aggravate the existing societal divide. Having media expansion intensifying alongside Vladi- public activity and valour. The aim analyzed the bill, the Venice Commission mir Putin’s intention to revive the USSR in the of the German and Norwegian noted that it is poorly balanced because it Eurasian Union, the bill’s provisions canceling foundations is to support journalists strengthens the positions of the Russian lan- the effective quotas for the use of Ukrainian in and media who, in spite of pressure guage disproportionately while entailing no broadcasting, film distribution, advertising from the authorities and economic measures to confirm the role of Ukrainian as a and so on, are especially dangerous. difficulties, tell the truth, not giving into censorship. state language or properly protect other re- A conflict between the and op- “The situation of the mass media is gional and minority languages. position MPs disrupted the session in which the cause for concern in many countries. Some MPs from parties in coalition with the parliament was to consider the amendments, Independent journalism in Eastern Party of Regions, particularly Volodymyr yet the party in power remains unwilling to Europe continues to be subject to Lytvyn’s People’s Party, and Reforms for the make any concessions. It plans to submit the pressure and threats. Newspapers, Future, a group of crossovers from the opposi- bill for consideration again in the next plenary magazines and internet platforms tion that joined the ruling coalition in 2010, session beginning on 5 June. They see this as a are being harassed by various agree with the opinion of the OSCE and the step toward winning the support of pro-Rus- means. However, democracy can- Venice Commission. The parties supporting sian voters before the October parliamentary not develop without freedom of amendments to the language law, including election as the popularity of Viktor Yanukovuch speech”, – explains Theo Sommer, Honorary Editor of “Die Zeit” and Viktor Yanukovych and ’s Party and the Party of Regions plummets. Head of the panel of judges of the of Regions and the Communist Party of Gerd Bucerius Award. Ukraine, their coalition ally, gained only 39.8% Oleksandr Kramar

6 June 1889 15 June 1834 17 June 1993 21 June 1971 Igor Sikorsky, designer of Taras Shevchenko Ukraine and Russia Archeologist Borys the world's first multi-engine National University divide the Black Sea Mozolevsky finds fixed-wing aircraft and of Kyiv is opened Fleet the Golden Scythian founder of Sikorsky Aircraft Pectoral at the Tovsta Corporation, is born in Kyiv Mohyla burial mound

№ 9 (32) june 2012|the ukrainian week|5 focus|vote stealing Political Deuces Pseudo-opposition and unpopular projects could steal as much as 10% of the opposition’s votes and play a destructive role in electoral commissions

n this year’s elections, every Author: odny Rukh) in the late 1990s, ko’s Progressive Socialist Party percentage point of votes cast Andriy Skumin which demoralised the centre- and the Green Party became clas- for the opposition may have a right camp prior to the 1999 pres- sical examples of technological Idecisive impact on the coun- idential campaign. In the 1990s projects aimed at dissipating sup- try’s future. In the worst-case sce- and early 2000s, Natalia Vitren- port for the opposition. In the nario, it may turn out to be crucial in preventing the government from forging a constitutional ma- jority with the help of MPs elected Opposition vote under the first-past-the-post ealers (FPP) system. In the best-case 9.8- Total (e imates by scenario, it will help the opposi- The Ukrainian tion to form its own majority or at Week) least make it difficult for the 11.5 Presidential Administration to put together a stable sim- ple majority. The pro-gov- ernment camp is interested in spawning numerous pseudo-op- position or outright futile politi- cal projects which will be in- strumental in the government’s efforts to retain and strengthen its grip on power. 5.4 2.9 – 0.4 0.3▪ 0.5- These projects could influence 1.6 – 0.7 the election in various ways. First, 4.1 3.1 there will be chameleons which will join the pro-government ma- jority in the parliament – de facto, if no de jure, but this is sufficient Natalia Hromadianska Nasha Oleh Ukrainian Others under the current Constitution. Korolevska's pozytsia Ukrayina Liashko's People's (e imates Second, some parties will work to Ukrayina - (Civil (Our Radical Party by The win over opposition supporters. Third, there will be mud-slingers Vpered! Position) Ukraine) Party Ukrainian tasked with hurting the key oppo- (Ukraine - Forwrwaarrdd!)!) Week) sition forces. Finally, pseudo-op- position parties will be used to take control of territorial and espe- Support from voters cially district electoral commis- intending to vote sions. in the ele ion, % The country is essentially fac- Based 0,0 ing the threat of repeating its on Razumkov past. In 1999, the personal ambi- Centre poll held tions of a number of opposition on 14-19 April 2012 23.3 26.7 politicians, particularly Yevhen 10.1 Marchuk and Oleksandr Moroz, 7.7 5.7 Based 28.2 0,0 28.6 led to President ’s on KMIS 8.5 10.6 5.1 re-election, even though the Ka- poll held niv Four1 could have secured the on 14-26 April PR (after swallowing VO Svoboda 2012 's Communi Batkivshchyna, Front Vitaliy (Freedom election if they had chosen one ▪ candidate from their own num- Based on the Rating Sylna Ukrayina, Party of Changes and others on the Klitschko's All-Ukrainian Sociological Group poll Strong Ukraine) of Ukraine united opposition li UDAR Association) ber. The Kuchma Administration held on 15-26 March PRO-GOVERNMENT PARTIES THAT OPPOSITION PARTES THAT WILL GET INTO also engineered a split in the Peo- WILL GET INTO THE PARLIAMENT THE PARLIAMENT ple’s Movement of Ukraine (Nar- 6|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012 vote stealing|focus 2002 parliamentary election cam- ynyk is working on his own Union and Vladyslav Kaskiv’s paign, the Team of the Winter “opposition” project. His financial PORA. The United Centre has an Generation emerged. Led by Inna and organisational assets are mod- extensive local network, espe- Bohoslovska and Valeriy Khorosh- est, and his party was only able to cially in Zakarpattia. The party kovsky, it claimed to have new po- run in in polled 0.7% in the local elections. litical quality and won the sympa- the recent local election. According to information ob- thy of a part of the opposition- tained by The Ukrainian Week, minded electorate. rising from ruins Baloha wants to actively engage Second among political forces in politics and run in the parlia- BYuT spinoffs that have slim chances of entering mentary election. However, the The most promising project of parliament is Hromadi- precise format of his participa- the Presidential Administra- anska pozytsia (Civil tion is still unknown. Zhvania’s tion today is Natalia Ko- Position) led by for- party played a key role in bring- rolevska’s Ukrayina-Vpe­red! mer Nasha Ukray- ing NU-NS defectors to the pro- (Ukraine – Forward!) party. ina-Narodna Samo­­ government coalition in 2010. The smaller, mostly puppet oborona (Our Ukra­ Apart from diluting votes, his projects beneficial to the ­ine-People’s Self-­­­ main objective in the 2012 cam- government include sev- Defense, NU-NS) MP paign may be putting his own eral other political forces . people on district election com- founded by Tymoshen- If it fails to find a missions to help the Party of Re- ko’s former fellow party good option to inte- gions control them. Under the Opposition vote members. grate with other par- new law, parliamentary factions ealers The scandalous Oleh ties, it too will syphon take part in forming territorial 9.8- Liashko founded the off votes from the rest and district election commis- Total (e imates by The Ukrainian Radical Party of Ukra­­ of the opposition. An- sions. The Christian Democratic Week) ine and launched a other electoral threat to Union is a founding party of the 11.5 vigorous, albeit bizar­ the opposition comes NU-NS bloc and thus will have its ­re, advertisement cam­­ from the right-wing whe­ own quota. PORA also has a simi- paign, even though ­re national democratic lar quota. It never was a full- he declared he would forces led by Our Ukraine fledged political party, but the not participate in the and ’s Ukra­­ brand evokes some nostalgic as- 2012 elections. It ap- inian People’s Party are sociations in some segments of pears that his project is geared slowly coming closer to a society. Its leader, Vladyslav towards compromising Tymosh- union. The “old national Kaskiv, is completely controlled enko’s staff policy: if such an inad- democrats” are quite capable of by the government. He heads the equate figure as Liashko was a trimming 1-2% from the opposi- State Agency for Investments and 5.4 2.9 – 0.4 0.3▪ 0.5- member of her team, why vote for tion’s electoral pie. Moreover, National Project Management. 1.6 – 0.7 her opposition? Liashko could re- seems to be His political force is likely to 4.1 3.1 veal many secrets about members embracing, rather than dismiss- make an independent run and of Tymoshenko’s team who will be ing, his role, viewing it as his next will thus be used by the Presiden- running under the joint list made “mission”. According to sources in tial Administration as a techno- by Batkivshchyna and the Front of Our Ukraine that spoke to The logical project. Natalia Hromadianska Nasha Oleh Ukrainian Others Changes. At a recent by-election Ukrainian Week, he clearly set the The most modest estimate Korolevska's pozytsia Ukrayina Liashko's People's (e imates to the Vinnytsia Oblast Council, a agenda for his party’s run when shows that the opposition may Ukrayina - (Civil (Our Radical Party by The Radical Party candidate handed he recently spoke to his party’s lose at least 10% of its votes to out flyers executed in Bat- political board: the goal is not to pseudo-opposition and low-pop- Vpered! Position) Ukraine) Party Ukrainian kivshchyna’s trademark white and win but to "expose to society the ularity opposition parties. These (Ukraine - Forwrwaarrdd!)!) Week) red colours with the slogan “Free- criminal essence of the opposition fall into two categories. One in- dom to Yulia!” printed in a large gathered in the Dictatorship Re- cludes professional spoilers that font. The fine print at the bottom sistance Committee under Yulia’s are consciously working to bring of the page identified him as a guidance.” Valentyn Nalyvaichen­ down the opposition's popularity Support from voters rating. The other embraces deter- intending to vote member of Liashko's party. As a ­ko, chairman of Our Ukraine’s po- in the ele ion, % result, he received 10% of the litical board, recently made a de- mined candidates whose ambi- votes. Had these votes gone to the cision to agree with other opposi- tions prevent them from inte- Based 0,0 on Razumkov true opposition candidate, he tion forces on a united list of grating with like-minded parties. Centre poll held would have confidently beat his candidates under both the pro- Importantly, voters – and not on 14-19 April pro-government rival. portional and FPP systems, but it just the ruling party – need to be 2012 23.3 26.7 10.1 The government may also is unlikely to have any effect, be- aware of this fact, because in the 7.7 5.7 make use of the Ukraine of the Fu- cause Yushchenko still controls long run everything will depend Based 28.2 0,0 28.6 on KMIS 8.5 10.6 5.1 ture party led by former BYuT MP most regional organizations. on voters’ ability to make in- poll held Sviatoslav Oliynyk. He used to be a formed decisions that will pre- on 14-26 April PR (after swallowing VO Svoboda member of Andriy Portnov’s group Turncoats vent their votes from being 2012 Serhiy Tihipko's Communi Batkivshchyna, Front Vitaliy (Freedom which focused on legal support 1 The pro-government camp may wasted. The leaders of the true ▪ of Changes and others on the Klitschko's All-Ukrainian The Kaniv Four group Based on the Rating Sylna Ukrayina, Party and political raids during Tymosh- was set up by Oleksandr soon accept several more projects opposition who do not have a Sociological Group poll Strong Ukraine) of Ukraine united opposition li UDAR Association) Moroz, Oleksandr held on 15-26 March enko’s premiership. Today Port- that grew out of NU-NS: Viktor chance of making it to the parlia- PRO-GOVERNMENT PARTIES THAT OPPOSITION PARTES THAT WILL GET INTO Tkachenko, Yevhen nov is an advisor to the Yanu- Marchuk and Volodymyr Baloha’s United Centre, Davyd ment on their own should refuse WILL GET INTO THE PARLIAMENT THE PARLIAMENT Oliynyk before the presi- kovych Administration, while Oli- dential election in 1999. Zhvania’s Christian-Democratic to run. № 9 (32) june 2012|the ukrainian week|7 focus|natalia korolevska Billboard: Join the team of new leaders! Natalia Korolevska's Ukraine – Forward! Party

A Royal Gift to the Government A number of facts suggest that the Presidential Administration is promoting Natalia Korolevska’s political project. True or not, she is now playing into the hands of the government in its efforts to take control of the future parliament Authors: ormer BYuT MP Natalia Ko- are ready to support her Ukrayina – enko’s table with allegations that Oleksandr rolevska is everywhere in the Vpered! (Ukraine – Forward!) party. Korolevska-controlled businesses Mykhelson, mass media. Billboards featur- were embezzling funds allocated to Oleksandr Fing her face outnumber those How “new leaders” grow purchase equipment for state-own Kramar sporting the Party of Regions logo. Oblast native Korolevska, mines and selling illegally mined Unlike other politicians that place 36, came to politics from business. coal. themselves in the ranks of the oppo- At 18, she managed a company set It is likely that the Ukrainian So- sition, she has no problems access- up by her older brother Kostiantyn. cial Democratic Party (USDP), ing voters. This fact, among others, He was credited by the press for which Korolevska came to head in leads many to believe she is acting in playing a key role in inviting the December 2011, was also prepared the interests of the government and then Moscow Mayor Yury Luzhkov and delivered to her with the gov- stealing votes from the opposition. to the infamous 2004 separatist ernment’s support. The USDP, part Sociologists contacted by The Ukrai- congress in Severodonetsk . Re- of BYuT at the time, was run by nian Week indeed confirm that Ko- markably, Korolevska embarked on Yevhen Korniychuk, son-in-law to rolevska’s popularity is rising due to a political career with the support of former Chief Justice of the Supreme her aggressive billboard campaign, the Party of Regions when she was Court and ex-Dep- paid-for media coverage, regular elected to the Coun- uty Minister of Justice. Korniychuk presence in talk shows and the nov- cil in the early 2000s. Eventually, was put under considerable pres- elty effect. According to the Razum- she made a career in BYuT thanks to sure. Unlike Tymoshenko and Lut- kov Centre, as many as 5.4% (4.1 ac- despite the files senko, he was eventually amnestied. cording to KMIS) of potential voters brought to Prime Minister Tymosh- MPs say off the record that the price 8|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012 natalia korolevska|focus was his father-in-law's resignation, rolevska as the leader of the united tional lines”. Then there is the re- but some opposition MPs do not opposition compared to Turchyn- cently mandatory mantra on the rule out that the USDP was an addi- ov’s 4.2%. role of citizens in political life. Ko- tional part of the deal. In late Octo- Korolevska is a valuable find for rolevska takes it to maximum ber 2011, police searched the apart- the government interested in di- heights and commits to introduce ment of Viktor Poltavets, former luting the opposition. The anti- “total citizen control on all govern- Minister of Coal Mining, who is Yulia project was launched a ment levels”, no less. thought to be linked to long time ago, but Korolevska The issues of national identity, Korolevska. Anatoliy Mo- fills the bill more than anyone the state language, geopolitical hylov, Minister of the Inte- else by far. She triggers a choice and Euro-Atlantic integra- rior at the time, claimed whole range of subconscious tion are completely ignored. This is then that the search was associations: Tymoshenko’s only reasonable because Ko- part of an investigation into former comrade-in-arms rolevska attracts, according to financial fraud. Soon after and favourite who went opinion polls, a paradoxical elec- the search, Korolevska began against the Turchynov- toral mix – her popularity ratings to openly distance herself from Kozhemiakin tandem are the highest (and almost the BYuT. which in a backstage deal same) in Southeastern and Western The landmark USDP con- delivered Tymoshenko’s Ukraine, where they are two to gress took place the same day much-cherished party three times higher than in the cen- the Kyiv Court of Appeals upheld to Arseniy Yatseniuk, tral oblasts. the guilty verdict against Tymosh- Viktor Yushchenko’s enko. Korolevska’s rise to a leader- protégé, a friend of Bread and circuses ship position in another party had oligarchs and the Korolevska’s election headquarters not been approved by either Ty- “favourite opposi- spares no money on advertisement. moshenko or , tionist” of the current gov- Artem Bidenko, expert in advertise- who leads Batkivshchyna and BYuT ernment. ment communications, told The in Tymoshenko’s absence. Ko- Ukrainian Week that according to rolevska initially said through the No need for a platform Doors Consulting, Korolevska face mass media, including The Ukrai- Instead of an election platform, Ko- now stares at Ukrainians from 320 nian Week, that she did have rolevska offers voters a collection of billboards in Kyiv alone and 900 BYuT’s blessing. Finally, Turchynov populist buzzwords and slogans. across Ukraine. The price tag for this publicly denied it. She declares that her goal boils luxury is UAH 2.5 million per On 14 March, Korolevska was down to “bringing new leaders into month. Advertisement specialists expelled from the BYuT faction. The politics who will change the quality point out that the stylistics of her formal ground was that her card did election campaign bears too close a not vote for the PACE recommenda- resemblance to the Party of Regions’ tion to have Tymoshenko and other Korolevska is a perfect PR technologists. The impression is political prisoners released. Ko- candidate for the anti-Yulia that the slogans, colours, etc. were rolevska accused the faction’s lead- produced by one centre. ership and Andriy Kozhemiakin per- Tymoshenko project At the same time, she is trying to sonally of having stolen her card. come across as a modern European The BYuT faction members said that of Ukraine’s politics”. Voters are be- politician. She has already spoken at the true reason was her “coopera- ing urged to vote for the pretty the Davos Forum, and the Ko- tion with the regime”. Yevhen Su- woman who promises to bring these rolevska Foundation organised a slov and Oleksiy Lohvynenko fol- fantasies to life. meeting for friends of Ukraine in lowed Korolevska and quit the fac- Despite its rebranding, the Brussels which was attended by tion. The USDP political board took USDP has kept its social democratic such noted MEPs as Britain's the decision to withdraw from the declarations. “A social democratic Charles Tannock and Poland's Dictatorship Resistance Committee. party like the ones found in Europe Marek Siwiec. In response, BYuT expelled the is the only way for Ukraine to de- Retrospectively, there are a UDSP from its ranks. Finally, on 21 velop,” says Suslov, Korolevska’s number of parallels between Ko- March, the party was renamed into closest aide. Korolevska indignantly rolevska and one old project – the Natalia Korolevska’s Ukraine – For- condemns privatisation which “has Team of the Winter Generation. ward! revealed its true face in the 20 years That force was led by Inna Bo-

1 The congress of MPs of Ukraine’s independence” – and hoslovska and Valeriy Khorosh- Operation Heiress? took place in Severodo- this despite her family having been kovsky who also insisted they were netsk, Luhansk Oblast, on Obviously, Korolevska’s advertise- 28 November 2004, as a involved in the process. The party politicians with new quality and Eu- response to the refusal of ment campaign seeks to sort of re- authorities in , Volyn, promises to relieve small and me- ropean worldviews, capable of suc- place the image of Tymoshenko. Ternopil, Ivano-Frankivsk dium business to the maximum pos- cessfully combating the country’s and Kyiv Oblasts, as well Moreover, the excessive personifica- as Kyiv City, to acknowl- sible extent, forgetting to specify backwardness and post-Soviet edge the rule of Viktor Ya- how they will be relieved. Its plat- chaos. What they did in fact was tion of BYuT has made Korolevska nukovych elected as a re- the most popular figure in Tymosh- sult of massive fraud that form also calls for “an active part of steal votes cast by supporters of the sparked the Orange Revo- enko’s team, while her political proj- lution. The congress was a fair and efficient state”, “securing opposition in the 2002 parliamen- ect is balancing on the parliamen- seeking to declare auton- social justice and high social stan- tary elections. Its representatives omy for Eastern and tary threshold level. According to a Southern oblasts they re- dards”, “more welfare” and counter- eventually found themselves among ferred to as the Autono- Razumkov Centre poll, 4.8% of po- mous South-Eastern action against “societal rifts along the most zealous followers of the tential voters would support Ko- Ukrainian Republic. cultural, linguistic, religious and na- current regime. № 9 (32) june 2012|the ukrainian week|9 Politics|the state & the arts Why Invest in Culture? How officials are distorting

Author: senko, the founder of Ukrainian clas- Roman Horbyk sical music, in March of this year.

