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Consumer Price Index in the Month of Ordibehesht of the Year 1398
Consumer Price Index in the Month of Ordibehesht of the Year 13981 Increase in All Households Inflation Rate The general index (base year: 1395=100) stood at 173.5 in the month of Ordibehesht2 of the year 1398 indicating a 1.5 percent rise compared with the previous month. In this month, the percentage change in the general index was 52.1 percent in contrast to the corresponding month of the previous year, that is to say that the national households spent, on average, 52.1 percent higher than the month of Ordibehesht in the year 1397 for purchasing “the same goods and services”, which increased by 0.7 percentage point over the previous month (51.4 percent). The twelve-month inflation rate ending the month of Ordibehesht of the year 1398 reached 34.2 percent which rose by 3.6 percentage points over the same information in the previous month (30.6 percent). The CPI for the major groups of "food, beverages and tobacco" decreased by 0.7 percent and for "non-food items and services" increased by 2.7 percent, respectively in contrast to the previous month. The percentage changes in prices in the current month for these two groups were 82.6 and 39.9 percent compared with the month of Ordibehesht in the year 1397, respectively. Increase in All Urban Households Inflation Rate The general price index for all urban households in the month of Ordibehesht of the year 1398 stood at 172.0 showing a 1.6 percent increase from the last month. Percentage change in the general index was 50.7 percent in comparison with the same month in the last year, which rose by 0.7 percentage point over the previous month (50.0 percent). -
To:$M.R$Ahmad$Shahid$ Special$Rapporteur$On$The
To:$M.r$Ahmad$Shahid$ Special$Rapporteur$on$the$human$rights$situation$in$Iran$ $ Dear%Sir,% % such%as%equal%rights%to%education%for%everyone,%preventing%the%dismissal%and%forced%retirements%of% dissident%university%professors,%right%of%research%without%limitations%in%universities%and%to%sum%up% expansion%of%academic%liberties.%Student%activists%have%also%been%pursuing%basic%rights%of%the%people% such%as%freedom%of%speech,%press,%and%rallies,%free%formation%and%function%of%parties,%syndicates,%civil% associations%and%also%regard%of%democratic%principles%in%the%political%structure%for%many%years.% % But%unfortunately%the%regime%has%rarely%been%friendly%towards%students.%They%have%always%tried%to%force% from%education,%banishments%to%universities%in%remote%cities,%arrests,%prosecutions%and%heavy%sentences% of%lashing,%prison%and%even%incarceration%in%banishment,%all%for%peaceful%and%lawful%pursuit%of%the% previously%mentioned%demands.%Demands%which%according%to%the%human%rights%charter%are%considered% the%most%basic%rights%of%every%human%being%and%Islamic%Republic%of%Iran%as%a%subscriber%is%bound%to% uphold.% % The%government%also%attempts%to%shut%down%any%student%associations%which%are%active%in%peaceful%and% lawful%criticism,%and%their%members%are%subjected%to%all%sorts%of%pressures%and%restrictions%to%stop%them.% Islamic%Associations%for%example%which%have%over%60%years%of%history%almost%twice%as%of%the%Islamic% republic%regimeE%and%in%recent%years%have%been%the%only%official%criticizing%student%associations%in% universities,%despite%their%massive%number%of%student%members,%have%been%shut%down%by%the% -
Conversational Persian. INSTITUTION Peace Corps, Washington D
