DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 132 838 FL 008 233 AUTHOR Svare, Homa; :And Others TITLE Conversational Persian. INSTITUTION Peace Corps, Washington D. c. PUB DATE 66 NOTE 134p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 HC-$7.35 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Conversational Language Courses; indoEuropean Languages; *InstructionalHaterials; *Language Instruction; Language Programs; *Languagesfor Special Purposes; Language Usage;*Persian; *Second Language Learning; Textbooks;Vocabulary; Volunteers; Volunteer Training IDENTIFIERS Iran; *Peace corps
ABSTRACT These language materials werefirst prepared at the State University of Utah inconnection with Peace Corps language programs in Persian. They arereproduced here with only slight modifications. This text is dividedinto seven main chapters: CO Persian Vocabulary and Expressionsfor History, Law and Government (this section contains dialoguessuch as the following: At the Doctor's Clinic, At the Bank, At theGrocery Store) ; (2)A Vocabulary of Useful Information (the PersianCalendar; Parts of the Body; Clothing and Personal Needs;Furniture and Household Needs; Profession and Trades; Sciences, Art andHumanities);(3) Persian Vocabulary and Expressions forBiology;(4) Persian Vocabulary and Expressions for Economics;(5) Technical Terminology;(6) Persian Vocabulary and Expressions forMathematics;(7) Persian Vocabulary and Expressions for Physicsand Chemistry; and (8) PersianVocabulary and Expressions for the Space Age.(CFM)
Documents acquired by ERICinclude many informal unpublished effort * * materials not availablefrom other sources. ERIC makes every * to obtain the best copyavailable. Nevertheless, items ofmarginal * often encountered and this affectsthe quality * * reproducibility are * * of the microfiche andhardcopy: reproductions-ERIC makesavailable * via the ERIC DocumentReproduction Service (EDRS).EDRS is not * responsible for the qualityof the" original document.Reproductions * supplied by EDRS are the best that canbe made from the original. ********************************************************************* COMM.ATIONAL PERSIAN
by Homa Svare
U 5 DEPARTMENT OA HEALTH. EDUCATION L WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUcATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO. DUCFD EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN- ATING IT POINTS OA VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY R EPRE- SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY
Peace Corps Iran Pahlavi University Training Project The University of Texas Austin,Texas November 15, 1965-- January29, 1966
2 These language materials were firstprepared at the State University of Utah in connection with PeaceCorps language .programs in Persian. By permission of the author, they are reproduced here, withslight modifications by Mohammed Zarnegar, -for use only in the language programof the Peace 'Corps Iran Pahlavi University Training Project. PERSIAN VOCABULARY AND EXPRESSIONS
FOR
HISTORY, LAW AND GCTM1ENT
Prepared by
Mohammed Zarnegar
Peace Co.--s Iran Palavi UniversityTrainIng University of Texas Austin, Texas Novetber 15, 1965 -- January 29,1966 At the Police Department, Passport Office(Visa Division) edareye saehrbani, dayere gozaername
May I help you? ce faermayegi darin My visa has expired and.I would vizaem taemum:6ode, mixam like to have it extended. taemdid konaem. What is your name and address? esmo adresetun ciye? adresaem My name is , and my esme maen address e. Where was your passpor issued? gozaername soma aez oja sader sode?
I am a member of the Peace maen. ozve sepahe solhaem, vae Corps and the place of issue of gozaernamaem sadereye vasaengtone. my passport is Washington. How long have you been in Iran? ce moddaste ke daeriran eqamaet (How long have you been resid- darin? ing in Iran?) I have been residing in Iran moddae e iruahe ke daer i an for six months. eqamaet daraem. How long will you be staying ce moddaet daer Iranmimunin? in Iran? I will be stayin- for t_o moddaete do sal daer Iran years (in Iran). xahaem mund. Has the American Consulate ex- gozaername tun be vaesileye tended your passport? (Has j5pnsulgaeriye amrika taemdid your passport been extended by the American Consulate?) Yes, my passport has been ex- baele, gozaernamaem be vaesileye tended by the American Con- *onsulgaeriye amrika taemdid sulate. 'aode. Do you have your residence per- paervaneye eqamaeto pasportetun mit and your passport with you? haemratune?
Yes here they are. baele, befaerma'id.
5 At the Police Dept. - 2
Do you know that according to midunin ke tebqe qanune Iran ,. .,_, Iranian law you must get a visa soma haer sis mah bayaed viza (renew the visa) every six begirid? months? Yes, I know that I must renew baele midunaem ke haer sis mah my visa every six months. bayad viza begiraem.
Very well, please come and get besyar xub, faerda baeraye your passport and visa tomorrow gereftaene pasport tadgrif biyarin.
Thanks,I shall be with you besyar xub, faerda xedmaet tomorrow. miraesaem.
VOCABULARY department edare division, bureau, office dayere city saehr police department saehrbani passport gozaername, pasport police officer aefsaere aehrbani to extend (to renew) taemdid kaerdaen, taemdidLodaen visa viza residence eqamaet to reside, to stay eqamaet dastaen, eqamaet kaerdaen I am residing eqamaet daraem length of time moddaet by through, care of be vaesileye consul konsul consulate konsulgaeri permit, visa paervane At the Police Dept.
Vocabulary residence permit paervaneye eqamaet to have it with (you) haemrah dAtaen according to tebqe
law qanun to come (deference) taesrif avaerdaen I shall be there (deference) xedmaet miraesaem police polls member of ozve
Peace Corps sepahe solh At the Grocery Store bageali
What would you like/what is faer ayes/ darin? your "order"?/ May I help you.
Some vegetables. saebzi mixam. What kind of vegetables (wou ce no' saebzi mixayn? you like)? Some radishes a d green onions kaemi orobce-o piyazce mixam. (spring onions) How about some ruit?We have mive cetowr? mivehamun tazaen. fresh fruits. (Our fruits are fresh ) Aren t these peaches too green? in holuha kal nlstaen (unripe) No, Sir; they are all rIpe. nae aqa, haeme raesidaen. Then give me two kilos of paes do kilu haem holubedin . peaches. Our peaches are also good and gilasha munaem xube, kIluI car are (only) four tomans a kilo. tomane.
Give me two kilos of cherries, do kilu haem gilas bedin. too. Would you like something else? cize dige nemixayn?
No, how much is it all? (H nae, hesabmun caend much is-our account?)
TWen y tomans, Sir. aqa, bist toman mise. Here, please; twenty tomans. befaerma'in in bist toman.
May God bless you. xoda bede baerkaet. Tbank you, goodbye. xahes mikonaem; xoda hafez. At the Grocery Store - 5 -
Vocabulary
May I help you? faermayes da in? fruit mive fresh taze anything else cize digs account hesab vegetables saebzi green, unripe kal ripe reside peaches holu cherries gilas
May'Grod bless you. xoda bede baerekaet please, (I _eqUest you.) xahes mikonaeth radishes torobce onions piyaz parsl y jaefaeri green (spring) onions piyazce lettuce kahu plums gowje tomatoes (European plu- gowje-faeraengi
cucumber xiyar . lemons, limes limu oranges portaegal bananas mowz At the Grocery Store - 6 - Vocabulary grapes aengur figs aenji almonds bad walnuts girdu pitachios peste coconuts nargil dates 'coma soap sabun detergents (soap powder) gaerde sabun lour ard butter kaere cheese paenir tea cay coffee qaetwe sugar (sof lump sugar, saekaer, qaend sugar drops, cubes At the Doctor's Clinic
daer maetaebbe dektor
Good morning (evening), Doctor. saclam, v,qa!;e doktor. Good morning, madam, how are saelam Xanum, haletun cetowre? you?
I have had a cold for the last caend ruze saerma xordaem. few days. Do you also have a headache? saretun haem daerd mikone?
Yes,I have a headache. baele, saeraem haem daerd mikone.
Do you cough, too7 sorfe haem mikonin?
Yes,I also cough. baele, sorfe haem mikonaem. Very well, it is not important. besyar xub, ziyad mobem nist. Do I run a fever, Doctor? taeb haem daraem, aqaye doktor?
A little. kaemi. When will I get well? key xub misaem? y Rest and you will be well. esterahaet konin, xub mis n.
What should I eat? qaeza ci boxoraem?
Warm and liquid food. qaezaye gaermo abaeki. Do I need any shots (a pules)? ampulaem bayaed bezaenaem?
Of course. aelbaette. How oftenhould I take that in saerbaeto ruzi caend daefe mixture? bayad boxoraem? I have wr tten It (the direc- tuye nosxe nevAtaem. tions) in the prescription. Tbank you very much. xeyli motad6lae_-keraem.
Please phone me tomorrow. lotfaen faerda bemaen telefon konin. - 7 - ii At t _e Clinic
Very, well, Doctor. besyar xub, aqaye doktor. God willing, you will be all insalla xib misin, xoda hafiez . right, goodbye.
Goodbye, Doctor. xoda hafeze soma, aclaye dokt
Vocabulary clinic maetaebb doctor, physician DOKTOR, pezAk, taebib, hackim patient maeriz, bimar to get sick, to be sick maeriz sodaen, maeriz budaen to catch cold (eat cold) saerma xordaen to cough sorfe kaerdaen it is not important mohem nist watery, liquid abaeki warm gaerm to have an injection, a shot ampul zaedaen mixture (In medicine), syrup, saerbaet any fresh fruit or fruit extract soft drink. tablet gors pill haebb drug, medicine daeva, daru pharmacy, drug store daevaxune, daruxune to take medicine daeva xordaen prescription nosxe cure aelaj
12 At the Doct 's Clinic
Vocabulary
v _ to get rell, to be cur d xub sodaen, aelaj sodaen
Jhest sine
head saer severe, hard saext
food cjaeza
(you) rest esterahaet konin
to write nevestaen
hospital bimaristan, m e-izxune
ambulance ambulans
13 At the Bank
daer bank
N/ May I help you? ce faermayesi darin? Where is the current accounts bajeye hesabe jan ]. kojast? window, please. ihe wIndow across from here. bajeye ruberu.
I w uld like to open a current mixam hesabe Jan baz konaem account. Did you have an account here inja qaebiaen hesabdalitin? before?
Yes,I did. baeli, dastaem. What type ofaCcount? ce hesabi?
Savings account. hesabe paes aendaz.
Very good. Fill out thIs form, besyar xub, in vaeraeqe o please. por konin.
,How much shall I put in my ce qaedr tu hesab bezaraem? saccount? A 100 tomans will be enough. taeqribaen saed toman kaf lye. Will you give me a.receipt? be maen raesid midin?
Of course. aelbatte. When will you give me the key daeSte cekbemaen midin? check book? Right now, here it is. haemin hala befaerma'in.
Thank you very much, xeylimotAaek-keraem.
Did you write your address? adresetuno nevistin? Ws, I wrote it at the bottom baele, pane vaeraeqe naeves- of the form. (literally, taem. sheet) Inuit is your occupation? - 10 -soqletun ciye? 14 At the Bank
am a member of the Peace ozve sepahe solh amrika baestaem. Corps of America. Pleasesign the form. xahes mikonaem vaeraeqe ro emza konin
All right, with pleasure. besyar 'dab, ba kaemale meyl.
Thank you very much. -xeyli maemnun.
Vocabulary. :window baje
aCcount, accOunts hesab current account hesabe Jan i
savings account hesabe paes aendaz
form, sheet vaeraeqe (also form) to fill out por kaerdaen
receipt resid
enough kafi check book daeste c check cek
bank draf_, cashie- check hacvale banki certified check ceke taezmin sode to certify, to guarantee taezmin kaerdaeu occupation, vocation soql
member of ozve
signature. emza opposite, -cross from ruberu
to open baz kaerdaen
15 At the Bank Vocabulary previously, for e ly -4aeblaen approximately taegribaen right now haemin hala below pa'in bank account hesabe banki, hesabe bank.
16 At the Hotel
daer hotel (mehmun-xune)
Do you have a vacant room? otage xali darin?
Yes, we have one. baele, acia (xanum), otae xali darim.
Does it have private toilet haemumo mostaerahe xosusi and bath? haem dare? No, we have a public bath. nae xeyr, haemume omumidarim.
What is your rate? (a night otagetun saebi cande? Twenty tomans for one occup- yegnaefaere bist toman, donae- ancy and 35 tomans fordouble.. faere siyo paensh toman.
This is too expensive, could xeyli gerune, aerzuntaer you give it for less? nemidin? No, sir; at this rate we also naexeyr, sief naedare,ba in give you breakfast. nerx sobhane haemmidim. Could I see one of your rooms? momkene yeki aez otagatuno bebinaem?
Yes, of course,(with pleasure) aelbatte, ba kaemale meyl. What ti-e do you serve break- sobhane ce sa'aeti midin? fast From six to eight. aez sa'ae haest.
Do you supply towels,too? howle haem beman midin?
-=Yesi we -supply' clean 'sheets baele, maelafe-o bowie taemiz and towels (give you) raid im.
How about (an) -extra blanket? paetuye ezafcetor? Yes, I'll bring you (an) paetuye ezafi haem baeratun extra blanket, too. miyaraem. Then I am going to bring paes maen miraem caem dunaemo my suitcases. biyaraem. Let me bring them or you) ejze bedin biyaraem.
- 13 - 1 7 At the Hotel - 1:
Thank you;I don't have much xeyll.motasaekkeraem, cize (many pieces of luggage) ziyadi naedaraem.
Very good; _here is the key to besyar xub, paes befaerma your room (your key). in haem kilidetun.
Vocabulary room otaq vacant (empty xali also, too, as well as haem bath haemum toilet mostaerah private xosusi public (shared by others) omumi would not do ( s not enough; saerf naedare doesn t pay) rate nerx breakfast sobhane towel howle sheets maelafe clean taemiz blanket paetu additionalextra ezafi suitcase caemedun allow me to, please ejaze bidin key kilid to bring avaeraen am bringing, I'llbring. miyaraem
18 At the Hotel - 15 - Vocabulary thing, things ciz single (occupancy) yeg-naefere (ye-naefaere) double (occupancy) do-naefaere would it be possible momkene of course alebaette how much, how much is it? caend0 Caende? with ut ost pleasure ba kaemale meyl.
19 At the Post Office daer postxuneh (edareye post
Please give me five 5rial paenjta taembre paenjriali stamps. bedin. Here it befaerma'in. I want a post card, too. yek kart postalaem mixam. It will be 27 rials and ten bisto haef rialo dah sha'i shahis (Rials 27.5) mige. I would like to mail this mixam in namaero ba post letter. befrestaem. Domestic or foreign (within daxeli ya xareji? or without; inside oroutside)
Domestic. daxeli. It will be 22 rials mise bisto dozar.(bisto do reyal)
I have a registered parcel, ye baeste sefaresihaem daraem. too. Take it to the registered be baje seresi bebaerin. parcel window (please) I would like to send t mixam in bae taero be tehran parcel to Tehran. befrestaem. 'y What is in it? tus ciye? Something fragile. sekaestaeniye
Is it valuable, too? cleymaeti haem haest? Yes, about 100 tomans. baele, daer hodude suedtomaris
You better insure-it. behtaere uno bime konin. How much would that be? caend mise?
Three tomans. se toman How much would the postage be? pule postes caend mise
2 0 At the Post Office - 17 -
Surface mail or air zaemini ya haeva'i?
Surface mail. zaemini. All together it will be five ru haem raefte paenj toman tomans. mi_e. Thank you very much. mersi, mamnunaem.
