DOCSLIB.ORG

Balance of Payments

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Table 1 BALANCE OF PAYMENTS (million dollars) Year Preliminary Five months Percentage change 1379 1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1384 1385 1384-85 Current account balance 12,500 5,985 3,585 816 1,442 14,037 5,470 8,779 60.5 Trade balance 13,375 5,775 6,201 4,430 5,653 19,043 7,408 11,032 48.9 Exports 28,461 23,904 28,237 33,991 43,852 60,012 23,115 31,370 35.7 Oil and gas 24,280 19,339 22,966 27,355 36,315 48,823 19,871 25,024 25.9 Non-oil exports 4,181 4,565 5,271 6,636 7,537 11,189 3,244 6,346 95.7 Imports 15,086 18,129 22,036 29,561 38,199 40,969 15,707 20,338 29.5 Services -1,485 -495 -3,503 -4,535 -5,011 -5,894 -2,436 -2,799 14.9 Receipts 2,012 3,488 5,025 6,249 6,905 7,612 2,661 3,047 14.5 Freight and insurance 450 731 1,316 1,704 2,051 2,288 790 885 12.0 Passenger services 210 231 250 233 261 337 141 153 9.2 Travel 467 891 1,357 1,033 1044 992 325 403 24.0 Investment income 215 655 653 781 918 1,018 361 487 34.9 Other public services 368 576 632 1,099 1,128 1,263 427 455 6.5 Other private services 302 404 817 1,399 1,503 1,714 617 664 7.5 Payments 3,497 3,983 8,528 10,784 11,916 13,506 5,097 5,846 14.7 Freight and insurance 1,347 1,539 434 756 876 1,213 556 683 23.0 Passenger services 3 6 240 278 309 430 179 201 12.2 Travel 668 708 3,750 3,842 4,093 4,380 1,656 1,878 13.4 Investment income 370 397 1,082 1,046 1,129 1,307 396 468 18.1 Other public services 966 1,135 2,065 3,306 3,706 4,040 1,553 1,739 12.0 Other private services 143 198 957 1,556 1,803 2,136 757 877 15.8 Transfers 610 705 887 921 800 888 498 546 9.7 Public 74 23 36 4 4 5 52 55 5.0 Private 536 682 851 917 796 883 446 491 10.2 Capital account -4,573 1,150 2,534 4,476 7,388 -411 -1,066 -3,212 201.2 Long-term -3,218 2,361 3,329 2,045 1,659 410 -145 375 - Public -3,299 2,455 3,079 1,545 1,262 127 -263 255 - Liabilities -3,297 2,456 3,081 1,548 1,265 129 -262 256 - Assets -2 -1 -2 -2.1 -2 -2.1 -1 -1 -20.0 Other 81 -94 250 500 396 283 118 120 1.7 Short-term -1,355 -1,211 -796 2,431 5,730 -821 -921 -3,587 289.4 Public 260 94 -64 -2 89 -174 -434 -780 79.8 Banks and others -1,615 -1,305 -732 2,433 5,640 -647 -487 -2,806 476.1 Changes of exchange rate 211 -156 -210 -506 1,213 -1,000 0 1,533 - Statistical errors -1,609 -2,219 -1,242 -1,076 -1,312 948 -554 341 - Overall balance (change in 6,529 4,760 4,667 3,710 8,731 13,574 3,850 7,441 93.3 international reserves) Table 2 FOREIGN TRADE (million dollars) Non-oil exports Imports (cif) Weight Value Average value Weight Value Average value (thousand tons) (million US$) (US$ per ton) (thousand tons) (million US$) (US$ per ton) 1383 Farvardin 931 307 330 1,643 1,585 965 Ordibehesht 1,448 554 382 2,938 3,088 1,051 Khordad 1,258 534 425 2,191 2,923 1,334 Tir 1,307 470 359 2,497 2,714 1,087 Mordad 1,512 474 313 2,220 2,546 1,147 Shahrivar 1,504 605 402 3,061 2,800 915 Mehr 1,366 582 426 3,243 3,208 989 Aban 1,335 653 489 3,367 3,470 1,030 Azar 1,057 574 542 3,186 3,282 1,030 Dey 1,775 632 356 2,759 3,611 1,309 Bahman 1,135 531 468 2,108 2,600 1,233 Esfand 1,173 468 399 2,118 2,278 1,075 Total 15,801 6,384 404 31,331 34,105 1,089 1384 Farvardin 1,354 469 346 2,554 2,338 915 Ordibehesht 1,638 557 340 2,183 3,181 1,458 Khordad 1,553 573 369 2,920 3,293 1,128 Tir 1,467 469 319 2,371 2,957 1,247 Mordad 1,315 627 477 2,986 3,186 1,067 Shahrivar 2,688 927 345 3,293 3,377 1,025 Mehr 1,856 894 482 2,978 3,489 1,171 Aban 1,955 998 510 2,264 2,687 1,187 Azar 1,455 957 