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Kaedah Rehabilitasi Berbanding Kaedah Punitif

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Kaedah Rehabilitasi Berbanding Kaedah Punitif KAEDAH REHABILITTASI BERBANDING KAEDAH PUNITIF : PRO DAN KONTRA Definisi Rehabilitasi • Proses membantu mereka yang telah melakukan kesalahan seperti jenayah militan atau kesesatan agama melalui kaedah rawatan pemulihan untuk kembali ke pangkuan keluarga dan masyarakat. Definisi Punitif • Suatu hukuman terhadap individu atau kumpulan sebagai balasan kepada pelanggaran peraturan atau arahan yang telah dilakukan mengikut peruntukan undang-undang sesebuah negara berperlembagaan. Kaedah Punitif Berbanding Deteren • Merupakan hukuman • Merupakan satu peringatan terhadap seseorang individu terhadap individu untuk disebabkan oleh kesalahan menjauhi sesuatu yang telah dilakukan. larangan/perintah. • Dalil al-Qur'an berkaitan • Dalil al-Qur'an berkaitan Punitif punitif: Lelaki dan perempuan deteren: Jangan kamu yang mencuri, potonglah Deteren hampiri zina, sesungguhnya tangan mereka sebagai zina itu adalah suatu balasan terhadap apa yang perbuatan yang keji dan suatu mereka kerjakan dan sebagai jalan yang jahat (yang siksaan dari Allah. membawa kerosakan). (Surah Al-Maa'idah ; 5: 38). (Surah Al-Israa'; 17:32). • Berdasarkan contoh di atas, • Berdasarkan contoh di atas, hukuman memotong tangan kerajaan boleh mengambil bagi negara yang langkah untuk memisahkan melaksanakan hukuman lelaki dan perempuan di hudud adalah contoh kepada masjid dan tempat awam hukuman punitif. bagi mencegah penzinaan. • Hukuman bagi kesalahan khalwat adalah deteren bagi mengelakkan penzinaan. 1 Jenis-jenis Jenayah Militan Tindakan umat Islam yang telah ataupun ingin berjuang atas nama jihad di bumi Syria bagi menyokong golongan ISIS ataupun ISIL adalah sia-sia kerana perjuangan mereka tidak tergolong sebagai jihad dan kematian mereka juga tidak dikategorikan sebagai mati syahid mengikut kerangka Hukum Syarak. Majlis Fatwa Kebangsaan Malaysia • Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ISIL • The Levent merujuk kepada wilayah sekitar Syria termasuk Lebanon, Israel, Palestine dan Jordan • Islamic State in Iraq and Syria ISIS • Al-Syam merujuk kepada wilayah Syria yang ditawan • Islamic State IS • Kumpulan ini menggugurkan dua perkataan di hujung untuk mendapatkan pengiktirafan masyarakat dunia tentang khalifah yang mereka isytiharkan sendiri • Al-Dawla al-Islamiya fi Iraq wa ash-Sham DAESH • DAESH merupakan singkatan nama dalam Bahasa Arab 2 Kenapa Orang Terpengaruh Dengan Militan 1 Tidak memahami konsep jihad, Daulah Islamiyyah dan Khilafah Islamiyyah. Tidak boleh membezakan antara aliran Salafi dan Wahabi sehingga 2 beranggapan aliran Salafi lebih Islamik dan lebih suci berbanding aliran arus perdana. 3 Merasakan diri lebih baik berbanding orang lain sehingga merasakan hanya mereka yang layak masuk syurga. 