Vocabulary stamp tambr (tamr) post card kart postal surface mail post- zaemini air mail poste haevaq domestic daxeli foreign xareji wait, please. saebr konin parcel baeste registered sefaresi window baje in, inside tu, tus v to break sekaestaen breakable, fragile sekaestaeni valuable, value qeymaeti, qeymaet
insurance bime to insure bime kaerdaen V insured (t_ is -11 ed) bimeBode
to be insured bime sodaen 21 At the Post Office 18 -
Vocabulary
I want to send mixam befrestaem about, approximately daer hodude
hundred saed on the whole, all together ruye haem raefte
letter name
envelope pakaet
mailtan name raesan, postci telegraph, telegram telgeraf a to telegraph, send a wire telgeraf kaerdaen
telephone telefon to telephone telefon kaerdaen
telephone operator = telefonoi A VCCAMULARY OF
USEFUL INFORMATION
By
Mohammed Zarnegar
PEACE CORPS IRAN PAHLAVIUNIVERSITY TRAINING PROJECT
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS
AUSTIN, TEXAS
November 15, 1965 - January29, 1966
23 CONTENTS
1. The Persian Calendar
2. Parts of the Body
3. Clothing and Personal Needs
4. Furniture and Household Weeds
5. Profession and Trades
6. $eenceB, Art and Humanities
2 4 USEFUL II0NATI0N
1. THE PERSIAN CALENDAR
The official Persian calendar is the solar, hejira /hejri/ calend- reformed in the eleVenth century by a group of scientists under the famous astronomer-poet Omar Khayyam. It is said to be more accurate than the
Gregorian calendar by some cix seconds per year. It has twelve monthsthe first six being 31 days each; the next five having 30 days and the las_ month has either 29 Or 30 days depending upon the exact astronomical tine when the pun enters,Aries; that is, the Vernal equinox.If the equinox occurs before
12 noon, that day is the New Year's Day /nowru and hence the last month has
29 days only. But .if the transition taehvil/ occurs in the afternoon, that day 10 the 30th day of the 12th month and the following day is thenlst day of the new year. The calendar is thus self-correcting. The era begins from the flight of Mbh- the Prophet, from Mecca to Medina in 622 A.D.
Being based on actual astronomical computation, the twelve Months also
Indicate seasonal changes: the first three being spring; the next three, summer and so en-
Spring baehar
Summer tabestan fi
Autumn pa'iz orxaezam
_Winter zaemestan
The 12 months of thePersian calendar are as follows:
faervaerdin approximately March 21 to April 20 ordibehest It il 21 Nay 21 xordad It 22 June 21 tir June 22 July 22 mordad OR aemaerdnd July 23 August 22 iaehrivar IT AUgust 23 .- September 22 mehr September 23- October 22 aban October 23 - November 21 azaer November 22 - December al dey December 22 january 20 baehmsen January 21 - February 19 eafaend 25 February 20 - March 20 2
TO CONVERT the Persian solarcalendar /sale hejri 6aemsi/ to the Christian approximation era /salemiladi/, simply add 622 to the Persian year and an add 621 to the Persian year for is obtained. For a more accurate conversion, the period of March 21 th oughDecember 31 of that year(faervaerdin 1 to dey 10) and 622 for the period ofJanuary 1 through March 20dey 11 through esfaend 29).
Thus when our project began on November 15,1965, it was 24th of Aban 1344, and January 29, 1966 is the 9th of Bahman1344. The year 1345 begins on
March 21, 1966.
NOTE how the date is written in Persiaand in Persian. The month is not February 21, 1966 (repeat NOT) placed first. If you are writing in English should not be written as 222/65. To the Persian this would mean thesecond day of the 22nd month. It should be written as22/2/66. Same with the
Persian date and if you are writing it inPersian numerals it would appear as 1966/2/22.
For historical and religious purposes however, the Arabic lunar Hejira calendar /sale hejrj ciaem i is used. This is a lunar calendar and does not follow the seasons at all, sinceit has only 654 days. The current year is 1385 and it began on May 3 1965. The disparity between the solar1344
and the lunar 1385 is thus accounted for.
TO CONVERT the lunar Hejira year designated as A.H.) into the Christian year designated asA.D.) the following formula is used for a goodapproxi- mation:
A.D. A.H. x 0.97 -I- 621.54
Comprehensive tables are also availablein English and other languages for
this purpose. 26 PARTS OF THE BODY /ae'zwe baedaen
the human body baedaene ensan
head saer
hair mu
forehead piani
eyebrow aebru
eye caesm
ar gus
nose bini colloq. demaq)
lip laeb
mouth daehan
tooth daendan
chin CS- colloq. cune
neck gaerdaen
shoulder olloq. sune
waistback kaemaer
chest sine
'bear stomach sekaem (polite form del/
hand, arm daest
elbow araenj
wrist moce-daest
palm (of the h d kaefe daest
finger aengust
nail naxon
thumb saest
thigh ran
leg pa 27 4
knee zanu
quzaeke pa
foot Pa
toe aenag:te pa
big toe saeste pa
CLOTHING AND PERSONAL NEEDS
clothing lebas, -Iaelbus
personal needs laevazeme saexsi
men's garments lebase mardure
women's garments lebase zenune
overcoat paltu
suit kot-s--lvar
coat kot
sport coat kote spor
./ slacks, trousers saelvar
undershirt zir pirehaeni
shirt pirahaer
underwear zir saelvar
socks jurab _V shoes kaefs
d_t-mal
ne,*:ktie kaeravat
tie popeyur
wrap mantow
skir damaen
blouse bluz
slip zir puS 28 5
hat kolan
scarf sal gaerdaen
bra pes un baend
girdle korset
.,- q)ants tonke
outer garments lebase ru
under garments lebase zir
stockings, hose jurab zenane
comb sune
brush brus
lipstick matik
rouge rooz
cream kerem
hair dye raenge muye seer
hair shampoo sampu
hair _lotion loseyone mu
cologne od kolon
perfume
NA, makeup arayes
haircut eslahe seer
nail clipper naxon
nail saw suhane naxon N/ razor tiq, xod taeras v electric razor xod t as baercii
shaving cream creme ris taerasi, x
tooth paste xandr ddendan
tooth brush mesvak
to brush the teeth mesvak kaesidaen 29 6
jewelry jaevaherat
necklace gaerdaen baend
bracelet daest baend
bangles aelaenga
ring aengustaer
diamond aelmas
turquoise firuze
ruby lae'l, yaqut
pearl morvarid
eyeglasses eynaek
p escription eyeglasses eynaeke nomre'i
sun glasses eynaeke aftabi
shoe polish vakse kaefs
to polish the shoe yaks zaedaen
to iron otu kae\S'idaen
electric iron otu baerqi
steam iron otu boxer
to dry clean xosk su'i
to wash sostaen
laundry lebas su'i
FURNITURE AND HWSEHOLD NEEDS /mobl vae laevazeme maenzel/
chair saendaeli
table, desk miz
tea table mize ca'y
bed taexte xab
couch mobl
30 curtains paerde carpet, rug firs qali air condition kooler heater (electric) boxari. baerqi fire-place boxari sitting room otaqe nesimaen drawing roOM hmunxune dining room otaqe naehar xori bed room otage xab terrace maehtabi swimmang pool estaexre sena garden) garden bag, bagce (aspaez, cook) kitchen aspaez xune refrigerator yaex cal
oven fer burner ojaq
faucet sire ab
bathroom hammam- V. shower dus .1 to take a shower dus gereftaen
wash basin daest su'i
water closet (lavatory) mostaerah
tissue paper kaqaeze mo:
soap sabun
towel howle
plate bosqab glass livan, gilas
3 1 cup and saucer fenJun-na'lbsaki
spoon qasoq
fork caengal
knife kar
cooking pot dig
skillet, frying pan mahi tave
strainer ab Imes
tray sini
PROFESSIONS AND TRADES ag.P1/
account--- hesabdar
architect me'mar
astronaut faeza naevaerd (f _-za, space
astron_mer setare-senas (setare, st_
bacteriologist mikrob- enas
baker nanva (colloq. nunva
barber saelmani colloq. saeii
blacksmith ahaengaer(ah iron)
butcher qaessab
carder paembe zaen (paembe, cot on)
d.ge; chef saer aspaez saer, head; as, p_ paez, from poxtaen, to cook.
chemist simidan
cobbler pine duz
confectioner qaennad
cook aspaez (see chef above
dancer raeqqas
darner rofu-gaer
diver cpevvaS
doctor ( doktor 32 draper baezzaZ driver anaende, sofer druggist darusiz; daeva saz dyer raeng-riz editor modire ruzname (ruzname, newspaper
engineer mohaendes
farmer zare'; kesavaerz
florist gol-ferus
gardener baqban
glass-blower sise-saz
goldsmith, silversmith z: r-gaer
grocer baeqqal *./ hunter saeyyad, sekar-ci
jeweler javahe -saz
judge qazi
laborer, worker kar-gae
lawyex vaekile dad-gostaeri
midwife qabele
mechanic mikanik
military officer aefsaere aertes
miner maedaen-ci
mu4i musiqi-dan
naval offi aefsaere niruye d a'i
perfumer aetr-ferus
Photographer aekkaa
Physician doktor, taebib
pilot xaeleban 33 10
%. poet sa'er
pol±ceman pasban (colloq. azan
porter haemmal
potter sefal-gaer
printer maethe-ci
saddler zin-saz
sailor maellah, nevi
sculptor mojaesseme-saz, peykaertaeras
shetherd gaelle-ban
shoemaker kaeffas
soldier saer-bazone who is prepared to lose his head, life.
surgeon jaerrah
sweeper jam kaes
teacher mo'aellem, daebir
vet, surgeon dam pezeskdam, t
washerwoman rae -su
weaver bafaende, naessaj
writer naevisende
zoologist janevaer-senas
6. SCIENCESART AND HUMANITIES /olum, honaer vee olume ensani/
olume taebi'i , physical sciences
biological sciences olume haeyati
space sciences olume faeza'i
atomics olume aetomi
mathematics reyazi
astronomy hey'aet, setare-senasi 3 4 11 physics fizik geology zaemin-senasi moteorolo haeva-senasi geography jografi
w' chemistrY simi biology zist-senasi, beyolozi anthropology ensan-senasi archaeology bastan-senasi medicine pezeski, tebb pharmacology daru-senasi
Nof anatomy taesrih, kalbod sekafi physiology elmol aeza, fiziyolozi psycholo raevan-senasi philosophy faelsaefe theology elahi :at linguistics zaeban-senasi logic m_ nteo. law hoguci economics ecitesad history tarix politics seyasaet government hokUmaet a.ministrat1on olume edari, modiriyy_ t, sazmane edari, dowlaet
honaer architec e me 'Mari dance r_ s 12
musigi music naeqqasi painting N. mojaesseme-sazi,peykaer-taerasi sculpture aedaebiyyat literature aekkasi photography cap, saen'aete cap printing acting (cinema, TV, r honaer-pisegi
t 'atrnaemayes-name theatre taez'yine daxeli interior decoration sefal-gaeri pottery faerbaeng, koltur culture amizes-o-paervaeres education din, maezhaeb religion
36 PERSIAN VOCABULARY ANDEXPRESSIONS
FOR
THE ARTS AND THEHUANITIES
Prepared
by
Norm and Curtis Svare
PEACE CORPS IRAN PAHLAVIUNIVERSITY TRAINING PROJECT The University of Texas Austin, Texas November 15, 1965 - January29, 1966
3 7 TABLE OF CONT- TS
gggggglagggOggegsgg 1 I. Historical Perspect ve .. II. PersIan Architecture
.. 4 III. Architecture in Isfahan......
. 7 IV. Iranian Ziggurat. .
...... V. Modern Buildings -......
000.641,000.0.0,11 VI. General Vocabulary for -chitecture
. ga . gg . gg.. g g. .. mason. . g16 VII. Painting......
. 18 ...... VIII. Persian . . .
gr*O000 . gAgge .21 IX. Musical Instruants .4000660*g*.
. 23 X. Musical Instruments (Ney)......
. 25 XI. General Vocabulary on Art andthe Humanities......
... . g# . .. 27 XII. Literary Terms . .. Histo ical Perspective
What were the four major artistic cahar taerh moheme henaer deer qurume styles in the medieval vosta cist? world?
2. Ea ly Christian, Byzantine, maektaebe maesihiyane a vaeliye, bizans, Romanesque, and Gothic rumivae gotik.
What is Byzantine art? saebke bizans cist?
Byzantine art is a mixture of saebke bizans maexluti aez saebke Oriental and classical saergi vae saebke kelasik aest art.
5. How are early Christian mosaics kasikarihaye maesihiyane aevaeliye made? bece vaejh dorost iode?
6. Early Christian mosaics are maesihiyane aevaeliye kaeihara kenare assembled rathern than haem qaerar midadaend bejaye drawn, they are therefore inke rye anhara raeng bezaenaend. very colorful and de- vae be in daelil anha xeyli corative. xosraenk vae taezin daehaend haestaend
7. W -t are the characteri: ics of mojaesae saemehaye gotlk ce mosaexaessati Gothic sculpture? daraend?
8. Gothic sculptures are plastic, mojaesae mehaye gotik plastik, se three dimensional and very bowdi vae xeyli mojaelael haestaend ornate.
Was Germany influenced by Gothic Aya saebke gotik be almanhaem nufuz style? kaerd?
10. Yes, since Gothic style in baele, con saebke gotik deer aeksaere Germany wes_largely maegasihae vae mojaesaemehaye noticeable in painting almani dide misaevaed and sculpture.
Vocabulmiy
1. important mohem
2. art honaer
Middle Ages qurune vosta
3 9 (continued) 2 _Historical_ Perspective Vocabular
mixture maexluti
east saerq
Oriental saerqi
next kenar
to place, to put qaerar dadaen
for this reason be in daelii
10. instead of bejaye inke
11. statue sculpture mojaesaeme
12. ornate mojaelael
13. Germany alman
14. to influence mufuz kaerdaen
4 0 II. Persian Architecture
tje'marjtye irank
ciz
cera me'mariye iranimonhaesere befaerd 1. What is unique about Persian architecture? aest? mokaemele taemane 2. Persian architecture represents con me'mariye Irani the assimilation of all the saebkhaye me'mariye qaedime yunani architectural forms of the seeroest. Vae.mp'mariye ancient orient. It has also haem ruye an moaeser budeaest. been influenced by Greek architecture.
Ho this possible? Cetowr cenin cize momken aest?
4 Because there were n_restrictions con maehd-odiaetemaezhaebi baeraye naedastaend. vae: on plan or design byreli-' naegse ye taerh saxtemani gion nor was there a lack con kaembude maesalehe maenid vikid of building materials or vae sjoua largaer craftsmen. naedast
41 4 III Architecture in /sfa-n
Me'mari deer_ Esfehan
Why does Isfahan have global cera esfehan sohraetelaehanl daraed? fame?
maesjedha, qaesrha, 2. Isfahan is famous because of es ehan baeraye its mosques, palaces, polha vae emaraethaye tarixiyaes bridges and historical maeshur aest. monuments.
During which period were the aeksaere baenahaye esfehan daer ce majority of Isfahan's mon- dorei saxte sode aest? uments built?
The majority of them were aeksaere anha deer doreyeP selseleye built during the Safavid saefaevi saxte sode aest. dynasty. saefaevi 5. What was the architectural saebk me'marihaye doreye style during the Safavid ce bude aest? period?
saebk irani ya saebk eslami. 6. Iranian and Islamic styles.
7. What is Islamic style? saebke eslami cist? aest? B. Where i s it used? vae koja bekar borde code eslami 9 Islamic architecture is uSed deer aeksaere maesajed saebke in the majority of mosques. bekar horde sode aest vae OPer In all of them the arch- haemeye anha howz, menare itecture,,pool, minaret vae gonbaed vujeddaraed. and dome are present. maesjedha haem eslamist? 10. Are the mosaic work in the mos- naeqs kaiikari ques of Islamic design too?
ta aendazei, con anha haeme naeqs 11. They are to some extent, be cause they are usually irani bee'd aez eslamra daraend of the post-Islamic Iranian style.
naeqS irani bae'd aez eslam cis ? 12. What is signifi_ant about Post- Islamic Iranian style design in mosaic work? keSidaene sekpaye 13. Since in Islam drawing living con deer eslam items were forbidden, the zende maemnu'aest, naeqs irani Post-Islamic Iranian design bae'd aez eslam maejnueye aez is a combination of geome- xutut, hendesi seklhaye taesaevori tric design, imaginative vae ayate cloranaest? 4 2 Architec in Isfahan Vocabulary
1. fame sohraet
globial jahani
mosque maesjed
mosques maesajed (pl)
palace qae
6. bridge pol
7. building emaraer
9. historical buildings emarathaye
famous maeshur
10. monument ena
11. period dore
12. has been built saxte sode aest
13. architectural style saebte me'mari
14. has been used bekar borde sode aest
15. arch qows
16. pool, howz
17. minaret menare
18. dome gonbaed
19. design neeqa
20. mosaic, tile work kasikari
21. to so e extent ta aendazei
22. to draw kesidaen
23. f gure sekl
24. live (alive) zende
25. forbidden maemnu'; 6 a -nVocabulary ontinued)
maejmueye 26. combination, collection xaet 27. line xutut (p1) 28. lines xutute hendesi 29 geometrical lines (design) taesaevorl 30. imaginative
koran's verses (calligraphy) ayate caoran
4 4 7 . IV. IranIan Ziggurat
Zigurathaye Iran
What is a Ziggurat? zigurat ci
A Ziggurat is an architectural zigurat baenaye me'maristke monument characteristic monhaeser be beyno naehreynasst of Mesapotamia.
