ТЕKA. COMMISSION OF MOTORIZATION AND ENERGETICS IN AGRICULTURE – 2016, Vol. 16, No.3, 101-108

Modern state of natural landscape complexes of Zaporizhzhya area

Valerij Lysenko, Yulia Chebanova

Tavria State Agrotechnological University , Zaporizhia obl, Мelitopol, ave. B.Khmelnitsky 18, 72310, e-mail: [email protected]

Received September 01.2016: accepted September 05.2016

Summary. Formation of modern landscapes of thousand years ago. In this time middle climatic Zaporizhzhya region occurred in the Holocene period. indexes were set at level near to modern. Such terms During the Holocene wet phase changing climate fairly assisted forming of steppe zonal type of landscape. At arid, warm - rather cold, but the average climatic the same time internal zonal differentiation of indicators were close to modern. These conditions correlation of heat and moisture from a north contributed to the formation of steppe zonal type of southward assisted forming on the south of zone of landscape. However, due to prolonged exposure to stripe of wormwood-cereal dry steppes with darkly- diverse steppe landscapes economic impacts associated chestnut soils, middle stripe of fescue-feather-grass with mismanagement of their natural potential and steppes with black earth south and north stripe of herb increasing human pressure on the natural environment fescue-feather-grass steppes with black earth ordinary. has been transformed natural landscapes and change However, the protracted economic use of natural their properties. The result of this action was that the landscapes and increase of anthropogenic pressure on a area landscapes drastically reduced. Zaporizhzhya natural environment resulted in the multi-level changes region was the most economically mastered in all of properties of natural landscape complexes mainly regions of Ukraine. toward their worsening and certain complications of To further study the issues to optimize territorial landscape structure of the Zaporizhzhya area. environmental management of the region, the article As a result landscapes of steppes, and especially reproduced a modern structure of landscapes area. The landscape complexes of Dry Steppe on the now are area characterized Zaporizhzhya region lowland class and type steppe landscapes. Three subtypes of most changed for the Zaporizhzhya area as a result of landscapes: the north, middle and dry steppe. Each the protracted operating on them of the heterogeneous subtype is divided into land. Within North steppe economic influences related to the inefficient use them subtype isolated Dniester-Dnieper and the Left-Bank self-potential. Transformation of natural landscapes Dnepr-Azov province. Medium steppe subtype is and change of their properties became the result of represented by the margin, and dry steppe - scalene anthropogenic activity. In the present limits of Black sea-Azov. The most popular items on the the Zaporizhzhya area the unchanged or unregenerate optimization of environmental management are landscapes actually did not remain - in a greater or less landscaped areas and areas of morphological units measure they tested direct or mediated anthropogenic within them. That level reflects the nature of the influence. Here upon in the administrative limits of the landscape area inside the area landscape Zaporizhzhya area natural landscape complexes with differentiation. Within the Zaporizhzhya region the conditionally natural state were saved only on allocated 7 landscaped areas: highland Azov, highland- separate, mainly small areas useless for the Dnieper south slope, Kinsko-Yalinska low-lying, low- agricultural, industrial or recreational use - steppe lying Azov, the Dnieper- low-lying, steep slopes of river valleys and beams, litoral stripe of Western Azov-slope highland and lowland Prisivasko- , in podah [3]. Priazov. Key words: landscape structure, economic use of OBJECTIVES natural landscapes, Zaporizhzhya area, steppe, An aim of work is determination of modern landscape areas, soil, optimization of nature use. structure and landscape features of territory of the INTRODUCTION Zaporizhzhya area for optimization of nature use.

