Treinta Coniposiciones Del Trovador Cerverí De Girona
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Romance and Writing: Interpreting the Lyric Domnas of Occitania
Trends in Historiography Romance and Writing: Interpreting the Lyric Domnas of Occitania by Aubri E. Thurmond “I’ll ask you this: when a lady freely loves a man, should she do as much for him as he for her, according to the rules of courtly love?”1 These words are attributed to Maria de Ventadorn, a woman composing in the lyric tradition of the troubadours. From 1100-1300 A.D., Occitania (Southern France) produced over 400 troubadours whose poetry shaped the concepts of romantic love in the West. Their poems, written in langue d’oc, were expressions of fin’ amor, or courtly love.2 According to Paul Zumthor, “Fin’ amor strives toward a desired but unnamed good, bestowable only by a lady, herself identified only by an emblematic pseudonym: a dialogue without reply, pure song, turning into poetry the movements of a heart contemplating an object whose importance as such is minimal.”3 The troubadour was symbolically dependent on the favor of his lady, therefore seemingly giving her power and humbling himself.4 Fin ‘amor was the source of all courtly values.5 However, there were also women troubadours, called trobairitz, in Southern France. The name trobairitz comes from the root trobar, meaning to compose and the feminine suffix –airitz, literally meaning “a woman who composes.”6 The female troubadours did not refer to themselves as trobairitz. In fact, the term trobairitz is only found once in 13th century literature: in the romance Flamenca, when the heroine calls her maid 1 As quoted in Meg Bogin, The Women Troubadours (Scarborough, England: Paddington Press Ltd., 1976), 99. -
An Open Letter of Poetics to Steve Farmer (Revised for the CIPM Newsletter Sept 99)
An Open Letter of Poetics to Steve Farmer (revised for the CIPM Newsletter Sept 99): A letter like this one begins with an apology. I agree with much of what you say and yet I feel whatever I say will be inadequate to articulate the hours we spend in a condition of poetry, or I find it difficult tonight to separate myself from my work and my work with the world. It is an unruly drama of desire and its depiction. A shape, or a sound, a sentence to compose what is and what isn’t. A circulation that travels an ellipse; sometimes it wobbles and then breaks and from that a poem will begin to take form. A figure announcing itself beside itself. It needn’t be fancy: not unlike a dog barking at its shadow, confusing its own sound as the other’s. Or a solitaire in front of the television speaking back to it out of habit. A mother singing in the nursery. A stoner at the light talking to himself with the radio blasting “it’s like this and like that and like this and a.” I balk at description. It fails me just now. I question even this rhetoric. We were talking recently about “aporia,” the difficulty of trying to say what you do at the same time that you mistrust the form in which you have to express it. When you have a sense that things are in free play, that things (the context, the movement of the poem) are more intuitive than outlined, it’s difficult to name what is happening. -
El Conreu Del Lai Líric a La Literatura Catalana Medieval
LLUIS CABRE EL CONREU DEL LAI URIC A LA LITERATURA CATALANA MEDIEVAL Aquestes pagines parteixen de l'estudi que dedica Amadeu Pages al lai uric ja fa una colla d'anys.' D'entrada, doncs, volen revisar l'estat de la gbesti6 a la hum dels coneixements actuals sobre el genere i els poetes catalans que el representen. Aquesta visi6 estrictament tipologica suscita diverses implicacions entre el conreu del lai uric catala i el d'altres literatures romaniques; de manera que la trajectoria del genere permet algunes consideracions d'historia literaria, singularment sobre la concepci6 poetica de la lirica catalana del segle xv. Altrament, ha semblat oportu al qui signa d'afegir al comencament una aproximaci6 al sentit i a his del terme en les nostres lletres, i no tan sols a causa de la complexitat d'aquesta materia, sin6 amb vista a extreure'n despres on rendiment complementari de l'analisi del genere. 