4 What characteristics do they anha ce mosaexaesati daraend? have?
4. They are very large terraced an borjhaye besyar bozorgi haestaend towers of diminishing ke eyvanhaye aetrafe an betaedrije stages. kucek miSaevaend.
5. How do you get-from one level eyvanha bece vasilei behaem motaeselaend? to another?
Each stage may be reached by be haer taebaeqe ya eyvan bevaesileye ramps or stairs. pele ya rahro misaevaed raefr.
What s the purpose of a zigurathara baeraye ci misaxtaend? ziggurat?
They were used for religious aez ziguratha baeraye umurmaezhaebi purposes', on top of each estefade miSode aest. ziggurat there was a deer balaye haer zigurat yek small shrine. otaqe moqaedaes gaerar daraed
Where a e these temples found emruze in mae"abed deer koja today? gaerar daraend?
10. In the south of Iran there deer junube iran haenuz caendin are still a few ziggurat mae'beede zigurat vujud daraed temples.
Vocabulary _
1. unique t_ characteristic of monhaeser
2. characteristics mosaexaesat
tower borj
terrace eyvan
gradually betaedrije
45 Iranian Ziggurat Voca_ con :nued)
motaesel 6. connected
7. level taebaeqe
8. with the help of bevaesileye
pele 9. stairs
10. ramps rahro
11. religious purposes umur maezhaebi estefade misode aeSt 12 was used for
13. room otaq
14. holy moqaedaes mae'abed (pl) 15. temples
16;-temple, shrine mae'bad
17. bv.kath junub
18. many oaendin
19. Mesopotamia beynonae Modern Buildings
xternanhave jaedid
Saxtemanhayc jaedide iran aez ce Which style inspired the new buildings in Iran? saebki elham gereftaaend
aez taerheurupai vae aez taerhe 2. The European style and the old Persian style. irane bastan taerhe irane bastan cis What is old Persian style? estemale saenghaye bozork vaziyad Usage of many large rocks.
What is European style? taerhe urupai cist? este'male siman, ajor vaesaenkhaye 6. Usage of cement, bricks, and small rocks. kucek. maesalehe saxtemani haenuzhaem 7. e rocks and mudstill used as basic construction saenkogel aest? material? biataer maealeha No, today European construction nacxeyr, emruze material is,widely used saxtemaniye urupai maesraef misaevaed mesle cement vae such as concrete and pelastic. plastic. karxane haye ajor, Are there any brick,plaster, aya deer iran kaec vae siman vujud darad? or cement factories in Iran? baele, deer aekaaere sahrhayeIran Yes, there are factoriesin 10. karxanehaye maesalehe saxtemani the major Iraniancities. vujud darad.
saxteman 1. building
new jaedid
style saebk elham kereftaen 4 to be inspired by taerh 5. style urupai 6. European
47 10 Modern Buildin abulary (continued)
old Persian irane bastan
to use este'mal kaerdaen
9. tock saeng
10. many ziyad
11, cement siman
12. brick ajor
13. material maesalehe
14. mud gel
15. It is used maesraf misaevaed
16, factory karxane
17. plaster kaec
18. it is found vujud daraed
19. majority aeksaer
4 8 11 VI. GeneralVocabulary for Architecture
me'marl
Aseman xaeras 1. sky scraper taezyin 2. decoration
pillar sutun baena, emaraet 4. building
arch gos
surface maesahaet Mai 7. title
dome gombaed
11 divar saeqf 10. roof, ceiling taebaeqe 11. fl zaemin land maezalehe satem 13. construction material xegt 14. adobe ajor 15. brick cub 16. wood ahaen 17. steel beam gaec 18. plaster qir 19. tar gel 20. mud siman 2]. cement saeng 22. rock mase 23. sand aback 24. lime
4 9 In. General Vocanu_12ELLEJ11.521tIrss(continusd) 12
25. bronze meraeg
26. dirt xak
27. pipe lule
28. water pipe lule ab
29. sewage lule fazel ab
30. air conditioner taehviye
31. electrical sim baerq
32. telephone wire sim telefon
33. well cah
34. ceptic well cahe faxel ab
35. water well cahe ab
36. pillar sutun
37. pond, pool hoz, estaexr
38. balcony, patio eyvan
39. kitchen aspaezxane
40. toilet mostaerah
41. room otag
42. bridge pol
43. mosque maesjed
44. palace gaesr, kax
45 church kelisa
46. historical monument badnaye tarixi
47. plaza, square meydan
48. brick (fired) ajor
49. dimension bo'd
50. circumference mohit
51. diameter gotr 52. radius 50 VI.General Voc chi -e -cmtinued)
zavie angle
length tul
width aerz
height ertefa'
57. section gesmaet
58. depth Oing
89. elevation ertefa'
60. section qesmaet naeqde 61. plan
62. perspective perspectiv naeosiye daeqiq 63. detailed drawing faerh 64. sketch aesbaberaesm 65. drawing instruments xaetkese te 66. T-Square mosaelaes 67. triangle mizeraesm 68. drafting table sepaye 69. easel estudiye naqde kesi 70. drafting stUdio
71. light nur
72. shadow caye
73. curtain, drapery paerde
74* garden baqce
75. foliage
76* carpet faers
77. fount faevare pele 78 stair asansor 79. elevator 14 GeneraVocabulary for Architecture (continued)
.80. roof saeqf
81. TMtch puSal
82. stucco kaee
83. concrete (mort-_ and rocks) esfelt
84. steel fulad
85. wood (struct al ) beam cub
86. wood (cabinetry) aelvar
87. stone saenq
88. marble maermaer
89. aluminum alminiom
90. plate glass si e
91. threshold astane
92. door frame cahar cube daer
93. window frame cahar cube paenjere
94. floor zaemin
95. ceiling saeqf
95. wall divar
97. shingles sofal
98, canvas kaerbas
99. tent cador lop. column sutan
101. beam t ir
102. joint zanu
103. screw plc
104. nut mohre
105. bolt Pic
106. mural divari decorat -ns 52 taezyinat 15 General Vocabula Yft chitecture (continued)
109. office daeftaer
110. closet estaf
111. classroom kelas
112. auditorium anfiteatr
113. theater ta'atr
114. room otaq' VII. Painting 16
soma naegasi dust darid? 1. Do you like painting? baele, maexsusaen be naegabihaye 2. Yes, I especially like modern paintings. jaedid xeyli aelage daraem mikesid? Do you paint yourself? soma xodetun tablo baele, ta behal.caendin tabloye 4. Yes, I have done quite a few water color paintings. abraenk ke6ideaem
raenke rogaen haem kar mikonid? 5. Do you work with oil painttoo? baele, vaeli abraenkobiAaer dust 6. Yes, but I prefer watercolor. daraem
7. How about pastel? ba kaece raengi ceto naexeyr, con men dustdaraem ba 8. No because I like to work with hair brush. qaelaemmu kar kondaem. be saebke jaedid naegaSmikonid 9. Do you paint in modern styleor classical? ya kelasik? naegaii mikonaem I paint in.modemstyle because maen besaebke jaedid 10. benaezaere in my opinion color contrast con taezade raenkha is very interesting. man xeyli jaleb aest.
Vocabulary_
1. to paint naeqasi-kaerdaen
2. naeqaai painting _
modern jaedid
to paint (on a canvas) tablo kesidaen
do you paint? tablo mikesid?
color abraenk
tablo ke'Sideaem 7. 1 have painted.
paint raenk
oil rogaen raenke rogaen 10. oil paint
U. pastel gaece raengi VII. Painting Vocabular continued) 17
12 pen, qaelaem
13a hai- brush qaelaem mu
style saebk VIII. Persia Miniatures 18
miniaturhae irani
How can one recognize Persian naegasiye iranira cetowr mitaevan minature? senaxt?
2. In Persian miniature and Japan- deer miniature Irani vae deer ese painting line and naegasiye japoni 'wet vae saeth surface are the main vahedhaye aesliye baeyan uniteof expression. haestaend.
What about renaissance painting? naegasiye ronesans ceto
4. In Italian paints (Renais- deer naeciasiye italiyai (ronesans) sance) volume and space heejm vae faeza vahedhaye aesli are the main units of hastaend. expressions. 5. In Persian paintings why are cera xaete ofog deer miniaturehaye the horizons high like irani mesle naegasibaye gurune paintings of the Middle vosta balast? Ages?
In the first place, the line con aevaelaen xaet vae goseofoq and arch of horizon creates ba'ese taevazone miniature the balance. Secondly, misaevaed. dovomaen miniatureha the Persian miniature do bowdi haestaend. is two dimensional.
7. How is distance expressed? pees faseleye duro naezdik cetowr negan dade misaevaed?
8. Distance is expressed by placing ba ruye haem gozastaene taesavir figures above each other. fasele negan dade misaevaed.
e ha bekar 9. What kind of balance is used? ce taevazoni daer miniat borde milaevaed?
10. Balance of direc ion is used in taevazone jehaet deer taesvir vae various degrees. tekehaye moxtaelefe an bekar borde mi6aevaed. 19 VIII. Per ian Miniatures,Vocabulary
naegasi 1. painting
2. Japanese Japoni
3. line xaet
4, surface saeth
5. unit vahed
baeyan 6. expression
main aesli
volume haejm
space faeza ofoq 2.0. horizon
mesl 11. like, similar qaern 12. century
134 centuries qurun qurun vosta 14. middle ages
15. high, up bale
16. firstly aevaelaen dovomaen 17. secondly
18. cause taevazon 19. balance
bowd 20. dimension fasele 21. distance
22, far dur naezdik 23, near ruye
. 24. on
5 7 VIII. Persian Miniatures, ocabula y (continued) 20
25. pictures taesvir
26. pictures taesavir
27. balance of direction taevazone jehaet
28. piece teke
29. different moxtalef
5 8 21 IX. Musical Instruments (saentur)
alatemuseqi (saentur)
soma ba alate museqiyeirani a na 1. Are you familiar withPersian musical instruments? haestid? maen faeqaet ba vialon vaetar asna 2. only familiar with the violin and tar. haestaem.
-e you familiar with santour ba saenturo ney cetowr? and ney?
What is a santour? saentur cist? alate The santour is a musical saentur sazist aez xanevadeye instrument from the zehi. string family. kaemunce ya mandolin Does it have a similarity aya sebahaeti be to the kamanche or daraed? mandolin? jae'beist besekl No, the santour is a box-like naexeyr saentur instrument of trapezoid zuzaenaeqe ke daer ruye on shape with 72 strings. haeftado do (72) sim saxte soda aest.
How do they play it? saenturra cetowr minaevazaend? cubiye They play sentour with 2 saenturra ba do mezrabe long wooden sticks bolaend minaevazaend.
VocabularL alaete museqi 1. musical instrument alale museqi 2. musical instruments asna budaen 3. to be familiar with
saz 4. musical instrument
family xanevade
at ing instruments alatezehi
7. box jae'be
form of shape sekl
5 9 22 IX. Musical Instruments, Vocabulary_(con inued).
trapezoid zuzaenaege
10. string Sim saxte sode aest 11. has been built
12 they play minaevazaend
13. pick mezrab
14. to pliy naevaxtaen
15 wooden cubi
6 0 X. Musical Instruments (Ney) 23
Alate museqi (ney)
Is the ney similar to the flute? aya ney vae fulut behaemie hae daraend?
Yes, they are both from the baele haer do aez xanevadeye elate woodwind family. badi haestaend.
Is the ney wooden or metal? ney cubist ya felesi?
4. The ney, like the flute, could ney haem mesl fulut cubi yafelesist be either wooden or metal
5. Then, what is the difference pees faerg ney ba fulut cist? between the ney and the flute?
The flute could be accompanied fufutra misaevaed haemrahe ba elate by other musical instru- museqi digaer naevaxt.Vaeli ments, while the ney usually ney aeksaeraen besuraete solo is played in solo. naevaxte mii'aevaed.
haemrahi kaerd? 7. Why can the ney not be accompanied?cera ba ney nemisaevaed
Because they are usually made con aeksaere oqat cupanan vaemaerdome by sheperds and common ami bedune aSnaiye ba nothaye people without musical museqi nev misazaend. nothaye knowledge. Therefore ney ba sayere elatemuséqi the instrument is not made haem a haengi naedaraed. in any standard key.
Vocabulary
1. similar to Saebih
woodwind instruments elate museqi body
wind bad
4. metal felezi
5. difference faerq
accompany haem rah ba
sheperd cupan
common people maerdome ami
61 24 MusicalInstx Vocabularycontinued)
I famili-1 ity asna i
10, without bedun
11. harmony haem ahaengi
6 2 and the Humanities 25 XI. General V cabulary on Art
famous maeshur
center maerkaez
mosque maesjed
qaesr 4. palace poi 5. bridge emaraet 6. buiading
7. historical tarikhi
design naeqs
kasi 9. tile
country maemlekat (sing.) maemalek (pl.) 11. countries taeqlid 12. copied influenced by saebihe 13. similar to sofal 14. pottery sofal kari 15. pottery work kuze 16. ceram c kuzegaeri 17. ceramic work maefreq 18. bronze novekari 19. silver felez 20. metal kaec bóri 21 frescoes naeqasi rye aj 22. painting on ivory bafte 23. knitting saeng tae a 24. stone carving
6 3 continued ) XI General Vocabulary on Artand the Humanities
monaebaet kari 25. wood carving Taezhib 26 gold leaves jaevaher 27. jewelry neve 28. silver taela 29. gold mes 30. copper sofal 31. ceramic mina 32 enamel with miniaturepainting xataem 33. very fine mosaicwork
aj 3I4 . ivory aebrissem 35. silk pae2m 36. wool naexi 37. cotton la'abi 38 enamel 'ayeg beendl 39. insulation bum 40. canvan haem ahaengi 4]. harmony taevazon 42. balance ahaeng 43. rhythm aerzes 44. value jensiyaet 45. texture haejm 46. volume faeza 47. space saeth
paerde 49. measure taevazone garinei SO symmetrical balance taevazone jehaet 51. balance of direction 6 4 27 XII. General Vocabulary on Literary Terms
tarixe aedaebi--at Literary History_
2. literature aedaebiyyat naezm 3. verse
4. prose naesr
5. writer naevisaende
poetry se 'r
poet sa'er
8. patron hami
9. rhyme qafiye
10. rytbm , measure, meter vaezn, baehr
11. couplet beyt
12. ode qaeside
13. sonnet qaezael
14. quatrain robe' i dastan 15. story hekayaet
16. epigram laetife
17. lyric baezmi
18. epic raezm
19. didactic aexlaqi
20. panygeric maedihe haejviYyeh, heja 2. sat ire maersiyye, resa 22. elegy
23. pseudonym, poet c name taexaellos
24. religious maezhaebi, dini
25. romantic esqi
26. ancient bastani
27. classical kelasik 23 XII. General Vocabulary on ilteraryTermscontinued)
28. modern jaedid
29. contemporary mo'aser
30. subject mo'zu' saenaye' ba- 31. Figures of Speech taejnis (mehr, sun, love) 32. homonym maeqlub (rad, heroic; dar, house) 33. anagram taesbih (mesle mahe, she islike the moon.) 34. simile este'are (mah budl she the) moon.) 35. metaphor mobaleqe (kuh aez didaenaes laerzid! 36, hyperbole the mountain shook (in fear) on seeing the hero!)
