International Non-Governmental Organizations Action Conference for Sanctions Against South Africa

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Alternative title Notes and Documents - United Nations Centre Against ApartheidNo. 22/80 Author/Creator United Nations Centre against Apartheid; MacBride, Sean; Minty, Abdul S. Publisher United Nations, New York Date 1980-08-00 Resource type Reports Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) South Africa Coverage (temporal) 1980-00-00 Source Northwestern University Libraries Description Final Declaration of the Conference. Reports of the Commissions. A. Commission on aspects of military and nuclear collaboration with South Africa. B. Commission on economic sanctions against South Africa. C. Commission on social and cultural aspects. ANNEXES: I. Statements adopted at the opening plenary meetings on 30 June. II. Statements adopted at the closing plenary meeting on 3 July. III. Declaration of youth and student organizations participating in the Conference. IV. Messages from the United Nations. V. List of participants. Format extent 37 page(s) (length/size)

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http://www.aluka.org NOTES AND DOCUMENTS*

NOTES AND DOCUMENTS* August 1980 INTERNATIONAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ACTION CONFERENCE FOR SANCTIONS AGAINST SOUTH AFRICA ,Geneva, 30 June - 3 July 1980) President: Mr. Sean MacBride, S.C. Rapporteur: Mr. Abdul S. Minty *NOTE: This issue contains the final documents of the International NonGovernmental Organizations Action Conference for Sanctions against South Africa. The Conference was organized by the Non-Governmental Organizations Sub-Committee on Racism, Racial Discrimination, Apartheid and Decolonization, in co-operation with the United Nations Special Committee against Apartheid. 22/80 * All material in these notes and documents may be freely reprinted. Acknowledgement, together with a copy of the publication containing the reprint, would be appreciated. 80-20812

CONTENTS PAGE I. Final Declaration of the Conference 1 II. Reports of the Commissions 4 A. Commission on aspects of military and nuclear 4 collaboration with South Africa B. Commission on economic sanctions against South Africa 9 C. Commission on social and cultural aspects 14 ANNEXES I. Statements adopted at the opening plenary meetings on 30 1T June. II. Statements adopted at the closing plenary meeting on 3 19 July III. Declaration of youth and student organizations partici- 23 pating in the Conference IV. Messages from the United Nations 24 V. List of participants 26

I. FINAL DECLARATION OF THE CONFERENCE 1. The International Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Action Conference for Sanctions against South Africa takes place at a crucial time in the struggle for liberation in southern Africa. 2. The triumph of the people of Zimbabwe, after a long and heroic struggle, has further isolated the apartheid regime in South Africa and dramatically altered the balance of forces in southern Africa. The liberation of Namibia and South Africa has become a matter of utmost priority for the African people and all governments and peoples committed to the eradication of colonialism and racism from this globe. 3. The independence of Zimbabwe has coincided with the intensification of the liberation struggle in Namibia and South Africa with a view to destroying the last bastions of racism and colonialism in Africa. The major victories scored by South West Africa Peoples' Organization (SWAPO) guerrillas against the apartheid forces, as well as the massive national upsurge of resistance inside South Africa involving students, workers and other sections of the oppressed black population are a clear demonstration of the fact that the initiative has passed decisively to the African people. The armed struggle against the apartheid regime in South Africa has greatly advanced, as exemplified by the recent attack against the SASOL oil installations by the freedom fighters of the African National Congress (ANC). The Pretoria r6gime despite all its arms, has become highly vulnerable to the heroic and determined resistance of the oppressed people of South Africa and Namibia4. Meanwhile, the oppressed people of South Africa have launched a nationwide campaign for the release of Nelson Mandela and all political prisoners as an indispensable means toward the elimination of apartheid and the establishment of a democratic Government in South Africa. SWAPO and the front-line States have taken new initiatives for the independence of Namibia through rree and fair elections under the supervision and control of the United Nations. 5. But the apartheid regime has spurned all demands for peaceful solutions, and is resorting to ever more desperate and ruthless measures in order to preserve the apartheid system in South Africa, to perpetuate the illegal occupation of the international territory of Namibia and to establish a so-called "constellation of States" to acquire hegemony in the region. 6. It has again resorted to brutal terror to suppress the mass upsurge of the South African people, killing and maiming school-children, and detaining numerous workers and others. 7. It has launched a series of armed attacks against Angola and Zambia, causing enormous loss of life, and occupied territories of these African States. It has threatened all neighbouring States which support the liberation movements and has engaged in efforts to destabilize them. 8. The enormous military might acquired by the Pretoria regime has encouraged and enabled it to rely increasingly on the use of force in South Africa and beyond its borders, thus causing an even greater menace to peace.