kraine’s Ministry of Culture ERSATZ reforms has taken the spotlight in a All these failures would not be so recent slew of major scan- bitter if they weren’t so consistent. Udals. Minister Mykhailo Ku- The Ukrainian art industry with its lyniak has been diligently serving the helpless theater plays, mothballed president as his court musician and museums and libraries that look glorifying Mr. Yanukovych’s talents like they did two centuries ago, as a writer in the style of Brezhnev seems to irritate everyone in the toadies. Meanwhile, he essentially country. Unlike the websites of backed the private developer in- French or Danish Ministries of Cul- volved in the demolition of buildings ture, that look like fancy iPhone ap- on Andriyivsky Uzviz, causing a pub- plications, their Ukrainian peer’s lic uproar. Also, he did nothing to website looks like a relict itself. prevent the government from pass- Culture is one of the few indus- ing new amendments to the proce- tries where a shift of government does dure for issuing certificates to dub not spark immediate drastic changes. movies into Russian. All of these “We have no declared reform in cul- “achievements” have urged civil ac- ture today, only window dressing like tivists to label him as the foe of cul- in all other industries,” theater direc- ture. But these are not the only tor Serhiy Proskurnia says. “They wrongdoings of the puppet minister. still have this old competition system At the end of April, the entire staff of but nobody buys the works of com- the Ukrainian Culture (Ukrayinska posers, painters or other artists, be- Kultura) magazine resigned. This cause officials have no money or was virtually the only glossy Ukrai- spend whatever money they have us- nian-language magazine about cul- ing the justice-by-phone1 approach. ture and one of the very few success- Meanwhile, the government allocates ful ministry projects. Maria Khrush- funds to festivals that only exist on chak, the ex-Chief Editor, said at a paper, giving food for thought.” press conference that she had been Experts polled by The Ukrai- replaced by Oksana Hayduk, Mr. nian Week claim that splitting fi- Kulyniak’s niece (see photo). Ac- nancial flows between public and cording to Ms. Hayduk’s bio on social sectors is effective in every Facebook, the newly-appointed country. Culture is a rapidly chang- Chief Editor of the Ukrainian Cul- ing living organism where one thing that it has never thrown off the ture graduated from a school in the is born while another dies. Public government’s attempts to control Kemerovo Oblast (RF). Having his supervision of the budget is the only it as one of its tools, despite the 23-year old niece, who does not have way to control these processes. The fact that the functions of culture the relevant experience, or necessary funds should be distributed to non- itself is much more extensive than knowledge of Ukrainian culture that government entities that have those of the state. This results in is not likely to be learned in Russian proved efficient in a given area. the standardization, modelling schools, run a government-funded and unification of approaches to publication, Ukraine’s Minister of culture vs government all regions and sectors in culture. Culture seems to care little about One of the most urgent problems Meanwhile, the Law “On Cul- public opinion. Another scandal in of the Ukrainian cultural sphere is ture” signed in early January 2011 his career was caused by the fact that has had no impact so far, even

there was virtually no celebration of 1 A soviet rudiment where judges used to call in party though it provides for all arts in the 170th anniversary of Mykola Ly- bosses to find out what verdict they should give. Ukraine to switch to a contractual 10|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012 the state & the arts|Politics ing Poland, , the Czech Re- they have. Everything there is based public and Hungary. I’m not even on smart organization and creative talking about France where Charles design, growing out of a competitive de Gaulle laid the foundation for environment. The Hans Christian the protection of culture and art Andersen Museum in Odense or the under André Malraux, the first Ibsen Musum in Oslo are brilliant Prime-Minister, when France re- examples of cultural projects that belled against the surge of Ameri- consumers remember for life. can culture after World War II.” The promotion of language and Ms. Glamorous culture abroad, is another vital com- a private ministry? Minister ponent in a modern nation. Alliance Why shouldn’t Ukraine look to the Kulyniak's niece, française (The French Alliance), French model? Jean-Philippe Mo- 23, becomes which is subordinate to the Ministry Chief Editor of the chon, head of the French Cultural Ukrainian Culture of Foreign Affairs, is in charge of this Bureau’s International and Legal magazine after in France. The establishment of in- Affairs Department, told The the whole team stitutions such as Instytut Polski, Al- Ukrainian Week about relations resigns liance Française, the Goethe-Institut between the state and culture. In and the British Council in Ukraine words, and in fact, the difference could solve some of the challenges between Ukraine and France is that Ukrainian culture is facing, in- minimal. “The Ministry has one cluding the key issue of funding cul- huge mission – to be responsible for ture and spending the money avail- cultural policy and support, pre- able in the best way possible. It serve and develop French identity. would deal with the management But there are also many smaller and distribution of public and pri- missions,” Mr. Mochon adds. “On vate funds for cultural projects both the one hand, we promote French in Ukraine and abroad. artwork in France and the world Ukraine has a start-up struc- and protect it. We run museums, ar- ture for this, including a cultural chives and preserve architectural Public spending center in Moscow and a smaller monuments. On the other hand, we on culture in one in , established with the encourage the creation of new art”, Ukraine, 2012 support of the local diaspora. But, Unlike Ukraine, France uses a Total experts claim that both centers different scheme to distribute pub- UAH 1.7bn barely operate since they are un- Theaters lic funds for culture. Its Cultural UAH 446.4mn derfunded and ineffectively run. Bureau allocates only 50% of the Libraries Given the government’s reluc- budget, i.e. EUR 3bn, directly to re- and museums tance and inability to implement cipients. Another EUR 3bn goes to 308.3mn bn changes, the Institute of Ukrainian professional entities, such as the Art groups Culture should essentially become a UAH 305.4mn National Film Institute, under gov- public initiative, similar to the pre- Historical and cul- ernment and public supervision. tural reserves revolutionary (Enlighten- The entity gives grants to projects UAH 240.7mn ment) society, though different from qualified as the most significant Filmmaking the currently existing Prosvita, which and timely by experts and artists. UAH 170.3mn is all about window dressing. The Concerts France devotes considerable at- UAH 45.9mn original Prosvita could draw public tention to financial control mecha- Administration funds and private donations to sup- nisms. The system has three layers. UAH 26.2mn port and promote Ukrainian culture. “Firstly, our Cultural Bureau re- However, the risk in the current situ- ports its financial activities to par- ation is that private donations to an liament,” Mr. Mochon shares. “Sec- entity like this will turn into the pro- ondly, the Finance Ministry super- motion of oligarchs who have re- vises us on an ongoing basis. The cently taken over the culture and arts last controlling element is NGOs.” industry in an effort to clean up their basis. The key objective today Scandinavian countries are an- image. One way to filter scandalous would have to be the passing and other potential model for Ukraine. philanthropists, though, is to draft implementation of supporting reg- They allocate significant spending clear rules for the funding and oper- ulations. At the same time, Mr. on culture from high taxes. The only ation of the entity. If implemented Proskurnia laments that Ukraine difference, though, is that the tax- successfully, the entity would wipe will ultimately end up with imita- payers’ money fills the budget the need for the conventional Minis- tion rather than true reforms again. rather than someone’s pockets. As a try of Culture and take over its role as “After all, even we have public result, Denmark, Sweden and Nor- a public ministry of sorts. councils for public procurement, way have ended up with an amazing After all, a country with a prop- just like Europe does,” he says. “All infrastructure for culture and arts. erly developed culture, has no need these Western standards suppos- Having very few cultural values that for such a ministry, nor do the na- edly exist here. A perfect model for are truly unique, unlike France or tions that have no culture at all. At us would be the one used by our Italy, Scandinavian countries make this point, Ukraine is closer to the East European neighbours, includ- the most of the scarce resources latter group. № 9 (32) june 2012|the ukrainian week|11 Politics|opinion European Stories

o have a plausible political-historical narrative can we miss the point talking past and present to each nowadays means to have viable politics, rather other or listening to someone else’s drama that it was than policies masquerading as politics. Politics Dante who coined the phrase “the cult of cruelty,” and Tbecomes impossible without a good story in the the English writer Rex Warner who forged the phrase form of a convincing plot or an inspiring vision. The “the cult of power” – political idioms that we use con- same applies to good literature. When we fail a method stantly without being aware of the fact that they are in our scholarship, or when a method fails us, we not straight out of the vocabulary of today. switch to a story – this sounds much in tune with Um- Suffice it to recall that the real founding fathers of Eu- berto Eco. Where scholarly language fails, fiction rope, Renaissance humanists Thomas More and Eras- comes as a way out of the predicament with an inter- mus of Rotterdam made friends in Paris conjointly pretation of the world around us. translating Lucian from Greek into Latin, and also The funny thing is that politics does not work without connecting their friend, German painter Hans Holbein our stories. This is to say that modern politics needs the Younger, to the royal court of the king of England the humanities much more than politicians suspect. Henry VIII. Whereas the great Flemish painter Quen- Without travel accounts, humour, laughter, warning tin Matsys saved for history the face of their friend in and moralizing, political concepts tend to become Antwerp, Peter Giles, Hans Holbein the Younger im- empty. With sound reason, therefore, Karl Marx once mortalized the faces of his benefactor Thomas More wittily noted that he learned much more about the and Erasmus of Rotterdam. nineteenth century’s political and economic life from Yet the bad news is that politics colonized culture Honoré de Balzac’s novels than from all economists of nowadays, and this went unnoticed, albeit under our that time put together. noses. This is not to say that culture is politically ex- This is the reason why Shakespeare was far and away ploited and vulgarized for long- or short-term political the most profound political thinker of Renaissance ends and objectives. In a democratic political setting, Europe. Niccolò Machiavelli’s works Florentine Sto- culture is separated from politics. An instrumentalist ries and Discourses on Livy tell us much about his lit- approach to culture immediately betrays either tech- Author: erary vocation and also about the talent of a story- nocratic disdain for the world of arts and letters or Leonidas teller – no less than exuberant comedies penned by poorly concealed hostility to human worth and liberty. Donskis Machiavelli, such as The Mandragola. However, in our brave new world, the problem lies Do we tell each other European stories nowadays to en- elsewhere. hance our powers of interpretation and association, and We don’t need the humanities anymore as a primary to reveal one another’s experi- driving force behind our politi- ences, traumas, dreams, vi- cal and moral sensibilities. In- sions, and fears? We don’t, alas. culture is politically stead, politicians try to keep the Instead, we confined the entire exploited and academia as unsafe, uncertain European project merely to its and insecure as possible – by economic and technical aspects. vulgarized for long- reshaping, or “reforming” it, Stories lay the foundation for or short-term into a branch of the corporate Giovanni Boccaccio’s master- world. By and large, this idea of piece Deca­­meron; nothing political ends and the necessity to politically ra- other than stories about human objectives tionalize, change, reshape, re- suffering, whatever their blood furbish, and renovate the aca- and creed, made Voltaire’s philosophical tales, demia is a simulacrum, in Jean Baudrillard’s such as Candide, ou l’Optimisme (Candide, or Op- terms. It conceals the fact that the political class timism), truly European stories. and our bad policies are exactly what desperately This reference as well as human reality behind it need the change and reform. Yet the power speaks: if I crossed my mind almost immediately when I started don’t change you, you will come to change me. teaching the course on politics and literature at the We stopped telling moving stories to each other. In- University of Bologna. The reason was quite simple: I stead, we nourish ourselves and the world around us had the entire fabric of Europe in my class, as the with conspiracy theories (which are always about the course was given within the East European studies big and powerful, instead of the small and humane), program with the participation of students from West- sensationalist stuff, and crime or horror stories. In do- ern, Central, and Eastern Europe, including such non ing so, we are at the peril of stepping away from in- EU countries as Albania, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, most European sensibilities, one of which has always Russia, Serbia, and Ukraine. been and continues to be the legitimacy of opposing We easily surpassed and crossed the boundaries of an narratives, attitudes, and memories. Human beings academic performance and discussion, for it was hu- are incomplete without one another. man exchanges on the newly discovered and shocking This is more than true with regard to Lithuania and moral blindness of classmates or neighbours, human Ukraine, or Lithuania and Poland. This applies to the dramas of high treason, moral treachery, disappoint- EU too. Without each other’s cultures and stories we ment, cowardice, cruelty, and loss of sensitivity. How will never achieve good politics. 12|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012 arms trade|Politics “Ukraine could have been one of the main sources of arms shipments to the Balkans during the war, despite the embargo”

Interviewer: lovenian investigative jour­­ in the history of the EU, involving with hundreds of anti-aircraft and Nataliya nalists Matej Šurc and the police of three of its member- anti-armour missiles. Altogether, Gumenyuk Blaž Zgaga and their families states. Matej Šurc and Blaž Zgaga eight so-called official ships arrived Sare being threatened with researched 6,000 documents, col­­ from different countries delivering Photo: murder after they published their laborated with their colleagues from 12,000 tones of ammunition, but Borut Kranjnc book V imenu države (In the Name six more countries and found this one was the first one found in of the State). The book is one of the evidence of top officials in Slovenian the documents to be departing from most scandalous investigations of intelligence and the army earning the port in Mykolayiv. We were also arms trade despite the UN embargo millions of dollars in kickbacks. able to decipher financial reports, during the war in the former which prove that as soon as the ship Yugoslavia. In the early 1990s, UW: An entire section in your arrived at its destination, millions of Slovenia was one of the key support book is dedicated to Ukraine. dollars were transferred to the ac- centers for the storage and Could you summarize it for us? count of the -based Scorpion transportation of thousands of tons What was Ukraine’s role in this International Services, and from of ammunition from different shady business? there – to its traditional recipient, countries, including Ukraine. The BZ: I’m convinced that Ukraine Global Technologies International journalists suggest that Janez Janša, could have been one the main Inc., owned by a Ukrainian, Dmytro the current Slovenian Prime sources of shipments to Slovenia. Streshynsky. Minister, and the top officials of The first ship, the Sabine, arrived in Another ship, the Island, deliv- several Balkan states played a April 1992, delivering weapons to ered 96 containers with ammuni- crucial role in the illegal deals. The Koper, which at that time was the tion over several trips in autumn information they found triggered only Balkan port that was not under 1992. The cargo manifest and the the first international investigation international control. It was loaded documents from port authorities № 9 (32) june 2012|the ukrainian week|13 Politics|arms trade show that not only did it arrive in Zhukov and Leonid Lebedev were more information on the Koper and was unloaded there, but taken to court in Italy as part of the involvement of Ukrainian officials also confirmed that the containers big international investigation. in the deals? with Ukrainian ammunition BZ: The Slovenian police were BZ: No direct proof was found crossed the border between Slove- also interested in Streshynsky at of Marchuk’s involvement in the nia and Croatia. The only ship that the time. We have a copy of the in- scams. I must say, though, that we left Ukraine but did not arrive at quiry to the Ukrainian police but only publish something when we Koper was the Jadran Express. It we don’t know how the latter re- have not even two, but at least was halted by NATO, which confis- sponded. three sources to support it. The cated the cargo. MS: This was one of the most fact that the Island delivered important documents we used to weapons from Ukraine was proven UW: Is the information you decode data on cash transfers to by bank accounts, documents from discovered really new? For the Streshynsky. However, the Slove- the parliamentary investigation in last 20 years, no-one knew that nian police did not continue the in- Slovenia and Streshynsky’s testi- so many weapons were delivered vestigation. A former chief of Slove- mony in court. It has to be said to Slovenia. nian police once admitted that they that no source, other than the lat- MS: I think nobody found the could not dig too deep into a case ter, mentions Marchuk. connection until now. The interna- involving another country. They MS: We focused on what was tional scandal broke after the Jadran wanted to convict the executors, happening in the Balkans, so we Express was captured. It started be- leaving the “big fish” alone. couldn’t go into much detail about cause of just one ship, although we Russia, Ukraine and Bulgaria. discovered that it was the last of the UW: In 2002, an Italian court BZ: But, it was important for eight ships involved. It was one of sentenced Streshynsky to 11 us to show that arms trading is big the biggest ones, too, carrying 133 months of probation and a politics, not just some mafia ma- containers worth USD 22mn. At symbolic fine of a few hundred nipulation. How can a criminal least, that was the amount trans- euros. Are you tracking his group possibly steal an entire ship ferred before the ship left the port. current activities? with such cargo and transfer it BZ: Streshynsky lives in Mos- through the Dardanelles in such a UW: An investigation by a cow. He is the director at Arsenal, a way that not a single patrol notices Ukrainian parliamentary plant that makes miniature replicas it? This is state business and the committee undertaken in the late of firearms. I’ve also seen a picture people involved in it use the mafia 1990s, that was closed down of him holding a miniature golden to cover things up. quickly, revealed that Ukraine gun in a newspaper in one of the MS: You can’t compare it to the ended up owning 1/3 of soviet Gulf States. He sells them for several drug trade. Drugs can be sold by indi- arms, with an estimated value of vidual government officials, for in- USD 90bn in 1992. Over the stance, not the state itself, but in the subsequent six years, more than it was important for us to case of weapons, the involvement of 30% of the ammunition and show that arms trading is top officials cannot be denied. equipment, worth USD 32mn, was essentially stolen and sold big politics, not just some UW: How would you describe to illegally. What amounts are we mafia manipulation Ukrainians the consequences talking about in terms of the caused by illegally sold weapons trade between Kyiv and Ljubljana thousand dollars each as little toys in the Balkan violence, 20 years and who got the money? for wealthy sheikhs. That’s how the after the fact? BZ: All business with the circle closes. All in all, we can say BZ: It’s very simple. Until 1991, Ukrainian party was conducted that most of the people mentioned Yugoslavia had the best living stan- through Scorpion International in our book that were involved in the dards in the former socialist states. Services. By the way, its owner, illegal arms trade are all feeling Today, Bosnia and Kosovo have Konstantinos Dafermos, still has pretty good today. For instance, the turned into the black hole of Europe, an office in downtown Vienna. ex-chief of Slovenian military intel- with debts, refugees and educated Dmytro Streshynsky was the sec- ligence headed a carrier company people leaving their homeland be- ond intermediary. Based on Scor- that recently invested EUR 140mn cause of the wars and arms trade. All pion’s accounts, USD 86mn was in the construction of a terminal at this leads to blood money and cor- paid by Slovenian, Croatian and one of the logistic terminals in Mos- ruption, the side effect of which is Bosnian buyers from September cow. the death of people. According to the 1991 till September 1993. Of this estimates of international monitor- amount, about USD 40mn was UW: During Streshynsky’s trial, ing entities, one third of the biggest paid to the Ukrainian party. USD the Ukrainian authorities insisted corrupt deals are in arms trade, in- 7mn was given directly to Global that he was a fraudster using volving top government officials. Technologies International Inc., fake documents to deliver Still, human lives matter more. In registered by Dmytro Streshynsky weapons to the Balkans with the August 1994, Nikša Župa, one of the in Panama. help of the Russian mafia. closest suppliers of Konstantinos MS: It is important to mention Obviously, Streshynsky denied Dafermos, was killed. He was flying the fate of Dmytro Streshynsky, everything, claiming that Yevhen to a Bosnian city from Pula in a the key intermediary after NATO Marchuk, the then Minister of Ukrainian AN-24. The pilot was halted the Jadran Express. He and Defense, was aware of what he Bosnian but the five crew members Russian businessmen Aleksandr was doing. Did you discover any were Ukrainians. They all died. 14|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012 arms trade|Politics MS: Vadym Prymachenko, the BZ: With Patria, three countries then Consul General of Ukraine to including Slovenia, Finland and Bosnia and Herzegovina, was later , established a united team, appointed Ambassador in Slove- unprecedented in modern Europe. nia. We tried to find out from him They are all conducting separate tri- how the subsequent investigation als at the same time. Finland is look- ended. In a short email, he replied ing into the case of those paying the that he didn’t know the outcome. bribe – specifically, Patria. Austria is The most important thing is that dealing with the intermediaries, i.e. the families of the five crew mem- companies and entities that trans- bers killed in the plane crash have ferred cash through offshore ac- yet to learn what actually hap- counts. Slovenia is investigating the pened. Apparently, Župa was sell- recipients of said bribes, including ing weapons to both parties to the officials who were in power in the conflict and lost his life as a result, early 1990s. One of the five people but he was not the only one to die. being sued is Janez Janša, the cur- BZ: This was not the only rent Prime Minister of Slovenia, an plane from Ukraine. We are plan- EU member-state. The trial started ning to write more about a Ukrai- in Austria in January 2012 and we nian Il-76 delivering weapons to a can’t wait to hear the verdict as the Slovenian airport from Sudan, but prosecution partly used the same it was actually owned by a Hungar- evidence that we have. ian company. MS: A recent survey in Slove- nia showed that only 10% of the UW: All the deals involving the population thinks that our Prime top officials that you mentioned Minister will be held liable. are illegal, since they were made Matej Šurc and eryone has a skeleton in the closet. despite the embargo. Would Blaž Zgaga But the book sells well. UW: Which influential people there have been a case if there researched outside Slovenia could find your hadn’t been an embargo? 6,000 UW: Has anyone sued you? investigation harmful? BZ: The arms embargo can be documents, col­­ BZ: Not yet, but there have BZ: Our trilogy touches many laborated with viewed as a positive move that their colleagues been new threats, much more seri- important people at the Croatian supposedly halted the weapons from six more ous threats. Democratic Union. We have proof of flow. But we show in our book that countries MS: Someone called my Vladimir Šeks, Prosecutor General it’s not that simple. According to to find the mother-in-law from an unidenti- under Franjo Tudman, getting weap- SIPRI, a Swedish centre that looks evidence fied number and told her, “Is Matej ons free of charge, while General into these issues, the ban only per- your son-in-law? Oh, then he’ll be Martin Špegelj, ex-Minister of De- tained to seven African countries dead because of what he writes.” fense, received truckloads of weap- until 1991. Later Croatia, Bosnia Needless to say, we turned to the ons. This could be a signal that the and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Mace- police. supply of these types of goods to Cro- donia and Yugoslavia were added atia and Bosnia was an international to the list. The war was in full UW: Was it similar to how Finnish operation by the special services of swing and the defense ministries journalist Magnus Berglund was different countries. According to of these newly-declared republics intimidated a few years ago, documents on the transfer of assets did everything possible to obtain when he prepared a TV program­ and debts, Serbia got virtually all the weapons, legally or illegally. With ­me for Finland, with your weapons of the Yugoslavian People’s the embargo in place, they could assistan­­ce, about Janez Janša, Army that included 220,000 tons of only get it on black markets, which the current Slovenian Prime ammunition and explosives, while was a direct path to corruption. Minister and thenM inister of Slovenia received 10,000 tons and Meanwhile, many countries in the Defense, and top officials getting its leaders immediately handed it West and East had a lot of weap- bribes from Patria, a Finnish arms over to Croatia. Serbia used all of its ons and were willing to cash in. producer, for a contract to buy reserves in the first three months of Prices skyrocketed. If it hadn’t armoured vehicles? the conflict while the war went on for been for the embargo, the process BZ: I did help Magnus with his years. I find it scary to think about would perhaps have been more investigation in 2008 and received the amount of weapons we’re talking transparent and less money would an anonymous threat. A week ear- about here. According to our esti- have ended up in the hands of in- lier, he discovered that the left mates alone, 20 ships with ammuni- termediaries. frond tyre on his car was unloos- tion and explosives arrived in Koper, ened. which is no coincidence. A vessel de- UW: How did top officials and law parting from Poland has to first cross enforcers react to your book, UW: The Patria case has been the Baltic Sea, enter the territorial after all, you revealed some under investigation for three waters of and Denmark, illegal activities? years now. How different is the cross the North Sea, the English MS: Nothing has actually hap- process in Finland, which is Channel, and pass Europe and Gi- pened because any attempt to deny considered to be one of the least braltar. Surely this offers plenty of something will cause a domino ef- corrupt states in the world, from opportunities to check what is on fect, so it’s better to hush it up. Ev- the process in Slovenia? board the vessel? № 9 (32) june 2012|the ukrainian week|15 security|expert opinion The Difficult Path to the Security Reform Author: resident Yanukovych’s ad- ways with the soviet totalitarian 2007 – 2009. Yanukovych’s ad- Maksym ministration has recently in- principle. ministration attempted to alleviate Bugriy, tensified its activity in the Ukraine’s security sector trans- the pressure applied by Russia and International Preformation of the country’s formations were largely shaped and traded security concessions for eco- Institute of security sector. The reform steps financially supported under the nomic benefits – which turned out Business include management changes in framework of Ukraine’s partner- to be provisional – by entering the the power Ministries of the Interior ship with NATO. In a way, April 2010 “gas–for–fleet” accords and Defense, the Security Service Ukraine’s NATO integration was with Russia and legally institution- and the National Security and De- viewed as the driving force behind alizing the concept of a “non–bloc fense Council, the establishment of the changes for the officers of the state”. the Committee for the Reform of Armed Forces, the Border Guards, the Armed Forces and the Mili- and other power ministries and Enthusiasm and tary–Industrial Complex. The pace civil servants that participated in Vulnerability of reform is very slow. The corner- the Ukraine–NATO partnership The Yanukovych administration stone strategic planning and man- program. This facilitated the appeared to have boosted security agement document – the draft Na- change in the organizational cul- sector reform in 2010 and early tional Security Strategy – was pre- ture. The cohort of ‘Western– 2011. Reform efforts were focused pared back in 2010, but it has only minded’ professional national secu- on strategic planning and naturally recently been approved by the Pres- rity managers and experts emerged followed the tradition initiated by ident. This article examines the rea- in the security and defense sector previous governments. Two impor- sons for the slow pace of reform and burgeoning civil society institu- tant documents were drafted: the and suggests that the problems tions and continue to influence pol- Strategic Defense Bulletin by the stem from the system of “national icy-making to this day. Ministry of Defense upon the com- values” wherein “national security” On the other hand, the pace of pletion of the second Defense Re- is still largely associated with “State security sector reform was geo–po- view (the first was in 2004) and the Security”. litically affected by Russia. draft National Security Strategy Ukraine’s NATO integration led to that was prepared by the National Background a confrontation with Russia that Institute for Strategic Studies To a certain extent, Ukraine’s secu- peaked during the August 2008 (NISS) to replace the 2007 docu- rity and defense sector enjoyed a Russia–Georgia war, which divided ment. The policy-making process successful history of reforms under Ukraine’s EU partners’ attitudes, was increasingly public. The draft the previous administrations of with Germany and France blocking National Security Strategy was pre- Presidents Kravchuk, Kuchma, and Ukraine’s NATO Membership Ac- pared by NISS in discussions with Yushchenko. First and foremost, tion Plan at the Bucharest NATO Ukrainian and international ex- when Ukraine became an indepen- Summit in December 2008. perts, while Strategic Defense Re- dent country in 1991, the country’s Ukraine’s security sector services view concepts were also discussed security system in essence parted deteriorated significantly, particu- publicly. It was believed that these larly during the financial crisis of documents would become law quite Crimes committed using Premeditated Premeditated soon. The National Security De- firearms and attempted murder grievous bodily harm fense Council resolved to speed up the process, sealed by Yanukovych’s 422 117 17 Decree in December 2011. But the