Exposure of structure and landscape features of THE MAIN RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH territory, power for a substance connections between The landscape structure of the Zaporizhzhya area nearby landscapes, configuration and properties of is presented by unity of territorial formations of flat landscape borders the decision of the applied problems class of landscapes. The landscape structural division predefined by a necessity, in particular optimizations of territory predetermines a selection in her limits of of nature use of concrete territory. row of landscape complexes of dry land. This division THE ANALYSIS OF RECENT RESEARCHES intersperses with numerous off-shore (streamside, AND PUBLICATIONS seashore) and equatorial by the landscape complexes of sea of Azov with his estuaries and bays, Kahovka The modern landscapes of the Zaporizhzhya area storage pool, other storage pools, ponds and river river- were formed in a holocene period [1,2], about 16 beds. All of them combine the system of connections 102 V. Lysenko, Yu. Chebanova and relations, form single "landscape space" [4]. His More shallow division of natural landscapes gives variety and features are caused by different an opportunity to define landscape edges, areas, descriptions and types of co-operation of basic districts and morphological structure of every productive landscape factors - geological basis, relief, landscape, that consists of localities, natural boundaries climate, soils, water, vegetation and living organisms. and facies. Their selection is related to heterogeneity of The system of natural landscape complexes was relief of earth surface, different degree of the ground here upon formed with unique and unique in space moistening, different amount of the got sunny heat, landscape picture. His basis is presented by the different vegetable groupments. Most highly sought framework lines of relief (Priazovska sublimity, black from positions of optimization of rational nature use sea Region and Priazovska lowlands), river river-beds are landscape areas and morphological units of level of (Dnepr, Milk, Berda and other), coastline of sea of localities in their limits - watershed, upland, Azov and Kahovka storage pool. Landscape atwatershed slopes, apt-terraced, streamside. Exactly configuration is complicated by the features of natural the level of landscape area represents character of and climatic terms of territory, that entailed inside the area landscape differentiation taking into distribution within the limits of the investigated account of that is needed at the ground of regional territory of steppe landscapes with subzonal charts of optimization of nature use [6,7]. northsteppe, mediumsteppe and by drysteppe Hypsometric the greatest landscapes within the complexes. limits of the Zaporizhzhya area are presented Priazov More detailed analysis of landscape structure Upland by a landscape area. She repeats the outlines of showed that hierarchically the landscape complexes of the Priazov performance of the Ukrainian crystalline north-western part of the Zaporizhzhya area belong to shield the configuration. Near bedding of crystalline the Dniester-Dnepr northsteppe edge, Left-Bank breeds of the Priazov array of the Ukrainian crystalline Dnepr-Azov of northsteppe edge (north and east parts shield, frequent exits of granites and granitoids on a of territory), black sea Region secondarysteppe edge daily surface, the beam for gullies complexes deeply (western, central and south-east parts of territory), cut in crystalline foundation assisted most maintenance Black Sea and Azov drysteppe edge (extreme south of of natural landscapes due to more subzero territory of the Zaporizhzhya area). In their limits, anthropogenic loading on them [5]. corresponding to them is distinguished on properties The axial width of the landscape area 30 km landscape areas and concrete natural landscape high, the surrounding landscape highland also be complexes (fig. 1). considered, especially its southern and southeastern As basic indicators of naturalness of northsteppe slopes. Due to the high hypsometric position and slope landscape complexes fescue-feather-grass and fescue- areas dominated erosion systems are well developed feather steppes come forward on black earth ordinary, and belong to the cool slopes. The northern and for secondarysteppe landscapes is a fescue-feather northwestern slopes are more gentle, but also active xeropolum on black earth south, and for soutusteppe is erosion. the wormwood-cereal rarefied vegetation on darkly- The feature of the landscape is close and frequent chestnut soils. But actually this vegetation was saved occurrence of Precambrian crystalline rocks exits to the only on uncomfortable for till earth (on about 5% from surface in the form of residuals. In addition, there are the general area of area). Id est actually all upland more atmospheric moistening of the larger altitudes earth is thrown open. higher thermal resources. The result is the formation Typical north subzone steppes remained on narrow and development residual outcrops-watershed, countries between, halophytic of their variation - on the watershed wavy, ravine, gully, atvalley, river- south and south-west slopes of erosive network, floodplain and terraced areas. petrofitnye - on outcrops or in the places of the near Remnant-watershed areas occupy a small area and bedding of crystalline breeds. In northsteppe subzone is the best preserved in their natural state districts. This here and there on the slopes of beams and river valleys is due to close and frequent occurrence of granite there are the gully and atwalls forests that in other outcrops at surface. Soils formed at outcrops base subzone of steppe grow only on their bottoms [5]. material (gravel, fine gravel) and a low loess loam. The In mediumsteppe subzone from the greater deficit soil is represented mostly varying degrees washed of moisture, less productivity of vegetable cover and varieties ordinary and southern black soil on loess more intensive mineralization of vegetable remain less rocks [8,9]. At the bottom beams onwashed common powerful little humus south black earth was formed, types black earth and meadow soils [10,11]. with high potential fertility. A landscape structure is Natural meadow and steppe vegetation found on comparatively homogeneous. Her regional abolitions steep slopes in the form of herbaceous plant are related to apt-sublime and by low-laying area communities petrophytes, motley-cereal options landscapes, them river-valley and beam girder gully northern steppes. On the rocky outcrops are trees and dissection, by the certain change of bioclimatic terms shrubs grouping of apple, pear, hawthorn, elm and westerly east. others. Common here are also the crown of oak- Dry steppe below in all in a hypsometric relation. forested ravine complexes. At the bottom of valleys Characterized by considerable droughtyness, by and gullies have spread thinlylegged-bent bows, and domination of wormwood-cereal vegetation on darkly- the black soil, granites atcalving - forb-grass steppe chestnut and chestnut soils. Combination of separate [5]. In the surrounding localities local natural steppe critical climatic factors, exit, on a seashore assists vegetation is modified as a result of grazing. forming of pied landscape structure. MODERN STATE OF NATURAL LANDSCAPE COMPLEXES OF ZAPORIZHZHYA AREA 103