37. allusion taelmih
38. inversion 'asks
29. antithesis taezad
40. question and answer soal- -jaevab
6 6 PERSIAN VOCABULARY AND EXPRESSIONS
FOR
BIOLOGY
Prepared
by
Mastaneh Madani
Peace Corps Iran Pahlavi University TrainingProject The University of Texas Austin, Texas November 15, 1965 - January 29,
6 7 (1)
biology zist-senasi, biyolozi
cell selul
white corpuscle golobule sefid
4. red corpuscle golobule germez
5. nucleus haeste
heredity verasaet. taevaros
hromosome korornazoin
8. gene Zen, toxm
botany geyah senasi
10. plant geyah
11. seed baezr
12. root rise
13. stem sage
14. branch saxe
15. leaf baerg
16. flower gol
17. fruit mive
18. shrub bute
lg. bush bute
20. t_ee deraext
21 orinthology paeraende senasi
22. brd paeraende, morq
23. feather peer
24. wing bal
25. bill nok, mengar
26. crow kaelag
27. sparrow gomesk 6 8 28. pigeon kaebutaer (collog. kaeftaer) tavus 29. peacock
juje 30. chicken morq, makeyen 31. hen xorus 32. rooster heyvan sena 33. zoology heyvan 34. animal
35. tail dum
sum 36. hoof
paenj e caeng 37. claws
38. lion sax
39. tiger baebr
saeg 40. dog gorbe 41. cat mar 42. snake
43. worm kerm
44. frog qurbaqe haesaere senasi 45. entomology
46. fly maegaes v 47. mosquito paesse- kaek 48. flea
49. bee zaembur paervane, bid SO. moth zaembure aesael 51. honey bee paervane 52. butte fly susk 53. cockroach
grasshopper, locust maelaex elmol-ae'za, eime aemaele baedaen 55. physiology /elm/ science 6 9 Persian Vocebressions for Biolo
56. circulation of blood gaerdese xun
574 respiratory system daestgahe taenaeffos
58. digestive system daestgahe hazeme (or Jae _ze hazeme)
59. reproductory system daestgahe towlide mesl
60. senses haevas (pl.) (sing. Aess/.)
61. vision bine i (or basere)
62 hearing senaeva'i (or same'
63. smell buya'i (or same'e)
taste cesati (or za'eqe"
65. touch lamese
66. anatomy tasrih
67. nerve 'aesaeb
68. bone ostoxan
69. skeleton eskelet
70. blood xun
71. muscle mahice (or taezole
72. heart qaelb, (or_del)
73. liver jagaer (or kaebed)
74. stomach mede (or sekaem)
75. lung reye
76. kidney kolye (colloq. golve)
77. throat gaelu
78. vertebral column sotune faeqaerat
79. small intestine rude barik
00. large intestine rude bozorg
81. microbiology mikrob-senasi
82. microbe mikrob 83. bacteria 70 bakteri Persian Vocabulary and Expressions for Biology
84. micro-organism mowjudate zaerre-bini /zarre-bin/, magnifying glass
85. amoeba am b
86. medicine tebb, pezeski
87. diphtheria difteri
88. typhoid tifu'id
89. measles sorxaek
90. syrup saerbaet
91. tablet gors
92. pill haebb
93. capsule kaepsul
94. injection, to inject suzaen, ampul, arnpul zaedaen
95 surgery jaerrahi
96. operation aemaele laerrahi
970 bleeding xun-rizi
98. stitch baexye
7 1 5 ian Vocabulary and pressi ns Biology -taer mise. Biology is becoming more biyolozi haer ruz dare moh important every day
selul vahede zendegi-ye. Or: selul 2. The cell is the unit of life. vahede haeyati-ye.
xun daraye do no?'golobule. 3. Blood has two kinds of cor- puscles: white and red haer selule zende daraye yaek 4. Every living cell has a nucleus. haeste-ye.
Heredity and environment play verasaet-p mohit deer zendeg ye ensan major par s in one's life. naeqee bozorgi daraend. (/mohit/ environment.) pedaero Chromosomes transfer hereditary koromozomha xaesayese ersi ra aez 6. mikonaend. traits from the parents to madaer be aetfal montaegel the offspring. (faetfalf, children; sing./tefl/ child.)
koromozomha 7. Genes are chemical units of zen-ha vahede simiya'iye the chromosomes. haestaend.
Botany is an interest_ geyah-senasi elme jalebiye. science.
A pla grows from the seed. geyeh aez baezr rniruye. be geyah komaek 10. The root helps the plant r se deer taeqzeye to feed. mikone. Nr. xorsld U. Stems and branches grow toward sageha vae saxeha betaeraefe the sun. miruyaend. dobare Leaf, flower and fruit fall baerge-o miveha mirizaend vae 12. miruyaend. and re-appear again inspring deer baehar-o tabestan and summer. deer baq buteha-vo derae.ctaye - 13. There are many bushes, shrubs and trees in the garden. zeyad haest.
elme paeraende-senasi elmeasani nist. 14. Orinthology is not an easy science. paeraendeha paer daraend- I-o nok. 15. Birds have feathers, wings, bills.
_ deer iran Sparrows, pigeons and crows gomesk-o kaebutaer-o kaclaq are'very common in Iran. zeyadaend.
haer ruz xorus-o morq-ojuje be 17. Roosters, hens and chickens are brought to themarket saehr mi-araend. every day. 7 2 Persian Vocabulary andxpressions for Biology
heyvan-senasi elme jalebiye. 18. Zoology is an inteesting science. vaeqti ke heyvanat xub xorde basaend, 19. Animals are very tame when they are well fed. xeyli ram haestaend.
20. Donkeys have tails and hoofs olaqa dom-o som daraend vaeli caeng but not claws. naedaraend.
21. "The cat is a lion incatching gorhe siraest deer gereftaene mus; a mouse; but it isa mouse lik maaest daer maesafe paelaeng! in the battlefieldof the --from Golestane Saadi. leopard."--proverb
22. Frogs eat worms and snakes eat gorbaqe kerm mixore vae mar frogs. qprbaqe ra. vv The entomologist studies all haesaere-senas aenva'e maegaesa,:o paesseha 23. haesaerat dige kinds of flies, mosqu toes ra motale'e mikone vae and other insects. haem. amrazaend. 24. Mosquitoes and fleas carry maegaes-o kaek hamel mikrobe disease germs. (/aemraz/, diseases.)
25. Persian poets are very much so'araye iran xeyli taehte tae' impressed by the moth qaerar eerefte'aend ke cetowr burning itself in the vane xode"go daerlo'leye flame of the candle. misuzune.
zaembure aesael nis b.aem mizaene. 28. The honey bee also stings. bayaed susk ra aez beyn bord. 27. Cockroaches have to be destroyed.
28. Some people eat 1 usts and bee'zi maerdom maelaex-o mixoraend. grasshoppers. fiziyolozi aemaele aezaye moxtaelefe 29. Physiology studies the various functions of the living jesme mowjadate zende ra motale'e organism. mikone. taenaeffos-o haezme qaezavaetowlide 30. Among these functions are res- piration, digestion and mesl joz'e in a'mal haestaend, reproduction.
S. I darim. 31. We have more than five senses. ma bis aez paenj hess hesse ma ebaraet-aend az bine 32. Our five senses are vision, paen hearing, taste, touch and senaeva'i, cesa'i, lamese and smell. buyali.
_ un ostad taesrih deerdanesgahe 33. He is the professor of anatomy at Pahlavi University. paehlaevi haestaend. v mikaese. The skeleton supporta the bod aakelet bare baedaen ra bedus 7 3 76
7 Persian Vocabulary and pressions for BIolo:
It consists of bones. aez ostoxan saxte sode.
In that accident her nerves deer on taesadom, aesaeb vae mahice'ye and muscles were damaged. u saedeme did.
37. The heart and liver, kidney andqaelb-o jegaer-o kolye-o me'de-o reye stomach and lung are called ra 'aezaye haekemeyebaedaen "the governing" parts of the mi'namaend. body. (/me'de/, /sekaem/, stomach.
38. His throat ws not injured. gaelus saedeme naedid.
39. Insects have no vertebral haesaerat sotune faegaerat naedaraend. column. mi-konaend 40. Microbes attack the intestinal mikroba be divareye rude.toemle walls and cause disease. vae ba'ese bimari misaend.
41. Micro-organisms are found mikroba haemeja peyda misaend. everywhere.
42. Medicine is the science of pre-tebb elme p-giri-o mo'aleje bimariye. vention and cure of disease.
43. Most people have had diphtheria,bistaere maerdom be diftir -o abele-o small pox and measles. sorxaek mobtaela';ode'aend. (fabele/ small pox)
vaksen zaede'aem. 44. I have been vaccinated against maen aeleyhe tifoid typhoId.
45. Doctors give you a prescrip:_ dokto a be oma nosxe midaend. (/nosxe/ rescription.)
46. The prescription is filled by daeva-saz nosxe ra mi-pice. the druggist.
47. He gives you pills, tablets, besoma haebb-o qors-o kaepsul ya capsules or other medicines. daevahaye dige mide.
the doctor may give you an ya mcmkene doktor be somaampul bezaene. inj ect v 49. The injection may be painfu. Ampul momkene daerd daste base.
50. Then the surgeon may advise Bae'd momkene jaerrah yek aemaele an operation jaecrahi towseye Ione. baexye 51. If bleeding occurs, he sti chesaegaer xunrizi bese, zaexm ra up the wound. mizaene.
52. Doctors sometimes send you to a e'zi owqat doktora soma ra beraye laboratory for further testing azmayeebAtaer be azmaia'sgah beferestaend. 7 4
53. There is nothing like good hea h. hic cis mesle taen-dorosti ni 7 5 PI MDR VOCABULARY AIM EXeREssions
FOR
ECONOMICS
Prepared
by
Parfborz G. Mojaver
Peace Corps Iran Pahlavi UniversityTraining Project The University of Texas Austin, TexaS Noveiitber 15, 1965 - January 29,1966
7 6 cc oUic a egtesad
2. economic principles osooleegtesadi
3. land zaemin
4. labor kar
5. entrepreneurial ability godraete saermye gozar
6. rental income deer amaed aez keraye
7. employment estexdam
8. uneniloyment bi kaxi
9. capital saermaye
10. law of increasing cost ganoon aefutheshe xaerj
U. communism komoniisti
12. socialism susialisti
13. private property, male riaexsi
14. self-interest rsefe saexsi
15. competitiOn regebt
16. specialization taexsos
17. divis±on of labor taqpime kar
18. money pool
19. household maerd (xane
20. demand xaestaen
resource maadaen
22. supply zaexirbe
23. equilibrium taeadol
24. quantity demanied jense xasteod
25. quantity supplied jense zaxire gOde
26. economic profit daer omuede eqtesadi
27. inftstry. saenaet 7 7 Peralan Vocabul and cpressions for Economics 2
30. durable good aejnase claire xoraki
31. non-durable good aejnase xoraki
32. national income deer Emasede melli
33. -per onal saving paes aendazesaexsi
34. personal consption expendituresxaerje saexsi
35. plant kar xane
36. fire moaesese
37. partnership taeavon
38. trust etminem
39. personal tax maliatelLexsi
40. personal income tax maliate deer amaede saexsi
41. sales maliate forces
42. government transfer payment komaeke dolaeti
43. inflation gerani
44. deflation aerzani
45. expanding economy egtesadi kerosd mikonaed
46. declining economy eqtesadi kezaeif misaevaed
47. rate of interest mizane baehre
48. investment saermye gozari
49. consumption xaerj
50. balanced bu boodjye hesabcode
51. face value aerzese zaheri
52. currency rayej
53. bank money poole bank
54. government bond gadrzye meli
55. commercial bazaergani
56. monetary re siasgete pooli
57. transaction edare
regabae e xales 58. pure competition 7 8 Vocabulary s ions Economics
59. pure monopoly enhesare xeles
60. elastic demand xastane moteveyer
61. inelastic dmcnd xastene sabet
62. utility vaesayel
63. independent good jense kame
64. complementary good. jense na kamel
65. economic cost xaerje eqtesadi
66. implicit cost xaerje qaire mostae
67. explicit cost x _-je mostaeqiim
68. normal profit deer amaed adii
69. short run dore kootaha
70. long r_ dore bolsend
71. fixed cost xaerje moaeyean
72. total cost xaerje kol
73. variable cost xaerayej moxt- lef
74. receipts resid.
75. natural monopoly enhesare taebii
76. price aerzes '(gyemaet)
77. good Jens
78. corporation serkaete taeavoni
79. debt qaerz
80. monopolistic competition reqabsete enhesere
81. stibstitute Jaye gerefte
82. loan vein
830 economic growth roade eatesacil
84. technology teknolozi 85. bank bank 86; public good jense omomi 87. private good jense xosoosi 86. wealth daraii 89. government expenditure xaerayejedoleeti an tme 7 9 maliat Persian Vocabulary and cpressions fo 4
The following sentences express the same ideas inEnglish and Persian tho- have not been translated word for word.
1. Human material wants are unlimited.
xasteh haye baeaer aez aejnase -ortaelef namaehdood aest.
2* The economic resources are scarce in relation to thewants.
faer avardehaye eqtesadi nesbaet be xastehaye bat'Saar aez =ha maehdood haestaend.
A pure capitalistic economy does not exist.
kaepitalisme xales vojood naedaraed.
4. Generalizations Vhich might be true far some cases may notbe valid for o hers.
aaegidehe lave koli ke momken aest deer barhe yek mozoos6dqkonaend emkan daraed deer barehe mozoohaye digaer sadeq naebashaend.
The level of macroeconomics is concerned either with economyas a whole or with basic subdivisions or aggregates, such as"government","households", and "businessll .
macroeconomics deer barhye eqtesadi koli ya deerberhye qesmaet haye mohem mesle "doleet", "taebaeqbe xanedar" vae "bazaergani"sohbaet mikonaed.
6. Microeconomics is concerned with Specific economic unitsand a detailed con- sideration of the behavior of these units.
microeconomics deer bar -e vahedhaye eqtesadd vae serhe anhasohbaet mikonaed.
7. Economics is based on facts concerning the ectivities ofindividuals and institutions in producing, exchanging, and consuming goods andservices.
eqtesad deer barhye saixteen moaveze vae maesraefe meehsoolatbe vaesileye erred vee berkaetha sohbaet mikoneed.
The rial is the unit of money in Iran.
vahede pool deer iran rial aest.
9. Iran is a capitalistic country. v
iran yek kesvaere hapitalisti aest. .
10. At any point in time a full-employmentlfull-production economy must sac fice some of product x to obtain more of product y.
haer vehede ectesadi laser qaedr haem ke vevibasaed baereye tolide ziL_ aez y haemise megdari aez x ra aez dsestxaheed dad .
Ll. Economic resources are not completely adaptable toalternati es.
maenabhe aqtesadi nemi taevanaend deer anevahedbaeraye tolide eejn moxtaelef be yekaaendazeye mofidbagaend. 8 0 Vocabui essions for Economics 5
12. Society must somehow decide what collection of goods and services will most fully satisfy its wants.
ejtema bayaed taesmim begiraed ke ce maejmoehii aez maehsoIate ecitesArli biltaer mored ehtiyaj aest.
13. There is an inverse relationship between price and'quantity, demanded.
yek nesbaete maekoos beine qaimaet yek Jens vae megdare kaste soda aez an vojood daraed.
14. Mere is a direct relationship between price and, quantity supplied.
yek nesbaete mostaegim beine qaim--te yek Jens -egdare zaexre gode aez an vojood daraed.
15. In a capitalistic society producers are seeking their own profit.
daer yek jameaye kaepitalisti tolid donaendegan faeqaet jooyaye sood baeraye kodegan haestaend.
16. Government assumes responsibility for limiting the power of monopoly.
dolaet xod ra-aesoole maehdood kaerdaene godraete enhesar midanaedo
17. The planner in which income is distributed among families affects both size and composition of output.
tareqeye taeqpim daer amaed beine mardom daer mizan vae cegoonegye maehsoolate tolid Lode dexataet clamed.
18. The personal distribution of income is a ma or determinant of how society divides ita,total money income between consump ion.and saving.
xaerayeje sexsi moaeyeneaesliye taegsime pooIe ejtema beine paes ann vas xaerj aest.