658 2,705 2,862 1,058 Dey 2,264 1,073 474 3,630 3,966 1,093 Bahman 1,350 844 625 2,831 3,225 1,139 Esfand 2,848 1,494 525 4,585 5,103 1,113 Total 21,744 9,880 454 30,715 39,664 1,291 1385 Farvardin 2,260 846 374 3,229 2,483 769 Ordibehesht 2,325 956 411 3,441 3,451 1,003 Khordad 3,028 1,442 476 4,000 3,721 930 Tir 2,370 1,161 490 3,692 3,752 1,016 Mordad 3,212 1,508 470 3,640 3,941 1,083 Total 13,195 5,913 448 18,002 17,348 964 Source: Customs Administration Monthly data for imports and exports are based on preliminary figures of Iran customs and exclude value of imports and exports through cross border markets and shuttle trade. Table 3 VALUE OF NON-OIL EXPORTS (million dollars) Year Share (percent) Percentage change 1384 1385 1384 1385 1384-85 Agricultural and traditional goods 651 819 20.1 13.9 25.8 Carpets 153 145 4.7 2.5 -5.5 Fresh and dried fruits 296 417 9.1 7.1 40.6 Pistachio 140 313 4.3 5.3 123.8 Raisins 32 37 1.0 0.6 15.6 Dates 8 21 0.2 0.4 173.1 Others 117 45 3.6 0.8 -61.3 Hide and leather 29 37 0.9 0.6 26.9 Caviar 0 6 0 0.1 - Casings 28 30 0.87 0.51 7.8 Saffron 30 34 0.9 0.6 15.9 Shrimp 2 1 0.05 0.01 -64.7 Peas and Pulses 15 6 0.5 0.1 -59.5 Others 97 143 3.0 2.4 47.5 Metallic mineral ores 119 332 3.7 5.6 180.3 Industrial goods 2,311 4,440 71.5 75.1 92.1 Detergents and soaps 14 49 0.4 0.8 245.4 Chemicals and petrochemicals 640 2,478 19.8 41.9 287.0 Condensate (Propane, Butane) 31 1,408 0.9 23.8 4,487.3 Tar 46 51 1.4 0.9 9.9 Footwear and bag (leather and non-leather) 18 30 0.6 0.5 62.2 Ready-made clothes, tricot and all kinds of fabric 49 50 1.5 0.8 1.6 Cement, stones and construction materials 56 84 1.7 1.4 50.7 Transportation vehicles and their spare parts 105 120 3.2 2.0 14.2 Aluminum and articles thereof, copper and copper bar 132 399 4.1 6.7 202.9 Cast iron, iron and steel 465 557 14.4 9.4 19.6 Plastic products and melamine 99 101 3.1 1.7 2.0 Fruit juice 10 13 0.3 0.2 25.0 Moquette 11 15 0.4 0.3 33.9 Others 712 545 22.0 9.2 -23.4 Miscellaneous goods 154 322 4.8 5.4 109.0 Total 3,235 5,913 100 100 82.8 Source: Preliminary statistics released by the Customs Administration Table 4 EXTERNAL DEBT (End of period) (1) (million dollars) Short-term Medium- and long-term Total 1383 Shahrivar 5,957 12,320 18,277 Azar 7,633 12,950 20,583 Esfand 10,253 12,821 23,074 1384 Khordad 9,825 12,396 22,221 Shahrivar 10,292 13,645 23,937 Mehr 10,766 13,510 24,276 Aban 10,515 13,309 23,824 Azar 10,800 13,691 24,491 Dey 10,812 13,729 24,542 Bahman 10,477 13,609 24,086 Esfand 10,595 13,578 24,173 1385 Farvardin 10,627 14,051 24,678 Ordibehesht 10,587 14,336 24,922 Khordad 10,394 14,317 24,711 Tir 9,942 14,368 24,310 Mordad 9,638 14,437 24,074 (1) Based on original maturity. Table 5 EXCHANGE RATE (IRR/US$) Interbank market rate Parallel market rate (average selling rate) (average selling rate) 1383 Farvardin 8,514 8,536 Ordibehesht 8,564 8,589 Khordad 8,592 8,620 Tir 8,652 8,672 Mordad 8,708 8,756 Shahrivar 8,739 8,778 Mehr 8,761 8,785 Aban 8,778 8,797 Azar 8,791 8,816 Dey 8,817 8,827 Bahman 8,854 8,888 Esfand 8,857 8,882 1384 Farvardin 8,885 8,905 Ordibehesht 8,913 8,916 Khordad 8,966 8,987 Tir 8,990 9,008 Mordad 8,998 9,024 Shahrivar 9,014 9,034 Mehr 9,043 9,053 Aban 9,067 9,083 Azar 9,081 9,099 Dey 9,095 9,106 Bahman 9,114 9,110 Esfand 9,133 9,152 1385 Farvardin 9,146 9,163 Ordibehesht 9,151 9,166 Khordad 9,166 9,174 Tir 9,181 9,193 Mordad 9,186 9,211 .
Recommended publications
  • COVID-19 UPDATE November 23, 2020 Global Total Cases – 59,025,871 Total Deaths – 1,393,889