Nizhnomolochansky landscape

-

Atmanaysko-Utlyutsky landscape

Priazov Priazov

Askanіysko-Podіvsky landscape

lowland area lowland Prisivashsko

steppe

AzovRegion -

-

y

- Primorsko-Berdyansky landscape Dr

Tokmatsko-Korsatsky landscape

Black sea Black

West West

Molochansk-Novovasilіvsky

elevated Region elevated apt Priazovskaya Verhnoutlyutsky landscape

- Velikoagaymansko-Sitkulsky

chansk chansk egion

R Menchikursko-Timoshovsky landscape Dnieper

steppe

-

Molo lowland area lowland

Velikobіlozersko-Orlyansky

Black Sea Sea Black

Medium

Melekіnsko-Novoazovsky landscape

Priazov Berestovsko-Starchenkіvsky

Steppe landscapes Steppe lowland area lowland

- Chernіgіvsko-Rozіvsky landscape

Serednogaychursko-Kashlagatsky

Priazov Dneprovsko

Upland area Upland - Dnіprovsko-Kіnsky landscape

Bank

-

Priazovsky edge Priazovsky -

Velikoluzky akvatorіalny Left

area

Kіnsko lowland Yalinska Kamyansko-Dnіprovsko-Energodarsky

steppe -

Vovchanske-Nizhnegaychursky North -

Sinelnikovsko-Volnjansky

Dniester

- Dnieper

- Region Region Lower-bazavlutsko Tomakovsky

South Dnieper

elevated inclined

Upper Sursky landscape

Fig 1. Structure of natural landscapes of the Zaporizhzhya area (it is made an author after [12]) 104 V. Lysenko, Yu. Chebanova