011 drafting and coordination process 2 14% 43% 240% took too long and it was only re- 370 82 5 cently reported that the Strategy had been approved by the Presi- 010

2 -10% -18% -62% dent, although further work has to 410 100 be done prior to completion. 13 The slowdown in the reform of 009

2 32% 19% 44% the security sector can be explained by several factors. The first is a new 84 311 9 environmental situation whereby

008 the authorities’ vision of a non– 2 0% Year by year acceleration rate bloc state was confronted with NATO–oriented government secu- Overall, recorded crime in Ukraine was especially rising in crisis years, even though the Mini ry of Internal rity experts that had to “adjust” Affairs ati ics show the slowdown in 2011. Source: MIA their thinking. Using the manage- 16|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012 expert opinion|security ment studies perspective, this re- ”policing” segment of security. The defining and supreme value for the sembles the conflict of “authority” violent crime trend is growing. human is him(her) self and his(her) and “knowledge” which manage- Whereas 140 bank assaults were re- life. Thus, a person is the basic ele- ment expert Ichak Azides described ported in Ukraine in 2011, this year ment of all subsystems that form in his recent Twitter post: “I have the robbery rate has accelerated. As the national security system. often found that when there is dis- a challenge to public safety, the four But the humanist values in integration, those who have the au- explosions in rubbish bins in Dni- Ukraine were suppressed by the thority to say ‘yes’ and ‘no’ often propetrovsk on 27 April 2012, in- years of the soviet and Russian Em- lack the power to implement their juring 30 people, raised concerns pire’s legacy that cemented the sys- decisions – nor do they necessarily both in Ukraine and abroad over tem of values dominated by State have the knowledge to make good the reliability of Ukraine’s security Security, not people security. Inter- decisions. Conversely, those who system. Statistical data show an in- estingly, Volodymyr Gorbulin and have the information and knowl- crease in recorded armed crime: Oleksandr Lytvynenko found the edge lack the power or the author- Overall, recorded crime in fundamental presence of the out- ity. Worst of all, those who have the Ukraine increased significantly in dated term “state security” in power to undermine decisions of- crisis years, even though the Minis- Ukraine’s Constitution, Article 17. ten have little or no knowledge con- It is very tempting to reduce State cerning those decisions.” Second is Security to serving and protecting the issue of government priorities True security sector those with power and money. The and limited management re- reform will be successful presence of this system is very visi- sources. In 2011, probably the ef- ble in today’s Ukraine: in politi- forts of the vast majority of govern- if reformists rely on cally–motivated prosecution, the ment analysts was directed towards Ukrainian traditional harassment of businesses by tax au- fixing country’s finances, relations thorities, motorcades of protected with Russia and energy security, values that are similar to senior state officials that cause and trade negotiations with the EU, modern democratic values gridlocks, cases of abuse at police while less attention was devoted to stations, court bans of peaceful pro- the security sector. The third im- try of Internal Affairs’ statistical tests motivated by “national secu- portant factor was apparently the data shows a deceleration of this rity” considerations, the monopoly absence of significant external se- trend in 2011. of the police and not private guards curity threats to Ukraine, that This dynamics is troubling if to carry firearms and the political would have prompted the govern- Ukrainian trends are compared appointment of loyalists to key ment to speed up its reform. with EU data where the crime posts in the security sector. True se- Ideologically, a new vision for trends decreased noticeably in curity sector reform will be success- Ukraine emerged and was legally 2006 – 2009. (Crime and Criminal ful if reformists rely instead on stipulated. The concept of Ukraine Justice 2006 - 2009). Ukrainian traditional values that as a “non-bloc” state was a hasty so- are similar to modern democratic lution to the concern of Ukraine be- The Key Challenge values: personal freedom, taking ing in a ‘grey zone’ of security. But One could attribute the slow pace of care of the family, democratic gov- it did not actually calm this fear. security reform to the complexity of ernance, entrepreneurship and re- The government seems to be lean- government management and the spect for private property, and of ing towards the vision of a ‘non– lack of coordination among various course patriotism and the virtue of bloc’ Ukraine as a self-sufficient government agencies. But the service for public good. The manag- provider of security, reliant on its greater problem seems to be the ers that promote these values are own resources and developing co- lack of a key pillar of strategic man- leaders that will sooner or later operation relations with all key re- agement value-based leadership. carry out the suspended reform as gional players: “…on a bilateral and According to Volodymur Gorbulin well as other reforms needed for multilateral basis (particularly with and Anatoliy Kachynsky, it is these this country. Such successful re- NATO and CSTO) and gaining values that are the most important form will be possible in an open membership in the EU” (as O. Mar- element in the “security triad” of Ukraine, carried out by leaders that keeva said). Because of the scarcity national values – goals and inter- enjoy the support of a broad soci- of resources available to Ukraine, at ests. In the system of values, “The etal coalition. the same time, it is forced to limit its military power to resolving bor- Total number of regi ered crimes Crimes again property Crimes in the business seor der conflicts and leaving relations with world powers to diplomats. 011 515,833 10,246

2 339,326 Discussions continue on the size of 3% 7% 19% the army Ukraine should have and priority is given to financing the de- 010 500,902 318,216 8,601 fense sector and streamlining the 2 military–industrial complex. 15% 31% 5% While perhaps Ukraine’s secu-

009 434,678 242,766 8,176 rity community’s most popular 2 topic for discussion is Vladimir Pu- 13% -5% tin’s policy on Ukraine, what seems 0% Year by year acceleration rate to be overlooked is the increasing 008 384,424 8,638 level of crime and violence in the 2 Source: MIA № 9 (32) june 2012|the ukrainian week|17 security|edward chow The Ukrainian authorities Energy Solutions seem to put themselves in an ever worse position

the region at large. The fact is that the solutions are within the control of the Ukrainian government. The solutions are quite well-known to Ukrainian authorities. They have been discussed exhaustively with both the Europeans and the Ameri- cans over the last 20 years. What is missing includes the political will in Kyiv as well the organizational capa- bilities there to reform its energy policy. Once Ukraine makes the de- cision to conduct reforms, interested outside groups can offer the assis- tance that Ukraine requires. The first priority is to normalize its en- ergy relations with Russia, which the president has clearly not done. In April 2010 the agree- ment prolonged the bad practices of the past, rather than striking a new path, that would lead to normaliza- tion and having regular business re- lations with Russia. It was related to other political issues that are not di- rectly connected with energy, which can destabilize energy agreements rather than help them. In spite of the rhetoric of the gas price discount in relation to the Kharkiv agree- ment, this will never happen. U.W.: Do you see increased domestic gas extraction as a Interviewer: kraine’s energy sector never ward Chow, a well-known interna- solution? Zhanna stops to buzz with super-im- tional energy expert, who has advised Investors need to understand Bezpiatchuk portant news. One day, Vik- four different Ukrainian govern- what gas pricing is going to be based Utor Yanukovych arranges for ments. In February 2012, he took on. Right now the gas pricing system gas cooperation with Turkmenistan’s part in “Ukraine at the Crossroads: is disadvantageous for the produc- president. The next –the government What’s at Stake for the US and Eu- ers of domestic gas, which is why announces another effort to turn rope?”, the latest hearing on Ukraine Ukrainian gas production has re- NJSC Naftogaz, EnergoAtom or in the Subcommittee on European mained stagnant for the last 20 UkrEnergo into joint stock compa- Affairs of the U.S. Senate Committee years. The gas produced in Ukraine nies as Russia cast its eye on them. on Foreign Relations. The Ukrai- is at a disadvantage compared to gas Alternatively, the government pro- nian Week talked to Mr. Chow, that is imported, which is the exact poses that foreign investors seeking who expressed his view on Ukraine’s opposite of what the case is in most to extract shale gas in Ukraine set up energy problems. countries. The latter actually dis- a joint enterprise with the obscure criminate against importing gas and SPK-GeoService. On top of all this is U.W.: What was the key message favor of domestic gas. So, Ukraine, the uncertainty of gas talks with Rus- that you delivered at the hearings particularly in view of current gas sia, where Ukraine has apparently on Ukraine to the Senate prices, should be producing a lot exhausted all its arguments. “If you committee? more gas than it does today. And all were to design an energy system that They wanted to hear about the geologists inside and outside promotes corruption, it might look energy situation in Ukraine, which is Ukraine tell me that Ukraine can very much like Ukraine’s,” says Ed- critical not only for Ukraine, but for easily be producing 50 % more gas 18|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012 edward chow|security than it is at present. The price of do- BIO Let’s go back to the very begin- mestic gas is in the neighborhood of Edward Chow, a U.W.: EBRD and EIB are not rushing ning. Every country can decide that senior fellow in USD 40-50 per thousand cubic me- the Energy and to give new loans to Naftogaz as a foreign investor can be the part- ters. At the same time Ukraine is im- National Security they are waiting for its ner of a state-owned company, for porting gas at USD 400 per thou- Program at CSIS, corporatization. But, the previous example, Naftogaz. The state pro- sand cubic meters. So, the domestic is an interna- attempt ended in failure. And what vides a foreign investor with a li- producer does not have an incentive tional energy ex- could happen if such a government cense to hopefully explore the re- to invest money in gas production pert with more monopoly runs out of credit sources that belong to the state. because it is getting less than the than 30 years of resources? The fact that there is state partici- market price. experience in the I never believed that the EBRD pation through a national energy oil industry, in- and EIB would invest in the Ukrai- company is quite normal. When a U.W.: A popular viewpoint is that cluding 20 years at Chevron. He nian pipeline system, no matter who state involves a specific local pri- foreign or national investment in has worked in is in power, Yushchenko, Tymosh- vate partner, this is most unusual. domestic gas production and a Asia, the Middle enko or Yanukovych. None of these In the case of a state company, the parallel increase in price will not East, Africa, development banks take business state is setting a condition to get li- solve the problem. There is a South America, risks. It was just empty talk from the cense. And a foreign company un- ceiling for raising utility fees. Europe, and the very beginning by both the Europe- derstands what a state is contribut- According to FirstV ice Premier former Soviet ans and the Ukrainian governments ing and providing. A foreign inves- Valeriy Khoroshkovsky, even if Union. He has supporting them, since Naftogaz tor is going to invest technical raised, they would not cover the developed policy and Ukrtransgaz will never be able capacity, money, managerial capa- full original price of gas. Moreover, and business to execute the conditions being im- bilities. What then is this private lo- the government would have to strategy and suc- cessfully negoti- posed, even if they are corporatized. cal partner providing? Does it have subsidize a big part of the ated complex, The conditions set forth would es- technical capability that applies to population. multibillion-dol- sentially be a sovereign guarantee this project? If the project costs, I think that this is a false argu- lar international on the part of Ukraine. At present, say, USD 100mn, can it contribute ment. Today your economy is subsi- business ven- Ukraine is experiencing difficult re- an equal share? Would it contribute dizing highly priced imports from tures. Mr. Chow lations with the IMF. So, in the last USD 10mn into the project in cash Russia. You don’t need a USD 400 specializes in oil two years, the Ukrainian govern- or in another form, or do things domestic gas price. You can allow and gas invest- ment has put itself into a position that a foreign investor cannot do it- yourself a price of USD 100 for it, ments in emerg- whereby it has barely any lending self? A foreign investor that is going which will lead to increased domes- ing economies. capacity left. Ukraine goes to Rus- to come in would be concerned tic gas production. If the domestic sian banks to borrow money for about this. This is too messy. They production price is allowed to in- Russian gas. The Russians are don’t know who these people are. crease, it won’t go up to USD 400. happy to accumulate Ukrainian They might be subjecting them- This does not have to be done before debt. One day they will come to col- selves to accusations of corruption providing more incentives to people lect. And Ukraine won’t have the in their own country. to re-invest in the production of means to pay. The only thing left is even more gas. As an energy expert for the Russians to decide what as- U.W.: Could Ukraine take I’m very concerned about the fact sets they want in order to have this advantage of promoting the Trans- that domestic gas prices are regu- debt repaid. So, this government is Caspian Pipeline that could be lated at too low a price, which is digging itself a very deep hole, par- connected to one of theE uropean causing domestic production to de- ticularly in the energy sector. It pipelines along with cline or stagnate. In theory, this gas sounds like a joke that Ukraine is Turkmenistan? should go to the population and going to import gas from Slovakia, A short answer is no. The objec- state entities. In reality it is creating Romania or Turkey. And the fact tive of those who are seriously con- a ‘grey market’ for domestic gas. that authoritative news services are sidering building pipelines, includ- And it is the route and cause of reporting this, is very indicative of ing Europeans talking about Na- large-scale corruption in the gas sec- the poor understanding of the sub- bucco and other pipelines, is to tor. If you price domestic gas at, for ject. It does not help your govern- bypass Ukraine, not enter Ukraine. example, USD 50 and allow the im- ment and, more importantly, So, this is more political theater as port of gas at USD 400, then very Ukraine. The LNG Terminal in far as I am concern. There are a lot quickly some enterprising people Odessa and shale gas will not help of hurdles facing the Trans-Caspian will appear, who will magically Ukraine in the short-term either. Pipeline, connecting Turkmenistan transform domestic gas into im- These solutions, even assuming that with Azerbaijan. But Ukraine has ported gas and trade it to individual they are possible, will take five to ten the advantage of geographic loca- people with the “right” political con- years to accomplish. tion. Even if these projects are im- nections. There are a lot of people plemented, it will be in the future. who do not want the current system U.W.: Recently, the Ukrainian The government has to attend to the to change because they are making a Edward Chow government decided that foreign things that are within its control lot of money from it. Of course, will speak companies seeking to explore right now, instead of worrying about these reforms are not going to be about Ukraine's shale gas in Ukraine have to enter things that may or may not happen prospects into a joint venture with Nadra easy. You will need to have three- to of energy ten years from now. I can under- five-year programs to get to the po- independence Ukrainy, (Ukraine’s Deposits), a stand that Ukrainians want to par- sition of having market prices for at the Ye state-owned company, and a little- ticipate in construction projects domestic and imported gas. But Bookstore (3, known local company called SPK- there. But I strongly doubt that the Ukraine has to want to begin to vul. Lysenka, GeoService. Is that an acceptable Trans-Caspian Pipeline could rescue move down that path. Kyiv), at 6 p.m. approach in international practice? Ukraine’s dire gas situation. № 9 (32) june 2012|the ukrainian week|19 neighbours|bernard kouchner A Cure for Foreign Affairs