    COVID-19 UPDATE November 23, 2020 Global Total Cases – 59,025,871 Total Deaths – 1,393,889

    COVID-19 UPDATE November 23, 2020 Global Total cases – 59,025,871 Total deaths – 1,393,889 United States Total cases – 12,369,978 Total deaths – 257,415 On Wednesday, the United States surpassed 250,000 coronavirus deaths. The total number of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the United States has reached new highs every day since November 11, when hospitalizations first surpassed the April peak. One week before the end of the month, the United States has already recorded its highest monthly case total in November, reporting more than 3,075,000 cases. The number of November cases could exceed four million, more than double the total in October. Trump Administration • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention urged Americans against traveling for Thanksgiving and to limit gatherings to people in the same household as Covid-19 rages in the U.S. o “Celebrating virtually or with the people you live with is the safest choice this Thanksgiving,” the agency said on its website on Thursday. “Travel may increase your chance of getting and spreading COVID-19.” o For people considering traveling for the holiday, the agency offered a checklist of risks and standard advice such as wearing a face covering and staying 6 feet away from people “who don’t live with you.” People hosting Thanksgiving guests at home should observe precautions that could include having an outdoor meal with family and friends, have people bring their own food and drink, and opening windows if the gathering is indoors. • In a call last week, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Director Robert Redfield and Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar encouraged governors to help build confidence in vaccines and stressed the importance of wearing masks.
  • HARZA ENGINEERING 'COMPANY D45'" CONSULTING ENGINEERS