The highest survival phytocenoses Priazov highland limits, to the slope erosive and rocky, beam for gullies landscape in the region is represented places of and valley-beam, floodplain-terraced, streamside. granites (Belmak Tomb, Tomb Blue Tomb Korsak) and The flat-undulating terrain of high watersheds Reserve "Stone Tombs". occupy small areas interfluves Tomakivka and rivers Watershed undulating terrain is most common in Dnieper. They are autonomous and background, the Priazov Upland (before 50-60% of the area). Wavy describing the entire region as a whole landscape unity. lines gives them inherited inequality loess cover the Integrity emphasizes only type of combination tracts - crystalline basement and intensive processes of linear actually watershed, talus-slope and hollow. With all and planar erosion. Flat land actually available, other landscaped areas, they represent the greatest most surfaces – gently sloping. Common upper value to agricultural production. erosion Network (basin and ravines), where most Due to the dense surface dismemberment most originate Priazov rivers (Molochna, Byrd, Kalchik, common slope areas. In the valley of the Dnieper River Kalmius Obitichna and, Lozuvatka) and the Dnipro and its tributaries form the terrain slope strip width basin rivers (Kinska, Wolf, Haychur etc.). Natural from a few dozen to several hundred meters. Their wheatgrass-campfire-grass vegetation is kept small combined within erosion slope on the ravine on the because of the continuous plowing. sedimentary and erosion and denudation with rocky Ravine-beam areas occupy 40% of the hill. On the outcrops of rocks shield. southern and southeastern slopes of the hill Slope hilly and undulating terrain watershed a downcutting erosion depth is 80 m and the rapidity of raised, flat surface wavy landscape area excised the slopes - to 90º [10]. The northern and north-western numerous short beams, deep (80 m) embedded in the slopes dissected smaller but higher intensity ravines. hollows and the surface of the Precambrian basement. On the slopes of ravines and gorges dominated varying The crystalline basement rocks Dnieper granitoid degrees of black soil washed away, and their bottoms - complexes lie close to the surface and they determine onwashed and meadow species. Natural meadow and the relief features of the area. Watershed slopes and steppe vegetation gentle slopes agrocenoses cultural gullies often split ravines. More than 65% of take- change. On steep slopes dominated by xerophytic beam ravine eroded areas of black earth and herbaceous and shrub communities, oak crown of whenvalley ravine-beam areas with heavily eroded gullies forests and shelterbelts. For bottoms of gullies soils. Density ravine-beam network reaches 1 km / km2 common meadow-steppe vegetation, which is used as and the river in view of the river to 10 km in length - hayfields and pastures. 0.15-0.2 km / km2. [13-15] The general slope - the Whenvalley common ground in areas of transition south-east to the Dnieper. Celerity ravine slopes and ravine-beam grid in the river. A characteristic feature ravines in areas ranging from 5 to 15º or more, which is their across the slope striations: the slope makes medium and high degree washered soil. The distinguishes three bands - the upper, middle and most eroded slopes adjacent to the Dnieper River. lower. The top is the top of the hill below the edge and Slope limited areas suitable for business due to the a high degree of washing, the actual lack of soil, sparse high probability of manifestation of erosion and vegetation. Average - with rocky outcrops and erosion deflations processes. So intense land use within them furrows, covered with thickets of blackthorn, hawthorn (arable) is irrational. and grassy petrophytes. Soils strongly washed away. Rocky common areas within or near exits The lower part - accumulative mainly with alluvial occurrence of crystalline rock shield - on the slopes, in soils, more moisture and forb vegetation. Whenvalley the bottoms of erosion forms. They are not suitable for areas used in