Bernard Kouchner, former French Foreign Minister: fortunately, it started completely the same. The Russians and the Chinese "If you want to live in a better world, are opposed. You can’t act like in it's all possible in the EU" Iraq, but we should go through the UN Security Council. And we went Interviewer: U.W.: You are famous for your time that they were in fact using there with regard to Libya. But even Zhanna concept of humanitarian your concept? with all our efforts it was not possi- Bezpiatchuk intervention. - He said so, but it was not true ble to get a positive vote on Syria. The right to interfere. Now this that it was my concept. The right Why? Because of Tibet on the Chi- is not only my preoccupation but to intervene must come from the nese side and Chechnya and other the UN also wants to stop massa- international community. And Caucasus republics on the Russian cres before they actually begin. normally we see South Ossetia as a side. And I blame the Russians and This is a problem. It means pre- Russian preoccupation. So, they the Chinese for not accepting the ventative action. But it has never were alone. And Sarkozy and I need to participate in stopping the been real preventative action ex- were very active at that time. We massacre. cept in the case of Macedonia. rushed there and I saw that it was It's not a funny game. It is al- useful to tell people not only in ways very difficult to convince peo- U.W.: When the Georgian-Russian Tbilisi but also in Moscow to stop. ple. And we did it more or less be- conflict flared in 2008, Russians So, this peace enforcement was a cause today the Syrian government called their invasion “peace sort of intervention. We called signed a document to give freedom enforcement”. Is it true that upon the Georgian people to stop of movement to UN observers in- Vladimir Putin told you at that bombing the town of Tskhinvali. side its country. This is a very the- Afterwards, I met refugees myself. oretical signature as the bombing I went to the other side of the Cau- is still going on. So, what then? It casus before Sarkozy and met with was not enough, but it is better refugees, the Russians and former than not doing anything. We’ll see Russians. They were suffering. I if by chance we can reach the suf- invented this universal concept of fering population with some the right to interfere now as re- means and protection. sponsibility to protect. That’s very important. It should be preven- U.W.: But do you not think that tion; it is not about going to war. It when we get full information is to avoid the possibility of war about the scale of the tragedy in but in the name of the interna- Homs, that democratic countries tional community, in the name of might feel sorry for missing time UN, always. And Russians did not and not interfering? In 1932-1933 do that. when the Famine in Ukraine was taking place, the West knew that U.W.: Then what do you think something terrible was going on, about the situation in Syria? but it found numerous reasons to Should the West interfere do nothing. This is different, of since the human course, but the logic is similar. massacre has been - But we are trying to do some- going on there for a thing in terms of humanitarian in- long time already? volvement. That was Stalin. And - This is the same eight million died. I'm sorry, but I case as Libya. Un- hadn't been born yet and hadn't in- vented the right to interfere. But yes, we remember those massacres and famines. I was not inventing my concept from afar but I was in the middle of it and saw the blood. I was a medical doctor, a surgeon, so I know what I am talking about. And we are trying. Let me tell you something. First, there is much less war than 25 years ago, and it’s im- bernard kouchner|neighbours portant that two blocs are not con- bio the responsibility we can because were strongly against it, and we fronting each other as they used to. Bernard it was ridiculous not to be on the did our best, and we were sort of a There was the massacre of Hama Kouchner inside and yet send soldiers every good player. But, of course, we committed by the father of Bashar was born on time to every mission. So, we did have to convince them to withdraw Assad in Syria when 20,000– 1 November well. We tried to be useful and play their troops. 25,000 people died; and we did 1939 in Avignon. our role. nothing. The Americans, the British He studied gas- U.W.: Can the project of a United troenterology at U.W.: Can we expect new activity Europe be finished and complete — no-one. Now we are trying to do Sorbonne, work- something. I know it is not enough. ing as a physi- from France in Eastern Europe or without Ukraine? In Georgia in 2008, we succeeded cian at Biafra, a the Caucasus, for instance? - No. But you have to fulfil the in stopping the invasion. But the self-proclaimed - We can’t do everything at the conditions. It depends on democ- occupation is still there. And I’ve republic in Nige- same time. But we were active also racy in Ukraine. I’m very happy to been negotiating in Geneva for ria that existed in Europe, not just in Central and talk about that. It has to do with years. The Russians signed the doc- from 1967 to Eastern Europe. We were very ac- the cost of the large expansion we ument but they did not respect it at 1970, and in Leb- tive in Greece. We were very ac- committed to with the Eastern all, just like the Syrians do not re- anon during the tive, in my opinion, too much European countries. It was a bit spect their document. Civil War. In 1971, against Turkey. As for the Cauca- too fast for many our citizens in Mr. Kouchner founded Docto- sus, we were involved in Georgia. the 17 EU countries, and now U.W.: In 2008, France played a ers Without Bor- And we are still involved. And we there are 27 of us. It was very proactive role in settling the ders, leaving it in can talk about the Caucasus and hard. We don’t have to rush. We Georgian-Russian conflict. Then it 1980 to set up the Black Sea region. France can’t are also experiencing a strong fi- seemed that the intensity of its Physicians for take the world in its hands. We are nancial crisis. Do we consider a foreign policy in the region Peace. In 1987, not the biggest country in the United Europe to be a sort of gar- waned. In 2011, Paris revitalized he published his world. We did exactly what we den, a particular place in the its role as an active geopolitical book titled were able to do. world that we don’t have to en- player in relation to Libya. It Le Devoir large? Or do we consider it to be looks like this support comes in d'Ingerence (The U.W.: When countries like France an example for the rest of the Obligation to In- waves, as if there is a special terfere). In 1988, or Germany do not pursue active world? In this case of course, focus on crisis management. he started his ca- foreign policy in Eastern Europe Ukraine may come, too. Why not? We were active, yes. Before reer at the social- or are ready to concede it to But this is impossible right now, this was the time of president ist government someone else, Russia comes and because they are not democratic. Jacques Chirac. It was the end of and entered restores its influence. This is In time they might change. Tur- his second mandate, and he was their party. In actually going on again right now key was a problem. I’m in favour not so active. That’s true. Now we 1997-1999 and and Ukraine is in the middle of it. of Turkey becoming a member of are coming back to some activity. 2001-2002 Mr. - Yes, absolutely. Russia is our the EU. And Sarkozy was not. My But you know that as one of the Kouchner was neighbour. We have to maintain answer is that it is up to you. It Health Care Min- permanent members of the UN Se- ister at Lionel and establish good relations with will depend on you. Certainly, the curity Council, we used to play Jospin's Cabinet. Russia. This is an obvious thing. best way to join the EU is to prove such a role. We were very active in Over 1999-2001, Were we too much in favour of that you are with us in terms of setting up the European area. We he was the UN's Dmitry Medvedev who at the be- democracy, human rights, the were very active when Nicolas Sar- Special Repre- ginning of his mandate looked like rule of law and so on. kozy came to power and when he sentative in he was more of an open person asked me to be involved as a for- Kosovo. In May than Putin? From my point as a U.W.: But do you see such things eign minister in European affairs. 2007-November foreign minister I believe that I in Ukraine now? Tymoshenko is We tried to do our best. We were 2010, he served was not totally, but partially, in prison, Lutsenko is in prison… not always excellent because after as Foreign Affairs wrong. Medvedev was not playing And I can keep counting… Minister at two starting, we were too much in fa- cabinets headed an important role, but in terms of - I am not Ukrainian. It’s up to vour of Bashar Assad and Gaddafi, by François Fillon social involvement, human rights, you to answer. Is the Ukrainian etc. So, I protested. I was not a etc, he was more open. Apart from government on the right path? No. president. I was just a foreign min- that, now we are strongly against And we are very tough against ister. But we were as active as pos- the Russian position on Syria. Sar- that. We can accept new members. sible in Lebanon. We succeeded kozy made a strong statement on We can’t accept all the demands. I with the Doha agreement. Every- this. We are not always in agree- was a UN representative in body was trying to make some sort ment like on Georgia. Was it pos- Kosovo. Croatia, Serbia and other of peace agreement between the sible to start a war against the Rus- Balkan countries were bleeding. Palestinians and the Israelis and to sian army? No. We have to succeed Today Croatia has been accepted. set up a Palestinian state. We were with diplomatic language, by sort Serbia has been accepted as a can- very active all over. We were very of pressuring international in- didate. And the rest will follow, in- active in Africa. We succeeded in volvement. This is not black or cluding Kosovo. If you want to set pushing the international commu- white. It is impossible that way. It up a better democracy and join a nity to organize fair and transpar- is very easy to demonstrate in the peaceful world, you can do it in- ent elections and control the vote street. I have done so personally side the EU because there is no in Guinea where there had been a thousands of times. And so, what possibility of any big fights. Hon- dictatorship for 55 years. We were then? Were we supposed to start a estly, it would be very difficult. We also active in China and we were war against Russia because they must all more or less talk and also negotiating with Russia. We invaded a little part of the little agree on common policies – both have to tackle these issues with all country South Ossetia? No. We economic and foreign. № 9 (32) june 2012|the ukrainian week|21 economics|projection for ukraine The Illusion of Macroeconomic Stability conomic growth is impossible Once applied to Ukraine, these in- and issuing direct loans to banks to the without macroeconomic stabil- dices reveal our instability. In the first tune of UAH 18.6 billion, while they re- ity. The latter is understood as half of 2011, we had super-high infla- ceived half of the sum (UAH 9.2 billion) Ethe stability of financial-mone- tion – about 12 per cent in annual fi­ in the previous 10 months. tary parameters of a national economy gures. In the second half, the prices of Second, the Ukrainian govern- in time. History knows no examples of consumer goods and services formally ment targeted inflation as the main countries experiencing dynamic devel- stayed put. (On a side note, this claim enemy of its financial policy and be- opment while their currency was a does not have much credibility, be- gan banning price hikes in 2011 in all monetary surrogate without popular cause reports of the State Statistics sectors in which prices are established trust. With any proportions and stimuli Author: Service are clearly manipulated to suit administratively. This included tariffs for macroeconomic redistribution, the Volodymyr the interests of the government.) The on services in natural and organisa- instability of money and prices erodes Lanovyi, bank interest rate shot up to 30 per tional monopolies: communications, value, rendering economic activity un- president of cent or more, a level we have not seen railroad, energy, housing and utilities, reliable and expected profits illusion- the Centre for in recent years. Loan issuance to enter- municipal transport, etc. At the same ary. Conversely, there are countries Market prises essentially halted for 4-5 time, the Minister of Infrastructure re- with extremely successful economic dy- Reforms and months. Only government contractors cently made a statement that namics which became possible when former were able to obtain large loans sounded ridiculous: he said that the their currency had stable purchasing Economy through state-owned banks, which ministry would not be charging more power. The exchange rate of the Hong Minister of used centralised resources from the for second-class seats in passenger Kong dollar has remained the same for Ukraine Cabinet of Ministers and the National carriages. So does this mean they will six decades now, and the economic Bank of Ukraine. raise them for sleeping and third-class successes of this Asian tiger are well- Inflation was partly curbed carriages? documented. Germany experienced through forceful administrative meth- Inflation does not end simply by rapid growth exactly when its mark ods. First, the NBU was given a strict suppressing the objective movement had a fixed exchange rate: in the command to limit demand for money of prices. Instead, it becomes latent. 1950s and 1960s and then in the from enterprises and citizens. Thus, it The unnatural dynamics of prices 1980s. But in the 1920s, when Deutsch- made new hryvnia injections and ex- makes people anxious and causes marks devalued almost on an daily ba- tracted “extra” liquid assets owned by them to expect more rapid inflation in sis, Germany’s economy collapsed. banks. To do so, it used its own deposit the future. Indeed, the suppressed We have had our own experience certificates which were placed with fi- spring of inflation will eventually be re- of industrial output being dependent nancial institutions that had a surplus leased, causing hyperinflation. Ukraine on the stability of the Ukrainian of money. In this way, UAH 116.8 billion already has this kind of experience. currency. Ukraine's unsatisfactory was extracted within one year from Strangely, the current government is growth is largely caused by the finan- banks on varying terms. To compare, disregarding this and trying to restore cial-monetary turmoil it has experi- all bank deposits grew by less than the economy to the price regimen of enced. In the years of hyperinflation the soviet and early post-soviet era. (1992-96), Ukraine's economy plum- reports of the State Why was the State Committee for Pric- meted so low that we have not been ing revived? In order to again set prices able, in all this time, to bring it back Statistics Service are centrally? Are we also to expect the re- to its 1990 level. The 2008 drop in manipulated to suit the vival of the State Planning Committee the GDP was also caused by a sharp and ratio cards for people to buy “so- decline in the hryvnia’s value com- interests of the government cial” products? All of this points to pared to world currencies. helplessness and ignorance, even Stability can be defined as long- UAH 73 billion in the past year. More- though we cannot rule out a conscious term macroeconomic balance. In over, commercial financial institutions effort to restore centralised planning. other words, it is attained by an spent UAH 53.5 billion to purchase in- In conditions like these, monetary economy that remains balanced over ternal government bonds. This experi- stability is out of the question. It is se- time. Stability can be revealed using ment led to a crisis of the payment sys- cured only when a balance between several overall indices. The key in- tem – the treasury did not have demand and supply is achieved in mar- diced are inflation and the GDP defla- enough money on its accounts to kets, including goods and monetary tor, changes in the currency ex- make mandatory government pay- markets. The goods markets in Ukraine change rate and bank interest on ments in late September 2011. It also can hardly be called balanced. There is loans. There is a strong correlation caused interest on economic loans to no freedom of entrepreneurship, between these indicators: interest skyrocket. They became a rarity. This equality of participants’ rights, free cannot be low when the currency ex- was vulgar monetarism in action, pricing, competition, and so on. The change rate is plunging down or which only hurts the economy, causing balance of demand and supply must prices are skyrocketing. Thus, the fi- it to spiral down. The situation per- be attained also in all segments of the nancial-monetary stability, or its op- sisted until November after which the monetary markets: interbank, eco- posite, manifests itself through all NBU loosened the screws by discontin- nomic loans, personal loans, govern- these indices at the same time. uing its deposit certificates scheme ment bonds, deposits, corporate stock 22|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012 projection for ukraine|economics The Illusion of Macroeconomic Stability drawing by ihor lukianchenko by drawing

and foreign currency. However, govern- while, Ukraine's GDP grew by 46.3 per instability is constant as long as this ment bodies do not see the need to cent, from UAH 913.3 billion to UAH government is in office, because its ac- fulfil this task. On the contrary, through 1.335 trillion, in 2010-2011. But this tions are aimed at treating merely the centralised interference in the redistri- nominal growth was due largely to symptoms, rather than the causes, of bution of financial resources and estab- price increases (the deflator index was the malady and the causes behind lishing interest rates, they only move 33.4 per cent for two years) rather Ukraine's economic instability today the economy further away from the than to real GDP growth, which was at are plenty. state of monetary balance and hence 9.7 per cent. Thus, stability is a rosy For example, there are several monetary stability. dream at present. key causes behind the inflation rate, Instability makes the accumula- Mykola Azarov’s appeal to the Fi- which is one of the factors of stabil- tion of finances dangerous to their nance Minister Yuriy Kolobov was ity. For one, goods markets have been owners. But without surplus finances alarming: work with banks so they will totally monopolised, and this has only it is impossible to invest in production. find money to finance the bottomless been exacerbated in the past two Thus, the volatility of monetary value deficit of the government budget. It years, while pricing abuses have be- hampers the growth of capital assets, follows that this “sacred cow” will con- come even more brazen. Prices and forcing the economy to tread water. tinue to devour monetary resources of tariffs on products made by state- and Total investments in capital assets in the banking and credit system in view municipally-owned enterprises have Ukraine have not exceeded UAH 155 of the reigning monetary drought and been fixed administratively. (The gov- billion for three years now. Mean- distrust for the hryvnia. The threat of ernment made sure to secure their № 9 (32) june 2012|the ukrainian week|23 economics|projection for ukraine profitability by annual increases in a rarity on the market due to the fact price levels.) Prices for imported that the government takes out exces- goods, including energy, have gone sive loans and is inclined to issue up. Permanent increases in Russian emission-based loans to state-owned gas and fuel prices have had the larg- financial institutions. In 2012, these est impact here, and this process will distorting trends will be more marked. continue in 2012. Another reason is that separate The NBU is artificially increasing monetary markets are isolated with bank liquidity in hryvnias (even no self-regulation of inter-market though such regulations alternate flow. Different banks have unequal with their opposites) and money sup- rights in the markets in which they are ply. (It issues, and will continue to is- allowed or forced to operate. And sue, targeted loans to refinance par- these markets differ in their interest ticular banks beyond any reasonable rates (the rates on retail credits are limits and without any real grounds.) 2-3 times higher than those on inter- The government has taken out exces- nal government bonds), the availabil- sive foreign loans not intended for ity of resources and creditors, etc. making international payments. Unfortunately, reducing market in- These arrive on the internal currency terest rates is not a priority for the cur- market, causing a surplus of dollar rent government. Therefore, crediting supply. To maintain a stable currency the national economy is not going to exchange rate, the National Bank improve any time soon. buys this surplus, thus unjustifiably Panic on monetary markets also increasing the hryvnia supply on the erupts when the national currency market. exchange rate plummets abruptly or Is this current government capa- in an avalanche-like fashion. This is ble of preventing these trends from the third key factor of monetary in- driving up price inflation? It seems stability. Such falls occur in Ukraine that the source of foreign investments much more often and with an incom- to finance the budget deficit has been parably larger amplitude than any exhausted, and the government can- other country. Why did the 2008 fi- shrinking: our rates are three or even not simply satisfy its appetite for for- nancial crisis hit the currency ex- four times higher. Ukrainian territory eign currency. The government will try change rate in Ukraine more than remains unattractive to international to transform part of the price inflation any other country of the world? This financial mediators who prefer other into a hidden form, such as by freez- vulnerability is a consequence of economies of Central and Eastern Eu- ing housing and utility tariffs. Also, Ukraine being financially closed, rope. Foreign capital flow has almost the government may again choose to which essentially means it is isolated stopped, and we have to earn foreign cut bank liquidity in an administrative from the world monetary market. currency with our own efforts. No way and curtail demand for monetary Ukraine suffers from overregula- special progress has been made in resources. Thus, a more lively loans tion, and the government and the Na- this area. The foreign currency re- market is not to be expected. Of tional Bank are to blame. This over- serves in the banking sector are close course, this will jeopardise production regulation includes mandatory things to a critical low point, so there will be growth and will make it doubtful. like permits for banks to open foreign no remedial means available if for- However, the government can also be currency accounts, carry out interna- eign currency circulation is disrupted. expected to take the exact opposite tional foreign currency transfers and In light of all of the above, a shock steps, particularly artificially cranking loan and stock transactions, issue for- on world financial markets, such as up inflation in order to fill its empty eign currency loans and convert hryv- those in 1997-98 and 2008, would coffers. nias in other currencies. International lead to the following: international Another factor of instability is the credit, insurance, investment and loan capital and portfolio investments high interest on bank loans, which other companies must be licensed to would stop flowing to Ukraine’s econ- are inaccessible to most Ukrainians. operate in Ukraine. All of these and omy, while short-term investments The key and constant causes of the countless other administrative regula- would be urgently withdrawn and re- state of affairs are well-known: high tions and limitations that run against turned to international donor banks. In inflation, which necessitates ade- EU norms and standards set up barri- the second half of 2008, the net out- quate compensation (amortisation) ers to the free movement of interna- flow of bank and economic credits for financial assets which lose value tional capital and discriminate the op- from Ukraine exceeded $8 billion (over over time. (In 2012, interest rates will eration of foreign financial operators, 7% of the GDP) of which $4.5 billion also be fuelled by inflation expecta- stripping the currency market of its was short-term loans. In parallel, peri- tions of Ukrainians.) Second, loans convertibility, its guarantees and pre- odic reductions in the foreign currency are highly risky. The likelihood that dictability. supply occur on the internal market bank loans will be paid off remains Above all, this enhances the risks due to more dollars being bought by low. The situation is further compli- of foreign currency transactions for citizens from banks through the retail cated by a poor business climate and foreign investors, forcing them to es- network. For example, this amount administrative market regulation, chew long-term contracts and raising was more than $6.5 billion in 2008 which erodes the credibility of bank the cost of foreign loans. The differ- with October and November account- evaluations of projects and market- ence between interest rates in ing for half of the total. A lack of for- ing. Monetary-credit resources will be Ukraine and in the eurozone is not eign currency was catastrophic in these 24|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012 projection for ukraine|economics Nearly all of these components precipi- of demand and supply and non-inter- tate another fall of the hryvnia's ex- ference of administrative bodies in change rate, which appears to be un- pricing; elasticity of the market supply avoidable. Only a miracle, such as a of goods; value equivalence of ex- gift from the IMF or a rouble shower change, etc. Market relations need to from Moscow, can delay it until 2013, be secured in international trade; ex- but then the fall will be even steeper, ternal and internal gas markets need similar to what happened in 2008. to be united and a direct connection Therefore, all indices point to the has to be established between them. fact that monetary stability in Ukraine External energy sources need to be di- is not to be expected in the near fu- versified. The government must en- ture. The year 2012 is likely to be criti- courage and support Ukrainian exports cal. The is con- with the goal of having a constant sur- cerned exclusively with its own fiscal, plus of Ukraine's trade balance and ac- budgetary and loan priorities. Mean- cumulating international currency re- while, government officials themselves serves. are undermining the foundations of A balanced market monetary- macroeconomic stability. The govern- credit system needs to be formed in ment is counteracting private market which artificial administrative in- processes, unions, self-regulation and creases or decreases of bank liquidity balance on monetary markets, as well would be impossible, just like NBU as more intensive competition on loans to specially chosen, mostly state- goods markets. It is passive with re- owned, banks. Discrepancies between gard to the growing foreign trade and monetary markets need to be re- payment deficit and accruing debts. No moved, and an equilibrium should be steps are being taken to increase finan- secured among them. The risks associ- cial openness and harmonise our sys- ated with credit and deposit transac- tem with the European one, which tions need to go down. The country