    HARZA ENGINEERING 'COMPANY D45'" CONSULTING ENGINEERS

    SBEST AVAILABLE COPY> HARZA ENGINEERING 'COMPANY d45'" CONSULTING ENGINEERS ELECTRIC UTILITY MANAGEMENT PROJECT TE.RAN - IRAN,., 44 'Date: Assignment vStatus and Progress n m N,~, -L ~~Electric Utility Management Project -. Iran L Period: JEsfand 1351 . -:. ,,1 A general report of the activities of this ­ Project for the month' of Esfand 1351 is :.I.&1J.~J J~t ~eI as follows: s AZARBAIJAN REGIONAL ELECTRIC COMPANY W Projects ec4 e.1w -J - Project No. 1910.2 -Installation of Computer jT.~ as-~~"G'LS u)v-JdJyPt J)~ A report reviewing the operations and computer,! JAJ1JJT~IS!A~ ~T programs development was submitted this ,y Lr-'YM . .QT themonth REC, by alonga consultant with Ministry following counterparts. a visit to • j .. ~ ESFAHIAN REGIONAL ELECTRIC COMPANY .__... * ~ Projects ~L .~±.4F..~ - d~4 dj~ Project 31. -oProvisional Acceptance "' .4..* S.~z ~Tests -Shahre Kord Diesel Electric Station 2 Lr~ J 1 U42Z'-"" o-) LY),H .0 The consultant' made a field trip to Shahre,~ A) . " * Kord to check the installation of the new r '1 1000 Kw ond 500 Kw diesel generators j J!iS! "L t., . LS 2 i '~j~.:*. supplied by the Skoda Company. Full load and 10% overload tests were conducted.. The station auxiliaries and 11 v switchgear L J T- were inspected, protective relays tested,. w . ~ . Provisional acceptance of bAoconsultantwas:c, . and e cal nsIones. visit ii~connection with establishing 'a; C) c,4' tIJl relay gru in'he's'fha tiame 4 lws pn S(~ z toa,,Issist i hci Jj0ahe C - - ST AVAIl AI.E COPY 2 control circuiting and testing relays -- j) .
  • To:$M.R$Ahmad$Shahid$ Special$Rapporteur$On$The

    To:$M.R$Ahmad$Shahid$ Special$Rapporteur$On$The

    To:$M.r$Ahmad$Shahid$ Special$Rapporteur$on$the$human$rights$situation$in$Iran$ $ Dear%Sir,% % such%as%equal%rights%to%education%for%everyone,%preventing%the%dismissal%and%forced%retirements%of% dissident%university%professors,%right%of%research%without%limitations%in%universities%and%to%sum%up% expansion%of%academic%liberties.%Student%activists%have%also%been%pursuing%basic%rights%of%the%people% such%as%freedom%of%speech,%press,%and%rallies,%free%formation%and%function%of%parties,%syndicates,%civil% associations%and%also%regard%of%democratic%principles%in%the%political%structure%for%many%years.% % But%unfortunately%the%regime%has%rarely%been%friendly%towards%students.%They%have%always%tried%to%force% from%education,%banishments%to%universities%in%remote%cities,%arrests,%prosecutions%and%heavy%sentences% of%lashing,%prison%and%even%incarceration%in%banishment,%all%for%peaceful%and%lawful%pursuit%of%the% previously%mentioned%demands.%Demands%which%according%to%the%human%rights%charter%are%considered% the%most%basic%rights%of%every%human%being%and%Islamic%Republic%of%Iran%as%a%subscriber%is%bound%to% uphold.% % The%government%also%attempts%to%shut%down%any%student%associations%which%are%active%in%peaceful%and% lawful%criticism,%and%their%members%are%subjected%to%all%sorts%of%pressures%and%restrictions%to%stop%them.% Islamic%Associations%for%example%which%have%over%60%years%of%history%almost%twice%as%of%the%Islamic% republic%regimeE%and%in%recent%years%have%been%the%only%official%criticizing%student%associations%in% universities,%despite%their%massive%number%of%student%members,%have%been%shut%down%by%the%
  • Summary of the Assets and Liabilities of the Banking System