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 132 838 FL 008 233 AUTHOR Svare, Homa; :And Others TITLE Conversational Persian. INSTITUTION Peace Corps, Washington D. c. PUB DATE 66 NOTE 134p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 HC-$7.35 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Conversational Language Courses; indoEuropean Languages; *InstructionalHaterials; *Language Instruction; Language Programs; *Languagesfor Special Purposes; Language Usage;*Persian; *Second Language Learning; Textbooks;Vocabulary; Volunteers; Volunteer Training IDENTIFIERS Iran; *Peace corps ABSTRACT These language materials werefirst prepared at the State University of Utah inconnection with Peace Corps language programs in Persian. They arereproduced here with only slight modifications. This text is dividedinto seven main chapters: CO Persian Vocabulary and Expressionsfor History, Law and Government (this section contains dialoguessuch as the following: At the Doctor's Clinic, At the Bank, At theGrocery Store) ; (2)A Vocabulary of Useful Information (the PersianCalendar; Parts of the Body; Clothing and Personal Needs;Furniture and Household Needs; Profession and Trades; Sciences, Art andHumanities);(3) Persian Vocabulary and Expressions forBiology;(4) Persian Vocabulary and Expressions for Economics;(5) Technical Terminology;(6) Persian Vocabulary and Expressions forMathematics;(7) Persian Vocabulary and Expressions for Physicsand Chemistry; and (8) PersianVocabulary and Expressions for the Space Age.(CFM) Documents acquired by ERICinclude many informal unpublished effort * * materials not availablefrom other sources. ERIC makes every * to obtain the best copyavailable. Nevertheless, items ofmarginal * often encountered and this affectsthe quality * * reproducibility are * * of the microfiche andhardcopy: reproductions-ERIC makesavailable * via the ERIC DocumentReproduction Service (EDRS).EDRS is not * responsible for the qualityof the" original document.Reproductions * supplied by EDRS are the best that canbe made from the original. -
The Calendars of India
The Calendars of India By Vinod K. Mishra, Ph.D. 1 Preface. 4 1. Introduction 5 2. Basic Astronomy behind the Calendars 8 2.1 Different Kinds of Days 8 2.2 Different Kinds of Months 9 2.2.1 Synodic Month 9 2.2.2 Sidereal Month 11 2.2.3 Anomalistic Month 12 2.2.4 Draconic Month 13 2.2.5 Tropical Month 15 2.2.6 Other Lunar Periodicities 15 2.3 Different Kinds of Years 16 2.3.1 Lunar Year 17 2.3.2 Tropical Year 18 2.3.3 Siderial Year 19 2.3.4 Anomalistic Year 19 2.4 Precession of Equinoxes 19 2.5 Nutation 21 2.6 Planetary Motions 22 3. Types of Calendars 22 3.1 Lunar Calendar: Structure 23 3.2 Lunar Calendar: Example 24 3.3 Solar Calendar: Structure 26 3.4 Solar Calendar: Examples 27 3.4.1 Julian Calendar 27 3.4.2 Gregorian Calendar 28 3.4.3 Pre-Islamic Egyptian Calendar 30 3.4.4 Iranian Calendar 31 3.5 Lunisolar calendars: Structure 32 3.5.1 Method of Cycles 32 3.5.2 Improvements over Metonic Cycle 34 3.5.3 A Mathematical Model for Intercalation 34 3.5.3 Intercalation in India 35 3.6 Lunisolar Calendars: Examples 36 3.6.1 Chinese Lunisolar Year 36 3.6.2 Pre-Christian Greek Lunisolar Year 37 3.6.3 Jewish Lunisolar Year 38 3.7 Non-Astronomical Calendars 38 4. Indian Calendars 42 4.1 Traditional (Siderial Solar) 42 4.2 National Reformed (Tropical Solar) 49 4.3 The Nānakshāhī Calendar (Tropical Solar) 51 4.5 Traditional Lunisolar Year 52 4.5 Traditional Lunisolar Year (vaisnava) 58 5. -
Summary of the Assets and Liabilities of the Banking System1
1 Table 1 Summary of the Assets and Liabilities of the Banking System (trillion rials) Balance at the end of the month Percentage change Dey 1397 Dey 1398 Dey 1397 Dey 1398 Dey Esfand Dey Esfand Dey 1396 1396 1397 1397 1398 to to to to Dey 1396 Dey 1397 Esfand 1396 Esfand 1397 Assets Foreign assets 6,883.3 7,321.5 8,918.3 9,171.4 10,459.9 29.6 17.3 21.8 14.0 2 Claims on public sector 2,556.9 2,586.1 3,085.0 3,325.5 3,999.6 20.7 29.6 19.3 20.3 Government 2,271.0 2,294.0 2,754.1 3,041.3 3,668.1 21.3 33.2 20.1 20.6 Public corporations and institutions 285.9 292.1 330.9 284.2 331.5 15.7 0.2 13.3 16.6 3 Claims on non-public sector 10,277.0 10,918.5 12,261.2 13,126.1 14,721.7 19.3 20.1 12.3 12.2 Others 10,485.6 10,304.7 13,126.8 13,163.0 15,325.1 25.2 16.7 27.4 16.4 Sub-total 30,202.8 31,130.8 37,391.3 38,786.0 44,506.3 23.8 19.0 20.1 14.7 Below the line items 