1. EL TERME El mot lai, en el seu us en preceptiva literaria medieval, pot desig- nar, com es sabut, tant una composici6 lirica com narrativa, i aixf consta al diccionari Alcover-Moll (DCVB), del qual prenen la definici6 els de 1. La poesie francaise en Catalogne du XIIle siecle a la fin du XVe (Tolosa- Paris 1936), ps. 143-160. D'ara en endavant citat La poesie. L'unic altre intent de sistematitzacio , insuficient pero amb observations remarcables, ds el de Jaume MASSE i TORRENTS, Repertori de l'an tiga literatura catalana. I: La poesia ( Barce- lona 1932), ps. 351-352 i 440-444. (Amb independ encia del resultat de la revisi6 d'aquests treballs, vull expressar el meu agraiment al Dr. -
A Bibliographical Guide to the Study of the Troubadours and Old Occitan Literature
A Bibliographical Guide to the Study of the Troubadours and Old Occitan Literature Robert A. Taylor RESEARCH IN MEDIEVAL CULTURE Bibliographical Guide to the Study of the Troubadours and Old Occitan Literature Medieval Institute Publications is a program of The Medieval Institute, College of Arts and Sciences Bibliographical Guide to the Study of the Troubadours and Old Occitan Literature Robert A. Taylor MEDIEVAL INSTITUTE PUBLICATIONS Western Michigan University Kalamazoo Copyright © 2015 by the Board of Trustees of Western Michigan University All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Taylor, Robert A. (Robert Allen), 1937- Bibliographical guide to the study of the troubadours and old Occitan literature / Robert A. Taylor. pages cm Includes index. Summary: "This volume provides offers an annotated listing of over two thousand recent books and articles that treat all categories of Occitan literature from the earli- est enigmatic texts to the works of Jordi de Sant Jordi, an Occitano-Catalan poet who died young in 1424. The works chosen for inclusion are intended to provide a rational introduction to the many thousands of studies that have appeared over the last thirty-five years. The listings provide descriptive comments about each contri- bution, with occasional remarks on striking or controversial content and numerous cross-references to identify complementary studies or differing opinions" -- Pro- vided by publisher. ISBN 978-1-58044-207-7 (Paperback : alk. paper) 1. Provençal literature--Bibliography. 2. Occitan literature--Bibliography. 3. Troubadours--Bibliography. 4. Civilization, Medieval, in literature--Bibliography. -
Love and War: Troubadour Songs As Propaganda, Protest, and Politics in the Albigensian Crusade
Love and War: Troubadour Songs as Propaganda, Protest, and Politics in the Albigensian Crusade By Leslee Wood B.A., University of Utah, 2003 Submitted to the graduate degree program in Music and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music. _________________________________________ Chair: Roberta Schwartz, PhD _________________________________________ Paul Laird, PhD _________________________________________ Bryan Kip Haaheim, DMA Date Defended: May 25, 2017 The thesis committee for Leslee Wood certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Love and War: Troubadour Songs as Propaganda, Protest, and Politics in the Albigensian Crusade ___________________________________________ Chair: Roberta Schwartz, PhD Date approved: May 25, 2017 ii Abstract: From the eleventh through the thirteenth century, the troubadours flourished in the Occitan courts of southern France. As the artistic and political voices of their culture, these men and women were educated, creative, and well-placed to envoice the cultural and political events of their time. In 1208, Pope Innocent III launched the Albigensian Crusade against the pervasive Cathar sect, which had attracted followers from every stratum of Occitan society, including believers from the most important ruling families. For twenty years, the crusade decimated the region and destroyed the socio-political apparatus which had long supported, and been given voice by, the troubadours and trobairises. By the end of the war in 1229, the Occitan nobility were largely disinherited and disempowered, unable to support the kind of courtly estates to which they had been accustomed and in which the art de trobar had flourished. Many troubadours were involved both politically and militarily in the crusade and their lyric reactions include astute political commentaries, vigorous calls-to-arms, invectives against the corruption of the Catholic clergy and the French invaders, and laments for the loss of both individuals and institutions. -