    Summary of the Assets and Liabilities of the Banking System

    Table 1 SUMMARY OF THE ASSETS AND LIABILITIES OF THE BANKING SYSTEM (1) (billion rials) Year-end balance Percentage change Ordibehesht Ordibehesht Ordibehesht Ordibehesht Ordibehesht Esfand Ordibehesht Esfand Ordibehesht 1385 to 1386 to 1385 to 1386 to 1384 1384 1385 1385 1386 Ordibehesht Ordibehesht Esfand Esfand 1384 1385 1384 1385 Assets Foreign assets 626,886.9 770,170.4 799,821.4 928,552.5 957,655.3 27.6 19.7 3.8 3.1 Claims on public sector 238,439.2 235,607.7 236,051.1 256,219.8 269,849.3 -1.0 14.3 0.2 5.3 Government 147,588.6 135,794.5 137,542.1 160,269.3 174,463.5 -6.8 26.8 1.3 8.9 Public corporations and agencies 90,850.6 99,813.2 98,509.0 95,950.5 95,385.8 8.4 -3.2 -1.3 -0.6 Claims on non-public sector 636,344.1 865,315.4 882,475.8 1,226,201.0 1,268,190.2 38.7 43.7 2.0 3.4 Others 295,811.1 488,302.9 433,775.5 671,235.9 635,783.4 46.6 46.6 -11.2 -5.3 Sub-total 1,797,481.3 2,359,396.4 2,352,123.8 3,082,209.2 3,131,478.2 30.9 33.1 -0.3 1.6 Below the line items 412,609.8 445,191.6 439,828.3 599,812.1 613,946.3 6.6 39.6 -1.2 2.4 Total assets = total liabilities 2,210,091.1 2,804,588.0 2,791,952.1 3,682,021.3 3,745,424.5 26.3 34.2 -0.5 1.7 Liabilities Liquidity 682,418.4 921,019.4 921,027.0 1,284,199.4 1,314,977.7 35.0 42.8 0 2.4 Money 230,253.8 317,919.4 287,499.3 414,544.9 390,298.3 24.9 35.8 -9.6 -5.8 Quasi-money 452,164.6 603,100.0 633,527.7 869,654.5 924,679.4 40.1 46.0 5.0 6.3 Loans and deposits of the public sector 143,020.4 167,667.4 217,330.9 220,621.4 235,271.1 52.0 8.3 29.6 6.6 Government 133,632.2 156,378.9 202,322.4 208,532.4
  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE a Study on the Relationship Between Temperature

    ORIGINAL ARTICLE a Study on the Relationship Between Temperature

    Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci., Vol 3 [12] November 2014: 42-45 ©2014 Academy for Environment and Life Sciences, India Online ISSN 2277-1808 Journal’s URL:http://www.bepls.com CODEN: BEPLAD Global Impact Factor 0.533 Universal Impact Factor 0.9804 ORIGINAL ARTICLE A study on the relationship between temperature and height in Ardabil province, according to the meteorological data Bahman Bahari Bighdilu Department of Agriculture, Pars Abad Moghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, pars Abad Moghan, Iran Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT the relationship between temperature and height was investigated Based on the review of one of the most important climatic parameters (temperature) in order to provide scientific solutions to meet the social needs and careful planning in the region in the field of agriculture. There was a significant relationship on the basis of Laps Rate phenomenon, so that the differences between heating and cooling processes of 70 degrees Celsius and the height difference of 1500 meters in the province show this important issue. Keywords: temperature, according, meteorological data Received 10.09.2014 Revised 09.10.2014 Accepted 02.11. 2014 INTRODUCTION Location, range and area This region with the area of 17,867 square kilometers is located at the north of Iran plateau between the coordinates of '45 and ‘37 to '42 and '39 North latitude and '55 and 48 to '3 and 47 east longitudes from the Greenwich meridian. Based on the assessment studies of Land resources in this area (Ardabil Province) a total of 7 major types and one type of mixed lands and 32 units of land have been identified.
  • The Calendars of India

