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Mah Tir, Mah Bahman & Asfandarmad 1 Mah Asfandarmad 1369
Mah Tir, Mah Bahman & Asfandarmad 1 Mah Asfandarmad 1369, Fravardin & l FEZAN A IN S I D E T HJ S I S S U E Federation of Zoroastrian • Summer 2000, Tabestal1 1369 YZ • Associations of North America http://www.fezana.org PRESIDENT: Framroze K. Patel 3 Editorial - Pallan R. Ichaporia 9 South Circle, Woodbridge, NJ 07095 (732) 634-8585, (732) 636-5957 (F) 4 From the President - Framroze K. Patel president@ fezana. org 5 FEZANA Update 6 On the North American Scene FEZ ANA 10 Coming Events (World Congress 2000) Jr ([]) UJIR<J~ AIL '14 Interfaith PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF ZOROASTRIAN ASSOCIATIONS OF '15 Around the World NORTH AMERICA 20 A Millennium Gift - Four New Agiaries in Mumbai CHAIRPERSON: Khorshed Jungalwala Rohinton M. Rivetna 53 Firecut Lane, Sudbury, MA 01776 Cover Story: (978) 443-6858, (978) 440-8370 (F) 22 kayj@ ziplink.net Honoring our Past: History of Iran, from Legendary Times EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Roshan Rivetna 5750 S. Jackson St. Hinsdale, IL 60521 through the Sasanian Empire (630) 325-5383, (630) 734-1579 (F) Guest Editor Pallan R. Ichaporia ri vetna@ lucent. com 23 A Place in World History MILESTONES/ ANNOUNCEMENTS Roshan Rivetna with Pallan R. Ichaporia Mahrukh Motafram 33 Legendary History of the Peshdadians - Pallan R. Ichaporia 2390 Chanticleer, Brookfield, WI 53045 (414) 821-5296, [email protected] 35 Jamshid, History or Myth? - Pen1in J. Mist1y EDITORS 37 The Kayanian Dynasty - Pallan R. Ichaporia Adel Engineer, Dolly Malva, Jamshed Udvadia 40 The Persian Empire of the Achaemenians Pallan R. Ichaporia YOUTHFULLY SPEAKING: Nenshad Bardoliwalla 47 The Parthian Empire - Rashna P. -
Consumer Price Index in the Month of Ordibehesht of the Year 1398
Consumer Price Index in the Month of Ordibehesht of the Year 13981 Increase in All Households Inflation Rate The general index (base year: 1395=100) stood at 173.5 in the month of Ordibehesht2 of the year 1398 indicating a 1.5 percent rise compared with the previous month. In this month, the percentage change in the general index was 52.1 percent in contrast to the corresponding month of the previous year, that is to say that the national households spent, on average, 52.1 percent higher than the month of Ordibehesht in the year 1397 for purchasing “the same goods and services”, which increased by 0.7 percentage point over the previous month (51.4 percent). The twelve-month inflation rate ending the month of Ordibehesht of the year 1398 reached 34.2 percent which rose by 3.6 percentage points over the same information in the previous month (30.6 percent). The CPI for the major groups of "food, beverages and tobacco" decreased by 0.7 percent and for "non-food items and services" increased by 2.7 percent, respectively in contrast to the previous month. The percentage changes in prices in the current month for these two groups were 82.6 and 39.9 percent compared with the month of Ordibehesht in the year 1397, respectively. Increase in All Urban Households Inflation Rate The general price index for all urban households in the month of Ordibehesht of the year 1398 stood at 172.0 showing a 1.6 percent increase from the last month. Percentage change in the general index was 50.7 percent in comparison with the same month in the last year, which rose by 0.7 percentage point over the previous month (50.0 percent). -
The Socio Linguistic Situation and Language Policy of the Autonomous Region of Mountainous Badakhshan: the Case of the Tajik Language*