19. As income riset both consumption and saving tend to increase.
vaeqti daer amaed ziad misaevaed beer godraete xaerj vae pees aendaze maerdom aaeiode migaerdaed.
20. All three sectors of the economy--households, businesses, and gove receive and spend income.
haer se taebagehye eqtesadimaerdom kaesaebe vae tojas vae kar xanedarha vae dolaet--daer amaed kaesb kaerde xaerj mikonaend.
21. There is a significant difference between the transactions of theprivate and public sectors of the economy.
aez laehaze eqtesadi beine kar--yek moaecceceye saexsi vaskare yek moaesseseye faerqbeayar aeat.
22. GNP is defined as the total market value of el final goods and.servl.ces produced in the economy in one year. 8 I GiWndzane poolie taememe maeh000late yek Jame k eaLeast. 6 Persian Vocabulary onomic
of prices. 23. Inflation is a rising general level
Inflation yaenii geran odaene kolie aejnas.
24. Deflation is a falling general levelof prices.
Deflation yaenii payiin amaedaeneclaimaete aejnas.
receives in his check. 25. Money income is the amount of money one paY
daer amaed yaenii megdar poolike saexs baeraye karaesmigiraed.
and serricec which one canobtain with 26. Real income is the amount of goods his money inceme. hoggogaes deer amaede haecliqi megdar aejnasihaestaend keseexsmitaevanaed ba bexaeraed.
27. Inflation penalizes fixed-moneincome mikonaed. Inflation qodraet xaeride aesxasba deer amaed sabet ra maehdood jobs for all the peoplewilling and 28. Pull employment exists when there are able to work. mitaevanaend rull employment mopei vojooddaraed ke kar baeraye haeme ke vae miXhaend kar bekanaendmojood basaed.
government cute expenditures and.boosts taxes. 29. During the period of inflation kaerde beer maliat deer poqeye inflation d.olaetMdbayaest aez maexrej kaern ezafe konsed.
30 . Banks ean create and destroy money. Bankha.mitaevansand pool saxte ya xrabkonaend. by buying gove Government can increase thevolume of money in the market ment bonds. qaerze meli dolaet mitaevanaed be megdsre pooldeer bazare be vaes le xaeride ezafe konaed. volume of money in the marketby selling 32. Government can decrease the government bonds. frooxtaene doleet mitaevanaed aez mizane pooldeer jame be vaecilye ciperze nell bekabaed.
standard of living. 33. Economic growth means a higher
rosde eqtesedi yaeniibalaamaedmene seethe zendegi. ] Economic growth is a solventfor domestic problems.
rode eqtesadi yaenii haelkonaendhe maesaTele daxeli. 8 2 Persian Vocabulary_and cprecsions for Economics 7
35. Economic growth is a source of aid to underdeveloped countries.
rosde eqtesadi yeki aez taerayecie kamaek be kesvaerhaye
The real cost of producing 5 units of x is the number of units of y or z which the resources used in x could otherwise have produced.
xaerja haegigiye saxthe sodaene 5.vahed aez x te'dade vahedhai aez y ya z nest ke mitaevanestaend saxhte saevaend.
3 . A decline in price increases the real income of the consumer. This called the income effect.
paylin amaedaene gaimaete aejnas beer deer amaed haecligiye maerdom mlaefzayaed in ra income effect migoyaend.
39. A lower price increases the relative attractiveness of a product mad makes the consumer willing to buy more of it. This is known as the substitution effect.
qaimaete kaemtaer taevaejohe mostaeri ra bistaer jaelb kaerdha u ra vadar mikonaed bigtaer aez an Jens xaerid konsed in ra substitution effect migoyaend.
40. A typical consumer wants to get the most for his money.
yek xaeridare maemooli mixahaed haede aeksaere aejnase momkene ra ba pooli ke daraed bexaeraed.
41. The consumer money income is limited, because he supplies a limited amount of labor and property resources to businesses.
deer =Bede yek xaeridar maehdood aest oun u zaexire maebdood.i aez enerzi baeraye kar kaerd.aen daraed.
42. In production fixed costs are those costs which in total do not v_ changes in the output.
deer tolid xaerjhaye moaewitL1 xaer hai haestanend ke ba taeqirate tolid lode sabet mimanae.-7_
Variable costs are those costs which incre -e with the level of production.
deer tolid xaerjhaye motegaeier anhai bastaend. ke ba aefzayiese maehsoolate tolieSode ziyad mleaevaend.
44. Total cost is the sum uf fixed and v _iable costs at ea6h level of production.
kol maejmooaye xaerjbaye moaeyain vae motegaeier ae t.
45. Marginal cost is the extra or additional cost of producing one more unit of output.
marginal cost y n xaerje ezafe ke baeraye csxtaene yek vehed aez maehsool bekar miraevaed.
46. Increased specialization in tbe use of labor is feasible as a plant increases in size. aefzeWvese_kargaere motexaeses baeraye tolide konaendi PERSIAN VOCAJ1A RY AND ExpREssiONS
FOR
°ECG-RAH-Dr
Prepared by
Sohrab Varahrami
Coi ps Iran Pahlavi UniversityTrai roi act The University of Texas Austin, Texas November 15, 1965 -- January29
8 4 geography joqrafi
2. physical gnography joqrafeyaye taebi'
xorsid, aftab
4. mah, mahtab
-ere 5. earth zaemin, kore'e zaeminUkore
6. rotatIon of the earth haeraekaete vaez'iye zaemin
Il 7. revolution of the -_arth entegaliye zaernin a cor on 8. season faesl, mowsem ("monsoon" of this term.)
9. spring baehar
10. suuner tabestan
U. fall pa'
12 winter zaemestan
13. longitude tule joqrafeya'i
14-- altitude ertefa'
15. latitude aerze joqrafeya'i
16. equator xaette esteva,/ostovai
17. frigid zone maenteqc monj aenede
II 18. tniperate zone mo'taedele
19. the tropics barre
20. L:rumtain
21, hill taeppe
river rud-xame
23. tide, ebb maedd, jaezr
24. estuary maesaebb
25. lake daerya-ce
26. sea daerya 2
sea shore sahele daerya
28. gulf xaelij
ocean oiyanus
continent qarre
31. Asia aseya
Europe orupa
33. Au.tralla ostoraleya
34. Africa afriqa
35. north saemal
36. south jaenub
37. east saerq xnaesreq
38. west qaerb, maeqreb
39. North America amrikaye saemali
40. South America jaenubi
41. Central America maerkaezi
42. canal c--
43. island jaezire
44. peninsula sal:the jaezire
45. archipelago mmejmae'ul-jazayer
46. Atlantic Ocean okyanuse aetlaes
ot 47. Pacific Ocean k -bir
48. Indian Ocean hend
49. Rediterranean Se aryaye mediterame
50. Black Sea seyah
51. Red Se aehmaer
52. Arctic mnente e nj -de amai
It 53. Antarc c j nubi
54. plain daest 8 6 darre 55. valley caesme 56. spring rrigat1on 57. qanat qaaaa(Persian uergrou system.)
daeryaye xaezer 58. Caspian Sea xaelije fars 59. Persian Gulf
60. human geography jografeyaye saehr, aaehre bozorg 61. city
62. port baendaer
63. town Sae
64. village deh sakenin 65. inhabitants
66. population jaem'iyyet
67. nomad il ab-o haeva 68. climate
69. weather ha,va saerd 70. cold goerm 71. hot
72. cool xonaek 73 warm tbu' taer, rtub 74. wet xosk 75. dry msertub 76. damp bad, por bad 77. wind, tufan, tufard 78 storm baran, barami 79. rain,
baerf . O. snow taegaerg 81. hal 8 7 82. political geography joti.rafeyaye seyasi
83. border maerz, saer-hadd
84. capital paye-taext
85. position mowqe'iyyet
86. ter'itory xak 87. naeqse, xaerite
88. pole clotb
89. North Pole clotbe saemaJ.
90. South Pole qotbe jaenub
91. economic geography jografeyayeeqtesadi
92. agriculture kesav zera'ae
93 industry, industr es aen'aet,s_ na'ye
94. textiles qomas
95. silk aebrisaem
96. wool pasm
97. 1umber alvar
98. manuf saxtaen, towlid kaerdaen
99. cotton paembe
100. paper kaqaez
101. spices aedviye
.L/ 102. rug weaving qali bafi, f bafi
103. oil, petroleum naeft
104. hmulioraft saena'ye daesti
105. t:ade, co- _rce tejaraet, bazaergani
106. exports saderat
107. imports .varedat
108. railwaY rahe abaan
kaesti 109. ship 8 8 110. navigation kaesti-rani
111. navigable qabele kaseti rani
112. airline xaette havaii
113. transport_ ion haeml-o naeql
114. communication moxaberat
115 railway station istgahe rahe
116. air port ferud-gah
Geography tells us joqrafowza'-o aehvaie kore eaemin earth. taeirih mikone.
And also of the solar system. vae haem cenin raje' be maenzume gaemsi be ma ettela' mide. (/ettela' dadae to give information.)
The solar system consists of the maenzumeye saemsi taeskil sode aez sun, the planets and their moons. xoraid, saeyyarat vae aeqmare otha.
b. The earth has a rotation on it kore zaemin yek haeraekaete vaez'i beer axis and a revolution aroued the gerde mehvaere xod dare, vae yek sun. haeraekete enteqali beer dowre xorsid.
The four seasons are: spring, caebar fees' ebaraet-aend aez baehar, fall and winter. tabestan, pa'iz-o 7aemestan. (/ebaraet-aend aez, consist of.)
6. Write the latitude and the longItude aerz-o tale jogarafeya'iye in noqte ra of this point. benaevisid.
7- The earth has many zones: from the kore zaemin maenateqe moxtaelef dare: frigid zones to the tropics. aez maenateqe monjeemede ta maenateqe harre. ( msenateq/, pl. ofmaenteqe4 zone.
_iuntains and hiis are seen all deer taemame xake o tappe dide over Iran,. mine.
The river begins in the mountains rud-xane aez kuhestatsar-coesme and pours into the sea at the migire vae deer maesaebb be daerya estuary. mirize. (Ldt. The river takes its fountain-head in the mountainous region and ... .)
,1 10 The water e Lake is so salt abe in daerya-ce beqaedri sure ke hie that no flab can live in it. mahi nemitune daer on zendegi kone.
8 9 6
U. From the Oman Sea we sailed to the aez daerye omman be xaelije far Pers an Gulf and anchored at the amaedim vas deer baendaere butehr port of Bushehr. laengaer aendaxtim. (/laengaer aendaxteen/, to anchor.)
12. The five continents are: Asia, paenj garre ebaraetaend aez: aseya, EUrepe, America, Africa, and orupa, amrika, africia vae ostoraleya. Australia.
13. India is a big peninsula. hendustan yek sebhe-jaezireye bozor e.
14. The Atlantic Ocean is very stormy. okyanuse aetlaes xeyli tufaniye.
15. The Indian Ocean has many whirlpool& anuse hend daraye gerd-abahaye zeyade.
16. The Nediterranean and the Black Sea mediterane vae daeyaye seyah e are famous seas. daeryahaye maeruf haestaend.
xize. 17. The plain is very fertile. in daest xeyli hase
18. There are mauy springs in this in daerre xeyli caeme dare. valley.
19. Iranians have been using the clanat iraniha saedha verne ke aez venat-ha system for hundreds of centuries. estefadeh mikonaend.
saehraye bozorg-o banader xeyli por- 20. Cities and po ts are thickly populated. jaem'iyyet haestaend. (/banader pl. ofb ndaer/port.)
The climate of Iran is different in ab-o-haevaye iran deer manateqe different regions. moxtaelef faerq mikone.
22. The weather was g od last month. mahe gozaeste haeva xub bud. zaemestanha galebaen saerd-o baraniyye. 23. Winters are usually cold and rainy. NJ -o xoske- 24. Summers are hot and dry. tabestanha gee
25. Bow is the weather in Bander Abbess? haevaye baeadaere aebbas ce _owre? " ses mahes 26. It is slimmer Six months, and hot ses mahes tabestane, v the other-six months! haeva gaerme! abestan b-o 27. Washington Is damp and hot in vasaengton daer unmer. gaerme.
N./ seerde. S. Chicago is windy and cold in win sikago deer zaemestan por-bad
Snow falls all winter in Mai deer meyn taemem taemestan baerf mi-bare colloq baerf mi-a1(1/.)
9 0 7
mil maerze Iran has over 1,500 miles of common iren bis aez hezaro ponsaed border with Soviet Russia. moStaerek ba ruseye gurnevi dare. did he on Look at the map; you viii see where be naeqse negah honid; xahid the town is. ehr kojast. in taeraefe rud-xane xake ire; on 32- This side of the river is Iranian territory; the other side is taeraefe xake eraqe. Iraqi territory.
ab. in rud-xane saett-ol-aeraebe. 33. The river is the Shatt- zir-daerya'iye amrika aez zire gotbe 34. The American Atomic submarine has sailed under the North Pole. saemal gozaeste.
We are now studying economic hale ma joqrafeyaye eqtessdi mixanim. geography. - aebrisaem aez cin amede; vae haem- 36 Silk came from n BO did paper. cenin kaqaez. OR: kaqaez haem aez cin amede.
has many text±le factories. esfaehan daraye besyari karxarteh bafaendigiyye.
calus daraye karxanehayemotaetaeddede 38. Obelus has numerous silk factories. aebrisaem-bafiyye.
gorRn maezae pambe'e zeyad dare 39. Goragan has many cotton f deer xuzestan naeft darim-o xorma. 40. In Khuzistan we have oiland dates. mazaendaeran aez lehaze aiv ohraet 41. Mazandaran is famous for lumber. dare.
xeyli b e-o jaengael dare. 42. It has many forests andungles aedviye ra aez hend-o saengapur-o 43. Spices are brought to _ran from India, Singapore and Zanzibar. zaengbar be iran mi-araend.
naefte iran taegribaen be haems'ye 44. Iranian oil is exported to nearly all the countries of the world. kesvaer-haye jaehan seder mdse.
amrika cashve ra aez ber kolombeya 45. America imports coffee from Brazil and Columbia. vared mikone malot-tejare ra ba rahe ahaen-o 46. Goods are carried by railwaY, trucks and airplanes. kameyun-o haeva-peyma haema niikonaend. haemlb-naeql-o moxaberat ruz be ruz 47. Transportation and communication are expanding daily. towse'ae peyda mikone. rude karun taenha rud-xaneye qabele . The Karun River is the only kaesti-raniye irane. navigable river of Iran. 9 1 8
49. The Trans-iranian Railway was built rahe ahaene saer-ta-saeriye iran ra on revenue from foreign trade... aet 'aevayede tejaraete xareji which was under government saxtaend ke deer enhesare dowlaet monopoly. bud.
