"Clinical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the REPOSE System"
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Florida International University Anesthesiology Nursing Program Dr. Jürgen Osterbrink RGN, MN (HP), Ph.D Professor Direct To Desk (49-911) 3982046 E-mail: [email protected] October 15th, 2004 Dear Mr. Seghers, Please find attached the final results of the study: "Clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of the REPOSE system" Sincerely yours, Dr. Herbert Mayer 1 Prof. Dr. Jürgen Osterbrink 2 Gerhard Schröder3 1 Biometrician, scientist at the Institut für Pflegewissenschaft Private Universität Witten/Herdecke gGmbH 2 Florida International University, Miami, USA 3 GSK Kommunikation, Uslar-Sohlingen Table of Contents 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................3 2 Research literature ........................................................................................................ 6 2.1 Comments on research literature.............................................................................................6 2.2 Knowledge of pressure-reducing systems in the literature...................................................7 2.3 An overview of the literature according to the criteria..........................................................8 2.3.1 Prevention studies.........................................................................................................10 2.3.2 Therapeutic studies.......................................................................................................22 2.3.3 Treatment and therapeutic studies ..............................................................................30 2.3.4 Other studies .................................................................................................................33 2.3.5 Study methods ..............................................................................................................35 2.4 Summary of literature.............................................................................................................42 3 Study objectives and question formulation............................................................45 4 Design and course of study ........................................................................................45 4.1 Design ......................................................................................................................................45 4.2 Criteria for terminating the study ..........................................................................................47 5 Instruments...................................................................................................................47 5.1 Measurement of decubitus ulcers .........................................................................................47 6 Data analysis.................................................................................................................50 7 Ethical considerations.................................................................................................50 7.1 Risks.........................................................................................................................................50 7.2 Volunteer nature and informed consent................................................................................51 8 Results ............................................................................................................................52 8.1 Age of sample group ..............................................................................................................54 8.2 Gender in sample group.........................................................................................................56 8.3 Number of wounds.................................................................................................................56 8.4 Duration of wounds................................................................................................................57 8.5 Wound stage............................................................................................................................60 8.6 Wound sites .............................................................................................................................60 8.7 Prognosis of overall condition...............................................................................................61 8.8 General wound healing ..........................................................................................................63 8.9 Weekly changes in wounds ...................................................................................................64 8.10 Statements on satisfaction with the system.....................................................................72 8.11 Direct comparison of support systems............................................................................74 8.12 Comments on the system: ................................................................................................76 9 Cost estimate.................................................................................................................78 10 Conclusions..............................................................................................................80 11 References................................................................................................................82 2 1 Introduction The aim of this study plan is to provide proof, required for inclusion as (health) aids in the aid catalogue for Germany - product group 11, of the effectiveness of a support aid for the prevention or treatment of bedsores (decubitus or decubitus ulcers). The system under review is called REPOSE, a static air chamber system consisting of integrated air chambers coated with a pure polyurethane shell. Polyurethane is an extremely elastic and stretchable material - it can be stretched ix-fold without tearing or losing its elastic resilience. The qualities of the polyurethane shell facilitate optimum effectiveness of the air chambers and reduce shear and friction stress. It is characterised by a smooth, supple surface, which is antibacterial, anti-allergenic and non-irritant (eudermic). According to the manufacturer the system is not wa- ter-permeable, but breathable. The REPOSE system is produced by the company Frontier Thera- peutics, Newbridge Road Industrial Estate, Blackwood, South Wales NP12 2 YN. REPOSE has been available on the international market for six years and was developed with the support of Cardiff University in England. Based on the structure of the system, warming of the skin, a contributing factor in the develop- ment of bedsores, is avoided. Heel protectors, seat cushions and mattress overlays together form a multimodal treatment concept. The company Frontier Therapeutics thereby provides a product to be subjected to clinical exami- nation with respect to its preventive and curative properties. The background for this new development by the Frontier Therapeutics company includes cur- rent and future demographic growth, which will entail not only an increase in older patients, but also and specifically a rise in the number of patients with multimorbidity. Against the backdrop of patients' aging the assumption should be made that a promoting the mobility, orientation and 'well-being' of these patients will guarantee not only the quality of the individual facilities, but the quality of care and therapy on the whole. The number of in-patients treated in the Federal Repub- lic of Germany, for instance, rose considerably from 13.8 million in 1990 to 16.3 million in 1999. The number of hospital facilities, on the other hand, declined over this same period of time. 3 Progression Krankenhaus-Cases Source: Statistisches Bundesamt, Einrichtungen des Gesundheitswesens, www.statistik-bund.de KH-Cases 16.500.000 16.261.000 15.952.070 16.000.000 15.510.578 15.500.000 15.231.877 15.001.593 15.000.000 14.626.639 14.500.000 14.385.416 14.233.471 14.000.000 13.924.907 13.776.912 13.500.000 13.000.000 12.500.000 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The diagram below, moreover, shows that the number of days of care decreased by almost ¼ during the decade, with a simultaneous rise in patient numbers of 18% and a reduction in hospital stays of 35.9%. This implies for individual facilities that not only more patients, but also patients with multimorbidity have to be treated and cared for. Performance and efficiency increase 1990 - 2001 Care days in millions 209.8 162.8 16.6 Patients in millions 13.8 15.3 Hospital stays in 9.8 days 1990 2001 www.statistik-bund.de 4 Out-patient or ambulatory care has also risen considerably during the same time period (1990 – 1999). Development in healthcare facilities: Source: Federal Bureau of Statistics Wiesbaden: Healthcare facilities (www.statistik-bund.de) Federal Ministry of Health (www.bmgesundheit.de) Number 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Hospitals 2447 2411 2381 2354 2337 2325 2269 2258 2263 2252 Ambulatory care facilities 3928 10824 11730 12833 Year In-patient care facilities 4317 8048 8078 8541 Care and rehabilitation facilities 1063 1181 1209 1245 1329 1373 1404 1387 1395 1398 A groundbreaking study was conducted in Belgium under the auspices of the Belgian Ministry of Health in this connection; it compared the care intensity in acute care hospi- tals between 1989 and 1994. Overall results indicated that during this