low-quality pastures. agriculture in general. River-terraced terrain found along the river Floodplain-terraced areas occupy a small area channel in a narrow (300 m) bands of the first and south of the city. Zaporizhzhya, in the valley of the second terraces. Characterized highly productive soils Dnieper River. It developed areas three to five levels of with a predominance of zonal types. Actually the terraces, often poorly expressed and undivided [10,11]. terrace is used in intensive agriculture, and their slopes Terraces with predominantly black soil plowed with - for grazing. sandy - crops planted pine. Natural vegetation is Floodplain areas virtually absent, as deeply incised preserved in a transformed on slopes terraced ledges. river valleys and narrow. Many flooded areas flooded Floodplain areas consist of tracts of high and low as a result of creating a network of ponds and floodplains, heads of large beams. High floodplain reservoirs as water reservoirs for fish breeding. Where such segments are flat areas with sandy and loamy high flood areas preserved, they are used as high- alluvial meadow soils blackearth like high fertility. performance pastures, and low - as grasslands. They are used for growing vegetables and forage crops. Intensive changing landscapes Azov highland Low floodplain presented with a combination of a landscape area are the result of processes of linear and narrow strip of grassland and meadow marshes, which planar flush, human impacts (regulation of flow, are used as hayfields. plowing coast slopes and rivers). The soil landscape area represented ordinary black South-Dnieper-inclined elevated a landscape area loess medium to heavy loam and clay character and, in is located in right-bank part of administrative territory places close occurrence of crystalline rocks - gravely. of the Zaporizhzhya area. Flat localities of increase Within watershed areas and common not wash and watersheds, hilly and wave, are widespread in these slightly eroded black. The humus content in them ranges from 1.5 to 2.5%. They are poor in nutrients, in MODERN STATE OF NATURAL LANDSCAPE COMPLEXES OF ZAPORIZHZHYA AREA 105 particular nitrogen and phosphorus. In retreating composition close to natural and submitted watershed, riverine and beam at 1-4º slopes rapidity, psammophytic and petrophytic species. and on steep slopes (5-15º more) severely eroded Slope areas Priazov highland landscape area are common medium and soil, their share reaches 30% of closer to the Dnieper River and near the Priazov the total area of land. On steep slopes erosion Upland. In the Dnieper lane they found a large amount processes are of high intensity. Within flood plain due to occurrence of near crystalline rocks. Soils on the areas distributed mainly meadow loamy soils. On the slopes of the poor and often absent, vegetation close to slopes terraced areas, the black loam, sandy and loamy. the natural - xerophytic, petrophytic, efemeroidna, Vegetation remained weak due to the high shrub. The farm is mainly used for grazing. proportion of arable land (at various times up to 80% Among the floodplain, terraced upland areas of the land), pastures and pastures (up to 8% of land). common terrace on the Dnieper (width 5.10 km) Wolf, Cover natural plants remained at about 2% of the Haychura (2-5 km wide). They hilly terrain the western modifications grazing - 8%. He is represented by submitted sandy hills, basin, oxbow lakes and formations of herb-fescue-grass steppe with base in wetlands. Soils – black earth like on carbonate herbage dense turf cereals - feather grass, fescue. substrate. Forest vegetation and sandy steppe sparse. Kinsko-Yalinska a low-laying area landscape area About 25% upland terraces under cultivation, about the is located on left-bankness of Dnepr, in north and same as used in hay and pasture. north-eastern parts of administrative area. Her feature Floodplain areas differ most humidification, is confinement to the transitional stripe from Dnepr- spreading sod-gley and meadow black soil, often saline Donetsk dimples to the Priazov