THE SOCIO LINGUISTIC SITUATION AND LANGUAGE POLICY OF THE AUTONOMOUS REGION OF MOUNTAINOUS BADAKHSHAN: THE CASE OF THE TAJIK LANGUAGE* Leila Dodykhudoeva Institute Of Linguistics, Russian Academy Of Sciences The paper deals with the problem of closely related languages of the Eastern and Western Iranian origin that coexist in a close neighbourhood in a rather compact area of one region of Republic Tajikistan. These are a group of "minor" Pamir languages and state language of Tajikistan - Tajik. The population of the Autonomous Region of Mountainous Badakhshan speaks different Pamir languages. They are: Shughni, Rushani, Khufi, Bartangi, Roshorvi, Sariqoli; Yazghulami; Wakhi; Ishkashimi. These languages have no script and written tradition and are used only as spoken languages in the region. The status of these languages and many other local linguemes is still discussed in Iranology. Nearly all Pamir languages to a certain extent can be called "endangered". Some of these languages, like Yazghulami, Roshorvi, Ishkashimi are included into "The Red Book " (UNESCO 1995) as "endangered". Some of them are extinct. Information on other idioms up to now is not available. These languages live in close cooperation and interaction with the state language of Tajikistan - Tajik. Almost all population of Badakhshan is multilingual or bilingual. The second language is official language of the state - Tajik. This language is used in Badakhshan as the language of education, press, media, and culture. This is the reason why this paper is focused on the status of Tajik language in Republic Tajikistan and particularly in Badakhshan. The Tajik literary language (its oral and written forms) has a long history and rich written traditions. -
To:$M.R$Ahmad$Shahid$ Special$Rapporteur$On$The
To:$M.r$Ahmad$Shahid$ Special$Rapporteur$on$the$human$rights$situation$in$Iran$ $ Dear%Sir,% % such%as%equal%rights%to%education%for%everyone,%preventing%the%dismissal%and%forced%retirements%of% dissident%university%professors,%right%of%research%without%limitations%in%universities%and%to%sum%up% expansion%of%academic%liberties.%Student%activists%have%also%been%pursuing%basic%rights%of%the%people% such%as%freedom%of%speech,%press,%and%rallies,%free%formation%and%function%of%parties,%syndicates,%civil% associations%and%also%regard%of%democratic%principles%in%the%political%structure%for%many%years.% % But%unfortunately%the%regime%has%rarely%been%friendly%towards%students.%They%have%always%tried%to%force% from%education,%banishments%to%universities%in%remote%cities,%arrests,%prosecutions%and%heavy%sentences% of%lashing,%prison%and%even%incarceration%in%banishment,%all%for%peaceful%and%lawful%pursuit%of%the% previously%mentioned%demands.%Demands%which%according%to%the%human%rights%charter%are%considered% the%most%basic%rights%of%every%human%being%and%Islamic%Republic%of%Iran%as%a%subscriber%is%bound%to% uphold.% % The%government%also%attempts%to%shut%down%any%student%associations%which%are%active%in%peaceful%and% lawful%criticism,%and%their%members%are%subjected%to%all%sorts%of%pressures%and%restrictions%to%stop%them.% Islamic%Associations%for%example%which%have%over%60%years%of%history%almost%twice%as%of%the%Islamic% republic%regimeE%and%in%recent%years%have%been%the%only%official%criticizing%student%associations%in% universities,%despite%their%massive%number%of%student%members,%have%been%shut%down%by%the% -
ORIGINAL ARTICLE a Study on the Relationship Between Temperature
Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci., Vol 3 [12] November 2014: 42-45 ©2014 Academy for Environment and Life Sciences, India Online ISSN 2277-1808 Journal’s URL:http://www.bepls.com CODEN: BEPLAD Global Impact Factor 0.533 Universal Impact Factor 0.9804 ORIGINAL ARTICLE A study on the relationship between temperature and height in Ardabil province, according to the meteorological data Bahman Bahari Bighdilu Department of Agriculture, Pars Abad Moghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, pars Abad Moghan, Iran Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT the relationship between temperature and height was investigated Based on the review of one of the most important climatic parameters (temperature) in order to provide scientific solutions to meet the social needs and careful planning in the region in the field of agriculture. There was a significant relationship on the basis of Laps Rate phenomenon, so that the differences between heating and cooling processes of 70 degrees Celsius and the height difference of 1500 meters in the province show this important issue. Keywords: temperature, according, meteorological data Received 10.09.2014 Revised 09.10.2014 Accepted 02.11. 