drawing by ihor lukianchenko by drawing means that Ukraine will not be satu- has to switch to non-deficit budget fi- rated, as it needs to be, with capital on nancing and reduce the proportion of conditions, and the internal market ex- the level of highly developed countries. spending on centralised purchases and ploded. It should also be kept in mind that the investments, as well as limit govern- Thus, the key causes behind ava- financial crisis will peak in the Euro- ment international loans exclusively to lanche-like periodical devaluations of pean Union this year. the needs of importing high technol- the hryvnia are as follows: a perma- Instability of finances and prices ogy and servicing external debts. An nent foreign trade deficit, which neces- will hamper savings and accumulation open financial model of Ukraine's sitates additional foreign currency in- of capital. People are unlikely to have economy needs to be introduced jections to pay for imports; the high confidence in hryvnia bank deposits. It which would abandon orders, permits cost and limited volume of interna- and prohibitions regarding the inter- tional credits issued to Ukraine’s­­ econ- national movement of capital, inter- omy due to its financial impenetrability monetary stability national financial mediation, hryvnia and isolation and the extra-high risks in Ukraine is not to be conversion on bank accounts, issuing associated with foreign investments foreign currency credits, making for- here. Furthermore, international cre­­ expected in the near future eign-currency investments in the coun- dit-and-investment agreements are try, etc. The state needs to foster for- signed for the short term, allowing for- is easy to see that private investments eign investments; secure freedom in eign operators to reduce financial risks will not increase, either. Government investment activity, the openness of and quickly repatriate financial re- and municipal spending may be stock investments and liberal currency sources in shock periods. Direct foreign greatly curtailed, because 2012-13 will exchange; do away with limitations investments are limited as a result of be time to spend budget money to pay and regulations regarding private an unfavourable business climate. the interest on and the body of previ- businesses. It also needs to battle the Ukrainian citizens did not have ously obtained credits. It is absolutely currently high cost of Ukraine’s inter- confidence in the hryvnia's stability and clear that production growth will falter. national bonds and the short-term na- expected it to lose value due to nega- The first quarter of 2012 confirmed ture of foreign loans given to the gov- tive trends in the dynamics of payment these simple truths: even official statis- ernment and economic entities of balances across the economy, which tics record a reduced growth rate in all Ukraine. This can be done, among generates additional household de- sectors of the economy as industrial other things, by cutting foreign debt, mand for foreign currency for saving production slowed down. balancing state finances, reducing in- purposes. The country does not have So what should the government terest rates on interbank credits, secur- enough foreign currency reserves, do in order to break out of this vicious ing transparency and openness of which is especially true of banks and circle and secure macroeconomic sta- Ukraine's financial system, hedging the government. Ukraine also contin- bility? Above all, goods markets need currency risks, setting non-compen- ues to pursue an archaic policy of push- to achieve their full operational poten- sated reserve requirements to banks ing the dollar out of the markets of tial through competition among sup- that sign short-term loan agreements. credits, investments, deposits and sav- pliers; the removal of monopolistic Unfortunately, Ukraine is now ings by way of bans, unfairly high re- abuses; equality of the rights of pur- moving in the exact opposite direction, serve requirements set to banks, etc. chasers and suppliers; self-regulation away from economic stability. № 9 (32) june 2012|the ukrainian week|25 economics|innovation matters Reforms According to Schumpeter A landmark work by the world-renowned economist confirms that the current “reforms” of the Ukrainian government will inevitably lead to an economic crisis

oseph Schumpeter’s work The Author: Schumpeter’s fundamental greater resource potential. But Theory of Economic Develop- Yuriy Bazhal, contribution to the market eco­­ when developed countries formu- ment: An Inquiry into Profits, Doctor of nomy theory is his argument for the late their innovation policies, they JCapital, Credit, Interest and Economy, decisive role of the innovating en- proceed from the assumption that the Business Cycle has recently Professor at trepreneur in implementing eco- small and medium enterprises play been published in Ukrainian. The the Kyiv- nomic development mechanisms. an important role in the process. book has Ukrainian roots – the au- Mohyla This production factor gives a mar- They create the “nourishing broth” thor wrote most of it while teaching Academy ket economy a significant advan- of technological and economic in- at Chernivtsi University in 1909- tage over the centralised adminis- ventions in competitive markets, 1911. Although this fundamental trative model of management, un- and new innovative companies work is a century old, it would be der which state managers emerge that determine the courses hard to find a more topical treatise distribute, re-distribute and even and prospects for a structural on economic theory for contempo- increase existing resources, gener- transformation of the economy. rary Ukraine. What passes for “re- ally within the limits of an estab- Global experience shows that forms” in our country is, in fact, the lished economic circular flow. Ac- large companies that have grown “patching of holes”. Schumpeter ar- cording to Schumpeter’s theory, from small innovative enterprises gues that if preserved, this state, this cannot secure long-term na- have the most significant economic which he calls “traditional circular tional economic development – effect on securing sustained devel- flow”, inevitably leads to a finan- only that of individual citizens at opment. So it is crucial for the inno- cial-economic crisis, because true the expense of others becoming vations policy to establish condi- progress cannot be based on the poorer. In contrast, a stratum of in- tions that would foster small innova- foundation of the status quo that is novative entrepreneurs guarantees tive companies and enable their being maintained. According to the economic development of the value to grow. Thus, a top-priority Schumpeter, an economy that is state. This aspect of the theory is of task for Ukraine’s state policy on in- based on the recreation and ad- paramount importance to Ukraine, novation is to provide effective insti- vance of the traditional production because we tend to view entrepre- tutional support for the develop- structure is incapable of signifi- neurs in the context of resolving ment of small and medium busi- cantly increasing public welfare, Joseph employment issues – the creation nesses in science-intensive indust-­­ because over time, the development Schumpeter's of (any) jobs and the formation of a ries. Unfortunately, analysis shows of traditional competitive markets book has “middle class”, however the latter that small business in Ukraine has slows down the emergence of new Ukrainian purpose is not being realized. A almost no innovative orientation. added value. Schumpeter substan- roots: he wrote prosperous “middle class” emerges Schumpeter’s work offers an most of it answer to the traditional “killer” tiated the conclusion that the sus- while teaching (i.e., increase in national prosper- tained growth of national income at Chernivtsi ity) when there is an efficiently question raised by politicians and can only be ensured through inno- University in working stratum of innovative en- most experts regarding the innova- vative development. This theory ex- 1901-1911 trepreneurs. These are few and far tion-based model of economic de- plains the “trap” in which Ukraine’s between in Ukraine, for numerous velopment: Where can a poor economy has found itself. Increas- reasons. A good illustration of this country get money for this kind of ing the output volumes of tradi- are the famous Oriental bazaars development? The usual answer, at tional industries, albeit through where employment is ensured and least in Ukraine, is that it is first higher productivity, does not offer a the scale is impressive, but the necessary to advance from the ex- powerful resource for the country’s countries remain poor, since other isting production structure, accu- dynamic development. To illustrate conditions remain the same. mulate funds, then channel them these processes, Schumpeter uses a In Ukraine’s economy, the bulk into investments for the implemen- familiar analogy: “Add successively of financial resources available for tation of know-how. Practice has so as many mail coaches as you please, supporting innovation are concen- far proven this reasoning wrong – you will never get a railway trated in large enterprises. This innovative funds are not being ac- thereby”. Developing this simile, it state of affairs is considered to be cumulated and the process is los- can be said that the Ukrainian gov- normal, because the prevalent ing momentum. Schumpeter’s con- ernment is largely adding mail opinion is that large corporations clusion is that innovations are coaches instead of building a new are technologically more efficient self-financing through the creation “railway”. than small companies owing to of new purchasing power. 26|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012

investigation|police corruption Armed and Unpunished The government is only pretending to fight crime among the ranks of law enforcement

Author: present a danger to society. Mr. and verify it immediately, thus al- Taras Zozulinskyi Kyrpach had retired by the time a lowing the offender to avoid crim- verdict was issued in his case, so inal liability. acked by annual statistics, he no longer had the capability to However, the Chervonohrad top officials are boasting an put people behind bars, and was Court disagreed with the prosecu- unprecedented fight against no longer a danger to society. tion. Unlike the investigators, Bcorruption. Ukraine’s Se- Judge Stepan Meleshko saw no curity Service alone revealed over CONSPIRACY OF SILENCE abuse of power in the officer’s ac- 600 crimes committed by police Another frequent police crime is tions and qualified the offense as in 2010-2011. The Prosecutor’s the failure to record information mere negligence, changing the Office discovered even more. In about an offense. Serhiy Konchuk, punishment from 5-12 years in reality, however, these anti-cor- ex-Deputy Chief of Kamianka jail to a simple fine and commu- ruption efforts are less compre- Buska County Police Department nity service or a shorter jail hensive than they appear to be. In in Lviv Oblast was accused of term—quite a difference indeed! Lviv Oblast, for instance, as else- hushing up a reported crime. A In the end, Mr. Konchuk received where in Ukraine, police officers pre-trial investigation found that a UAH 5,000 fine from which he tried for criminal activities rarely Mr. Konchuk knew of a theft of was later exempted through am- end up behind bars. UAH 90,000, yet failed to record nesty. WELCOME TO THE POLICE Illegal arrests are a widespread habit of Ukrainian police—one that nobody seems to be willing to eliminate. In some cases, po- lice officers are exempted from criminal liability for illegal ar- rests and their criminal cases are closed. Lieutenant Colonel Volodymyr Kyrpach, for instance, was released from criminal liabil- ity under a ruling by the Shevchenkivsky District Court in Lviv. At the time, he was working as an Assistant to the Lychakiv District Police Chief. He was ac- cused of arresting a guard and se- curity chief at a company and keeping both employees behind bars for 13 hours with no legiti- mate reason. Based on a compre- hensive forensic test, one of the arrested employees needed medi- cal help but the police refused to provide it. Mr. Kyrpych never admitted any guilt, claiming that he was acting as instructed by the chief of the district police department. Judge Vasyl Katsaviuk referred to Art. 48 of the Criminal Code to back his verdict. The article pro- vides for moderate first-time of- fenders to be exempted from criminal liability if, during the course of the trial, their circum- stances change and they cease to 28|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012 police corruption|investigation If your car gets stolen, the po- mented income,’ officers are never nal case had his sentence reduced lice may demand that you pay a held liable for breaking traffic to a probation term. The prose- few thousand dollars to get it rules. In addition to cash, bribes cution provided proof that the in- back, while also concealing infor- can be paid in the form of office vestigator had abused his office, mation about the theft. Yet, the equipment. Rostyslav Harkatyn, yet the judge qualified the brib- bribe is no guarantee that your Chief of Peremyshl Road Police ery as fraud because the investi- car will even be returned. An offi- Department, got a multifunc- gator had taken the bribe to shut cer in Zhydachiv County Depart- tional Samsung printer as a bribe down the case of another investi- ment failed to record a reported from a driver who had broken the gator. car theft, which qualifies as crimi- rules. Judges often qualify serious nal assistance under Art. 364.3 of The prosecution accused Mr. crimes as lesser offenses, espe- the Criminal Code. The car’s own- Harkatyn of demanding and re- cially in bribery cases. Those ers paid him $3,500 to return ceiving a bribe. The law requires a tried for bribery often end up their Mercedes. After he got hold 5 to 10 year prison sentence for of the cash, committing what such a crime. However, Maria qualifies as large-scale fraud, the Oleksiyenko, a district court police officers tried officer never found or returned judge, spotted no demands for a for criminal the car to the owner. Judge Vasyl bribe in the case. According to her Borakovsky sentenced him to 21 scenario, the driver offered the activities rarely end months in prison, although the of- bribe voluntarily. As a result, Ros- up behind bars ficial punishment for this sort of tyslav was sentenced to a fine crime ranges from 3 to 12 years in rather than a prison term. Judges punished for mere fraud. By law, a penal colony. at the Higher Specialized Court a police officer that accepts a accepted the verdict. bribe for a case he is personally HIGHWAY ROBBERY Some road police departments assigned to qualifies as bribe- It’s long been known that the the inflate their statistical reports to taker, but if another police officer State Road Inspection or highway show how well they operate. They is in charge of the case, the of- patrol has a penchant for taking have nothing to fear, as judges ap- fense is interpreted as fraud. The bribes. Aside from this ‘supple- prove of the process. One bold former offense entails 5 to 12 road inspector was acquitted by years in jail. If convicted of fraud, the Lviv Oblast Court of Appeals Crime and however, the offender may sim- punishment after compiling nine fake proto- The number of ply end up with a fine, commu- cols for traffic violations by driv- complaints about nity service or a short jail term. illegal and violent ers he picked randomly out of a actions by the police Therefore, officer Vasylenko database of car owners. Yet, the amounts to takes bribes for officer Petrov’s judges ruled that no abuse of cases, and vice versa. Such power had occurred. “The crimi- 2,704 schemes allow the police to pro- nal case materials provide no tect themselves from severe proof of an offense,” the judges charges and long imprisonment wrote in their verdict. “This un- 66 if caught red-handed, and judges dermined the respect for authori- police officers were use this practice to interpret seri- convicted for violent ties, yet no proof was found that actions. ous offenses as lesser ones. the act of forging caused signifi- For instance, Serhiy Boreyko, cant damage to the rights, free- 39 a judge at the Sykhiv District doms and interests of citizens or ended up in jail Court in Lviv, released officer interests of the state.” Vasyl Pryshliak on probation af- ter trying him for bribery. After a FRIENDS IN HIGH PLACES bank employee reported the re- The abovementioned cases repre- Total number of ceipt of a fake income statement complaints hits sent only a small fraction of the from a loan applicant, Officer reported abuses that signal that 26,496 Pryshliak demanded a bribe from judges too often tend to issue pro- Based on Interior Ministry the suspect in exchange for pre- statistics from bation terms rather than proper 1 January-1 October 2011 venting prosecution. As it often punishments. does, the court qualified the offi- Volodymyr Musiyevsky of the cer’s offense as fraud rather than Pustomyty County Court released bribery because he was not di- local police officer Oleksandr rectly involved in the case. Rubtsov on probation after the By giving corrupt police offi- court found him guilty of de- cers probation and conditional manding and receiving a bribe in sentences, judges have an adverse return for not assigning an proba- impact on the struggle against po- tion officer to a convicted crimi- lice corruption. The fired traitors nal. in police uniforms are simply re- Thanks to Judge Ihor Ptashy- placed by new ones while the nsky of the Sambir Court, an in- beatings, bribery, illegal arrests vestigator who received a $5,000 and systematized “protection” bribe for shutting down a crimi- continue to flourish. № 9 (32) june 2012|the ukrainian week|29 society|visa policy Unspoken Visa Rules Ukrainians who travel in the Schengen Area get into trouble more and more often as they break the rules for non-EU citizens traveling across the territory, either intentionally or unintentionally

Authors: posedly applied to the Polish Con- his father, then a day later, went on Zhanna Bezpiatchuk, sulate to conduct business with the a vacation to Spain. “Once we Inna Zavhorodnia country just to use the visa for dif- crossed the German border, the po- ferent purposes later,” Viktor lice stopped us and checked our Schengen visa in a passport shares. He did not feel well at the documents, which was when the fun does not necessarily mean police station but the officers did began.” Dmytro recalls his Herlitz that Ukrainians can travel not hurry to provide him with any experience. “They asked us about Awherever they like in the medical assistance, claiming that our destination and the purpose of EU. Seven Ukrainians learned this he was faking it. It was only after our visit. Eventually, I had to show when they had to interrupt their numerous requests and the assur- them my college thesis on the laptop weekend tour, in spite of having ance that Viktor would be able to to prove that I was a student at an multiple entry visas. In March, the pay for a doctor’s, that one was fi- art college and was not going to stay police stopped them at the Polish- nally called. and work illegally in Spain. In court, German border near Herlitz be- “I got my visa at the Polish Con- Almost they said they believed that I was a cause their visas were for business sulate in Lviv,” Viktor says. “I had a 400,000 student but that I had misused my trips, while they declared that the personal interview. Once I had my Ukrainians have mul- Polish visa to travel to Spain. With a purpose of their trip was tourism. visa, I travelled to Poland several tiple entry Schengen Polish visa, I was supposed to stay at visas, mostly for a Six of them were unable to confirm times and spent the New Year’s holi- year or less least 70-80% of the time in Poland, the legality of their visas, resulting day in Hungary and never had any they said, and then I could travel in their annulment. problems. The interpreter at the po- around Europe a little.” This incident revealed contra- lice station told me that it would be After this, Dmytro’s adventures dictions in the EU Visa Code, which best to admit my guilt, have my visa were in no way different from the fate does not allow for two valid Schen- cancelled and be sent home from of a captured criminal; he was finger- gen visas at a time, since it is only by plane. I asked them to con- printed, searched, transported in possible to apply for another visa af- tact the Ukrainian Consulate but she handcuffs and had an eight-day wait ter the previous one has expired or said that it did not bother dealing prior to being deported to Ukraine. has been cancelled. According to with us and the sooner I admitted He had EUR 200 with him, of which the German police, the Ukrainians that I had broken the law, the better, should have cancelled their multi because my friends had already entry business visas in order to ob- signed everything”. Earlier, an em- tain a single entry tourist visa. ployee of the German visa center in Lviv had assured Viktor that his MISTRUST AND DISRESPECT valid business visa allowed him to Viktor Yarsky’s trip to Germany travel to Germany for a weekend. for the christening of his brother’s After 24 hours of interrogations by baby resulted in a night at the po- the police from one shift followed by lice station and a hypertension those from the next shift, strip stroke. On 13 January, German searches, the confiscation of belong- border police stopped him to check ings, talking to the lawyer hired by his documents as he was crossing his brother and confirmation of the the border from Poland into Ger- validity of invitations for Viktor and many in his car. He had three his companions by the Polish busi- other men in the car, including his nessman who gave them, the police brother who had lived in Germany released the Ukrainians without a on a permanent basis for years. All word of apology. of the Ukrainians had valid multi entry visas and Viktor had a busi- CRIME AND PUNISHMENT ness visa. They were going to Dmytro Kliukai, a student deported spend a weekend in Nuremberg from the EU, was not familiar with and return for a business meeting the rules of Schengen travel either. in Warsaw on Monday. Without Having a 90-day C-category multi any explanations or introducing entry visa to visit his godfather from themselves, the police arrested all the Polish Consulate, Dmytro stayed of them. “They said that we sup- at his godfather’s for short time with 30|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012 visa policy|society EUR 150 was confiscated and he was their stay in Schengen states when could provide was his father’s writ- allowed to keep EUR 50 to cover his checked by German authorities, ten invitation. For some reason, the travel expenses. As a 21-year old, raise the suspicion fraudulently-ob- fact that his father was right next to Dmytro did not have the opportunity tained visas. German legislation him failed to convince German law to appeal to the German court, nor qualifies this as a breach of the law. enforcement officers. could he afford to pay the EUR 2,500 The visa is invalidated and the de- “If Dmytro had stayed in Po- fine determined by the court. In addi- tained holders have to leave the land for a month before traveling to tion, he could be banned from travel- Schengen Area. The relevant au- Spain, I’m sure there would have ing to Germany and the Schengen thorities have powers to do this. been no problem,” Ms. Sushko Area for up to 10 years. Data on de- “If your visa lists one purpose says. “Otherwise, the question portations is entered into the Schen- that changes during the trip, you arises of why he hadn’t applied for a gen Information System (SIS) used should be prepared for the same as Spanish visa in the first place?” she by EU member-state embassies to what happened to the Ukrainian stu- wonders and immediately answers: find personal visa records. dent,” comments Iryna Sushko, Pres- “It’s easier to get a visa at certain ident of the Europe without Barriers consulates than at others, although A TRICKY PROVISION NGO. “Moreover, his visa said that this is all very relative.” The Ukrainian Week asked the he was visiting “close relatives”, a German Embassy to comment on privileged category, hence this much WHY CHEAT? the deportation of the Ukrainian Ukrainians sin because they tend student. It cited Art.5 of the EU not to trust their own country. In Visa Code that provides for a visa to visa practice at contrast, European states build their be issued by an EU member- state, the consulates of EU relations with its citizens based on the territory of which is the only trust, which is why deception is pun- purpose of the trip. For trips with member-states is often ished so severely. At the same time, several destinations – the state, the what pushes Ukrainians the visa practice at the consulates of territory of which is the primary EU member-states is often what destination of the trip as far as the to misrepresentation pushes Ukrainians to misrepresen- duration and purpose of the visit is tation. Olena Polnariova, a Reckitt concerned. Art.5 also offers a third attention. If he were a researcher or Benckiser employee, spent much option: the visa can be issued by an an athlete, the authorities could have time and money to go on a week- EU member-state, the borders of understood why he had to travel long business trip to Bratislava. “I which the applicant crosses when around the Schengen Area.” was going to stay in Bratislava on entering Schengen territory, pro- Ukrainians faced controls at an Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, vided that the key destination is im- internal Schengen border, which and return to Vienna on Thursday possible to determine. supposedly does not exist. “We also where I had a stopover, and remain The Ukrainian Week has check people from third countries there till Sunday,” she says. “The learned from the Press Service of the with Finnish, German or Lithua- agency that helped me prepare my Federal Police Presidium in Pots- nian visas,” Rafal Walski, Poland’s documents told me that I wouldn’t dam that foreign citizens who are Consul General, tells The Ukrai- get a visa for this. If I applied to the unable to confirm the purpose of nian Week. “There is nothing ab- Slovakian Consulate, I would have normal about this. Control practice to spend more time in that country at internal borders can only exist in than in another. So, it wouldn’t work private cases but it’s not a general out if I told them I was going to Slo- rule. As to cases concerning Ukrai- vakia for three days and to Vienna nian citizens, our colleagues from for four. One of the options they Ukrainian consular offices should proposed was to make a fictitious complain about the violated rights reservation at a hotel in Bratislava of Ukrainians to the relevant Ger- for the duration of my trip, apply for man authorities.” a visa with it, then cancel the book- The Ukrainian Week drew ing once I had the visa. I didn’t do the attention of the Ministry of For- this because it was disagreeable and eign Affairs of Ukraine to the Dmy- degrading. I still don’t understand tro Kliukai incident. Representa- why I can’t spend four days in Vi- tives of the Ukrainian Embassy in enna after a three-day business trip Germany talked to the German au- to Bratislava.” thorities and discovered that docu- The widespread attitude to ments confirming the purpose of Ukraine as a corrupt, failing and the trip, such as a travel voucher, ever more authoritarian state is confirmation of a hotel reservation also transferred to its citizens. This etc., could have saved Dmytro from means that in the short-term, they being deported. But compliance will have to learn to play by the with this norm is not always possi- rules, even if they are unspoken. ble. Dmytro was traveling to Spain Only better awareness and the in a private car with his father to avoidance of the deliberate abuse of stay in the latter’s home, so he had visa rules will reduce the risk of un- no tickets, travel vouchers or hotel wanted problems when traveling

photo: reuters photo: reservation. The only document he abroad. № 9 (32) june 2012|the ukrainian week|31 society|Ukraine and Euro 2012 The Best Tournament Money Can Buy