    The Calendars of India

    The Calendars of India By Vinod K. Mishra, Ph.D. 1 Preface. 4 1. Introduction 5 2. Basic Astronomy behind the Calendars 8 2.1 Different Kinds of Days 8 2.2 Different Kinds of Months 9 2.2.1 Synodic Month 9 2.2.2 Sidereal Month 11 2.2.3 Anomalistic Month 12 2.2.4 Draconic Month 13 2.2.5 Tropical Month 15 2.2.6 Other Lunar Periodicities 15 2.3 Different Kinds of Years 16 2.3.1 Lunar Year 17 2.3.2 Tropical Year 18 2.3.3 Siderial Year 19 2.3.4 Anomalistic Year 19 2.4 Precession of Equinoxes 19 2.5 Nutation 21 2.6 Planetary Motions 22 3. Types of Calendars 22 3.1 Lunar Calendar: Structure 23 3.2 Lunar Calendar: Example 24 3.3 Solar Calendar: Structure 26 3.4 Solar Calendar: Examples 27 3.4.1 Julian Calendar 27 3.4.2 Gregorian Calendar 28 3.4.3 Pre-Islamic Egyptian Calendar 30 3.4.4 Iranian Calendar 31 3.5 Lunisolar calendars: Structure 32 3.5.1 Method of Cycles 32 3.5.2 Improvements over Metonic Cycle 34 3.5.3 A Mathematical Model for Intercalation 34 3.5.3 Intercalation in India 35 3.6 Lunisolar Calendars: Examples 36 3.6.1 Chinese Lunisolar Year 36 3.6.2 Pre-Christian Greek Lunisolar Year 37 3.6.3 Jewish Lunisolar Year 38 3.7 Non-Astronomical Calendars 38 4. Indian Calendars 42 4.1 Traditional (Siderial Solar) 42 4.2 National Reformed (Tropical Solar) 49 4.3 The Nānakshāhī Calendar (Tropical Solar) 51 4.5 Traditional Lunisolar Year 52 4.5 Traditional Lunisolar Year (vaisnava) 58 5.
  • Emergency Application for Writ of Injunction Or in the Alternative for Certiorari Before Judgment Or Summary Reversal

    Emergency Application for Writ of Injunction Or in the Alternative for Certiorari Before Judgment Or Summary Reversal

    No.__ In the Supreme Court of the United States RITESH TANDON; KAREN BUSCH; TERRY GANNON; CAROLYN GANNON; JEREMY WONG; JULIE EVARKIOU; DHRUV KHANNA; CONNIE RICHARDS; FRANCES BEAUDET; MAYA MANSOUR, APPLICANTS, v. GAVIN NEWSOM; ROB BONTA; TOMÁS J. ARAGÓN; JEFFREY V. SMITH; SARA H. CODY. RESPONDENTS. To the Honorable Elena Kagan Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States and Circuit Justice for the Ninth Circuit EMERGENCY APPLICATION FOR WRIT OF INJUNCTION OR IN THE ALTERNATIVE FOR CERTIORARI BEFORE JUDGMENT OR SUMMARY REVERSAL RELIEF REQUESTED BY SATURDAY, APRIL 3, 2021 ROBERT E. DUNN RYAN J. WALSH J.D. TRIPOLI Counsel of Record EIMER STAHL LLP AMY MILLER 99 S. Almaden Blvd. EIMER STAHL LLP Suite 642 10 East Doty Street San Jose, CA 95113 Suite 800 (408) 889-1690 Madison, WI 53703 [email protected] (608) 442-5798 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] JOHN K. ADAMS EMILY E. SULLIVAN Counsel for Applicants EIMER STAHL LLP 224 S. Michigan Ave. Suite 1100 Chicago, IL 60604 (312) 660-7600 [email protected] [email protected] QUESTION PRESENTED In ordinary times, Pastor Jeremy Wong and Karen Busch regularly held Bible studies, prayer meetings, and worship services at their homes—as had millions of other Christians in California who sincerely believe assembling for small-group, “house church” fellowship is just as indispensable to their faith as attending Mass is for a Catholic. Yet for over a year now, California has completely prohibited or substantially restricted those “gatherings” and many others. Indoor gatherings are completely prohibited in Tier 1 counties and limited to no more than three households in Tiers 2, 3, and 4, while outdoor gatherings are limited to no more than three households in all tiers.
  • “Iran and Its Neighbors: Diverging Views on a Strategic Region”

    “Iran and Its Neighbors: Diverging Views on a Strategic Region”