2014 INTRODUCTION Location, range and area This region with the area of 17,867 square kilometers is located at the north of Iran plateau between the coordinates of '45 and ‘37 to '42 and '39 North latitude and '55 and 48 to '3 and 47 east longitudes from the Greenwich meridian. Based on the assessment studies of Land resources in this area (Ardabil Province) a total of 7 major types and one type of mixed lands and 32 units of land have been identified. -
A Linguistic Conversion Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥasan Qatīl and the Varieties of Persian (Ca
Borders Itineraries on the Edges of Iran edited by Stefano Pellò A Linguistic Conversion Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥasan Qatīl and the Varieties of Persian (ca. 1790) Stefano Pellò (Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia) Abstract The paper deals with Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥasan Qatīl, an important Persian-writing Khatri poet and intellectual active in Lucknow between the end of the 18th and the first two decades of the 19th century, focusing on his ideas regarding the linguistic geography of Persian. Qatīl dealt with the geographical varieties of Persian mainly in two texts, namely the Shajarat al-amānī and the Nahr al- faṣāḥat, but relevant observations are scattered in almost all of his works, including the doxographic Haft tamāshā. The analysis provided here, which is also the first systematic study on a particularly meaningful part of Qatīl’s socio-linguistic thought and one of the very few explorations of Qatīl’s work altogether, not only examines in detail his grammatical and rhetorical treatises, reading them on the vast background of Arabic-Persian philology, but discusses as well the interaction of Qatīl’s early conversion to Shi‘ite Islam with the author’s linguistic ideas, in a philological-historical perspective. Summary 1. Qatīl’s writings and the Persian language question. –2. Defining Persian in and around the Shajarat al-amānī. –3. Layered hegemonies in the Nahr al-faṣāḥat. –4. Qatīl’s conversion and the linguistic idea of Iran. –Primary sources. –Secondary sources. Keywords Indo-Persian. Qatīl. Persian language. Lucknow. Shī‘a. Conversion. Nella storia del linguaggio i confini di spazio e di tempo, e altri, sono tutti pura fantasia (Bartoli 1910, p. -
The Calendars of India
The Calendars of India By Vinod K. Mishra, Ph.D. 1 Preface. 4 1. Introduction 5 2. Basic Astronomy behind the Calendars 8 2.1 Different Kinds of Days 8 2.2 Different Kinds of Months 9 2.2.1 Synodic Month 9 2.2.2 Sidereal Month 11 2.2.3 Anomalistic Month 12 2.2.4 Draconic Month 13 2.2.5 Tropical Month 15 2.2.6 Other Lunar Periodicities 15 2.3 Different Kinds of Years 16 2.3.1 Lunar Year 17 2.3.2 Tropical Year 18 2.3.3 Siderial Year 19 2.3.4 Anomalistic Year 19 2.4 Precession of Equinoxes 19 2.5 Nutation 21 2.6 Planetary Motions 22 3. Types of Calendars 22 3.1 Lunar Calendar: Structure 23 3.2 Lunar Calendar: Example 24 3.3 Solar Calendar: Structure 26 3.4 Solar Calendar: Examples 27 3.4.1 Julian Calendar 27 3.4.2 Gregorian Calendar 28 3.4.3 Pre-Islamic Egyptian Calendar 30 3.4.4 Iranian Calendar 31 3.5 Lunisolar calendars: Structure 32 3.5.1 Method of Cycles 32 3.5.2 Improvements over Metonic Cycle 34 3.5.3 A Mathematical Model for Intercalation 34 3.5.3 Intercalation in India 35 3.6 Lunisolar Calendars: Examples 36 3.6.1 Chinese Lunisolar Year 36 3.6.2 Pre-Christian Greek Lunisolar Year 37 3.6.3 Jewish Lunisolar Year 38 3.7 Non-Astronomical Calendars 38 4. Indian Calendars 42 4.1 Traditional (Siderial Solar) 42 4.2 National Reformed (Tropical Solar) 49 4.3 The Nānakshāhī Calendar (Tropical Solar) 51 4.5 Traditional Lunisolar Year 52 4.5 Traditional Lunisolar Year (vaisnava) 58 5. -