4,165.9 4,280.5 4,602.2 4,748.7 6,215.5 10.5 35.1 7.5 30.9 Total assets = total liabilities 34,368.7 35,411.3 41,993.5 43,534.7 50,721.8 22.2 20.8 18.6 16.5 Liabilities M2 14,631.2 15,299.8 17,964.3 18,828.9 23,122.9 22.8 28.7 17.4 22.8 M1 1,801.6 1,946.7 2,488.4 2,852.3 3,829.2 38.1 53.9 27.8 34.2 Quasi-money 12,829.6 13,353.1 15,475.9 15,976.6 19,293.7 20.6 24.7 15.9 20.8 Loans and deposits of public sector 684.7 742.4 819.8 915.9 1,192.7 19.7 45.5 10.4 30.2 Government 642.8 699.6 766.9 861.8 1,135.3 19.3 48.0 9.6 31.7 Public corporations and institutions 41.9 42.8 52.9 54.1 57.4 26.3 8.5 23.6 6.1 Capital account 874.8 640.8 419.1 489.2 -483.4 -52.1 -215.3 -34.6 -198.8 Foreign loans -
CPI by Decial- Month Dey 1399
National Consumer Price Index by Expenditure Deciles in the Month of Dey1 of the year 13992 The national inflation rate for the month of Dey of the year 1399 stood at 32.2 percent, fluctuating between 29.8 percent for the first decile (those with the lowest income) and 39.3 percent for the tenth decile (those with the highest income) among the expenditure deciles. The range of the twelve-month inflation changes in the major group of "food, beverages and tobacco" was between 28.5 percent for the tenth decile and 32.8 percent for the second decile. The major group of "non-food items and services” also saw these fluctuations, ranging from 26.9 percent for the first decile to 42.1 percent for the tenth decile3. Inflation Rate for Major Groups Genral Inflation Rate 45.0 42.1 45.0 40.0 37.3 31.5 31.3 30.9 39.3 32.6 34.3 40.0 35.0 32.8 32.5 32.1 32.8 28.5 35.1 28.9 30.2 30.9 30.1 29.7 35.0 32.9 30.0 28.2 29.4 31.0 32.1 26.9 29.8 30.3 30.5 30.5 30.7 30.0 25.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 20.0 10.0 15.0 5.0 10.0 0.0 5.0 Firstdecile 0.0 Fifthdecile Sixthdecile Third decileThird Ninth Ninth decile Tenthdecile Eighthdecile Fourthdecile Seconddecile Seventhdecile Food, beverages and tobacco First decile Fifthdecile Sixth decile Thirddecile Ninthdecile Tenthdecile Fourthdecile Eighthdecile Seconddecile Non-food items and services Seventh decile 1 . -
A Study of the Reasons for the Permanence of Tirgan Or "Tirmā
A Study of the Reasons for the Permanence of Teergan or "Tirmā Sizzệ Šu" Celebration in the Province of Mazandaran in Iran Dr. Morteza Mohseni* Dr. Mahmoud Azizi** Maryam Valizadeh*** Abstract: There are many festivals, rituals and celebrations in the ancient Persian calendar; amongst them, to name only a few are Nowrooz, Mehregan, Sa' adeh, Abangan, etc. These festivals and rituals mostly originated from religious rites and practices, each emanating from a particular myth. As a matter of fact, these rites constitute the practical perspectives of people’s mythological beliefs and convictions. The reason why some of these ancient myths are still working is that they are still functioning in the daily lives of people. It seems that with the decline of their sacredness and popularity they start to disappear from the lives of the people. The "Tirmā Sizzệ Šu", the night of the 13th of Teer in the Persian solar calendar, festival is taken to be a remnant of the ancient Persian ritual festival of Teergan. This festival is still celebrated in certain regions of Iran, especially in the north of the country. Amongst different reasons that gave a relatively permanent life to this festival in the north of the country are the special geographical as well as environmental influences. To this we should also add the religious and mythological beliefs of the people of the region. The authors will attempt to redefine some of the major reasons that gave a lasting life to these beliefs and myths. Keywords: myth, Tirmā Sizzệ Šu, festival, calendar, Mazandaran, -
Consumer Price Index in the Month of Mordad of the Year 1399F