performance of the soils. Meadows at present used as natural grasslands in Ukrainian crystalline shield. A quaternary cover is the most humid places - like grasslands. formed under act of the melted waters of the Dnepr Priazov low-laying area landscape area is located glacier. Characteristic presence of layers of foods of on the extreme southeast of the administrative weathering of the ancient breeds taken away by Zaporizhzhya area and occupies her insignificant part. superficial water-courses from Priazov and Donetsk Melekinsko-Novoazoysky is presented by a landscape sublimities. A distinguishing feature from other landscape areas is monotony of landscape complexes in district. Before 10 kilometre is stretched out by a stripe her limits. along the sea of Azov, beginning from left-bankness of Hypsometric she is subjacent the already Beard and to the administrative border with the considered landscape areas. The flat-watershed are Donetsk area. widespread in her limits, valley-beam, beam for Hypsometric territory below than the already gullies, to the slope, apt-terraced and streamside described landscape areas. The characteristic sign of localities. her landscapes is flatness of territory, that is Watershed-plain areas occupy the largest area conditioned by distribution of formation basis from (55% of) [13]. They are characterized by flat-sloping neogene limestones, with declivous regional bias terrain with developed medium and ordinary black soil southward, toward the sea of Azov. Erosive humus, formed under wheatgrass-campfire-grass and dismemberment weak, watersheds have flat surfaces. forb vegetation steppe north. They are intensively used Seaside location field landscape diversifies in agricultural production and is almost completely landscape areas within it. In the watershed, erosion- under cultivation (90%) than the upper erosion beam, atvalley-slope, river-terraced and flooded areas network. are developed ancient marine terraces and abrasion- Floodplain-terraced terrain features for the terrain, ravine-talus areas of steep coastal slopes. soil and vegetation similar to watershed-flat except for Watershed areas occupied most of the area, are flat water-ice deposits terraced foundations, higher humus or undulating areas. Ordinary black humus soils here and better soil moisture terraced. They are used have a high potential fertility. However, agricultural extensively in agriculture. activities within them are not developed because these Valley-beam areas occupy 20% of the territory. lands is a large military training ground. Distributed mainly a surface erosion, linear - only Erosion-beam areas (20-30% of the area) convex steep gullies manifestation of short unbranched conjugated with at watershed, but the absolute mark ravines. The slopes of river valleys and gullies wide, them lower. Here there are outcrops "rocky limestone flat, impetuosity to 6º. Most of the surface is used for floor" mainly pontian tier. Limestone outcrops forming intensive agricultural production. the middle lane slope geocomplex and often cover the Ravine-beam most common areas between the lower slopes of gullies [11, 16-18] .In the tract deluvial rivers Dnieper, Samara, Wolf and adjacent to the slopes, the slopes of valleys and ravines Soil varying Dnieper and Kahovka reservoir slopes. Despite the fact degrees washed in bottoms - pan soils. Overall, poor that within the mentioned areas dominated washed soil and vegetation greatly attenuated. These areas are ordinary black humus and thin, most of them plowed the formation of a military test site used by locals as under crops. In areas close to the occurrence of pastures. crystalline rocks humus soils very washed away, and Terraced river-developed areas in the valley Byrd. sometimes absent altogether. Saved vegetation These limits soil and vegetation degraded due to represented wheatgrass-campfire-grass and forb intensive economic activity (on flat surfaces - arable vegetation. On the granite outcrops vegetation land on the slopes of terraces - overgrazing). 106 V. Lysenko, Yu. Chebanova