50. We traveled by train from Zahedan ma aez zahedan ta pisavar ba oetar to Peshawar. (ba aeraen ) raeftim.
51. And we went to Shiraz by air. vae ba haeva-peyma be sixaz raeftim.
92 TCHIICAL TERWINOLOGY
hokumaetdowlaet government mellaet maerdom nation, people maemlekaet, Resvaer country qanune aesasi constitution jomhuri republic ./ saeltaenaete maesrute constitutional monarchy demokrasi, holcumae emaerdom democracy beer maerdom. despotism dtktatori, diktator diktatu dictatorship, dictator komunima, esterski commlnism soseyalism iety, ejtem_ ialism xod moxtari, xcdmoxtar autonomy, autonomo s baerabaeri, taesaviyehogug equality esteglal independence azadi liberty haegge hakemiyyaet sovereignty enfekake gova, taefkike gova separation of powers govve mojriy7e executive power govve mcqaenmene legislative power qovve geeza'iyyeh judiciary power maddeye eslehi(5th Amen ent, amendment maddeyepaenjome/esleh± . ealehe ganune aesasi amendment to the con ution maejlese o'aessesan ejles constituent assembly maejles, parleman parliament end- maejlese naemayaendeg_ or: no house of representatives u.s.) egen
maejlese suralye melli Naonal Consultat sembly (Iran (lower house) sena, maejlese sena senate hezbe seyasi political party seyasaete hezbi party policy rae'ise maejles speaker of the house rae'ise sena president of the senate naemayaendeye kongoreyeemrika (U.S.) congressman or: naemayaendeye pari=ane emrika
ozve maejles member of the house ozve sena member of senate howzeye entexabiyye constituency, electoraldistrict entaxabat elections entaxabate melli(maehaelli, local) national elections aenjomaene entexabat electoral college raey' aebdaxteen vote, Wing raey', raey'dadaen, saenducle entaxabat the poll, place whe evotes are cast entexab sodaen to be elected entexab naesodaen to be defeated elections e'tebar name credentials komite'ye parlamani parliamentary committee su-Homiteye parlemam o_ kOmiteye parliamentary subcommittee faer'i)
komiseyune parlemati parliamentary commission en'eqe...e jaelse, jaelsedae.taen to hold a session layehe, layehe'e dowlaet bill, government bill pisnehade layehe introducing a bill motakere vae sowr debate and consultation reference to couttee erja'e be komite committee report gozarese komite
Ni supporting the bill postibani aez layehe opposing the bill moxalefaete ba layehe passage of the bill taesvibe layehe
ection of the bill raedde layehe
ganun article of law maddeye q- legal ganuni enforcing the law aye clan
referandom, erjate be -raye omuxrd referendum progrszn of the government baernameye dowlaet nuclear weapons taeslihate atomi disarmament xael'e selah sovereign, king) the e' ah padesah, maegame saeltaenet president rae'ise jomhur vice-president nayeb rae'se Jo mo'avene rae'ise Jemhur prime minister, premier, chancellor naexost vaezir, saedre ae'zaem deputy premier mo'avene naexost vaezir minister (cabinet meMber) vaezir, ozve kabine council of minioters, cabinet hey'aete vozaera
department vezaraet, edare
Ministry of justice vaezire dad=go taeri %/ the interior kesvaer foreign affairs xareje education amuzes vae paervaeres - 4
d culture honaer vae faerhaeng
health behdari
economy and industry eqtesad vae saenaye'
commerce bazaergani
development and housing abadani vae maeskaen
water and electricity ab vae baerq
agriculture kesavaerzi
defense, war dela', jaeng
post and tele ph post vae telegraf
finance dara'i
roads and communication rah
information and radio ettela'at vae radeyo plan pelan, tar'h, nave' Department) Plan Organiz- ion Sazmane Baername (Iranian department chief raetise edare, raetise qesmaet governdr faermandar governor-general ostandar (ostan, provi gendarmerie zandarmaeri police departme saehr-bani, edareye saehr-hani army aertes
_ vy niruye daeryati air force niruye haevaii rule of the law hokumate-ganun law qanun penal law (penal code) qanune jaeza commerce law qanune tejaraet(o_ bazaergahi)
9 6 -5- civil law hoquqe maedaeni court nnehicaeme, divan court of appeal divane estinef supreme court divane a'liye kesvaer legal procedure a'ine dadraesi judge qazi, dad-raes (dad, justice prosecutor dad-setan witness govah gaevah) to testifY govahi dadaen indicment elame jorm trial mohakeeme jurl hey'aete moefe trial by jury mohakeme ba hey'aete monsefe court decree qaerare maehkaeme court sentence hokme maehkaeme conviction iumlyyet acquittal taebre'e imprisonment haebs, mendani prison maehbaes, zendan sentence of death hokme Odom to hang dar zaedaen pardon, amnesty aefv, aefve omumi arrest towqif, bazdast defense cQuxsel vaekile modafe' (defa', defense. evidence maedraek
9 7 6 diplomatic affairs omure seyasi treaty mo'shede, peyman ratification of treaty teesvibe (o_ tatyi_- ) moaede
-ement qaerar-dad execution of treaty ejraye peyman violation of treaty nave peyman aggression, occupation taejavoz, esgal defense defa'
United Nations Organization sazmane melaele mottaebed
Security CouncIl suraye aemniyyaet
Secretary-General of the U.N. dabire-kolle sazmane melaele mottaehed
U.N. General Assembly maejmae'e omumiye sazmane melaele mottaehed
ague of Rations maejamae'e melael
Wilson's 14 Points cardeh maddaeyye vilson ambassador saefir, saefire kaebir minister plenipotentiary vaezir moxtar consul, consulate konsul, konsul-gaeri legation sefaraet embassy sefaraete koll citizenship tabeli citizen, subj c US citizen taebve aebelye emrika.) war, battle jaeng, naebaerd peace solh international relations raevabete beynol melaeli political science olume seyasi 7 treaty of fr±endship pemane dusti movaerrex, tarix nae historian history tarix ancient history tarixe bastan medieval history tarixe qorune vosta middle ages qprune vosta ronesans; taejdide haeyateelm-o aedaeb the Renaissance modern history tarixe aesre jaedid
Industrial Revolution engelabe saentaeti contemporary history t rixe moTaser revolution engelab
revolutIonary conittee komiteye enqelab
dynasty selsele
founder of &ynasty saer selsele
archy saeltaenaetaah
heir to the throne vaeli-laehd (haejaer, stone Stone aesre haejaer
Space aesre faeza naevaerdi
Atom Age aesre atom
international beynol melaell
bilateral do-janebe (or: do-gene) caend-gane) multi-lateral caend-janebe (or:
internal question, external question maestaele daxelil maes'aele xareji dexalaete xareji) external Interference modaxele xareji (or: (-e mottaehed: complaint to the T.J.N., sekayaete be samane melael
9 9 remocracy is the government of the demokrasi yae'ni hokumate maerdom people for the people by the beer maerdom vae be naef'e people. taerdom.
anian Government concluded an dowlaete Iran qaerar-dadi ra ba agreement with Pakistan. pakestan monaeqed kaerd r: emza kaerd). emza kaerdaen to sign
hezaro The Iranian constitution was approv- anune eesasiyiran deer sale ed by Nozaffar-ud-din Shah in noh-saedo ses aez taeraefe 1906 mozaefferuddin shah taesvib sod. (/aez taeraefeby)
The United States is a republic. emrika daraye hokumate jomhuriyye
iran daraye maesrutae'ye saeltaenaetiyye Iran has a constitutional monarchy - (/mseerute saeltaenaetij Const. monarchy)
Very soon the Communists seized bezudi komunista qova ra deer daest power and a dictatorship replac- gerefteend vae diktatori jaye ed the democratic for of hokumate demokrasi ra gereft. government.
Some people do not understand the bee'ziha faerqe meyane soseyalism vae difference between socialism komunism ra he-midanaend. and communism.
The various states are autonomous. eyalate moxtaelef daray xod moxtari haestaend.
The motto of the French ReVolution se'are engelabe faeranse azadi, was liberty, equality and baerabaeri vae baeradaeri bud. fraternity.
Under these circumstances, Iran had deer taehte in saerayet, iran maejbur to re-emphasize its sovereignty. bud ke mojaeddadaen bear haqqe hokumate xod taekid kone. (!haeqqe hodumaete melli ational sovereignty)
There is separation of powers i: the ae le taefkike lova deer ganuneaesasi Constitution. gonjanide sode. (/gonjanidaenf to incorporate into)
The executive power rests with the government.
The legislative power rests with qovve moTannene be parlemantae parliament. sode.
100 The judiciary power is charged with qaezaliyye maslule baer-qaerariye the maintenance of justice aedalate. ( aedalaetjustice)
The U.S. Constitution has 23 amend- hale qanune aesasiye emrika bisto se ments now. maddeye eslehi dare.
The Constituent Assembly was held maejlese mo'aessesan daer sale hezaro in 1925. ,noh saedo bisto paenj noon'aeqed Sod.
The British Parliament is called the parlemane englis: ra madaere parlemanha "Mother of Parliaments." namidelaend.
Members of the U.S. House of Repre- laezaye maejlese naemayaendegane emrika sentatives are elected for a ra baeraye yek dowreye do sale term of two years. entexab mi konaend.
The Senate was not in session today. maejlese sena jaelse naedast.
There are many political parties in deer emrika aehzabe seyasiye zeyad U.S. haestaend.
The policy of the Mellat Party is raevese heale mellaet xeyli'aebihe very much like the policy of the be raevele hezbe dige. other party. (/raeves/, /seyasaet/, policy)
The President of the Senate intro- rae ise sena.'aelzaye kongoreye emrika duced the U.S. Congressmeu ra be danes-juyan mo'serrefi to the students kaerdaend.
Members of the House and of the ree'zaye maejles vae "skerzaye sena senate,iattended the ceremony. deer on maerasem serkaet kaerdaend.
He toured his electoral district do bar deer howze'ye entexabatiyes twice. mosaferaet kaerd.
Election- will be held next year. sale dige entexabat xehim dast. w The electoral college has been aeniomsene extexabat taeskil code. formed.
ed in the last electio maen daer entexabate gozaeste rae y dadaem.
The votes were cast and counted and ara aendaxte sod-o somorde sod.-o -_er as a result, rir. Thomas was naetije aqaye tomes entexab Iod. elected.
His pOlitical rival was defeated a- raeqibe seyas yes daer en exabat the polls. lekaest xord. 101 - 10 -
credentials were sent to the tebar-ne'aes ra be komi eye parliamentary committee. parlament ferastaend.
_ ke The Senate held a session in which mae lese sena jaelsei taeskil dad the government submitted deer on dowlaet se layehe teecidim three bills. kaerd.
The Senate entered debate and then sena varede mozakere sod-oleevayeh the bills were sent to the ra baerayeSowTe biwataer be relevant committees for komitaehaye maerbut ferestadaend. further consultation. laevayeh/, bills; /naerbut/ relevant, resmective
Tho committee supported the bill and komite eez leyehe postibani kaerd vac the passage of the bill seemed taesvibe layeheimetmi be naezaer certain. miraesid.
Those who had opposed the bill now onha'ike ba layehe moxalefeet.ikaerde called for total rejection. budaend, hale taegaza dasteend ke layehe be kolli raeddbesge.
But the bill was passed and became layehe taesvib sod vae be saekle ganun law. deer emaed.
It was now legal to elect women hala ganunaen misod ke xanomha ra be'- the parliament ozviyyete parleman entexab kaerd.
In the Security Council, Pakistan deer suraye amniyyaet, pakestan again asked for a referendum in taegaza kaerkke deerkeeImir Kashmir. referendom bese.
v _ The disarmament conmi-_ on called for komiseune xaelve selah pisnehad kaerd the destruction of all nuclear ke haemeye,taeslinate atomi weapons. maeldum bebe.
N, Iran has a sovereign) and the U.S. iran daraye sahe vae a raetise has a president. jomhur dare.
The lace-President and the Premier molevene rae'ise jothhur vae naexost had a long discussion. vaezir yek mozakereye tulani debtaend.
The deputy premier attends the et- molavene neexost vaezir er jaelsate ings of the cabinet. kabine hazer miXe. jaelsat meeti2aRs.
The Director-General of the Plan e kolle sezmate baername daer Organization took part in the jaelseye hey'aete vOteera.gerkaet meeting of the Council of kaerd. Ministers. 102 .1 He submitted his report. gozarese xode taeqdim kaerd.
The Governor-General gave us a party. ostand_- be ma mehmuni dadaend.
The gendarmerie, the police and the tendarmeri vae saehrbemi vae aertes army are all parts of the haeme joz'e nirUhaye aemni et- security forces. aend.
The Navy and the Air Forceook part niruye daeryali vae niruye haeva'i in the exercises. deer manovr Serkaet kaerdaend.
Justice is possible only through the Taedalaet faeqaet daer hokumate qanun rule of the law. emkan dare.
A ewe is first referred to lower yek qaeziyye aevvael bewmaehkemeye court. pa'intaer erja' Mise.
Then the defense counsel appeals the bee'd vaekile modafel estinaf mide. sentence of the court. (/maehkeme estinaf court of appeal.)
The supreme court confirmed the divane atliye kesvaer ruling. ra tatyid kaerd.
The indictment was read and witnesses elame jorm xonde sod vae govaha ra were called to, testify. xastaend ke govehi bedehaend.
There was no trial by jury. mohakeme be vaesileye hey'aete monsefe naebud.
A panel of judges presided over the hey'aete qozat reyasaete maebkeme ra court. be'ohde dataend.
The accused persons were all acquit- ehemin ra haeme be 'ellaete ted for lack of sufficient aedaeme daelile kafi taebrele evidence. kaerdaend.
The sentence of death was not passed. hokme &dam -ader naesod.
_ _ Those arrested were now all released hale onha'ike towqif sode budaend0 be because of the general amnesty. lellaete 02_,ame laefVe omuml, haeme azad sodaend.
The foreign ministry deals wl h vezaraete xareje bet omure diplomatik diplomatic affairs. saer-o kar dare. Usaer-0 kar da*staen to be concerned with)
In the U.S. formrof government, the deter nowte hokumate emrika, sekreteri Secretary of State is the of esteyt, vaezire xareje aest. foreign minister.
103 A treaty was signed and ratified. MO edeyi emza vne tatyid od.
The new government violated the treaty hokumaete jaedid peyman ra naeqz -d and committed an act of aggres- vae /aeleyhe haern5ayeh, daes_ sion against its neighbor. be taejavoz zaed. v The country defended itself and re- on kesvaer aez xod deaf kaerd vae ferred the case to the Security qaeziyye ra be 'iuraye aemmiyyaete Council of the United Nations. sazmane melaele mottaehed roju/ kaerd. (/roju/ kaerd or /roju' naemud/) referred.)
The ambassador reported to the Sec- saefire Raebir be ,daebire kolle aaae retary-General of the U.N. melael gozares dad.
The consul was at the consulate and agaye konsol deer konsolgaeri budaend extended the visa of the U.S. vae vizaye aetbee ervika ra citizens. taemdid kaerdaend. (/aetba//, citizens.)
There was war in Korea and the U.N. daer kore jaeng deer gereft vae eazmane sent a special force there. melael qovaye maexsusi ra be ortja ferestad.
Peace replaced war in 1954. daer sale hezaro noh saedo paenjaho car soil jaye jaeng ra gereft.
Political science is also taught deer onja olume seyasi haem deers there. midaend.
Treaties of friendship were concluded peymanhaye dusti mon'aeqed vae and international relations im- Faevabete beynol-melaeli behtaer proved. sod.
HIstorIans were not sure as to how movaerrexinpdorost nemidanaend ke cetowr the war started. jaeng sorul od. (/movaerrexin historians.)
History spoaks of the Middle Ages as a tarix, 4:prune vosta ra be /onvane period of ignorance and reli- dowreye jaehalaet vae talaessobe gious fanaticism. maeZhaebi yad mikone.
The Renaissance affected all netons ronesans beer haemeye melaelejehan -- of the world. aesaer dat.
7he Industrial Revolution had engelabe saenlaeti jambehaye moctaelcf phases. darit.
The revolutionary c t- e elected kcudte engelab ura be lonvame rae/ise hi:L president. jombur entexab kaerd. 104 -13-
Reza Shah is the founder of the reza sah mo'aessese selseleye Pahlavi Dynasty. paehlaevi haestaend.
The heir to the throne Is now five vaeli-laehd hale paenj sal daraend. years old.
Atcording to a proclamation by the beer tebqe -'elame vezaraete daerbare Ministry of the Royal Court, His sahen-sahi, lonvae raesmiye laela Majesty is now officially ad- haezraete hala 6ahan-gah dressed as "Shahan-Shah Arya arya mehr-aest. Nahr."
Her Majesty the Empress is addressed loiya haezraete maeleRe ra saeh-banu as "Shah-Banu." xetab mlkonaend.
At an international conference, the on peymane..maend-jandhe daer yek multi-lateral treaty was discussed. kcnferetse beynol-melaeli mowrede mozakere qaerar gereft
India stated that the Kashmir hindustan lelam kaerd Re maes'aele question was an internal question. kad'Smir yek maes'aeleye daxeliye.
All nations condemn outside inter- ha meye melael dexalaete xareji ra ference so long as they are not taeqbih mikonanedwalbaette part of it. madamike xodian modaxele nedaraend.
PakistanTo complaint to the United sekayaete pakestan be sazmane melaele Nations led to other reactions. motaehhed monjaerre be,aesksol- aemaeIhaye Alger haam 'Sod.