Still, these changes in the name of efficiency might be more palat- able if cuts were being made else- where. Yet there is evidence of gro- tesque waste all over Ukraine. This is particularly apparent in the use of energy resources. Away from the tarted-up urban centres, many pro- vincial towns are heated by external pipes whose insulation has simply fallen off. The Polish-Ukrainian Co- operation Foundation, an NGO, es- timates that nearly 80% of the gas Ukraine buys (at notoriously high prices) from Russia is wasted. This is maddening enough for Ukrainians. But the inflated price tag for Euro 2012 infrastructure irks them even more. Ana- lysts fear it could hobble the econ- omy for years. To many Ukraini- ans it is evidence not of waste but of stealing. Ostap Semerak, an op- position MP, estimates that kick- t is like being in a rally car. The that the trains would have been backs to corrupt officials account pilot stands behind the two needed even without the need to for more than one-third of the to- drivers in the cab and barks in- transport thousands of foreign tal costs of the tournament. Istructions from a sheet of pa- football fans around. Faced with Mr Kolesnikov demands to see per: "Up to 160!" "140 on the mounting criticism that Ukraine the proof of such allegations. curve!" Every few hundred yards, has splurged irresponsibly, he says There is certainly no smoking gun. signalmen wave batons and flags no more than $55m has been spent But with workers on Euro-related from another era. In the lush green on projects devoted exclusively to construction sites earning around fields to either side, lone farmers Euro 2012. Yet around $13 billion, $19 a day, it is hard to explain why lean on their tools and stare. more than half of it public money, refurbishing Kiev's Olympiyskiy This is high-speed rail, Ukrai- has gone on stadiums, airports, Stadium, which will host the Euro nian-style. At a maximum of 183 trains, hotels and other projects. 2012 final, has cost nearly $600m, kilometres per hour, the speeds Ordinary Ukrainians are making it one of the most expen- are lower than those achieved by grumbling ever-more loudly in the sive such projects in history. trains in much of Western Europe. run-up to the tournament. Tickets Yevhen Semekhin, leader of the But on Ukraine's old Soviet tracks, on the fast trains cost up to three branch of Democratic Alli- it still feels thrillingly fast. times more than on night services ance, an anti-corruption group that The new Hyundai trains are a travelling the same routes. Such has recently turned itself into a politi- showpiece of the modernisation services may be slow but offer a cal party, showed me the new Eng- programme Ukraine has embarked level of comfort (and character) lish-language signs in the city. Each on in the run-up to the Euro 2012 that for many are one of the best one, he says, officially cost $1,100. football championships, which be- things Ukraine has to offer. "This is not silver!" he exclaims. gin next week. They will link the Yet revenues from tickets on Given the negative coverage host cities—Kiev, Lviv, Kharkiv the old trains cover as little as 10% Ukraine has received in recent weeks, and Donetsk—during the tourna- of the cost, according to Mr Kole- visitors to Euro 2012 are likely to be ment, which Ukraine is co-hosting snikov. The new trains need fewer pleasantly surprised by the quality of with Poland. (The authorities have staff and will make fewer stops. its infrastructure. Ukrainians are de- © 2012 The even made a slightly odd promo- Seen in this light, the upgrade ap- termined to show their guests a good Economist tional film for the trains.) pears inevitable (though this time, and to have fun themselves. But Newspaper , deputy makes its mismanagement, as de- when the party is over, the question Limited. All prime minister and the man in scribed in this article, all the more of how it came to cost so much is not rights reserved charge of the preparations, insists dispiriting). going to go away. 32|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012

investigation|euro 2012 tickets To Buy or Not to Buy A large number of tickets for Euro 2012 football matches may go to Ukrainian scalpers

krainian and European offi- Author: before the sale was actually launched have exhausted their quotas. So they cials are convinced stadiums Bohdan again in mid-May. can be bought for matches in both will be sold out for the Euro Butkevych Kallen estimated the number of Poland and Ukraine.” U2012 tournament – nearly unsold tickets at around 50,000 All ticket selling competitions all tickets have been sold through of- during a presentation of “live” IDs in organised by the Euro 2012 spon- ficial structures. They also argue Kyiv: “We have these tickets, be- sors were to be completed by May. that fraud has been made impossi- cause not all national federations Donetsk fans who are season-ticket WHAT LEGAL RESELLERS CHARGE ble through several layers of protec- holders for Shakhtar’s new season tion and a special system of distribu- can come to Arena to buy (OFFERS ON WEBSITES) The highe -priced tickets are for matches played by Ukraine’s tion. However, The Ukrainian tickets, maximum four per person, national team and top foreign squads Week found that tickets can still be to all Euro 2012 games in Ukraine, purchased and not only from official including those held at other Ukrai- Group age (8-19 June) sources. The system that the officials nian stadiums. Season-ticket hold- are so proud of is no guarantee that ers in Kharkiv can try their luck in Fir category: UAH 3,000-4,000 tickets will not be grabbed by profi- the Metallist Stadium’s ticket booths Second category: UAH 2,500-3,500 teers. Speculation may be orches- and on its official site. Finally, UEFA Third category: UAH 1,900-2,500 trated by people from agencies re- Euro 2012’s official sponsor, Uni- sponsible for hosting Euro 2012. Credit Bank (Ukrsotsbank), began Quarterfinals (21-24 June) selling more tickets through its Fir category: UAH 6,000-7,000 The final sale branches on 7 May. Second category: UAH 4,500-5,000 “UEFA EURO 2012 ticket portals Third category: UAH 3,000-3,500 closed. All tickets for UEFA EURO A special offer Semifinals (27-28 June) 2012 bought before 10 April are cur- A quick online search reveals hun- Fir category: UAH 10,000-15,000 rently being printed and shipped. dreds of offers to buy Euro 2012 The ticket portal will re-open in early tickets. Many are from intermediary Second category: UAH 7,000-9,000 May 2012 and give every fan the op- companies that offer help in obtain- Third category: UAH 4,500-6,000 portunity to review their ticket or- ing them. For example, energotour. Final (1 July) der.” This was the message on the com says it is not an official sales Fir category: UAH 24,000-25,000 official UEFA portal read over and agent but “offers to purchase tickets Second category: UAH 14,500-16,000 over again by those who made up UEFA OFFICIAL TICKET PRICES from those fortunate people who Third category: UAH 12,000 their minds to buy tickets too late. have been lucky to win them The lucky ones who have re- through a lottery but are unable to ceived their tickets had to go through Group age (8-19 June) attend Euro 2012 football matches a complicated procedure. First, they for various reasons, as well as tickets had to open a client account on the Fir category: €120 (UAH 1,200) that are distributed through the offi- UEFA site, prove their paying capac- Second category: €70 (UAH 700) cial sponsors of the championship. ity and submit a purchase order. Third category: €30 (UAH 300) We offer tickets from the secondary Then they had to wait to win their market where they have various tickets in a lottery. Successful appli- Quarterfinals (21-24 June) markups. Due to this, the actual cants had to pay for their tickets Fir category: €150 (UAH 1,500) price may be significantly (several within a given time limit. Second category: €80 (UAH 800) times) higher than the nominal one. Football officials assure everyone Third category: €40 (UAH 400) On our part, as a tour operator with that all matches of the championship an impeccable reputation, we offer are certain to be sold out. “There will Semifinals (27-28 June) only proven official tickets. It is up be no empty seats in any Euro 2012 Fir category: €270 (UAH 2,700) to you to decide where to buy them: arena,” UEFA Operations Director Second category: €150 (UAH 1,500) from the UEFA, our company or Martin Kallen said. According to Third category: €45 (UAH 450) some dubious internet portal.” Markian Lubkivsky, chief of the Prices range from the more or less EURO 2012 Ukraine Organisational Final (1 July) acceptable UAH 1,900 for a group Committee, over 95 per cent of tick- Fir category: €600 (UAH 6,000) stage match to the sky-high 24,000 ets have been sold. The rest will soon Second category: €330 (UAH 3,300) for the final game. find their owners. “We are about to Third category: €50 (UAH 500) Another Ukrainian portal listed launch the final phase of the ticket on the first page of search results re- sale in Ukraine. Moreover, the uefa. turned by Google offers tickets to all com site will start selling the remain- Euro 2012 matches with a “20% dis- ing tickets at around 7 May,” he said count” on commercial offers. Here is 34|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012 euro 2012 tickets|investigation will charge more and will give you and most popular tickets without no guarantee that your ticket is breaking the law. And then they re- not a fake. What you buy from sell them absolutely legally, because us is an absolutely normal, speculation is not punishable in legitimate ticket, albeit Ukraine, unlike in the former USSR. somewhat more expensive There is every reason to claim that than the official price. You this group has targeted Euro 2012 as pay more ... for the guar- a chance for windfall profits. antee and your peace of One member of Kyiv’s “ticket mind.” mafia” said that he and his col- leagues were waiting for the final Earning “like adults” sale of the remaining Euro 2012 Official agencies responsible for the tickets to be announced by the Euro 2012 tournament have UEFA. After it takes place, the net- claimed that tickets will be vir- work of distributors will receive new tually impossible to forge, be- tickets that will immediately be in- cause they will have several tercepted by resellers. And then they WHAT LEGAL RESELLERS CHARGE layers of protection. The first will be able to cash in on them “like name and surname of the adults”, as he put it. Normally, (OFFERS ON WEBSITES) buyer is printed on every scalpers charge 2-20 times more The highe -priced tickets are for matches played by Ukraine’s national team and top foreign squads ticket. The person whose name depending on the impor- is on the ticket will be respon- tance of the event. Group age (8-19 June) sible for the conduct of the ticket holder. Moreover, one Fir category: UAH 3,000-4,000 person has the right to buy a Second category: UAH 2,500-3,500 maximum of four tickets to Third category: UAH 1,900-2,500 one match. According to the organisers, this helped filter Quarterfinals (21-24 June) out 20 per cent of applications Fir category: UAH 6,000-7,000 from resellers and profiteers. Second category: UAH 4,500-5,000 According to Lubkivsky, Third category: UAH 3,000-3,500 there will be no passport con- Semifinals (27-28 June) trol at Euro 2012 matches. “ID checks will be selective, such Fir category: UAH 10,000-15,000 as when a fan behaves in a sus- Second category: UAH 7,000-9,000 picious or improper way,” Third category: UAH 4,500-6,000 Lubkivsky explained. “The Final (1 July) name of the person indicated Fir category: UAH 24,000-25,000 on an ID means that they will be responsible for the conduct EXPECTED BLACK-MARKET Second category: UAH 14,500-16,000 PRICES Third category: UAH 12,000 of their relatives and friends to whom they have given tickets as Possibly much higher for games played by Ukraine’s gifts. Of course, this person will national team not have to lead them by the hand, but my recommendation is that they Group age (8-19 June) what a manager who identified him- have their ID on them. However, self as Serhiy told a journalist work- even when the name on the ticket Fir category: UAH 12,000 ing for The Ukrainian Week who and the fan’s ID do not match, but Second category: UAH 7,000 pretended to be a fault-finding and there are no serious violations, the Third category: UAH 3,000 incredulous customer seeking guar- fan will be admitted to the stadium. Quarterfinals (21-24 June) antees against fraud: “You may be A serious reason for an ID check Fir category: UAH 15,000 100 per cent certain that you will may be disrespectful conduct or an Second category: UAH 8,000 have your tickets. We have very reli- illegible bar code on the ticket, i.e., if Third category: UAH 4,000 able sources – in the Football Feder- the ticket is bogus.” ation of Ukraine.” Asked how this A powerful group of scalpers has Semifinals (27-28 June) could be possible if Ukraine’s entire operated in Kyiv for decades. It is a Fir category: UAH 27,000 quota had been sold earlier he re- coterie of mediators who purchase Second category: UAH 15,000 plied: “There is a whole category of tickets to popular events in advance Third category: UAH 4,500 tickets reserved for the Federation and then resell them as several which will be distributed at the last times the nominal price. This sys- Final (1 July) moment at much higher prices, as tem has operated since soviet times. Fir category: UAH 60,000 you can understand. So it is better for Professional resellers have no need Second category: UAH 33,000 you to make the purchase right now to forge tickets. First, that is a risky Third category: UAH 5,000 and pay half or a third of the price.” business, and second, having the Sensing doubt in the journalist’s necessary connections in the enter- tone, the manager goes for the kill: tainment industry and sports agen- “You must understand that scalpers cies, they can legally buy the best № 9 (32) june 2012|the ukrainian week|35 society|finding your way in kyiv Giving ‘em the Runaround

Author: Valeria Burlakova Photo: Valeria Burlakova

elcome to Ukraine – a country where police are scarier than crimi- Wnals, dogs are burned alive, the mafia attacks hotels and virtually every woman is a hooker waiting to infect you with HIV and steal your wallet. Most of what for- eigners have been told about prob- lems in Ukraine amounts to no more than rumours spiced up by the press. Most European TV channels and publications have no staff reporters in Ukraine. More- over, many reporters tend to focus on bad news alone, and the result- ing image of Ukraine is indeed frightening. The Ukrainian Week spent a few days with for- eign tourists to find out what prob- lems average guests encounter when traveling to Ukraine. UNDISCLOSED PRICES Hotel prices in Ukrainian host cit- ies really are scary. Some still re- fuse to reveal their football season prices. Kozatsky Stan, a three-star hotel in Kyiv, for instance, nor- mally charges UAH 800-2,000 for a one-bed room, yet the price is ef- fective only until 9 June. “Then, prices will grow twofold but they depend on the dates. The finals are on 1 July and the price will be high,” the administrator says. Just how high it will rise remains un- known, however. Renting an apartment is an al- No questions to ask: ternative option. Landlords are Dean from Belgium will be also reluctant to disclose prices using a GPS to avoid having to until the very last moment. “How ask for directions much are you willing to pay?” they wonder. Liudmyla rents out three apartments within a 15-minute walk of the Livoberezhna metro In the lead-up to Euro 2012, the Western media station for UAH 400 per night. has been competing to paint the scariest possible She says the apartments have not yet been booked for the Euro picture of Ukraine. The Ukrainian Week looked games, and has not revealed the price for the time of the tourna- into what foreigners fear and what they are actually ment. “We’ll see how many people likely to find challenging in Ukraine come,” she says, adding that she is 36|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012 finding your way in kyiv|society Ultimately, Andy decided to What foreigners fear in Ukraine purchase his tickets online, fol- “Criminal gangs have lowing a link to e-kvytok.ua. “You stormed hotels, some need to register there to buy a hotel operators have ticket,” he says. “But that’s okay, it tripled prices and oth- ers have cancelled con- Giving ‘em the Runaround does have everything in English. tracts with the tour op- Once registered, I looked under erators,” says Spiegel ‘Sample Documents’ for ticket Online. going to raise it twofold for Ukrai- samples. This section shows what nians and threefold for foreigners. the order form, ticket return form This price policy is currently in ef- and electronic ticket look like. Polskie Radio Dla Za- fect in all four Euro 2012 host cit- Document titles are in English, granicy laments the ies in Ukraine. but the tickets are actually in burning alive of dogs in “Take some efforts, look at as Ukrainian. I can guess where the Ukraine to “clean the streets” before the many options as possible,” departure and arrival time is be- tournament Frank, an American citizen who cause I remember that when I or- has been living in Kyiv for years, der one. But I can’t figure out the recommends. “The agencies that train, car and seat numbers.” rent out apartments on a daily Later, Andy tried to book a “Keep an eye on it at basis always speak English. And ticket but failed to do so in Eng- home,” Nederlandse feel free to bargain, it’s as com- lish. Even when he clicked to Energie Maastschappij mon in Ukraine as it is in Tur- switch the website into English, urges Dutch women in key. Whenever the locals hear a the menu on top of the page re- a video to prevent their foreign language, they automati- mained in Ukrainian, and the husbands from going cally raise the price. But they can whole booking process continued to Ukraine for Euro offer you a better price eventu- in Ukrainian. Purely by accident, 2012 and falling victim to its beautiful women. Apparently, the video makers were ally once they realize that you’re Andy clicked on a rescue link say- inspired by the speech Viktor Yanukovych delivered in Da- not willing to overpay.” Another ing “Dear clients! The updated vos: “All you have to do to discover Ukraine is see it with problem with renting an apart- version of the website is at http:// your own eyes, when the chestnut trees bloom in Kyiv, and ment is booking one. Most agen- www.e-kvytok.org.ua” But users women start to undress in the streets. Witnessing this cies can confirm the booking cannot log into the new website beauty is amazing.” with an email only. A reply, such using the name and password reg- Disappointment is the as “Transfer half of the amount istered for the old one. Moreover, only emotion a visit to to my phone account and we’ll the Ukrainian railway’s website Ukraine could elicit. An keep the apartment for you,” still links to the old e-ticketing ad by WorldSoccer- could signal fraud. Also, even website for some bizarre reason. Shop.com features a once you’ve got a reservation, the Once yet another registration was man giving tickets for landlord might simply refund completed, Andy typed in Kyiv as the football tournament your money if they find someone his departure station in the ticket in Ukraine to his girl- friend whose does not appear excited about the trip at all. else who is willing to pay more. search application. He found that As a result, renting an apartment there is only “Kiev,” not “Kyiv,” is cheaper while booking a room and Donetsk does not exist either. Prostitutes, many of in a hostel is more reliable. Instead, the website offers the them HIV-infected, will misspelled “Doneck,” which would flood Euro 2012 host POOR TRACK RECORD leave many Ukrainians, let alone cities, warns The SUN, a UK tabloid. “The Ukrainian railway system foreigners, wondering whether the has undergone unprecedented mysterious Doneck is the host city transformations leading up to they are looking for. After choos- Euro 2012,” the railway website ing the date of the trip and select- boasts, adding that it “is introduc- ing randomly between “kupe” and ing a new online ticket search and “plackart” seating, Andy found out A third of Germans sales service.” that he cannot pay for the ticket want their football The Ukrainian Week asked for technical reasons, nor can he team to boycott the Eu- Andy, a Briton, to buy a ticket book one. With that in mind, the ropean football Cham- from Kyiv to Donetsk. “One of the ban on booking tickets earlier pionships in Poland options is to buy the ticket at the than 45 days prior to departure no and Ukraine in protest office,” Andy claims. “You click on longer appears to be the biggest of the treatment of for- the link to find the locations of challenge. mer Ukrainian Prime ticket offices and end up with a The last option is to translate Minister Yulia Tymosh- map of Ukraine with oblasts writ- ticket office addresses from enko, reports thelocal.de, a German portal. ten out in Ukrainian only. I had to Ukrainian into English, wait in google an alternative English-lan- line and buy tickets in person in According to the UK- guage map and find Kyiv Oblast by Ukraine. A clerk at the ticket of- based Mirror, Euro comparing the shapes of oblasts, fice in Kyiv looks taken aback 2012 fans fear terrorist only to find the list of cities in when spoken to in a foreign lan- attacks after bombs Ukrainian again, just like the loca- guage. It takes her just a minute, rocked Dnipropetrovsk. tions of ticket offices…” though, to stop panicking. She № 9 (32) june 2012|the ukrainian week|37 society|finding your way in kyiv