4 Ingin mendekati agama Islam untuk menebus kesilapan lalu secara jalan pintas dan menjadi pengebom berani mati untuk mati syahid. Mempunyai fahaman agama yang cetek dan beramal mengikut tafsiran sendiri 5 melalui media sosial (Whatsapp dan Youtube) sehingga dipengaruhi oleh fahaman ISIS. Beranggapan agama Islam itu terlalu “eksklusif” dan menolak untuk 6 memahami keindahan Islam sehingga timbul rasa bermusuh dengan orang bukan Islam dan bersikap keras sesama Muslim yang tidak sealiran. Kecetekan pengetahuan agama menyebabkan mereka mudah terpengaruh 7 dengan hadis-hadis palsu atau hadis lemah yang dimanipulasi oleh kumpulan ISIS. Tidak memahami sejarah dan peradaban Islam sehingga terpengaruh dengan 8 perjuangan ISIS yang ingin menegakkan Khilafah Islamiyyah sebagai tiket ke syurga. Menjadi ekstrem dan mempunyai nilai toleransi yang sangat tipis terutamanya 9 terhadap saudara seagama mereka sendiri disebabkan ilmu agama yang cetek dan pandangan yang sempit dari aspek muamalat dan siasah (sosial dan politik). 3 Kaedah Mengelak Pengaruh Militan • Jangan berkongsi atau • Setkan di minda aktiviti dan menyebarkan apa-apa bahan perjuangan ISIS adalah salah. mengenai ISIS. • Tidak perlu kita bersimpati atau • Pelaksanaan undang-undang menyokong perjuangan ISIS. baharu oleh kerajaan (SOSMA, POTA & POCA) yang mana • Fahami bahawa ISIS tidak mempromosi, merekrut, berjuang mewakili orang Islam. menyebar, menggalakkan, membantu, melindungi dan Individu Khilafah yang diisytiharkan mereka tidak diiktiraf oleh menganjurkan aktiviti negara di dunia. keganasan adalah satu kesalahan. • Fahami situasi di Syria dan Iraq • Didik masyarakat untuk pada masa ini adalah perang Masyarakat memikirkan implikasi kepada diri, saudara di antara beberapa keluarga, rakan serta organisasi kabilah atau puak untuk berkuasa sekiranya terlibat dengan aktiviti dan mengawal sumber alam di keganasan. Iraq dan Syria. Ia tiada hubungan dengan jihad atau mempertahankan agama Islam. 4 Kaedah Rehabilitasi Dalam Menangani Jenayah Militan Pro Kontra 1. Pusat Rehabilitasi Yaman ► Dibina dengan kos USD 18-20 juta sebagai ► Perbelanjaan besar bagi Yaman yang persediaan untuk pesalah kembali ke merupakan negara miskin di rantau Arab pangkuan masyarakat setelah dibebaskan bagi pemulihan sekumpulan kecil daripada Penjara Guantanamo. rakyatnya dari penjara Guantanamo. ► Merupakan usaha yang disokong oleh ► Namun, hanya 56 org sahaja dibebaskan. Amerika Syarikat dengan bantuan dari Yang lain masih ditahan disebabkan negara-negara Teluk Arab. (Sumber: Reuters 25 Mac 2013) sokongan secara pilih kasih oleh Presiden Amerika Syarikat. ► Di sebalik usaha ini, masih terdapat satu daripada jaringan Al-Qaeda yang masih aktif berpusat di Yaman. Persoalannya, adakah tindakan ini suatu yang memberi kesan positif? 2. Pusat Rehabilitasi Arab Saudi ► Lima Pusat Rehabilitasi mewah dibina untuk ► Arab Saudi negara kaya mampu membimbing militan Al-Qaeda. mendirikan Pusat Rehabilitasi mewah ► Bertujuan memperbetulkan pemikiran yang mungkin tidak menjadi realiti pesalah tentang jihad serta keseimbangan kepada negara lain. antara intelektual dan psikologi. ► Kos pengurusan Pusat Rehabilitasi di ► Pusat Rehabilitasi ini boleh menampung Riyadh yang hanya menempatkan 228 3,000 banduan dalam satu masa. orang banduan dimaklumkan setara ► Seramai 2,336 tahanan Al-Qaeda telah dengan pengurusan 10 buah padang menjalani proses rehabilitasi. bola sepak. ► Baduan yang cemerlang dibenarkan ► Pusat rehabilitasi yang bercorak santai, membawa isteri bermalam selama dua hari tidak mengancam malah seolah-olah di suite di dalam kompleks berkenaan. suasana bercuti dan