The dispute was ultimately resolved saer aenjam extelaf aez rake mozakere through negotiation. hae22 god.
The Secre -General received the bepase xedaemate xod, daebire kolle Nobel Peace Prize for his sazman, jayezeye solhe ndbel services. gereft.
105 PKILD T V WRY AND EXPRESSIONS
FOR
MATEMATICS
Prepared by
Kboarow Tadayyort
PEeE CURPSMAN PARLAY' UNIVFRSITY TRAINING PROJECT The University or Texas Austin, Texas -15 1965 - January 291966
106 mathematics t
2. arithmetic besab
3. nuMber aedaed
4. digi raeqactr.
5. even number aedsede sowj
6. odd number aedaade faerd
T. integer aedaede caehih
units yekgan
9. tens deehgaz
10. hundreds
11. thousands hezargan
12. equal mOsavi
13. addition
14. sum ma mu'
15. plus be aelave
16. substracti teeftiq
minus mobile
18.- remainder baqimande
19. multiplication saerb
20. product hasele saerb
21. division taeqsim
22. quotient xarej qesitast
23. dividend maeqsum
24. devisor maqsum aeleyh
25. ratio nesbaet
107 26. proportion taenasob
27.stremes caeraefeyn
28. means vaesaeteyn
29. reduce sadeh kaerdaen
30. eqi.tva1ent fractiona kaesrhaye mosavi
31. fraction kaesr (pl. /ko: , fract
32. fraction kae- e motaelare
33. decimal fraction kaesre aeari
34. numerator et
35. damo _tor maexrae
36. mixed numb aedaede Mewl
37 . geometry hendese
38. planP geometry hendeseye mos
39. point nogte
40. line xaet
41. line segment qaetwe
42. straight line xaette rest
113. nhaeni
44. surface saeth
45. plane saefhe
46. angle zaveye
470 right angle zaveye galemeh
48. acute pingle zaveye haddeh
49. obtuse angle zaveye Monfaerejeh
50. straight englP zaveye nim-saefhe
51. soNplemen motaemmem
1 0 52. supplementswy mokaammel
Y3 adjacent mojaver
54. alternate motadhadel
55. exterior xareji
56. interior daxeli
57. parallel movazi
58. intersection, motaeqate
39. bisector ninsaz
60. perpendicular
610 perpendicular b :ector aerrude monaessef
62. focus of Points mekane hendesi
63. xaet kaes
64. compass paergar
65. protractor nae.qqale
66. geometric figure sekle hendasi
67. geometric theorem qaeziyye hendeei
68. rect taetil
69. square r:Iraebbae'
70. quadrilateral aehar zel'i
71. pentagon paen,j zel'i
N., 72. hexagon ses zelli
73. octagon haest zel'i
74. polygon caend zelli zaarpolyg caend wit
It 76. side
77. triangle moaae_
109 - 4 -
78. equilateral trlangle mosaellnese motaaaveio1 aeziaT
79. equiangular triangle mosnellnese itaaaveyol aezlat
80. right-angled triangle mosaellaese qa emoz-zaveye
81, isosceles trimgle mo_-ellaese motaesaveyos-savyn
82, circle
83. semicircle
84. quadrant rate dayere
85. tbiambuB local
86 trapezoid zuzaeneqe
87. parabola saehmi
88. hyperbole hoziuli
89, elli beyzi
90. solid geometry hendeseye faeza i
91, intersecting :Ones xotute motaeqate
92, skew lne xotute moteensfer
93. foot of a line aesaere xact
94, line of intersection xaete feesle mosteerek
95. dihedral &ngle zaveye do vnejhi (ftorje/)
980 trilledral konje se vaejhi
97. tetrahedral angle konje cahar veejhi
98. pe tehedral angle konje paenj .1131
99 plane angle zaveye mosaettaehe
100. projeetton taeovir
101. ecmIn er]endicular aemude mostaerek
102. symme ric motageren
103. symmetry taeqaron
110 104. ce kore
1050 cylinder ostovene
106. algebra jaebr (fjaebr-o moqabelen
10T. co-ordina_es moxtaessat
108 7ymptote __jamb 490 axis nehvaer
110. ordinate of a point aerze no
111. abscissa of a point tube noqte
112. area dhaet
113. graph-_ zonheeti
114. slope zaeribe zaveye
115. equation noladele
1/60 vanish, sefr iodaen
117. root
118. coefficient zuerib
119. solution heefl
120. to solve baell kserdaen
121. quadratic equation mo'adele daeraaje dovvom
122. sum of roots maejmu'e rise-ha
123, product of roots hasele teerte rise-ha
124. discrimixant Mobaeyyen
125. absolute term jn1e sabet
126. al roots ehaye haeqiqi
127. distinct roots ricehure notaamaye riehye moAxImi 1280 inmainary roots
229. rational number aedaede guya ill 130. irrational nuMber aednede gong aemm )
-iprocal maetkus'
132. reciprocal equation adele umetkus
etbic equation motadele daer:_rje sevomm
biqpadratic equation motadele do maejwuri
135. differentiation mostaeq girl
136. differential moitaeq
137. integral aentegral (it I- aelmalliyen
138. to integrate aentegral gereftaen
139. trigonometry mosaellaesat
140. sine sinoe
141. cosine kosinos
142. tangent tanzant
143. tan 3x tanzante se
112 Mh-hemitics has been cAllAd the reyazl ra maelekeye clum n e 'aend. queen of sciences.
2. Fifteen is an odd_number. ponmde aedaede faerde.
Se equals eleven. haeft beaelave caehar yazde.
4. Fourteen minus-two is twel carde mentaye do mosaviye ba daeves
5. Seven multiplied by eight is been zaerbe deer, haest mosa ba fifty-six, paenjaho ied.
6. Tventy-eight divided by se -n bisto haeyst taeqsime baer li is four. ba caehar.
7. This is a direct p_ in taenasobe mostaegime.
8. Reduce this fraction. in kaesr ra _adeh konid.
9- The numerator of this fractton suraete in kaesr kucektare eez is mmaller than the demonimator. maexraeje on.
100 Let 0 be a point on the line A. noqteye 0 ruye xaette AB (a-be) maefruze.
11. Plot this fUnction. monhaeniye tabe ra raasm konid,
12. The mlgles of a tri maejmure zaevayaye beer nEeae3iaee to 180 degrees. sae& haelltad daeraeje sect. v_ pl. of zaveye/0
ed t mosaellaese qa'amoz-_ taerif konid.
14. The exterior angle of a triang1 zaveye xarejiye haer mos-JblesmotaNue is equal to the sum of the ba maejmule zaevayaye motaebadele (interior) alternat6 trisrePs. dexeli.
The bisector of an isosceles nimsaze mosaellaese motaesaveyo triangle on the opposite side. aeaud aest baer sere ruberu.
16. The four sides of a square are zel'e moraebbe bs haem mosaviyaend.
170 Solve this problem first. -vvael in maeslaele ra baeU konld.
18. A circle i_ a locue of points dayere meekame bendeslyye noqatist ke the distance'of which fram the fasele-iun aes maerkaez meqdarist center is constant. seibet.
113 e beyzi 19, What is the formula for fineing formule the area of an ellipse?
tuesvire xaett baer saefhe 20. The projection of a line on a xaetti plane is a straight rast. haejme kore ra cetowr be -estmi-arim? 210 Row do we obtain the volume of a sphere? Irif konid. 22. Define a cylinder. o_ o
darim, 23.'We are having algebra this hour. araet jae moxtaessate noqte A ci-ye? 24. What are the properties of point Al
25. Draw a perpendicular to the X xaetti baer-mehvaere ike-ha aemud suds .
26. The slope of this line is ga- zaeribe zaveye in xaett maenfiye. ti-
So:Lve the followingquadratic adele daereje uation. konid. haelle mo 'adele daereje sem= 28. Find the solutIon ofthia cubIc equation. ra bedaest beyarid
we in moladele 29. The sum of the roots of this neejmu/e rise- equation is greater than 'hot= a z hasele taerb onheeti their -roduct.
30. The discriminant of tha bi- nobaeyyen on.mot ele quadratic equation vanishes. sefr raise.
31. This 'n irrational nuMber. in aedaed gong (aesaemmae
32. DifflItiute this fUrction, aez tabele zir mostaeq begirid.
mostaeqqe sevvom on sefr mdse. 33. Its third differential vanishes.-- 34. How is this nuMber read in in aedaed ra be farsi cetowr mixanae Persian?
bisto paenj momaeyyez se, se, ether. 35. Twenty-five point three, three, four. (25,334 or: bisto paenj asdaede saehiho sisaedo si-o cahar hezarom.
114 PERSIAN VOCABLILARy SIONS
FOR
PifYSICS AND.CUMMSTRY
Prepared
Rostam Kavousi
Peace Corps Iran Pahlavi Universi y Training Project The University of Texas Austin, Texas November 15, 1965 -- January 29 1966
115 1. PHYSICS
1. physics fizik
sowt 2. sound
3. wave mowj
L. vib--tion erte'as, naevaesan
height ertefa'
electricity baerq
meqpatis 7,, magnetism
resistance movvemaet
3. power taevan
10. current jaeraeyan jaeraeyane motaenaveb 11. alternate current mostaegim 12. direct current
13. light nur
14. reflection en'ekas taejzeye 15. refraction enkesar
16. mi= a-ine
17. lens 'aedaesi
16. atom atom
19. electron elektron
ploroton 20. proton
21. neutron ne'otron ae'sse'e iks 22. X-ray
23 mechaplcs mikanik
24. force niru
25. motion haeraakeet
26. unit wilted 116 2
27, work
28. energy enerzi
29. friction estekak.
30. dimension bo'd
31. linear xaetti, tuli
32. area maesdhaet
33. volume haejm
34. mass jerm
35. reSt sokun
36. velocity sor'aet
37. acceleration setab
38. time zaeman
33. action noel
40. reaction 'aeksol-'aemael
41. equal mosavi
42. vector border, xaette hamel
43. weight vaezn
44. heat haeraraet
45. thermo-ter mizanol-haer_ e
46. expansion enbesat
47. specific heat haerarae US
48. combustion ehteraq
49. fusion zowb
50. vaporization boxer Bodeen
51. freezing yaex zaedaen
52 radiation tabes
53 humidity rotubse , va
54. earn boxare ab
55. refrigerator yaexrcal 117 //
3 The velocity of sound is about sor'aete sowt daer hodude hezaro 1100 feet per second. saed fut daer saneye'aest.
2. Short wave can be transmitted to mowje kutah ra mise be jahaye dux far-off places moxabere kaetd.
Sound is produced by the vibra on aez erte'ase sim sb (seda) be of a string. vojud mi'ad.
_ 4. Mpst cities use ernate current. bistaere saehr-ha aez jaeraeyane motaenaveb estefade mikonaend.
5.Atomic reac ors are now pr UC g hala kure-haye atomi baerq towlid power. mikonaend.
6. The second chapter of this physics faesle dovvome in ketabe fizik deer book is about magnetism. bareye maqnatise.
7. The mirror reflects light and the a'ine nur ra on'aekes mikone vae lens refracts it. aedaesi nur ra monkeeser mikone.
8. The concave mit or has a true s'ineye moqae 'aerr kanune haeqiqi real) focus. dare.
8. Atoms are made up of protons) atom acz poroton vae ne'otron vae neutrons and electrons. elektron saxte Bode.
10. X-ray has proved to be of great aesse'e iks daer tebb fayedeye zeyad benefit to medicine. dadte.
11. Mechanics is a study of energy elme mikanik aez enetzi vae hsetaekaet motion and force. vae niru sohbaet mikone.
12. The Joule is the unit of work. vahede kar st.
13. Friction w stes work. estekak mowjebe etlafe kar mise.
14. Linear motion can be easily studied hae aekaete xaetti ramole be asani in a tvo-dimentional plane. daer faezaye do bo'di motale'e kaerd.
To obtain the volume of rectangui beraye bedaest aVordaene haejme cube, multiply the area by the mokae'aebbe mostatil, maesahaet ra height. daer ertefa' zaerb konid.
16. According to Newton's law, force is be mowjebe qanune neyuton niru the product of mass into velocity. mosaviye ba basele zaerbe jerm vae sor'aet.
17. And according to Einstein, energy vae beer tebqp qanane eymsteyn, nirU is equal to mass multiplied by mosaviye ba hasele zaerbe jerm vae the square of the velocity of maejzure sor'aete seyre nar. light: E = mc2 its 4
e mi deer sefre. 18. The velocity of abody at rest is zero.
19. Velocity is equal to theproduct of sor'aet mosaviye ba hasele zaerbe acceleration into time. setab vae zaeman.
- haer 20. According to Newton's thirdlaw of be mowjebe qanune sevvom neyuton motion, every action has an aemaeli daraye yaek aeksol-aemaele equal and opposite reaction. mosavi vae moxalefe. rdar 21. The direction of speed canbe- jaehaete sor'aet ra mice ba b shown by the vector. nesan dad. lef 22. The weight of a body differsat vaezn aeisam deerertefa'ate different heights (altitudes faerq mikone.
23. We determine the degree ofheat by ba mizanol-haerare daeraeje'e the thermometer. haerarat ra bedaest mice. 24. Heat makes bodies expand. haeraraet mowjebe enbesate ae
25. Heat is produced by the combuston deer aesaere ehteraqe naeft, of petroleUra. haeraraet bedaest mi'ad.
26. Water boils at 212 degrees F. and ab deer devisto daevazde daeraeje do freezes at 32 degrees P. fahrenheyt mijuGe, vae deer siyo daeraeje yaex mi-baende.
tabe'4 27. A great amount of water is vaporized meqdare zeyadi ab daer aesaere mige. by solar radiation. aftab taebdile be boxer
28. At Austin, humfdity is usually more deer saehre astin qalebaen rotubaete saede. than sixty per ce t. haeva bigtaer aez saest daer
119 2. CHTMISTRY
1. chemistry simi ./ 2. chemical simeys'
simi (pyre ali 3. inorganic chemistry
4. organic chemistry slmi all
5. bio-chemistry simi fizeyolozik
tel felezz
non-metal cieyre flezz
base baz, galya'i
acid acid, tiz-abi elements. 10. element onsor (pl. faenaserf,
11. compound taerkib
12. property xaseyaet
13. table jaedvael
14. periodic motaenaveb
15. valance valans, zaerfiyyset
16. sulfuric acid a id solfurik(jowhaere gugerd) (jowhaere n 17. hydrochloric acid acid Rloridrik
18. nitric acid asid nitrik
lg. solution maehlul
20. solvent haellal
21. alloy alyaz
22. ion yon
23. ionization yonizaseyon
24. pure xales
25. impure geyre xales
26. circuit maedar
10 6
27. current jaeraeyan elektroliz, taejziye elektriki 28. electrolysis
29. charge
30. positive charge be mosbaet
31. negative charge nfi
32. anode qotbe mosbaet
33. cathode maenfi
34. decomposition taejzeye
35. neutral xonsa
36. corrosion z _ng-zaedaen
37. furnace kure
volatile faerrsx
39. oxidation Oksidaserm
40. reduction ehya
41. volume haejm NY 42. pressure fesar
43 heat haeraet
44. liquid maye
45. solid jamed
46. gas boxer, gaz
47. state halaet
48. equilibrium tae' adol
49. melting point noqte zowb
50. boiling point noqte juL
51. crystal bolur
52. analysis taejzeye
53. synthesis taerkib
121 v 54. hydrogen hidrozen _v 55. oxygen oksizen
compressible qabele tae-
56. atom atom
57. molecule molikul
58. nitrogen nitrozen
Chemistry deals with the composition, simi aez taerkib-o saxteman-o structure and properties of xaevase madde sohbaet mikone. matter xaeva is the pl.-ofxaseyyaet/, property.)
./ 2. The chemical properties ofthese xaevase simiya'iye in aejsam substances are important. mohemme.
Show me tl-e place of sodium in maehaelle sodenm ra deer jaedvael the pericaic table motaenaveb nesan bedid.
The elements of the first column of aenasere sotune aewaelejaedvaele the periodic table have a valancy motaenaveb haeme darayezaerfiyyaete of one. yek haestaend.