Consumer Price Index in the Month of Mordad of the Year 13991 Increase in National Point-to-Point Inflation Rate Point-to-Point Inflation rate refers to the percentage change in the price index in comparison with the corresponding month in the previous year. The point-to-point inflation rate in the month of Mordad2 of the year 1399 stood at 30.4 percent, that is to say, that the national households spent, on average, 30.4 percent higher than the month of Mordad of the year 1398 for purchasing “the same goods and services”. Moreover, in this month, the point-to-point inflation rate experienced a 3.5 percentage point increase in comparison with the previous month (Tir, the year 1399). The point-to-point inflation rate for the major groups of "food, beverages and tobacco" and "non-food items and services" were 26.0 percent (with a 5.0 percentage point increase) and 32.6 percent (with a 2.8 percentage point increase), respectively. This is while the point-to-point inflation rate for urban households stood at 30.6 percent, which has increased by 3.6 percentage points in comparison with the previous month. Moreover, this rate was 29.6 percent for rural households which increased by 3.7 percentage points in comparison with the previous month. Decrease in the Monthly National Households Inflation Rate The monthly inflation rate refers to the percentage change in the price index in comparison with the previous month. The monthly inflation rate in the month of Mordad of the year 1399 stood at 3.5 percent, which decreased by 2.9 percentage points in comparison with the previous month (Tir, the year 1399). -
RIVIVAL of the ANCIENT ZARATHUSHTI CALENDAR 3753 Ze
UNIFIED ZARATHUSHTI CALENDAR RIVIVAL OF THE ANCIENT ZARATHUSHTI CALENDAR 3753 ze “I learn about and work with the solar year, the righteous period”. Yasna Ha1.9, Ha 3.11, Ha 4.14 THE ANCIENT MAZDIYASNI CALENDAR updated by Zarathushtra was the most accurate calendar that has ever existed in the civilized world to this day. The year always started with the Vernal Equinox whereby the leap year was automatically taken care of. Its accuracy was further strengthened by dividing into months the number of days of each individual season marked by the position of the earth in its orbit round the sun. The proof of this is in the four festivals that are celebrated to this day. 1- Vernal Equinox the beginning of Spring as New Year – Now Rooz 2- Summer Solstice the beginning of Summer as Tirgan 3- Autumnal Equinox the beginning of Fall as Mehregan 4- Winter Solstice the beginning of winter as Yalda (Deygan) These four positions and the four seasons although they may seem to be of equal length, in reality they are not equal. The path of the earth around the sun is such that it does not divide the time taken to travel, from one position to another, into four equal parts as one would ordinarily believe. In fact none of the four parts are equal. Spring has 92.8 days, Summer 93.6 days Autumn 89.9 days and winter 88.9 days. Each individually divided works out to 31 days each for the first six months, the next 5 months of 30 days and the last month of the balance of the days before the Vernal Equinox which is 29 and automatically 30 every fourth years. -
The Politics of National Celebrations in Post-Revolutionary Iran
Leiden University Research Master in Middle Eastern Studies The Politics of National Celebrations in post-revolutionary Iran Dario Intini s1385267 Supervisor: Dr. A.A. (Asghar) Seyed-Gohrab MASTER'S THESIS August 2015 Contents List of Figures ……………………………………………………………………………... 3 Notes on Transliteration, Translations, and Dates……………………………………… 4 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………5 The Scope of the Thesis…………………………………………………………………. 9 Organization of the Thesis……………………………………………………………... 10 Previous Studies on the Subject………………………………………………………... 