berehat. ► Namun, Al-Qaeda di Arab Saudi tetap meneruskan serangan pada 2003-2006 dan mengorbankan 150 warga Arab Saudi dan warga asing. ► Pesalah dibimbing melalui seminar berkaitan ► Tiada program susulan untuk masalah agama. memastikan bekas tahanan militan yang ► Teknik dialog dan persuasi (berhujah) juga telah dibebaskan setelah proses digunakan untuk membimbing mereka rehabilitasi tidak kembali ke Al-Qaeda. kembali kepada pemikiran rasional. ► Para pengkritik berpendapat pendidikan ► Perkhidmatan bimbingan lain: agama yang diberikan kepada banduan • Sesi kaunseling adalah: • Perawatan SPA • Tidak cukup moderat • Perkhidmatan sauna • Terlalu dekat dengan interpretasi 5 Pro Kontra • Kemudahan olahraga seperti gimnasium kelompok itu tentang Al-Qur’an dan kolam renang bertaraf Sukan • Terlalu dekat dengan pandangan Olimpik. yang disokong oleh Al-Qaeda. 2. Kejayaan Pusat Rehabilitasi Arab Saudi ► Seramai 166 bekas anggota Al-Qaeda dan ► Arab News melaporkan tiada militan militan telah dibebaskan selepas menjalani perempuan yang telah dbebaskan. program kaunseling jangka panjang (munasaha). ► Tidak dinyatakan secara terpeinci bentuk kerjasama yang telah diberikan ► Militan yang dibebaskan dipantau oleh oleh bekas banduan dari Pusat penguatkuasa dilantik. Rehabilitasi ini. ► Bekas militan yang dibebaskan mendapat bimbingan untuk menyesuaikan diri ke ► Belum ada dapatan kajian yang pangkuan masyarakat selain dibantu untuk menunjukkan keberkesanan pendekatan mendapatkan pekerjaan. rehabilitasi ini. ► Pusat Rehabilitasi di Arab Saudi turut mengadakan beberapa program rehabilitasi. Antara topik yang dibincangkan meliput syariah, sosiologi, psikologi, sejarah dan sukan. 3. Kejayaan Pusat Rehabilitasi Malaysia ► Malaysia menyediakan Sembilan pusat ► Tiada program susulan bersama pemulihan di seluruh negara untuk militan banduan untuk mengukuhkan kesan yang ditahan termasuk Pusat Pemulihan program dan latihan yang telah Kamunting di Perak. diberikan. Contoh, menggunakan ► Jabatan Penjara Malaysia berjaya banduan militan yang telah dipulihkan memulihkan 160 daripada 162 orang berkhimat sebagai mentor atau banduan militan yang menjalani hukuman fasilitator dalam program pencegahan penjara di Malaysia. Jabatan Penjara Malaysia. ► Hanya dua orang yang masih menjalani ► Dua orang militan tegar iaitu Yazid program rehabilitasi Jabatan Penjara. Mereka Sufaat dan Abdul Murad Sudin wajar ialah Yazid Sufaat, anggota militan Jemaah dijadikan subjek kajian kes untuk Islamiah yang ditangkap pada 2001 dan Abdul Murad Sudin, seorang peniaga dari mengelakkan kejadian yang sama Teluk Intan yang ditangkap pada 2002 berulang. Profil, personaliti, sejarah, kerana terlibat dengan Kumpulan Militan pemikiran dan sikap mereka diselidiki Malaysia (KMM). agar menjadi bahan rujukan kepada proses rehabilitasi yang lebih berkesan ► Menggunakan pendekatan mengasingkan banduan tegar daripada banduan radikal pada masa hadapan. ringan bagi mengelak mereka saling berkongsi pegangan yang menyeleweng. ► Menempatkan mereka di pusat pemulihan yang sama akan melemahkan proses rehabilitasi. 6 Kaedah Punitif Dalam Menangani Jenayah Militan Pro Kontra 1. Akta Keselamatan Dalam Negeri (ISA) ► Sebelum akta ini dimansuhkan, seramai 75
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