Sulfuric acid is the most Important asid solfurik mohem-taerin aside industrial acid. saen'aetiye.
In a salt solution, water is the deer maehlule naemaek, ab haellale. solvent.- taeqribaen haeme ciz ta haeddi daer 7. Nearly everything dissolves in water to some extent. ab haell Else.
B. In the ionization of the table salt daer yonizaseyune naemaeke tae'am, mire the sodium ions go to the Cathode yone sodeyom be qotbe maenfi and the chlorine ions to the anode. vae yone kler be gotbe mosbetmire.
N0 pure aluminum is found innature; aluminume xales daer taebi'aet reyda nemile.
10. Copper wire which is used in most sime mes ke daer biataere --dar-ha circuits is a good conductor of bekar mire, hadiye xube jaeraeyane electricity. baerqe.
11. We Cannot ionize organic substances. jsame ali ra nemie yonize kaerd. dare. 12. The sodium inn has a positive yone sodeyom bare mosbaet charge.
122 8
baz, naemaek A salt is obtained as aresult of an aez vakonese asido acid-base reaction. bedaest mi'wi. elektrikiye ab,oksiZen-0 14. We get oxygen and hydrogenwhen we aez taejzeye electrolyse water. hidrAen bedaest mi'ad. aegaer te'dade elektronha vae If the number of electronsand 15. porptonhaye atone yek onsor _o avi protons of an atom of an element be equal, that atom is neutral. bagaend, on atom xonsast. beraye jolugiri aez zaeng-zaed 16. To prevent corrosion) iron mustbe bayaed ahaen ra raeng kaerd. painted.. deer bae'zi kure'haye jaedid,deer e' 17. In some new furnaces, the degreeof heat reaches 40o0 degrees F. haeraraet be car hezar miraese.
eter maddeye faerr iye. 18.Ether is a volatile substance. ma mitunim baerzi anaser ra aezraetg 19. We can know some elements bythe color of their flame when they so'lesun mowge' suxtaen besenasim. are burnt.
potas so 'leye benaefs mide . 20. Potassium gives off a viole oksidaseyun gereftaene yek elktron 21. Oxidation is the removal of an electron from an element. aez yek onsore. ehys, ezafe kaerdaene yek elektronbe 22. Reduction is the addition of an electron to an element. yek onsore.
bitlitaeri 23.Gases have a greater volumeth gaz-ha daraye haejne haestaend ta maye'at. Umaye'at/ is liquids. the pl., of /maye liquid.
fegare haeva qalebaen cardae momaeyyez 24. Air pressure is ordInarily14.7 moraebbe'. pounds per square inch. haeft ponde deer haer ince
25. All basic metals have equal felezzate qaelyaq haeme daraye valancies. valanse-(zaerfiyyaete ) mosavi haestaend.
taemaseba 26. Sodium bursts into flame onexposure Sodeyom bevmojaerraede to air. haeva mostae'el mide. deer 27. It is kept under kerosenein the deer azmayesgah sodeyom ra kerosin (rowgaene ceraq) negah lab. midaraend.
haestaend. 28.. All gases are compressible. haeme gaz-ha 0:bele taerakom _v 29. The oxygen molecule has twoatoms. moiekule oxlzen do atom dare.
123 PSIAN VOCABUIckRY AND EXPESS IONS FOR THE SPACE AGE
Prepated by
Mohammed Zarnegar
ECACE CORPS IRAN PAHLAVI UNEBERSITYTRAINING PROJECT ThT UNIVIMITY OF TEXAS AUSTIN, 1WAS November 15, 1965-- January 29,1966
124 1.
1 areonaut hae-nae erd
2. aeronautics haeva-naevaerdi
3. aecelaration setab, ezdeyade leet
4. apogee owj, haedde aksaere owje aez zaemin
5. arti2icial satellite qaemaere maesnuli, mahe maesnuli
6. ascent ud
7. astronaut faeza-naevaerd, keyhan naevaerd
8. astronaut cs faeza-naevaerdi
9. astronomy heytaet, setare-senasi
10. astrophysics fizike faez
U. atmosthere Jaevv v_ 12 biophysics fizike beyolozic
13. biosupport systems daestgabaye hefze haeyatvaesa e A hefze haeyat
14. capsule (space kaesule faezati, efine faezali
15. centrifugal force qovve goriz aez maerkaez
16. comet setareye doMbale-dar
17. computer masine hesab, macqze elektniki
18.-cosmic rays aes selaeye keyhani
19. cosmonaut keyhan-naevaerd
20. cosmos keyhan
21, descent forud
22. earth zaemin, kore zaemin
23 earth orbit macdare beer gerde kore zaemin
24. elliptical orbit maedare beyzi
25. enlironment nahit
125 2
26 escape velocity sortaete ferare aez jazeble zaemin
27. extra vehicular activity_EVA) -liyyate faez_ eje.ez saefine
28. flight paervaz
29. fuel suxt
30. fuel, solid suxte jamed
31. fuel) liquid suxtr maye'
32. gravity, earth qovve jazebee zaemin
33. higher orbit maedare bala-taer
34. insertion into orbit vared kaerdaene jesmi be maedare faeza'i
25. interstellar beyn-os-saeyyarat
36. interstellar exploration ektesafe faezaye beynos-saeyyarat
37. iNpiter mostaeri
38.launch paertab
39launch pad saekuye paertab
40 launch vehicle musaeke paertabe zesfine ya jesme faezati
41, lift-off solud
42, locking maneuvre manovre ettesale do jesmdaer faeza
43, lower orbit maedare patin-taer, kaem owj-taer
44, lunar launching paertab aez kore mah
45. lunarorbit maedare baer gerde kore mah
46. manned night paervaze faezaliye ensani
47. manned orbital flight paervaze faezaliye maedari
48. manned orbital'iaboratory azmayesgahe maedari be, saer-nesine ensani
49. manned space flight paervaze faezali
50. Mars marrix
126 51. Mercury otared 4,1 52. meteor sehab, tire sehab
53. meteorology haeva-senasi
54. micro-second milyunome saneye
55. milli-second hezarome saneye
56. milky way kaeh-kaesan
57. moon mah, kore mah
58. moon orbit maedare beer gerde kore mah
59. multi-stage rocket musaeke caend maerhaele'yi
60. NASA edareye 'olume faezatiye emrika (Polume faeza' space sciences
61. Neptune neptun
62. orbit maedar
63. orbit circular maed da'era
64orbit elliptical maedare beyzi
65. orbit higher maedare bala-taer
66. orbit lower maedare patin-taer
67. orbit lunar maedare beer gerde kore mah
68. orbit solar maedere xorsidi
69. orbital maedari
70. orbital flight paervaze maedari
71. orbital laboratory azmaysabe maedari
72. orbital mechanics mikanike maedari
73. orbital velocity sortaete maedari zaemin 74. perigee haeziz; haedde aegaelle owj aez
75. planet saeyyare 127 4
76. Pluto pluto
77. project baername
78. project Apollo baername apolo
79. project Gemini baername jemini
80, project Mercury baername -erkuri
81. propellant suxte paertab
82. radar radar
83. radaton t: 16E
84. radio radeyo
85. radio astronomy motalc hey'aet ba aemvaje radeyo'i
86. radio telescope durbine radeyoli
87. re-entry vorude be javve zaemin haerate estekake ba javve zaemin 88. re-entry heat estekaki 89. re-entry shield eepaere zedde haerarate
90. rendezvous, space milade aeza'
914 rocket musaek
92. rocket fuel suxtemtiaek
93. radiation belt maenteqe tae'sae'so satellite 94. satellite qaema (pl. /aegiar
95. satellite qaemaere maesnuli
Saturn zohael
97. solar xorsidi
98. solar battery batriye xorsidi
99. solar energy enerziye xorsidi r 100. solar orbit maedare xorsidi
12 5
101. solar system maenzumeye saemsi
102. space faeza
103. space age aesre faeza-navaerdi
104. space communication moxaberate faezei A 105. space exploration ektesafe faeza'i
106. space flight paervaze faeza'i
107. space locking ettesale do jesm daer faeza
108. space manoemwe manovre faeza'i
109. space rescue naejate faeza'i
110. space research pozuhe'se faezati
111. space ship saefineye faeza
122. space suit lebase faeza'i
113. space technology teknoloziye faeza
114. spaceman faeza-naevaerd
115. star setare
116. sun xorsid, aftab
117. telemetry telemetri
118. telescope dur-bin
119. thrust fesar
120. tracking raedd giri, maedar-yabi A 121. tracking ship kaestiye raedd girl
122. tracking station raedd giri
123. ultrasonic vaeraye sorlaete sold 9_, _
124. ultraviolet rays , aeStsetae vaeraye benaefs
125. universe jehi katenat
129 6
126. unmanned satellite oemaere maesnootiye hi saer-nesin
127. Uranus oranus
128, Van Allen Radiation Belt kaemaerbande van alan; naente 'ye taeqaeqoye van alen
129. weather baeva
130. weather satellite qaemaere bava-senasi
131. X-Ray aes setaeye maejhul
132. Zodiac maenteqaet-olhoruj
10 1. The Space Age began in October 'aesre faeza-naevaerdi deer mahe 1957. oktobre hezaro nohsaedo paejaho haeft aqaz Sod.
2. On October 4 of that year, the ruze carome oktobre haeman sal, iuraeviha Soviets launched their Sputnik qaemaere sputnike-sun ra be which was put into orbit vaesileye yaek musaeke caend by a multi-stage rocket. maerhaele'yi paertab kaerdaend.
On January 31, 1948, American ruze carome zanveye hezar-onohsalado scientists placed the Explorer oelo haeit, daneg-maendane emrika I satellite into orbit. qaeamere explorere yek ra be maedar gozaStaend.
4. Ever since then all kinds of satel- aez on be bae'd aenve-o aeqsame aeqmar lites have been launched: from paertab sode: aez qaemaere weather satellites to communica- haeva-genasi ta aeqmare moxaberati. tion satellites.
Maned flight in space was achieved paervaze faeza'i ensani bevaesile by the Soviet cosmonaut Yori keyhan-naevaerde gUraevi, yuri Gagarin and the American as- gagarin, vae faeza-naevaerde emrika,: tronaut John Glenn. jan gelen suraet gereft.
So far the longest and the most ta emruz tulani-taerin vae jaleb-taerin noteworthy space flight has paervaz faeza'i haemon paervaze been the recent joint flight axire vae moStaeraeke saefayen of Gemini-6 and Gemini-7 space- jeminiye -geg vae jeminiye- ships. haeft bude.
7. Each ship car ied two astronauts. haer yek aez in safayen do faeza- naevaerd daft. (/safayen/, pl. of /saefine/ space-ship),
Gemini-7 was circling around the jeminiye-haeft,,dar moddaete haer earth every 96 minutes. naevaedo seg_daqqiqe yek bar dowre kore zaemin mi-gaeA. (yek haeraeke maedari aenjam midad.)
First, a powerful Titah rocket aevvael ypkmugaeke qaviyye nowle titan, shoved Gemini-6 into an ellip- jeminiye-geg ra be yek maeadare tical orbit. beyzi geekl aendaxt.
10. The orbit had a perigee of 100 in maedar daraye owji mosavi ba miles and an apogee of 161 saed mil bud vas haezizi mo'adele miles. saedo *saesto yek mi.
131 11. The average velocity of the space- haedde vaesaate sor'aete on sa'aeti craft was 17,535 miles per hifdeh hezaro ponsaedo siyo hour. paenj mil bud.
12. Gemini-6's second-stage launch maerhaele doyemugaeki ke jeminiye ses rocket placed it in an orbit ra so'ud dade bud on saefine that nearly coincided with ra bemaedari gozagt ke taelaribaen Gemini-7'5. ba maedare jeminiye-haeft montaebeq bud.
13. But Gemini-7 was still 1,200 miles aemma haenuz jeminiye-haeft hezaro away. devist mil (ba fasele dast.
14. It was in a higher orbit and eminiye-haeft deer maedari _la-taer therefore its velocity was bud vae bena-baer-in sor'aete less than that of Gemini-6. on kaemtaer aez sor'aetejeminiye- 'ses bud.
15; The higher the orbit of a sa_ellite, -er ce maedare yek qaemaere maesnuq the less is its orbital bala-taer baSe, sor'aete seyree velocity. kaemtaere.
16. Computers now calculated how hal maeqzahe elektroniki (masinhaye Gemini-6 could catch up with hesab) hesab kaerdaend ke cetowr Gemini-7. jeminiye-ies' mitune be jeminiye- haeft beraese.
17. By making uSe of the principles in ra misod ba estefade aez osule of orbital mechanics, this mikanike maedari bedaest avord. could be achieved.
18. Orbital mechanics means physical mikanike maedari yaelni on qaevanine laws that govern the motion of taebili ke taeTyin konanede orbiting bodies. haeraekaete aejsame maedari haestaendi
These laws are not like the laws in qaevanine mesle qaevanine haeraekate of motion that govern objects aejsami nistaend ke deer ruye on the surface of the earth. zaemin be haeraekaet deer mi-yend.
20. If you increase your orbital aegaer'ioma sor'aete seyre maedari velocity you do not catch up xodtun ro zeyad konid, be with a satellite that is ahead qaemaeri ke deer haeman maedar of you in the same orbit. aez ibma jolow-taer seyr mikone, ne-mi-raesid.
132 21. On the contrary, an increase in beer 'aks, ezdeyad sor'aet ba'es miS'e velocity would place you in a ke soma be maedare patintaeri lower orbit. beyoftid.
22. Two factors determine an orbital 'amel xaette seyre maedari ra path. tae'yin mikonaend.
23. First is gravity which tries to aevvael qovve Jaz ebeye zaemine ke pull a satellite beck to qaemaer ro be zaemin earth. baergaerdune.
24. The other factor is the centrifugal 'amel diger qovve goriz aez maerkaze force which is proportional ke nesbaete mostaeqimi dare to the speed of the satellite ba sor'aete qaemaer vae sa'ye and tends to shove it farther mikone ke qaemaer ro dur-taer away from the earth. paertab kone.
25. A delicate ba ance between these tae'adole haessase meyan in do 'amel two factors determines the xaette seyre qaemaere maesnu'i path of a satellite in arbit ra baer gerde kore zaemin tae'y n around the earth. mikone.
26. Through a series of orbital man- in do kaepsul aez taeriqe yek selesele euvres, the two capsules manuvrhaye maedari be haem approached each other. naezik iodaend.
27. G -ini-6 was moved to within six jeminiye -gegfootiye jeminiye- feet of Gemini-7. haeft pTh amaed. (or: be footiye on raesid.)
28. This was an unprecedented achieve- in yek piruzeye bi7sabeqe deer faeza- ment in space. naevaerdi bud.
29. Then Gemini-6 swung in a small bee'd jeminiye-gevared maedare orbit around Gemini-7. kuceki beer gerde jeminiye-haeft 'Sod.
30. For five and a half hours the two ta moddaete paej sa aeto nim in do spaceships continued to orbit saefine faeza'i deer hale arayes in formation. be paervaze maedariye xod edame dadaend.
31. The distance between the two ships faseleye meyane onha beyn bist ta was from 20 to 100 feet. saed foot bud.
32, The astronauts communicated with faeza-naevaerd-ha ba radeyo ba haem each other by radio and ertebat dagtaend vae yek-diger observed each other. ra mogahede mi-kaerdaend. 10
33. They took movies and still pictures aez saefineye haem diger aeks mi7 of each other's ships. gereftaendo film baer mi-ddstaend.
34. After this great success, scientists bae'd aez.in movaef-faegiyyete bozorg, said that now a manned orbiting danes-maendan goftaend ke space laboratory has become mosaellaemaen da'slaene yek a definite possibili/:y. azmaya-gahe maedari ba seer- nesine ensani emkan dare.
35. Scientists could come to earth dan -maendan mi-taevanaend aez in and return to the lab at will. azmayee-gah haer vaegt bexahaend be saemin beer aerdaend vae dobare be azmayei-gah moraje'aet konaend.
36. Also a lunar landing may come haemcenin momkene zud-taer aez sale before 1970. hezaro nohsaedo haeftad daer kore mah peyadeh besaevaend.
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