gestures to the foreigner that he IN PURSUIT to be informed when he should we couldn’t figure out how much must wait while she finds a col- OF UNDER-­­ get off. The other passengers give gas had been pumped. 20 liters, league who speaks English. STANDING: their own advice, while also try- we thought it was, so we paid for Not smiling ing to find out where Frank is go- it. When we left, we realized that SPEAK UP is one of the ing, why he is going there, and no gas had been pumped, as you or miss your stop most common whether he likes it in Kyiv. That first have to pay for it in Ukraine stereotypes Only a year ago, foreigners riding foreigners seems like a piece of cake for an before heading to the pump. So, the Kyiv metro were faced with de- have about extrovert. we had to go back!” ciphering confusing signs written Ukrainians A misunderstanding may oc- in Cyrillic. Today, the signs feature cur in Ukraine when a tourist sign language metro station names in English wants to rent a car. A group of The language barrier isn’t so scary along with their numbers. British football fans did so to in Ukraine unless you try to talk to What about other public travel around the country. “Ukrai- the police, clerks, salespeople and transport? Traveling to Berez- nian drivers have this strange way the like. Still you’re likely to find at niaky, a district of Kyiv far more of driving,” Laurence says. “They least one person that speaks Eng- accessible than the non-existent often use the British side of the lish on the street. Otherwise, ges- Doneck, can be mission impossi- road, especially on rural roads.” turing can help. ble for visiting foreigners. Find- British gas stations pump gas Ordering services by phone is ing any online English-language first and then you pay for the a different matter altogether. This information about marshrut- amount. “We put in the pump and includes trying to call a cab. Out kas—“route taxi” vans that tra- went to the store,” they share. of 10 taxi companies we called, verse the city—in Kyiv, let alone “When we came back to the car, only three spoke English well Lviv or Kharkiv, is next to impos- enough to take our order. Two sible. Eventually, the tourist will WHOM DO THE POLICE PROTECT? others switched us to different have to find out the bus number • After six police officers beat up and robbed two young operators. Five out of ten couldn’t he needs on the spot. men in Lviv, Amnesty International announced that the speak any English at all. But don’t Frank is now used to the Ukrainian police were a danger to Euro 2012 fans. John panic and run for a taxi on the Ukrainian lifestyle but he pre- Dalhuisen, Europe and Central Asia Deputy Programme Di- street—you’ll surely end up over- rector of Amnesty International, called on Ukraine to stop tended to be a newcomer for The neglecting human rights and urgently reform law enforce- paying. Ukrainian Week. About 20 people ment authorities before the championship. are waiting for their marshrutka TAxi, taxi! • UK fans will bring their police to the game to help both at a stop next to Livoberezhna UK citizens and Ukrainian police. British police will share At this point, we are trying to metro station. We ask them how their experience and advice with their Ukrainian peers on catch a taxi at the railway station to get to vulytsia Tychyny (Ty- the best ways to behave in difficult situations caused by in Kyiv. We need to go to Maidan chyna street). “Marshrutka… bus! fans. Nezalezhnosti, Independence bus!” a guy says pointing at the • On 7 May, two US and UK citizens aged 26 and 29 who Square in English. Obviously, get- line waiting for the bus Frank ap- were conducting English classes in Donetsk as part of the ting a cab at the railway station is parently needs to take. The driver Euro 2012 preparations were beaten by police. The victims always more pricey, even for speaks no English, so he does not ended up with broken bones. A criminal case was opened someone who speaks Ukrainian. quite understand Frank’s request against the violators. That is an unspoken rule among 38|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012 finding your way in kyiv|society

local taxi drivers. As foreigners, UKRAINIAN we are offered a trip to the capi- ALPHABET: Dean does not tal’s heart for UAH 200 ($25 or read Cyrillic, €19). Eventually, we knock the so he doesn’t price down to UAH 100. Ukraini- know that FEEL THE DIFFERENCE: ans will easily get UAH 100 as a street names Foreign guests are starting price but they can bar- are misspelled likely to learn the gain a taxi down to UAH 50 and on marshrutka difference between 40 if they try their best. A taxi signs and the “kupe” and “platskart” train seats, “Doneck” called by phone can cost you UAH fee written below is totally and “Donetsk,” and 30 for similar distance, which is different websites six times less than what the rail- outdated, being three times selling train tickets way taxi drivers offer English lower than the speakers. current price Actually, anyone can charge a ball fans, tells The Ukrainian lice will try to get bribes anyway, foreigner an extra penny any- Week. He is convinced that from everyone!” where in Ukraine. “I rented a Euro 2012 guests might run into But remember that the police one-room apartment 30-minutes numerous troubles with the po- can be right sometimes. Drinking by foot from the Chernihivska lice at the tournament because alcohol in the streets can result in a metro station when I first came to fans drink hard and make a lot of warning or fine of UAH 17 to 85. If Kyiv for UAH 500 per night,” noise. Yet, he does not recom- asked for a bribe, you can instead Jonathan, an Irishman, says. “I mend solving these problems in agree to go to the police station, was so happy with it until I told a common way. “It’s outrageous lawyers say. “They’ll have to pre- my Kyiv friends about it. They in our country when a police of- pare a protocol, fill out a warning said I was paying almost double and impose a fine if any violation the normal price and the apart- Hopefully, Ukraine’s true has actually occurred. What they ment should cost less than UAH always count on is that the violator 3,000 per month.” Today, he rec- hospitality will override would rather pay a bribe than go ommends that tourists compare any negative impression with them to the station. All that prices for lodging and souvenirs paperwork wastes time that could sold in the street, and not be that foreign guests might be spent looking for another fool afraid of provocations, such as have of Ukraine ready to pay them on the spot.” calling the police. This is the Ukrainian reality ficer asks for a bribe,” he says. “If that foreigners face, including ABOVE THE LAW that happens in Ukraine, it will special prices, bad service, greed “Lately we’ve been hearing that have a very bad impact on the and bribery. Hopefully, the foot- Ukrainian police are uncon- country’s image.” Jonathan rec- ball celebration and Ukraine’s trolled, not merely corrupt,” ommends looking for someone true hospitality will override any Dougie Brimson, a British writer who speaks English to help inter- negative impression that foreign and author of books about foot- pret, adding that “Ukrainian po- guests might have of Ukraine. № 9 (32) june 2012|the ukrainian week|39 history|rus vs ukraine Where Did “Ukraine” Come From? ‘Ukraine’, as a title, gained its political and geographical role in the 19th century

Author: turned into a geographical name Ihor Hyrych even though it was rarely men- tioned in politics and the arts. Eth- he Ukrainian ethnonym is nically, the then population of actually quite recent. It modern Ukrainian territories iden- emerged in the 19th century tified themselves as . Twhen the national issue After the was de- arose on a European political level. clared in 1721 and the Left-Bank So why were Ukrainians forced to Hetmanate and Slobozhanshchyna quit their original names, Rus and were annexed to it in the 18th cen- rusky, as they were widely known tury, the need arose to differenti- in medieval and earlier new times? ate between the population of the Ukraine as a title was first used then Ukrainian provinces and eth- to define the frontier terrain of the nic Russians, especially after Mus- Pereyaslavl Principality in the Hy- covites monopolized the Kyiv Rus pathian Codex in 1187. As a terri- heritage along with its Rus title. tory, Ukraine was present on Guil- laume de Beauplan’s map from the UKRAINIAN FEAR mid-17th century, which made this Some say Ukrainians lost the ideo- geographical name well-known in logical battle when they quit the Western Europe. Scholars claimed traditional Rus name because the that the word originated from whole world knew the Old Rus okrayina, a Ukrainian word to de- state and this mixed old Ukrainian scribe the outskirts on the frontier history with the Russian back- between the Polish-Lithuanian ground. Commonwealth and the Steppe. The new word to define the na- Muscovite war commanders used tionality had always made the the title with the same meaning for Ukrainian elite uncomfortable, Slobozhanshchyna1 which was col- hence the reluctance of some onized by people from ‘Naddnipri- Ukrainian historians to use old- anshchyna’, or ‘Dnieper Ukraine’. Ukrainian rather than old-Rus, or Terra lectuals for a historical memory in Incognita. th The territory of modern Ukraine, Ukraine-Rus rather than Kyiv Rus; Guillaume de the 19 century was the battle for except for the Crimea and which was more of a tribute to the Beauplan's independence of the so-called Kyiv Halychyna, was otherwise called Russian interpretation of history. map dated Rus heritage. Its winner got the le- ‘Great Ukraine’, in the 17-18th cen- Both latter terms are artificial, yet 1648 promoted gitimate right in the eyes of the ed- turies. the first one sounds more familiar Ukraine's new ucated part of society to stake their During the Khmelnytsky Up- due to soviet history, while the se­ name in Europe claim over Ukrainian terrain. rising from 1648 to 1657, Ukraine cond one was forgotten after the in the 17-18th included Kyiv, Bratslav and empire banned teaching Ukrainian centuries THE NEW NAME Chernihiv Provinces which were history from the Ukrainian per- In their early days, the first Ukrai- all ruled by the Hetman. In fact, spective. By contrast, the French nian budyteli2 faced a tough chal- various historical sources show or Germans have never been em- lenge: the old ethnonym rusky (Ru- that several territories were called barrassed to refer to their Gaulish thenian) and the new malorusky “Ukraines” over the 13-18th centu- or Frankish background, as old- (Little Russian) had an inevitable ries. In the 19th century, the title French or old-German history is common root with the Russians respectively known. 1 Sloboda Ukraine was a historical region which developed 2 Literally translated into English as “awakeners”, these and flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries on the south- Notably, the original war be- were activists campaigning for national, cultural and lan- western frontier of the Tsardom of Russia. tween Ukrainian and Russian intel- guage revival of Slavonic peoples. 40|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012 rus vs ukraine|history THE RUS-UKRAINE DILEMMA Scenarios of origin In his book ‘The ’ published in Prague in 1927, Serhiy Shelukhin, historian and law ex- pert, insisted that the name Ukraine traced back to pre-Rus times originating from ukry, a power- ful unknown ancient people. He of- fered this hypothesis as a counter- weight to the claims about the name coming from the word ‘okrayina’, translated as suburbs, that was pop- ular in Russia. The most popular and academically reasonable scenario, though, was offered by Lonhyn Tseh- elsky, a writer and civil activist, in his ‘Rus-Ukraine and Muscovy-Russia’ brochure, first published in 1901. He described how Muscovy usurped the historical name of Ukraine-Rus, re- vealing the imperialistic background of using Rus during the tsarist colo- nial policy of the 19th century, and proved that dropping the name for Ukraine, the new one, made sense, particularly to those Ukrainians who had once struggled to preserve their identity and not melt in one pot.

Why the Russian World? Until 1917, Ukrainians called their northern neighbours ‘velykorosy’, the great Russians, based on the ide- ological reasoning behind the triune “Russian tribe.” In USSR times, when soviet identity was constructed man- ually, the resulting soviet nation was referred to as ‘russki’. Modern Russia replaced it with ‘rossiyanie’, yet the Kremlin still wants to see a suprana- tional term in the word russki used as an umbrella name for Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians. guillaume de beauplan's map, 1648 de beauplan's guillaume and automatically became part of Dropping historical eth­ by the title Ukraine in the early the Russian cultural environment, nonyms was not uncommon in Eu- 20th century. part of the Russian World. There- ropean nations. Romanians, for Mykhailo Maksymovych3 split fore, Taras Shev­­chenko, Mykola instance, quit their earlier secular Ukrainian history into four phases Kostomarov and Panteleimon Kul- Vlach, Moldovan and Transilva- including Ukraine-Rus of the ish, the leaders of the ‘Brotherhood nian names to adopt a new politi- princedom epoch, Ukraine of the of Saints Cyril and Methodius’, cal title. Eventually, they took the Lithuanian-Polish Commonwealth chose Ukraine as the name for the mythological title that brought period, Cossack Ukraine and the territory of Naddniprianshchyna them closer to the heroic back- New Times Ukraine, by contrast to which was totally different from ground of the Roman Empire. Ini- the Russian threefold scheme of Russia. This embodied the heroic tially, their neighbours saw this as Kievan Rus, Muscovy Rus and Pe- folklore image of the Cossack Ep- unreasonable, strange and impu- ter’s, or Petersburg Rus. och (16-18th cent.) Middle Nad­ dent, but the Romanian state was The sole fact that Ukraine was dnipriansh­­chyna embodied the na- established after the Russo-Turk- used as a title for the nation signaled tional spirit. It was supposed to ish War had promoted the new the intention of Ukrainian intellec- cover the entire millennium of Rus- name effectively. In the late 19th 2 Mykhailo Maksymovych (1804-1873) was a well-known Ukrainian history, from the times century, nobody felt as irritated by Ukrainian naturalist, writer and historian, who contributed of princes until the ‘New Times’. it as the Russians and Poles were to Ukrainian folklore and ethnography among other things. № 9 (32) june 2012|the ukrainian week|41 history|rus vs ukraine tuals to segregate from the cultural Ukrainians called heritage, the state and the history of come on the on intellectuals to drop the Little their neighbours. And the move scene: Russian and Ruthenia concepts. The first po- turned out extremely revolutionary litical tractate He was active in Lviv starting from in terms of its impact. The new in Naddnipri- 1894, exactly when Rus was ulti- name drew a clear line between the anshchyna by mately replaced by Ukrainian. The interests of the two nations and set Mykola Mikh- process was accompanied by the up ground for national, cultural, his- novsky fixed the fading Russophile attitudes and torical and philosophical differentia- new name of the victory of modern national tion. Moreover, the national revival the nation thinking in Halychyna. and the expansion of the literary Despite the massive rise of a language in the 19th century could national identity in the early 20th not have happened without the new century, colleges in Halychyna still ethnonym. had almost 50% Russophiles. Pro- The term Ukraine denoted a fessor Kyrylo Studynsky, the future completely different historical status President of the Taras Shevchenko of Ukrainian territory. The new Academic Society, lamented about name offered a different perspective this in a letter to Mykhailo Hru- on the terrain imperial intellectuals shevsky. Russian-Ukrainian am- had presented as the source of Rus- bivalence and the evolution of the sian statehood, where ancestors of ism and therefore it grew popular ethnonym Ukrainian under the Muscovite tsars had once ruled; the among Russophiles. tsarist rule in Naddniprianshchyna Orthodox culture, allegedly com- In the mid-19th century, was more visible than the Polish- mon for Russians, Ukrainian and Ukraine-Rus was coined as a new Ukrainian ambivalence in Eastern Belarusians, had been cherished term to replace the Old Rus or Kyiv Haly­­chyna. Even Volodymyr An- (promoted as the cradle of the three (Kievan) Rus. Paulin Święcicki4, a tonovych5 was listed among schol- brotherly nations concept in soviet great supporter of Ukraine, began ars of both nationalities, let alone times); and the Great Rus had using the name Ukraine-Rus inten- other historians, including Ivan sprouted from Little Rus. Moreover, tionally in ‘Selo’ (The Village), a Luchytsky and Volodymyr Nau- it changed the understanding of Lviv-based newspaper, in the early menko who mostly qualified politi- Naddniprianshchyna’s colonial sta- 1860s. And it turned into a histori- cally as Russians until 1917. tus in the Russian Empire and the ography term in the 1880s when Mykhailo Hrushevsky was among existence of Ukraine’s own state- Oleksandr Barvinsky used it to de- the first intellectuals who identified hood along with its cultural, reli- scribe the princedom epoch in his himself as a Ukrainian. In the mid gious and language traditions. history textbook. Historian Vo­­ 1890s, a large group of the Naddni- Imperial spin doctors realized lodymyr Antonovych also prefer­­red prianshchyna elite joined him, in- this. Therefore they only allowed the the name. When Kyiv and Lviv cluding Oleksandr Lototsky, Serhiy name Ukraine in Naddniprian- Ukrainians started talks about co- Yefremov, Vasyl Domanytsky, shchyna during the revolution of ordinated action in 1885, they Oleksandr Cherniakhivsky, Ivan 1905-1907. Until then, newspapers agreed to use the name Ukraine for Lypa, Mykola Mikhnovsky, Borys and magazines would face penalties territories inhabited by Ukrainians Hrinchenko and many more. for using the name on maps, while both in the Austro-Hungarian and Ukrainians reached the point artistic groups with Ukrainian signs the Russian Empires. of no return before WWI. Rus was were closed down all together. After It took a while for the Ukrainian no longer associated with Ukraine the Coup of June 1907, a new wave name to catch on. In the 1880s, ac- and from that point on, the name of imperialistic chauvinism and po- tivists in Eastern Halychyna still only referred to Moscow. In his litical reaction surged through the ‘Revival of the Nation’, Volodymyr country. As a result, Ukrainians were The Ukrainian ethnonym Vynnychenko used rusky (from qualified as “people of foreign race.” Rus – ed.) only for Russians. contained a new The Ukrainian ethnonym con- LIVING UNDER THE NEW NAME genetic code tained a new genetic code. It pre- Semantically, Ukrainian identifica- served identity and facilitated a tion did not take over the dominat- modern national culture, prevent- ing Russian one overnight. My­­ used Rus in the titles of their societ- ing Ukrainians from melting with khailo Maksymovych designed or- ies, while the ‘Dilo’ (Action – ed.) Russians in the big imperial pot. thography based on the common publication used Mykhailo Maksy- The name, which could be heard Rus roots concept. It allowed movych’s orthography in the early more and more commonly, de- Ukrainians to see vowels spelled as 1890s. Even the reorganized Taras noted a new national quality and they were in Russian, while in fact Shevchenko Academic Society was the breakaway from the long-last- reading them the way they sounded still described as a Ukrainian-Rus ing Orthodox universalism that in their native Ukrainian words. An Society, as was the Rus-Ukrainian could have pushed the Ukrainian arrow over the word дôм (house – Radical Party, the first national-ori- dilemma in the Russian direction ed.) was supposed to be read as ented political force of Eastern in the 19th century with no option dim, the way it sounds in Ukrai- Halychyna. of return. nian, rather than dom as in Rus- 4 Paulin Święcicki (1841–1876) was a Polish writer, journal- 5 Volodymyr Antonovych (1834 - 1908) was a prominent sian. Maksymovych’s orthography ist, playwright and translator. He was one of key figures in Ukrainian historian and a leader of the Ukrainian national caused national psychological dual- the Ukrainian national revival. awakening in the Russian Empire. 42|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012 navigator|reviews & event calendar films BackstreetC hampions Akhtem Seitablayev, a Ukrainian director of Crimean Tartar origin, born in Uzbekistan, presented his new film, “Chempiony z Pidvorittia” or “Backstreet Champions”, in the Ukrainian pavilion at the Cannes Film Festival

UW: Social films are not as popular in Cannes as stances that are against them are the most they are at the Berlinale. What was the reaction interesting plots for theater and films. to your film? When I read the news about this match, – I didn’t go to the premier. I had to give where a Ukrainian football team, made up away my invitations because too many people of homeless people won the game, I imme- wanted to see it. At the press-conference, diately wanted to make it into a film. “We though, I received many compliments for the will now be proud of our homeless people,” way the film was made and for the concept, as a journalist summarized the film at a press- well as for the end where the Ukrainian an- conference before we went to Cannes. But them is played. One thing that was extremely in fact we urge the audience to be proud of important to me was to keep everything people who found the strength to rise from tasteful without plummeting into pseudo-pa- the bottom and win. thos and remain at the peak of emotional ten- sion, which any tiniest little thing or contro- UW: Does it feature any references to your fam- versy could easily turn into failure. ily, which was forcibly resettled from Crimea along with other Crimean Tartars? UW: Your film is about homeless people playing – I really appreciate this question. Tar- football and winning. Some can see it as being tars have never actually been vagrants, but overly ambitious, others see it as a social film. they have experienced this kind of life, the How did you view the initial plot and why did feeling of being kicked out of life. They you choose this concept? were not even in the list of former USSR – I’m sure that breaking point situa- nationalities. Sevastopol was liberated on tions and how people survive all circum- 9 May 1944 and my people were deported