Floodplain areas developed in the river Beard. The completely plowed except for coastal protection strips width of the floodplain to 2 km. Its large swamps and and beams. dense cover of meadow marsh vegetation have West Priazovskaya apt-elevated a landscape area is contributed to the high level of preservation of stretched out by a wide (to 40-50 kilometre) stripe, landscapes and significant maintenance of biological fringing Priazov sublimity westerly and south. diversity. At present floodplain Beard is part of Priazov Occupies, her south-west and south western slopes, National Park with various environmental regimes. inclusive with the middle flows of Milk and her Areas ancient marine terraces on landscape inflows, Korsak, Lozuvatki, Obitochnaya and partly - features close to areas watershed slopes. Submitted Beard. The personal touch of territory is predominance young the watershed area within which marine of slope surfaces with many erosive forms as channels sediments overlain by loess layer. of superficial flow, prevailing of south black earth Abrasion-ravine-talus areas of steep coastal slopes under a fescue-feather vegetation that was saved on the stretch narrow coastal strip along the Sea of Azov. slopes of erosive network (river valleys and beams). Their formation caused by abrasion wave-cut activities The South steppe analogues of all localities are and composition of rocks coast. presented in her landscape structure – relict water Dnieper-Molochansk a low-laying area landscape sensible, water sensible wavy, beam for gullies, beam- area is located in centrally-east part of the valley, erosion and slope, river-terrace, streamside. An administrative Zaporizhzhya area, in a country between outlet to the sea of Azov intersperses with a landscape of Dnepr and Milk. The feature of landscapes are flat structure localities of marine terraces, abrasion-stick plains territories, without plasticity her central part, ravine and by localities of modern marine plains. confinement to the different pools of flow (north part - Ostantsevo-watershed areas cover about 6% of the the Black sea, south - Azov) and put considerable surface area of the landscape. Characterized by close distribution of steppe beneath such lowering. In her bedding of crystalline rocks and thin sedimentary annual limits of upland locality prevail with cover. Granite-outs are Korsak Mogila and others. on depressions and hearths, localities of hearth-expance of the slopes of ridges and graves developed schebenysti- annual limits plains, there is a beam for gullies and gravel washed varieties southern low humus black localities of at walley slopes. earth soils. In agriculture uses small, but potentially Interfluves upland areas with widespread black soil dangerous for these areas is the development of of the highest growth class actually completely plowed minerals - granite as a building material and (over 96% of arable land) under cultivation of crop ferruginous quartzite as raw materials for the steel production. Altered soil cover intensive irrigation industry. reclamation. Natural fescue-grass vegetation upland Watershed-flowing areas located around actually changed the whole crop. ostantsevo-watered, fringing them outside. Occupy Hearth-terrain expanse interfluves plains is a about 30% of the surface. Their characteristic feature is feature-Molochansk Dnieper rivers. They are inherited from the surface of the shield undulating distributed in the central part of the drainage and terrain, often with close occurrence of basement rocks partially in the South. They consist of cases, like (granite or limestone). It formed the upper talus slopes lengthy depressions and shallow gullies - expanses. and erosion network. The area is characterized by the highest degree of Ravine-beam area extended to 45% of the human change. Vegetation and cases and expanses landscape area. They represented a system of beams represented meadow marsh and meadow-steppe groups distributed through large hill slope length. Rivers are that composed mainly rhizomatous grasses (wheat characterized by a rapid fall in the longitudinal profile grass hearth, brome, aspen black spikes and early). and high erosion ability. The characteristic soils are Ravine-beam common areas in the north and black southern humus and salty; the bottom beam confined to the valley slopes Kahovka reservoir. systems - meadow black soils in salty halophilic Characteristic of them is the presence of neogene meadow vegetation. The dominant medium and outcrops of limestone, sandstone, marl, sand. This first severely eroded soil, and erosion bottoms networks - stage pontian species that overlapping red-brown clay bathed. Upper erosion network almost entirely under and loess rocks. The soil is represented by ordinary cultivation, transformed with natural vegetation, which black humus in loess sediments. On the bottom beam in modified grazing condition kept on steep slopes and systems - alluvial meadow soils gley, marshy places. ravines in their bottoms. Vegetation is represented by fescue-grass formations. Ravine-beam complex down the hill are moving in In the lower beams - herb-meadow vegetation and the beam-valley. This is due to the dominance of hygrophilic [10, 16-18]. lateral erosion at the bottom of the slope versus deep at Ski slopes whenvalley common in the south, in the top. Erosion take the form of another species - their places of transition in sewage drainage area. Presented width is greater slopes - a gentle, sodded fescue-grass tops of catchment basins Utlyuk Large, Small Utlyuk, vegetation. Used mainly by locals as pastures. Taschenak and several bars. The general slope - to the