Universität Institut Für Musikwissenschaft Th
Abschlussarbeit zur Erlangung der Magistra Artium im Fachbereich 9 der Goethe - Universität Institut für Musikwissenschaft Thema: Das Frauenlied im Mittelalter – Homogene Gattung oder unpräziser Überbegriff 1. Gutachterin: Dr. phil. Dipl.-Ing. Britta Schulmeyer 2. Gutachter: Dr. René Michaelsen vorgelegt von: Ann Becker aus: Mainz Einreichungsdatum: 25.10.2016 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung 1.1. Fragestellung………………………………………………………………………1 1.2. Voraussetzungen und Problematiken……………………………………………...2 1.3. Vorgehensweise…………………………………………………………………...5 2. Hauptteil 2.1. Okzitanische Chansons de femme 2.1.1. Geographische und zeitliche Einordnung………………………………….6 2.1.2. Ausgewählte Quellen der Lieder 2.1.2.1. Die Handschrift N – New York, Pierpont Morgan Library, 819……...9 2.1.2.2. Die Handschrift K – Paris, BN, fr. 12473……………………………10 2.1.3. Gattungsanalyse 2.1.3.1. Der Canso……………………………………………………………10 2.1.3.2. Die Planh…………………………………………………………….13 2.1.3.3. Das Chanson de malmariée…………………………………………..15 2.1.3.4. Die Balada…………………………………………………………...16 2.1.3.5. Das Chanson de croisade…………………………………………….18 2.1.3.6. Die Tenso…………………………………………………………….19 2.1.3.7. Sonderfall – Altas undas que venez………………………………….22 2.1.4. Literarischer Vergleich…………………………………………………...23 2.1.5. Musikalische Analyse…………………………………………………….24 2.2.Altfranzösische Chansons de femme 2.2.1. Geographische und zeitliche Einordnung………………………………...28 2.2.2. Ausgewählte Quellen der Lieder 2.2.2.1. Der Chansonnier Francais de Saint-Germain-Des-Pres……………...29 2.2.2.2. Der Chansonnier du Roi……………………………………………..29 2.2.3. Gattungsanalyse 2.2.3.1. Das Chanson d’amour………………………………………………..30 2.2.3.2. Das Chanson d’ami…………………………………………………..31 2.2.3.3. Die Plainte……………………………………………………………33 2.2.3.4. -
194 Pro Pro Pro
194 PRO PRO PRO j qve realmente significa, nomen ' propugnáculo, m. Propugnacü- proterro, a , odi. Protervus. per . btñtia usurpas; quid ipBa valSat ig lum. vlcax, cóntümax. ohstinatus. noras. propulsa,/. Propulsaiío. hU; protesta,/. Pr.tcstatio; CriiiiKJo, propagación,/. Propaéati . propulsar, a. r. repulsar. ai;. st.itio ; ts, juramento, a.ljuratio. ¡, «pagador, o, »,. /. Propagador. propnlsion,/. i. repulsa. protestación,/. Protestatio; Ame- nata, malí denontiatio, propagar, a. Propago. prorata,/. Ratapórtío. —J órorlfc protestante, ««>• Protostana. [Frutero. ',;. pro rata j.ortioue. propagativo, a, ad}. Propagans, protestar, «. Proteatorl Asejurar, proratear, a. Pro rati part,- dls- attestairi: C-ufesar públicamente la fe, tis. tribuere. dividere. partiri. publicé fidem protitori. propalar, a. Propalare, divul proratCO , in. Pro ratil parle <lia- protestativo, o, adj. Palám te gare. trihutlo. st..na. propasar, a. y r. Excederé mo- próroga. /. V. prorogaeioii. protoalbéitar, m. Primus vete- dum, metara transgredí, transilíre. prorogable, adj, Diftérri valena. rinaríua, propender, «. Ad aliquam rem prorogacioil,/. Prorogatío, dila protoalbeitarato, ra. Veterlna- pronum, proclivem esse. tío , prolatlo , productío; Ve tres rióruní tribunal. propensamente, ado. Propenso. comperenilinutio. protocolar, ;/ propensión, /. PropenBÍo. prorogar, a. Prorogo, protraho, protocolizar, a. In tabollionia propenso, a, adj. Propensus, pro prodüco, difforoj Por tres dias, compe- libro scriliero. nas. rendináre. protocolo, m. Tahelliouis liber. propélltico , m. Propemptleum prorutnplr, h. Prorümpo; J. protomártir, ,u. Primus ínter carmen. jurins. in nialedicta pru luartyi'.s. propiamente, adv. Propríe; Ele- prosa, /. Sermo solütus, prosa ora- protomedicnto, nt. SuprcmUm ijanteioeute, concinué, eleganter. tío; (tam.) Conversación, longus sermo, nuuliuoiuin tnuunai, El eiHpteo de pro- propiciación,/. Propítiatío. prolíxa verba. , princlpis medicorum munus, propiclador. a, ,,,. t. Prqpitiator. prosador, m. Multi ptáltgníque dignttaa. propiciamente, adv. Benigna, suiuionis homo. -