Events 29 June, 7 p.m. 29-30 June, 11 a.m. 12-16 July, 10 a.m. Placido Domingo FаnARTia: Electronic Days ArtPole 2012 Sofiyska Ploshcha Lviv Opera House Square Dnister bank (St. Sophia Square) (28, Prospect Svobody, Lviv) (Unizh, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast) Kyiv World’s best electronic musicians Synergy is the key concept behind This summer, the renowned Spanish will come together on one stage to the festival, blending energies, tenor will sing for Ukrainian opera leave the audience with drive and actions, as well as the ability to feel lovers for this first time ever. Shar- inspiration for the summer. The each other and the world around. ing the title of the best tenor on the list of performers features GOLDIE This summer, ArtPole will feature verge of two centuries with Luciano & MC LOWQUI, the founder of the Mitch & Mitch (Poland), Airtist Pavarotti, Domingo’s repertoire drum & bass genre and British (Hungary), Red Cardell (France), numbers more than musician, producer and DJ; KRYPTIC Transglobal Underground (UK), Deši 124 operas, includ- MINDS, one of the most progressive (the ), DakhaBrakha ing La Traviata, dubstep projects; and ATOMIC HOO- and Perkalaba (Ukraine), and many Otello, Carmen LIGAN, the popu- more bands, art- and many others. lar breakbeaters. ists and perform- Placido Domingo The festival will ers. In addition sings in leading also offer the to the music opera theaters all audience video programme, the over the world and art projects, audience will see acts in films. He workshops and land art projects, has several awards performances. master classes including the Birgit and perfor- Nilsson Prize. mances. 44|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012 reviews & event calendar|navigator on 18 May, all accused of treason. Yet, statistics CD prove that all Crimean Tartar men aged 18 and older fought in the Red Army. Indeed, my film has refer- The Best Pessimist. Love is… ences to the history of my people, but it hurts when I Founded in 2009, the project of Odesa-based see homeless children. I’m a father of four and I Serhiy Lyniov is a savvy mix of instrumental know what it’s like when kids are three years old post-rock, electronic and ambient music. The and searching for their own identity in life. tracks feature piano and keyboards alongside guitars as lead instruments. The Best Pessimist’s UW: The message in your film is similar to that in Danny trademark mood is melancholic, joyful and Boyle’s “Slumdog Millionaire”: everyone is able to achieve romantic. The latest record has more symphonic anything in life. Or is it more of a patriotic concept where sound to it, although this has always been an even homeless Ukrainians have talents? integral component of Serhiy’s music. Now, it – My priority is to show more than a social mes- sounds similar to Mono, the Japanese guru of sage or problem, especially with a film that asks post-. questions and does not offer solutions. I wish life was as simple as showing people what they could do Dead Faith, Insider to live happily ever after. If that were possible, The dark psychedelic Kyiv-based band founded someone would have come up with a recipe for a back in 2004 changed many times before happy life a long time ago. The guys in the film won eventually finding its current sound. Volodymyr the championship. What next? Nothing. That’s what Kuchynsky and Oleksandr Naumenko are the matters. The government is not interested in put- Dead Faith of today. The band’s latest record ting the homeless on a pedestal, even if they won a is perfectly in line with its familiar style, often world championship, unlike Manchester United or compared to that of Depeche Mode. In some Real, for instance. UNESCO also deals with the ways, Insider is a perfect album leaving the homeless and has statistics showing that 70% of impression of an honest creation well-thought people taking part in such championships change out in the tiniest detail. their lives for the better. Dakha Brakha & Port Mone, UW: You appear to be quite ambitious. When asked “Who Khmeleva Project is your director” in a questionnaire you answered “Me”. The album is a co-production of the Ukrainian – (Laughing) It was a joke, actually. I’m very crit- ethno-house gurus and the Misk-based Port ical of myself and I can say exactly what I can and Mone band. Despite the familiar sound and style cannot do. The guy that answered “me” as “my direc- of Dakha Brakha, the CD turned out to be an tor” can forgive me many things, understand me and exotic compilation compared to all of its previous calm me down. Meanwhile, he can tell me “you’re recordings. Khmeleva Project has an intimate nothing” at night. I’m my own biggest critic. sound, a meditative ambience as well as a smooth arrangement. Surprisingly, melodies play the Interviewer: central role. The ultimate experiment appears to be Yaroslav Pidhora-Hviazdovsky well-done and very original.

13-21 July 14 July, 2 p.m. 26 July, 7 p.m. Odesa International Film Global Gathering Argentine Tango Legends Festival Ukraine 2012 Odesa Oblast Philharmonic Festival Palace Chaika Airfield (15, vul. Bunina, Odesa) (3, vul. Panteleimonivska, (Petropavlivska Borshchahivka, The world’s best tango dancers will Odesa) Kyiv-Sviatoshyn District) perform at Tango D’amore, the 4th For the second time now, Ukraine The list of headliners of Global International Festival of Argentine will host the International Film Gathering 2012, the biggest inter- Tango in Odesa. Couples from Festival in Odesa, including a national open air dance festival in Argentina and Turkey will show competition of feature films and Continental Europe, will feature the the public the passion of dance to retrospectives and a non-competi- London-based duo Chase & Status music by Pasional Orquesta. The tion programme. This summer, the Live that plays drum & bass elec- brilliant dance and vibrant music festival will offer open air shows tronic music; Gareth Emery, one of will allow everyone in the audience dedicated to silent films. Jerzy the youngest trance DJs in Mag Top- see their own tango; passionate, Stuhr, Polish actor, director 100, will take over fierce, sentimental and President of Krakow from them. The list and sensitive, or Film Academy, will chair the of headliners also light and playful. judges of the competition. In includes Belgian The live sound, addition to the main awards liquid funk DJ and vibrant tango and and the Golden Duke Grand producer Netsky raw emotions will Prix, the winners will receive and Gui Boratto, touch every soul. additional awards. This year’s Brazilian legend prize pool constitutes USD and king of similar 50,000. festivals. № 9 (32) june 2012|the ukrainian week|45 navigator|nouveau riche: behavioural pattern

Vanity Fair The dream residence of today’s Ukrainian nouveau riche resembles the kind of luxury restaurant craved by generations of soviet and post-soviet mobs

Author: ou can learn a lot about a the nouveau riche Ukrainian will This is what chic looks like Oleksa person by examining his not miss the chance to throw a through the eyes of former gang- Mann home. Interiors betray the soviet carpet purchased through sters with primitive tastes and Ypsychologies of their own- black market connections in 1983 great wealth. First, they reluc- ers, allowing outsiders a glimpse on his rosewood floor. tantly changed from their favou- of their lives, insecurities, philos- rite sweatsuits into Brioni suits, ophies and achievements. Like a LIFE IN A RESTAURANT hiding massive golden chains un- mirror, an interior reflects a per- Interior photos of Viktor Yanu- der the collars of their pink son’s character, revealing the kovych’s residence in Mezhyhiria shirts. They can hide or remove world he has arranged around are a good source for psychologi- their prison tattoos, but their himself and speaking volumes to cal, sociological and artistic inves- home will still reveal much of the careful observer. This is tigation. To me, his dacha looks their essence. They might build a where he lives, entertains guests like an overpriced hotel restau- mansion in the middle of a na- and relaxes. The owner’s charac- rant in a vacation resort. An en- ture reserve surrounded by secu- ter is plain to see even in an inte- tire social phenomenon is encom- rity and think that it is well hid- rior designed by the best profes- passed in one house – the dream den. For some reason, this is a sional. Once the intricate details of living in a mansion that resem- typical desire of this social group, of surfaces, colours, textures, fur- bles a soviet-era luxury restau- from presidents to car wash ty- niture and lamps are complete, rant. coons.

46|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012 nouveau riche: behavioural pattern|navigator

The trend of building man- The interior Metropolis or Astoria, archetypal between Ukraine and Western sions that resemble fancy restau- of the fancy restaurants from the soviet countries arrange their living rants—with bookcases of pricey Mezhyhiria movies of their childhood. This spaces here and there. They build rare wood, marble pillars, gold- mansion and sort of restaurant-home is two aesthetically opposite places. framed mirrors and Svarovski the hunter crowned with a nice shiny chan- In France, for instance, they cabin in chandeliers that cost as much as a Sukholuchchia delier with hundreds of dangling might build a place to wow the lo- three-bedroom apartment in ornaments that puts the owners cals, cramming it with antique Kyiv—reveals the owner’s attitude into the desired “restaurant and designer furniture, artwork, toward the country. This class trance.” marble statues, 16th century tap- views the entire country as a res- The designers of Turkish and estries and other stuff for “them.” taurant, a venue for temporary re- Egyptian restaurants at five-plus- In Ukraine, they build a normal laxation with lackeys to serve another-few-star hotels seem to house where their cronies will feel them. They can spit in a lackey’s have borrowed this trick because comfortable in their usual envi- face and still get their food and these are the vacation destina- ronment. drinks served, or beat up the Spot tions wealthy Ukrainians prefer. Viewed in the context of cha- staff—because that’s what gang- The coolness of the restau- otic urban construction, the de- sters sometimes do in restaurants, rant-home is bound to impress struction of historical monuments especially with all the impunity the cronies who visit to party and and razing of parks, the trend they enjoy. Also, they aren’t in- 10 sing songs from their good old looks perfectly normal. The nou- clined to leave tips because differenceS prison past. The brilliant, solid veau riche shape the environment they’ve “spent a load of money walls free them to do all the things in which they want to live. To here anyway.” In the meantime, they could not do in prison. After them, the era of perpetual rule they feel free to flip tables, shatter prison, though, comes party time. ended with Brezhnev, then every- plates and throw up on the pol- What better place to relax after thing began spinning and chang- ished marble floors. such emotional stress than a res- ing faster than the flicker of a taurant where clients walk the red strobe light. Moreover, their “PARTY TIME” PHILOSOPHY carpet like movie stars and ser- prison experience does not con- Chic is an integral part of the par- vants help them take off their fur tribute to their feeling of stability. tying process. For a progressive coats, park their limousines and Everything in the country appears nouveau riche Ukrainian at the treat them with a shot of vodka temporary to them, so they don’t height of his glory, chic means and caviar before they walk feel like they need to hide some- temporary glitter, first and fore- through the door? thing when they fill the country most, that requires huge financial Fancy with tasteless castle-like man- investment to create. He has no restaurants HERE AND THERE sions or blatantly steal taxpayer need for artwork or designer preferred by Architects and designers tell money. This is all the result of un- tricks. The most important thing Ukraine's rich many funny stories about how certainty and the sense that mate- is for the home to resemble the and powerful Ukrainian nouveau riche who live rial possessions are fleeting.

№ 9 (32) june 2012|the ukrainian week|47 culture & arts|festivals 12 Summer Music Events that are not to be missed Author: Bohdan Butkevych

ZAZ 7 June, 7 p.m. Palats Ukrayina (Ukraine Art Palace, 103, Velyka Vasylkivska vul., Kyiv) Despite all of its troubles, Kyiv is no longer a blank spot on the European arts map. The upcoming ethno-jazz performance from French rising star Isabelle Geffroy, better known as ZAZ, is proof of this. Over the past two years, her Je Veux video has taken the Internet by storm and her 2010 debut record has gone platinum. Now Ukrai- nian music lovers will have their chance to savour the sound of this Prosto Rock festival young singer. 12 June, 6 p.m. (opens at 4 p.m.) Chornomorets Stadium (1/20 Marazliyevska vul., Odesa) Revived after a 10-year hiatus, Pro- sto Rock will celebrate its fifth anni- versary this year, preceded by an- nual festivals from 1997-2002. The festival returns with a great list of performers, including the legendary Linkin Park (pictured) who will per- form in Ukraine for the first time, and the UK-based Garbage, whose army of Ukrainian fans has waited years to see the band. Ukraine will be represented by Boombox, gurus of the local rock scene. All this will blend into an excellent one-day ur- ban festival of modern music.

Noel Gallagher’s High Flying Birds 13 June, 7 p.m. International Exhibition Centre (15, Brovarsky Prospect, Kyiv) Luckily, Noel Gallagher, songwriter for The Rasmus the band Oasis and author of most of 26 June, 8 p.m. their hits, included Kyiv in his newly Stereoplaza (17, Kikvidze, Kyiv) established band’s tour schedule. The The Finnish rock band comes to Ukraine as part of a tour tour began shortly after the release of promoting their new album. It has sold over 3.5 million al- the band’s first critically acclaimed al- bums worldwide, and has been awarded eight gold and bum. The record has won numerous five platinum records. Their most popular songs includeIn awards and become a best seller. This the Shadows, First Day of My Life, Livin’ in a World Without is definitely event No.1 for true fans of You, Sail Away, No Fear and more. The last time The Ras- British music. mus played a gig in Ukraine was in 2006. This summer, the band is bringing a tremendous show.

48|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012 festivals|culture & arts 12 Summer Music Events

Global Gathering Ukraine 14 July 2 p.m.-6 a.m. Chaika airfield (Petropavlivska Borshchahivka, Sviatoshyn District, Kyiv) Chase & Status Live (pictured) will headline this year’s biggest electronic music event. The band has become extremely successful over its 10-year career, issuing two records—the latest of which has gone platinum twice. Listed as the best band by Best of British-2011, it has won five Drum & Bass Awards. Global Gathering Ukraine-2012 will also feature trance DJ Gareth Emery, Belgian liquid funk DJ and producer Netsky, legendary Brazilian-born DJ Gui Boratto and many others.

The Best City 29 June-1 July, Novoselytsia Park Summer Sound Griboffka (Novoselivka, Novomoskovsk International 28 June – 30 August (Grybivka, County, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast) Ovidiopol County, Odesa Oblast) A new venue on Ukraine’s festival The festival’s ambition this year is map, The Best City will be a pleasant to beat Kazantip, its hugely popu- surprise for all music fans. Organizers lar Crimean competitor. Summer promise to turn it into an annual cele- Sound 2012 will be the longest- bration of European quality music. The lasting festival in Ukraine. Organiz- list of performers for the debut festival ers have not yet revealed all par- has something for everyone, with sev- ticipants, but the known perform- eral stages featuring Evanescence(pic - ers include top DJs from all over tured), Crazy Town, Brainstorm, Apollo the world, such as Dusty Kid, leg- 440, DDT, Splin, Leningrad, as well as endary French dance DJ Joachim some popular Ukrainian bands, includ- Garraud (pictured), German house ing VV, Boombox and Haidamaky. The DJ Jerry Ropero, the UK’s Above & Breakthrough stage will provide a Beyond, and popular rock bands, chance for new bands to show off their including Liapis Trubetskoy and chops. Visitors to the festival website Green Grey. This is shaping up to can vote for their favorite applicants, be a two-month long non-stop and the top 25 bands will get to per- beach party. form at the festival.

Red Hot Chili Peppers 25 July, 7 p.m. NSK Olimpiysky (55, Velyka Vasylkivska vul., Kyiv) This is a fantastic treat for the US funk-rock band’s many generations of committed fans! The legendary band will perform at Ukraine’s biggest arena as part of a tour promoting its latest album titled “I’m With You.” Kasabian and The Vaccines, two popular UK bands, will open for the group. 48 tons of German equipment will be installed for the show. This is a must- hear performance for anyone who believes that music should be some- thing more than just background noise in the car.

№ 9 (32) june 2012|the ukrainian week|49 culture & arts|festivals Banderstadt 24-26 August, Lesia Ukrayinka park (Lutsk) Ukraine’s most patriotic rock festival is celebrating the 70th anniversary of the UPA (Ukrainian Insurgent Army) this summer. Organizers are in the process of negotiating performances by TNMK (pictured), Haidamaky, Komu Vnyz and Plach Yeremiyi. Audiences will witness a three- day celebration of Ukraine’s true spirit in a picturesque Volyn town.

Madonna 4 August, 7 p.m. NSK Olimpiysky (55, Velyka Vasylkivska vul., Kyiv) As a final celebrity and financial smash of the year for Ukrainian music fans, the pop queen is visiting Kyiv as part of her Dance Party Tour to pro- mote her MDNA album. Luckily, Kyiv ended up on the list of 26 cities she will tour starting in late May. The contemporary pop music icon puts on unforget- table shows that have been selling out for 25 years now. To avoid standing in long lines, make sure you arrive two hours early.

Jazz Koktebel 30 August-2 September, Koktebel, Crimea The annual jazz celebration on the Black Sea coast holds a few surprises this year. The festival will begin with Korn the live release of Rabkor, translated 29 August, 7 p.m. as “Slavecore,” a new album from Lia- Stereoplaza pis Trubetskoy (pictured) on 29 Au- (17, Kikvidze vul., Kyiv) gust. Although their sound cannot be The legendary California-based strictly classified as jazz, listeners will founders of nu-metal are coming not be disappointed. On 30 August, to Kyiv. The explosive cocktail of audiences will be surrounded with true grunge, funk, groove-metal, indus- jazz for all tastes and preferences from trial and hip-hop has been blow- Nino Katamadze, Magnus Lindgren, ing up the minds and ears of its Mamas Gun, Silver Wedding, Pur:Pur fans since 1994 when the band is- and Katia Chilly, to name a few. sued its first record. Korn then joined the list of the world’s best- selling rock bands, selling over 50 million records worldwide. The band has received six Grammy nominations and won two awards. This summer, Ukraine will be intro- duced to “The Path of Totality,” a 2011 album featuring dubstep parts from Skrillex in addition to Korn’s usual heavy sound.

50|the ukrainian week|№ 9 (32) june 2012 kyiv biennale|culture & arts

Allegoria Sacra by AES + F art group

Euro 2012. The art space was also organized jointly with Poland with nearly 25% of the artwork exhibited being created by Ukrai- Arsenale 2012 nian artists included in the spe- cial Polish-Ukrainian project Author: n 24 May – 31 July, the munt Bauman, Simon Sheikh and “Double Play”, supervised by Fa- Daria Trusova Art Arsenal is hosting other acclaimed left-leaning in- bio Cavallucci, the curator of Za- “Arsenale-2012”, the 1st tellectuals encourages visitors to mek Ujaz­­dowski, a contemporary OKyiv International Bien- Art Arsenal to see that the “neo- art centre in Warsaw, and Olek- nale for Contemporary Art. The capitalist order is not eternal and sandr Soloviov, Deputy Director main programme titled “The Best the only one against which it is of the Arsenal. “This project is a of Times, The Worst of Times ... impossible to protest” by looking unique opportunity for artists, Rebirth and Apocalypse in Con- at artwork “that stifles the in- curators and critics from both temporary Art” is likely to attract stinct of acquisition in people and countries to meet, find common most of its audience. David El- awakens in them the instinct of interests, as well as outline their liott, the curator with an Austra- an explorer.” identities, differences and simi- lian-Japanese-Swedish-Turkish In addition to the discussion larities,” the announcement says. background, killed two birds with platform, Arsenale offers a pro- The participants seem to have one stone, luring those interested gramme for intellectuals intro- different motivations for visiting in politics with the quote from ducing visitors to all key figures Arsenale. “Some don’t even realize Charles Dickens’ novel about the on the contemporary art scene. In they are actually going to Ukraine,” French Revolution in the first cooperation with Centre Georges one of the organizers says. “They part of the title, and those expec- Pompidou in Paris, Arsenale don’t care about the destination. It’s tantly waiting for the end of the trained quite a few guides to navi- just that we formulated the theme world in 2012 in the second. gate the public through contem- in an interesting manner and they Yekaterina Diogot, a Moscow- porary art behind the chilly walls want to respond to it. Some, such as based curator of the Arsenale dis- of the Arsenal art complex. The Boris Groys, have never been to cussion platform called “Art After large number of volunteers is not Kyiv before. Many are simply inter- the End of the World”, hopes that the only common element bring- ested in seeing Ukraine in the post- Boris Groys, Anton Vidokle, Zyg- ing together the biennale and soviet context.” must see Installation by Shigeo Toya Allegoria Sacra by AES+F The project that the Japanese The Moscow-based group artist brings to Arsenale features will present a video installa- burnt trees that look like skyscra­ tion entitled “Purgatory”. It pers in the biggest cities of today, is the latest part of their such as New York or Tokyo. If any large triptych that portrays catastrophe occurs that kills all an airport hall inhabited by living creatures, these skyscrapers characters presenting a will one day be reminiscent of clash of cultures, civiliza- trees and cities will turn into tions, ethnic groups and po- “forests” buried in ash. litical views. № 9 (32) june 2012|the ukrainian week|51