    SWP Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Eugene Whitlock (Ed.) “Iran and Its Neighbors: Diverging Views on a Strategic Region” July 2003 Berlin © Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, 2003 All rights reserved SWP Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Ludwigkirchplatz 3−4 10719 Berlin Telephone +49 30 880 07-0 Fax +49 30 880 07-100 www.swp-berlin.org [email protected] Table of Contents 5 Foreword – Johannes Reissner 7 Iran and the Middle East 9 The Infernal Triangle: Iran, Israel, and the United States – Samuel W. Lewis 15 Iran’s Relationship to Its Neighbors in Central Asia and the Caucasus 17 Iran’s Role in the South Caucasus and Caspian Region: Diverging Views of the U.S. and Europe – Brenda Shaffer 23 Iran in the Caucasus, Caspian and Central Asia: Lessons for Western Strategy – Edmund Herzig 29 U.S. and Iranian Policy in Afghanistan – Barnett R. Rubin 35 Iran and the Problem of Proliferation 37 Dealing with Iran’s Nuclear Program – Michael Eisenstadt 42 Iran, the Bomb, and the Future of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty – Oliver Thränert 53 The Potential for Iran to Provoke Further Nuclear Proliferation in the Middle East – Patrick Clawson 57 The Role of Iran and the Region for Global Energy Supply 59 Iran’s Oil and Gas Development and the Effect of U.S. Economic Sanctions – James A. Placke 65 Why Iran Is Key for Europe’s Security of Energy Supply – Friedemann Müller 70 Post-War Iraq and Iran’s Petroleum Sector – Joe Barnes and
  • Producer Price Index in Iran Shahrivar 1397 (August 23 - September 22, 2018)

    Producer Price Index in Iran Shahrivar 1397 (August 23 - September 22, 2018)

    Producer Price Index in Iran Shahrivar 1397 (August 23 – September 22, 2018) Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran General Directorate of Economic Statistics Producer Price Index in Iran Shahrivar 1397 (August 23 - September 22, 2018) (1395 = 100) ©Economic Statistics Mehr 1397 Department (October 2018) www.cbi.ir IN THE NAME OF GOD Summary Results of the Producer Price Index in Iran Shahrivar 1397 (1395=100) ب increase no change or virtually unchanged Percent change compared to similar month of Groups previous month the previous year ب General Index 9.4 44.4 Major Groups: 1- Agriculture, forestry and fishing 8.1 37.0 2- Manufacturing 13.9 61.1 3- Transportation and storage 4.2 36.5 4- Accommodation and food service activities 6.8 23.7 5- Information and communication 0.0 0.9 6- Education 0.6 14.5 15.7 ب Human health and social work activities 1.8 7- 8- Other service activities 3.1 19.0 Special Group: Services 3.0 25.4 Producer Price Index in Iran Shahrivar 1397 (1395 = 100) The Producer Price Index (PPI) went up 9.4 percent in Shahrivar 1397. The index level of 157.8 was 44.4 percent higher than in Shahrivar 1396. For the first 6 months of 1397, the PPI edged up 25.1 percent, compared to the similar period in 1396. This index moved up 18.2 percent for the 12 months ended in Shahrivar 1397. Agriculture, forestry and fishing: In Shahrivar, a 8.1-percent increase in the prices of this group can be traced to the rises in the indices for oily sunflowers, potatoes, tomatoes, hay, grapes, dates, tangerines, fresh nuts, animal production and Persian gulf fishes.
  • CPI by Decial- Month Dey 1399