Alfred JEANROY LA POESIE LYRIQUE DES TROUBADOURS
Alfred JEANROY Membre de l’Institut Professeur à l’Université de Paris LA POESIE LYRIQUE DES TROUBADOURS TOME II Histoire interne. Les genres: leur évolution et leurs plus notables représentants 1934 DEUXIEME PARTIE - HISTOIRE INTERNE Les Genres Poétiques et leurs Principaux Représentants CHAPITRE I LE PLUS ANCIEN DES TROUBADOURS: GUILLAUME IX, DUC D'AQUITAINE I. vie et caractère de Guillaume IX. II. Ses poésies jongleresques. III. Ses poésies courtoises. Existait-il avant lui une tradition poétique? I Les œuvres de Guillaume IX sont les plus anciens vers lyriques qui aient été écrits dans une langue moderne: par une chance exceptionnelle, nous connaissons, avec une suffisante précision, le caractère et la vie de l'auteur. Saisissons donc avec empressement cette occasion de confronter l'homme et l'œuvre. Né en 1071, il avait hérité, à seize ans, d'immenses domaines, plus étendus que ceux du roi de France lui-même. La nature l'avait comblé de ses dons: il était beau et brave, nous disent ses contemporains (1), gai et spirituel, ses œuvres nous l'attestent. Mais c'était un esprit fantasque, un brouillon, incapable de desseins suivis. Aussi son règne ne fut-il qu'une succession d'entreprises mal conçues et vouées à l'échec: en 1098, pendant que Raimon de Saint-Gilles, son beau-frère, était à la croisade, il tenta sur le Toulousain un coup de main qui ne lui rapporta rien et ne lui fit pas honneur. En 1101 il se croisa à son tour et conduisit en Terre Sainte une immense armée qui fondit en route, et dont les restes furent détruits par les Sarrasins dans les plaines de l'Asie mineure. -
Songs in Fixed Forms
Songs in Fixed Forms by Margaret P. Hasselman 1 Introduction Fourteenth century France saw the development of several well-defined song structures. In contrast to the earlier troubadours and trouveres, the 14th-century songwriters established standardized patterns drawn from dance forms. These patterns then set up definite expectations in the listeners. The three forms which became standard, which are known today by the French term "formes fixes" (fixed forms), were the virelai, ballade and rondeau, although those terms were rarely used in that sense before the middle of the 14th century. (An older fixed form, the lai, was used in the Roman de Fauvel (c. 1316), and during the rest of the century primarily by Guillaume de Machaut.) All three forms make use of certain basic structural principles: repetition and contrast of music; correspondence of music with poetic form (syllable count and rhyme); couplets, in which two similar phrases or sections end differently, with the second ending more final or "closed" than the first; and refrains, where repetition of both words and music create an emphatic reference point. Contents • Definitions • Historical Context • Character and Provenance, with reference to specific examples • Notes and Selected Bibliography Definitions The three structures can be summarized using the conventional letters of the alphabet for repeated sections. Upper-case letters indicate that both text and music are identical. Lower-case letters indicate that a section of music is repeated with different words, which necessarily follow the same poetic form and rhyme-scheme. 1. Virelai The virelai consists of a refrain; a contrasting verse section, beginning with a couplet (two halves with open and closed endings), and continuing with a section which uses the music and the poetic form of the refrain; and finally a reiteration of the refrain. -
IMAGES of WOMEN in the TROBAIRITZ1 POETRY (Vocabulary and Imagery)