Summary of the Assets and Liabilities of the Banking System1
1 Table 1 Summary of the Assets and Liabilities of the Banking System (trillion rials) Balance at the end of the month Percentage change Dey 1397 Dey 1398 Dey 1397 Dey 1398 Dey Esfand Dey Esfand Dey 1396 1396 1397 1397 1398 to to to to Dey 1396 Dey 1397 Esfand 1396 Esfand 1397 Assets Foreign assets 6,883.3 7,321.5 8,918.3 9,171.4 10,459.9 29.6 17.3 21.8 14.0 2 Claims on public sector 2,556.9 2,586.1 3,085.0 3,325.5 3,999.6 20.7 29.6 19.3 20.3 Government 2,271.0 2,294.0 2,754.1 3,041.3 3,668.1 21.3 33.2 20.1 20.6 Public corporations and institutions 285.9 292.1 330.9 284.2 331.5 15.7 0.2 13.3 16.6 3 Claims on non-public sector 10,277.0 10,918.5 12,261.2 13,126.1 14,721.7 19.3 20.1 12.3 12.2 Others 10,485.6 10,304.7 13,126.8 13,163.0 15,325.1 25.2 16.7 27.4 16.4 Sub-total 30,202.8 31,130.8 37,391.3 38,786.0 44,506.3 23.8 19.0 20.1 14.7 Below the line items 4,165.9 4,280.5 4,602.2 4,748.7 6,215.5 10.5 35.1 7.5 30.9 Total assets = total liabilities 34,368.7 35,411.3 41,993.5 43,534.7 50,721.8 22.2 20.8 18.6 16.5 Liabilities M2 14,631.2 15,299.8 17,964.3 18,828.9 23,122.9 22.8 28.7 17.4 22.8 M1 1,801.6 1,946.7 2,488.4 2,852.3 3,829.2 38.1 53.9 27.8 34.2 Quasi-money 12,829.6 13,353.1 15,475.9 15,976.6 19,293.7 20.6 24.7 15.9 20.8 Loans and deposits of public sector 684.7 742.4 819.8 915.9 1,192.7 19.7 45.5 10.4 30.2 Government 642.8 699.6 766.9 861.8 1,135.3 19.3 48.0 9.6 31.7 Public corporations and institutions 41.9 42.8 52.9 54.1 57.4 26.3 8.5 23.6 6.1 Capital account 874.8 640.8 419.1 489.2 -483.4 -52.1 -215.3 -34.6 -198.8 Foreign loans -
CPI by Decial- Month Dey 1399
National Consumer Price Index by Expenditure Deciles in the Month of Dey1 of the year 13992 The national inflation rate for the month of Dey of the year 1399 stood at 32.2 percent, fluctuating between 29.8 percent for the first decile (those with the lowest income) and 39.3 percent for the tenth decile (those with the highest income) among the expenditure deciles. The range of the twelve-month inflation changes in the major group of "food, beverages and tobacco" was between 28.5 percent for the tenth decile and 32.8 percent for the second decile. The major group of "non-food items and services” also saw these fluctuations, ranging from 26.9 percent for the first decile to 42.1 percent for the tenth decile3. Inflation Rate for Major Groups Genral Inflation Rate 45.0 42.1 45.0 40.0 37.3 31.5 31.3 30.9 39.3 32.6 34.3 40.0 35.0 32.8 32.5 32.1 32.8 28.5 35.1 28.9 30.2 30.9 30.1 29.7 35.0 32.9 30.0 28.2 29.4 31.0 32.1 26.9 29.8 30.3 30.5 30.5 30.7 30.0 25.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 20.0 10.0 15.0 5.0 10.0 0.0 5.0 Firstdecile 0.0 Fifthdecile Sixthdecile Third decileThird Ninth Ninth decile Tenthdecile Eighthdecile Fourthdecile Seconddecile Seventhdecile Food, beverages and tobacco First decile Fifthdecile Sixth decile Thirddecile Ninthdecile Tenthdecile Fourthdecile Eighthdecile Seconddecile Non-food items and services Seventh decile 1 . -
A Study of the Reasons for the Permanence of Tirgan Or "Tirmā