11 Chapter One: Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………..13 Theories of Collective Memory………………………………………………………….13 Commemorations………………………………………………………………………..15 National Celebrations……………………………………………………………………16 Religious and Secular Festivals, Rituals, and Symbols………………………………....18 Nations, Nationalism, and Iranian Identity……………………………………………...20 Commemorative Narrative, and Master Commemorative Narrative…………………...23 Chapter Two: Iranian Calendar………………………………………………………...25 Public Holidays………………………………………………………………………....28 The Islamization of the Calendar……………………………………………………….31 The appropriation of non-Islamic commemorations……………………………………32 The appropriation of western commemorations………………………………………...33 The appropriation of past historicl events………………………………………………34 Chapter Three: Ceremonies around the death of the Shiite Saint Hoseyn....................37 Official State Narrative………………………………………………………………… 37 The Politics of the Commemoration…………………………………………………… 39 Associated Events……………………………………………………………………… -
Balance of Payments
Table 1 BALANCE OF PAYMENTS (million dollars) Year Preliminary Five months Percentage change 1379 1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1384 1385 1384-85 Current account balance 12,500 5,985 3,585 816 1,442 14,037 5,470 8,779 60.5 Trade balance 13,375 5,775 6,201 4,430 5,653 19,043 7,408 11,032 48.9 Exports 28,461 23,904 28,237 33,991 43,852 60,012 23,115 31,370 35.7 Oil and gas 24,280 19,339 22,966 27,355 36,315 48,823 19,871 25,024 25.9 Non-oil exports 4,181 4,565 5,271 6,636 7,537 11,189 3,244 6,346 95.7 Imports 15,086 18,129 22,036 29,561 38,199 40,969 15,707 20,338 29.5 Services -1,485 -495 -3,503 -4,535 -5,011 -5,894 -2,436 -2,799 14.9 Receipts 2,012 3,488 5,025 6,249 6,905 7,612 2,661 3,047 14.5 Freight and insurance 450 731 1,316 1,704 2,051 2,288 790 885 12.0 Passenger services 210 231 250 233 261 337 141 153 9.2 Travel 467 891 1,357 1,033 1044 992 325 403 24.0 Investment income 215 655 653 781 918 1,018 361 487 34.9 Other public services 368 576 632 1,099 1,128 1,263 427 455 6.5 Other private services 302 404 817 1,399 1,503 1,714 617 664 7.5 Payments 3,497 3,983 8,528 10,784 11,916 13,506 5,097 5,846 14.7 Freight and insurance 1,347 1,539 434 756 876 1,213 556 683 23.0 Passenger services 3 6 240 278 309 430 179 201 12.2 Travel 668 708 3,750 3,842 4,093 4,380 1,656 1,878 13.4 Investment income 370 397 1,082 1,046 1,129 1,307 396 468 18.1 Other public services 966 1,135 2,065 3,306 3,706 4,040 1,553 1,739 12.0 Other private services 143 198 957 1,556 1,803 2,136 757 877 15.8 Transfers 610 705 887 921 800 888 498 546 9.7 Public 74 23 36 4 -
An Audience-Based Approach in the Subtitling of Cultural Elements in Selected Iranian Films
AN AUDIENCE-BASED APPROACH IN THE SUBTITLING OF CULTURAL ELEMENTS IN SELECTED IRANIAN FILMS MOHAMMAD SADEGH KENEVISI UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA 2017 AN AUDIENCE-BASED APPROACH IN THE SUBTITLING OF CULTURAL ELEMENTS IN SELECTED IRANIAN FILMS by MOHAMMAD SADEGH KENEVISI Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2017 To My Much-loved Father, Mother, Wife & Daughter ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Associate Professor Dr. Hasuria Che Omar, whose academic supports, encouragements and her invaluable counselling and advice helped me in the course of accomplishment of the present research. I am also indebted to Dr. Aniswal Abdol Ghani, whose critical viewpoint shaped my initial understanding of the required capabilities in doing a Ph.D. I would also like to especially thank my proposal examiner, Dr. Leelany Ayob, whose comments paved the way for finding the better path in carrying out the present study. My deepest thanks also extend to Dr. Ali Jalalian Daghigh whose support helped me carry out this research. I would also like to express my special gratitude to my beloved father and mother, whose patience, support and care supported me during these years of separation. Lastly, I would like to extend my warmest thanks to my much-loved wife and daughter whose presence and patience were incredibly compassionate for me and enabled me in carrying out this research. ii TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………