Olaru Laura Emanuela IMAGES OF WOMEN IN THE TROBAIRITZ1 POETRY (Vocabulary and Imagery) M. A. Thesis in Medieval Studies CEU eTD Collection The Central European University Budapest June 1998 I, the undersigned, Laura Emanuela OLARU, candidate for the M. A. degree in Medieval Studies declare herewith that the present thesis is exclusively my own work, based on my research and only such external information as properly credited in notes and bibliography. I declare that no unidentified and illegitimate use was made of the work of others, and no part of the thesis infringes on any person's or institution's copyright. I also declare that no part of the thesis has been submitted in this form to any other institution of higher education for an academic degree. Budapest, 15 June 1998 Signature CEU eTD Collection Images of Women in the Trobairitz Poetry (Vocabulary and Imagery) by Laura Emanuela Olaru (Romania) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU Chair, Exarffination Comittee External Examiner /\/ Examiffgp/^''^ Budapest June 1998 CEU eTD Collection Images of Women in the Trobairitz' Poetry (Vocabulary and Imagery) ABSTRACT The present study has focused on the poetry of the trobairitz, who wrote during 1180-1260 in Occitania, in the environment of the court. Its purpose is to extract the images of women as depicted in and through the vocabulary and the imagery. The study of vocabulary and imagery seemed the best way to understand the significance and the richness of the types of women depicted in the poems: the conscious woman, the authoritative figure, the fighter, the lover, the beloved, the uncourtly woman. -
English 201 Major British Authors Harris Reading Guide: Forms There
English 201 Major British Authors Harris Reading Guide: Forms There are two general forms we will concern ourselves with: verse and prose. Verse is metered, prose is not. Poetry is a genre, or type (from the Latin genus, meaning kind or race; a category). Other genres include drama, fiction, biography, etc. POETRY. Poetry is described formally by its foot, line, and stanza. 1. Foot. Iambic, trochaic, dactylic, etc. 2. Line. Monometer, dimeter, trimeter, tetramerter, Alexandrine, etc. 3. Stanza. Sonnet, ballad, elegy, sestet, couplet, etc. Each of these designations may give rise to a particular tradition; for example, the sonnet, which gives rise to famous sequences, such as those of Shakespeare. The following list is taken from entries in Lewis Turco, The New Book of Forms (Univ. Press of New England, 1986). Acrostic. First letters of first lines read vertically spell something. Alcaic. (Greek) acephalous iamb, followed by two trochees and two dactyls (x2), then acephalous iamb and four trochees (x1), then two dactyls and two trochees. Alexandrine. A line of iambic hexameter. Ballad. Any meter, any rhyme; stanza usually a4b3c4b3. Think Bob Dylan. Ballade. French. Line usually 8-10 syllables; stanza of 28 lines, divided into 3 octaves and 1 quatrain, called the envoy. The last line of each stanza is the refrain. Versions include Ballade supreme, chant royal, and huitaine. Bob and Wheel. English form. Stanza is a quintet; the fifth line is enjambed, and is continued by the first line of the next stanza, usually shorter, which rhymes with lines 3 and 5. Example is Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. -
'Roman De La Rose' of Guillaume De Lorris and the Love Lyric of the Early Troubadours
The 'Roman de la Rose' of Guillaume de Lorris and the love lyric of the early troubadours Article Published Version Topsfield, L. T. (1975) The 'Roman de la Rose' of Guillaume de Lorris and the love lyric of the early troubadours. Reading Medieval Studies, I. pp. 30-54. ISSN 0950-3129 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/83247/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . Publisher: University of Reading All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online 30 READING MEDIEVAL STUDIES THE ROMAN DE LA ROSE OF GUILLAUME DE LORRIS AND THE LOVE LYRIC OF THE EARLY TROUBADOURS The Roman de la Rose of Guillaume de Lorris, which touches the reader with its lyric air of fragile and virtuous simplece. is a work of intricate construction, a Summa of subject matter, themes, expressions and methods of composition which can be found in the courtly love poetry of twelfth-century France, and which, in the matter of narrative technique and Arts of love, go back to Classical Antiquity. I It brings together the genres of romance, didactic poetry and the courtly love lyric, and this variety of genre corresponds to Guillaume's diversity of intention and the different levels on which he was writing the aventure or courtly love story, "the Art of Love, and the personal plea to his lady.