    CPI by Decial- Month Dey 1399

    National Consumer Price Index by Expenditure Deciles in the Month of Dey1 of the year 13992 The national inflation rate for the month of Dey of the year 1399 stood at 32.2 percent, fluctuating between 29.8 percent for the first decile (those with the lowest income) and 39.3 percent for the tenth decile (those with the highest income) among the expenditure deciles. The range of the twelve-month inflation changes in the major group of "food, beverages and tobacco" was between 28.5 percent for the tenth decile and 32.8 percent for the second decile. The major group of "non-food items and services” also saw these fluctuations, ranging from 26.9 percent for the first decile to 42.1 percent for the tenth decile3. Inflation Rate for Major Groups Genral Inflation Rate 45.0 42.1 45.0 40.0 37.3 31.5 31.3 30.9 39.3 32.6 34.3 40.0 35.0 32.8 32.5 32.1 32.8 28.5 35.1 28.9 30.2 30.9 30.1 29.7 35.0 32.9 30.0 28.2 29.4 31.0 32.1 26.9 29.8 30.3 30.5 30.5 30.7 30.0 25.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 20.0 10.0 15.0 5.0 10.0 0.0 5.0 Firstdecile 0.0 Fifthdecile Sixthdecile Third decileThird Ninth Ninth decile Tenthdecile Eighthdecile Fourthdecile Seconddecile Seventhdecile Food, beverages and tobacco First decile Fifthdecile Sixth decile Thirddecile Ninthdecile Tenthdecile Fourthdecile Eighthdecile Seconddecile Non-food items and services Seventh decile 1 .
  • A Study of the Reasons for the Permanence of Tirgan Or "Tirmā

    A Study of the Reasons for the Permanence of Tirgan Or "Tirmā

    A Study of the Reasons for the Permanence of Teergan or "Tirmā Sizzệ Šu" Celebration in the Province of Mazandaran in Iran Dr. Morteza Mohseni* Dr. Mahmoud Azizi** Maryam Valizadeh*** Abstract: There are many festivals, rituals and celebrations in the ancient Persian calendar; amongst them, to name only a few are Nowrooz, Mehregan, Sa' adeh, Abangan, etc. These festivals and rituals mostly originated from religious rites and practices, each emanating from a particular myth. As a matter of fact, these rites constitute the practical perspectives of people’s mythological beliefs and convictions. The reason why some of these ancient myths are still working is that they are still functioning in the daily lives of people. It seems that with the decline of their sacredness and popularity they start to disappear from the lives of the people. The "Tirmā Sizzệ Šu", the night of the 13th of Teer in the Persian solar calendar, festival is taken to be a remnant of the ancient Persian ritual festival of Teergan. This festival is still celebrated in certain regions of Iran, especially in the north of the country. Amongst different reasons that gave a relatively permanent life to this festival in the north of the country are the special geographical as well as environmental influences. To this we should also add the religious and mythological beliefs of the people of the region. The authors will attempt to redefine some of the major reasons that gave a lasting life to these beliefs and myths. Keywords: myth, Tirmā Sizzệ Šu, festival, calendar, Mazandaran,
  • Consumer Price Index in the Month of Mordad of the Year 1399F

    Consumer Price Index in the Month of Mordad of the Year 1399F

    Consumer Price Index in the Month of Mordad of the Year 13991 Increase in National Point-to-Point Inflation Rate Point-to-Point Inflation rate refers to the percentage change in the price index in comparison with the corresponding month in the previous year. The point-to-point inflation rate in the month of Mordad2 of the year 1399 stood at 30.4 percent, that is to say, that the national households spent, on average, 30.4 percent higher than the month of Mordad of the year 1398 for purchasing “the same goods and services”. Moreover, in this month, the point-to-point inflation rate experienced a 3.5 percentage point increase in comparison with the previous month (Tir, the year 1399). The point-to-point inflation rate for the major groups of "food, beverages and tobacco" and "non-food items and services" were 26.0 percent (with a 5.0 percentage point increase) and 32.6 percent (with a 2.8 percentage point increase), respectively. This is while the point-to-point inflation rate for urban households stood at 30.6 percent, which has increased by 3.6 percentage points in comparison with the previous month. Moreover, this rate was 29.6 percent for rural households which increased by 3.7 percentage points in comparison with the previous month. Decrease in the Monthly National Households Inflation Rate The monthly inflation rate refers to the percentage change in the price index in comparison with the previous month. The monthly inflation rate in the month of Mordad of the year 1399 stood at 3.5 percent, which decreased by 2.9 percentage points in comparison with the previous month (Tir, the year 1399).