A Study of the Reasons for the Permanence of Teergan or "Tirmā Sizzệ Šu" Celebration in the Province of Mazandaran in Iran Dr. Morteza Mohseni* Dr. Mahmoud Azizi** Maryam Valizadeh*** Abstract: There are many festivals, rituals and celebrations in the ancient Persian calendar; amongst them, to name only a few are Nowrooz, Mehregan, Sa' adeh, Abangan, etc. These festivals and rituals mostly originated from religious rites and practices, each emanating from a particular myth. As a matter of fact, these rites constitute the practical perspectives of people’s mythological beliefs and convictions. The reason why some of these ancient myths are still working is that they are still functioning in the daily lives of people. It seems that with the decline of their sacredness and popularity they start to disappear from the lives of the people. The "Tirmā Sizzệ Šu", the night of the 13th of Teer in the Persian solar calendar, festival is taken to be a remnant of the ancient Persian ritual festival of Teergan. This festival is still celebrated in certain regions of Iran, especially in the north of the country. Amongst different reasons that gave a relatively permanent life to this festival in the north of the country are the special geographical as well as environmental influences. To this we should also add the religious and mythological beliefs of the people of the region. The authors will attempt to redefine some of the major reasons that gave a lasting life to these beliefs and myths. Keywords: myth, Tirmā Sizzệ Šu, festival, calendar, Mazandaran, -
Consumer Price Index in the Month of Mordad of the Year 1399F
Consumer Price Index in the Month of Mordad of the Year 13991 Increase in National Point-to-Point Inflation Rate Point-to-Point Inflation rate refers to the percentage change in the price index in comparison with the corresponding month in the previous year. The point-to-point inflation rate in the month of Mordad2 of the year 1399 stood at 30.4 percent, that is to say, that the national households spent, on average, 30.4 percent higher than the month of Mordad of the year 1398 for purchasing “the same goods and services”. Moreover, in this month, the point-to-point inflation rate experienced a 3.5 percentage point increase in comparison with the previous month (Tir, the year 1399). The point-to-point inflation rate for the major groups of "food, beverages and tobacco" and "non-food items and services" were 26.0 percent (with a 5.0 percentage point increase) and 32.6 percent (with a 2.8 percentage point increase), respectively. This is while the point-to-point inflation rate for urban households stood at 30.6 percent, which has increased by 3.6 percentage points in comparison with the previous month. Moreover, this rate was 29.6 percent for rural households which increased by 3.7 percentage points in comparison with the previous month. Decrease in the Monthly National Households Inflation Rate The monthly inflation rate refers to the percentage change in the price index in comparison with the previous month. The monthly inflation rate in the month of Mordad of the year 1399 stood at 3.5 percent, which decreased by 2.9 percentage points in comparison with the previous month (Tir, the year 1399). -
Ethno-Cultural Issues and Correction of the Numbers of Ethnic Population in the Republic of Azerbaijan
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Ethno-territorial conflict and coexistence in the Caucasus, Central Asia and Fereydan Rezvani, B. Publication date 2013 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Rezvani, B. (2013). Ethno-territorial conflict and coexistence in the Caucasus, Central Asia and Fereydan. Vossiuspers UvA. http://nl.aup.nl/books/9789056297336-ethno-territorial- conflict-and-coexistence-in-the-caucasus-central-asia-and-fereydan.html General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:25 Sep 2021 Appendix 3: Ethno-Cultural Issues and Correction of the Numbers of Ethnic Population in the Republic of Azerbaijan Many accounts suggest that the numbers of some ethnic populations in the (Soviet) Republic of Azerbaijan were (and are) underestimated in the official censuses, even in the last Soviet Census of 1989, which is seen as the most accurate Soviet census after the Second World War.