Erosion and slope areas distributed small bands south in the same direction is the development of river width (100-200 m) along river valleys. Characterized valleys. Differentiation of soil much because of by erosion of many transverse grooves and short subzonal southern black soil spots are dark chestnut whenvalley ravines. Consequently, the near crystalline soils. The vegetation is preserved in plowed slopes, but array outputs breeds often have a board, and then from degraded due to overgrazing. The surface is almost it – rock floor outputs pliocene limestones. Erosional MODERN STATE OF NATURAL LANDSCAPE COMPLEXES OF ZAPORIZHZHYA AREA 107 activity is high. Black soil mainly severely eroded and area. In fact, they are all under cultivation except for washed, incompletely developed, gravely. some and used for growing crops. Terraced river-developed areas along the river Erosion-beam landscaped areas set smooth outlines Molochna, individual sections of rivers and Yushanly relief, small amplitudes heights. Beams are wide and Kuroshany, Korsak Obytichna, Kiltychiyi, Beard. Most shallow, relatively short. Relief promoted their active rivers are allocated first and second terraces, and milk - use in agricultural production, as virtually all of them is a third-fourth and fifth-sixth above the floodplain, except waterlogged and saline bottoms under often undifferentiated. All land river terraces cultivation. lightweight texture plowed fescue-grass and meadow River-terraced terrain is best expressed in the plants replaced by crops. lower reaches of the river valley Molochna, on the left Floodplain areas common to all rivers, but most of bank of which are allocated to six undivided terraces. all they are expressed in r. Molochna [19,20]. Here Some of their sites appear on the left bank district. floodplain width reaches 4 km (south of Great Utlyuk near the village. Davydivka. They plowed Staroberdyanskoho forest). Soils meadow black, under agricultural production. Terraced ancient alluvial brackish. Salinization chloride sulfate. Meadow steppe plains with sandy-loamy common on the right bank of vegetation and sedge-grass, very altered grazing and the Milky estuary. Most are under cultivation, and in mowing. Some surface floodplains around population some areas in order to consolidate the sand created a centers and within them cultivated in gardens, some massive afforestation (Radyvonivskyy, Strongman, abandoned arable land and abandoned. Shelyuhiskyy forests). Areas of coastal terraces drag strip with heights of Areas take minor floodplain area and expressed 30-40 meters along the coast of the Azov Sea. best in the valley Molochna, Great and Small Utlyukiv, Presented lowland plains, where rock shield covered Taschenaka. The width of the floodplain small (100- neogene marine sediments. Upland areas of southern 200 m) other than milk (5 km). Flood level is not black soil humus extensively used in intensive expressed. The main direction of economic use of flood agricultural production. Among the watershed - band areas - pasture and rates for fish breeding. erosion downcutting that drain surface the watershed. Common narrow strip (5 kilometers) along the Presented valleys of small priazov rivers and elements coast of the Azov Sea and its estuaries. They are erosion network. The farm used mainly as pasture. characterized by weak wood loess plains spreading Areas of modern sea beaches and plains are chestnut saline soils. In fact, they are all under accumulative spits. They are the soil is poorly cultivation in agricultural production. developed and presented options for turf soils with Along with the coastal localities are humble the varying degrees of salinity. These areas are under watershed coastal abrasion halogen areas, sometimes active development and reorganization, so do not feel alternating with them. They are weak tirage in relief the intense pressures. For the agricultural areas of hollow prone gullies and valleys with wide bottoms modern marine plains values and do not represent in saline and talus slopes with chestnut and meadow-dry agricultural production are used. Instead, they are steppe chestnut saline. There Utlyutskyy along the widely used in recreation. coast estuary and the Gulf Syvashyk. Talus slopes Prisivashsko-Priazov low-laying area landscape mostly cultivated, others covered with degraded area occupies extreme south and south-west part of the meadow-grass steppe. administrative Zaporizhzhya area. In a hypsometric Areas of coastal plains coastal halogen distributed relation it most subzero from surfaces with bias within the coastal spits - Fedotova Peninsula Biruchiy, southward, the absolute marks of that hesitate in limits Siltings Stepanivka. This common shell-sand islands from 40-45 m in north part to 0 m on a south. A and pour with underdeveloped sod and brackish soil. landscape structure consists of localities of annual limits West hearth the watershed, hearth expanse, CONCLUSIONS erosive-beam, river-terrace, streamside, seashore Thus, on the basis of analysis of flat class of mionectic the watershed, seashore coastal halogen landscapes the division of natural landscape complexes plains, seashore abrasion and seashore erosive of the Zaporizhzhya area is certain inclusive to the By the river west-hearth upland areas common to district that is a necessity at consideration of question 60% of the area. Distributed in poorly drained loess of further optimization of nature use. plains. A characteristic feature is their varying degrees REFERENCES of salted salty dark brown soils with high potential 1. Sirenko N., Turlo S. 1986. 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