9. The Pretoria regime is still able to acquire supplies of military equipment, ammunition and technology, despite the mandatory arms embargo instituted by the United Nations Security Council in November 1977. Indeed, as the decisions on the arms embargo have become relatively stronger over the years, the conspiracy to keep South Africa supplied with vital war material through devious black-market and other arrangements has also deepened. Despite repeated revelations of major violations of the arms embargo, the Governments concerned have shown no willingness to take necessary action to close the existing loopholes, punish the culprits and strengthen the embargo. 10. The Pretoria regime has not only expanded its war machine but has embarked, in order to blackmail and intimidate the African States and the rest of the world, on an ambitious nuclear-weapon programme. It has today achieved an advanced nuclear capability and its nuclear collaborators still continue under various pretences to provide the technology and equipment required to perfect an apartheid bomb. 11. The enormous military and nuclear threat posed by the apartheid r6gime to Africa and the world has been made possible by the direct external assistance it receives from a number of Western Powers - particularly the United Kingdom, France, the Federal Republic of Germany and the United States of America - and foreign economic interests over many years. A nefarious role is also played by Israel, and the apartheid r6gime has developed links with fascist States in other continents. These Powers and interests share a major responsibility for apartheid South Africa's present destructive capability. By blocking or contravening all effective measures against the apartheid r6gime these States encourage that r6gime to pursue its aggressive and expansionist ambitions with impunity. 12. Certain North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Powers and their collaborators are, moreover, surreptitiously strengthening their links with South Africa, considering it an ally in the cold war and in efforts to perpetuate their interests in southern Africa. 13. The hypocrisy of the major Western Powers in professing commitment to peaceful change must be exposed. They persistently refuse to support peaceful measures such as sanctions which can make a major contribution to bringing about real and speedy change in southern Africa and reduce violence and suffering in the process of liberation. In this connexion te three Western permanent members of the Security Council, the United Kingdom, France and the United States of America, deserve particular condemnation for constantly abusing their veto power to block all meaningful action against the apartheid r6gime. 14. While they speak of support for peaceful change, they act in total support of the apartheid regime and enable it to survive. They actively bolster the apartheid regime with every resource it needs, including military equipment and ammunition, thereby encouaging it to continue and expand its brutal war against the African people. Their actions threaten to provoke a major racial conflict in Africa that could easily develop into a global confrontation with grave implications for the future of mankind. 15. It is, therefore, vital and urgent that all Governments and peoples committed to peace and freedom should take urgent and firm action to end all collaboration with the apartheid regime, to isolate it totally and to provide all necessary support to the national liberation movements of South Africa and Namibia. 16. The apartheid r6gime cannot be persuaded to abandon racism, nor can apartheid be reformed. The system of apartheid must be destroyed. Only then can the independence and sovereignty of neighbouring African States be truly secure and the millions of oppressed Africans freed from the tyranny and terror of the apartheid rigime. 17. Sanctions against South Africa are the most effective means by which the international community can support the struggle for liberation in South Africa and Namibia. 18. All those who value peace and freedom should, therefore, be mobilized in support of an international programme of comprehensive mandatory sanctions against apartheid South Africa. The heroic struggle of the people of South Africa and Namibia can triumph with effective support by the international community and thereby avert a grave danger to world peace. An active mobilization of all the forces committed to freedom and peace can stop the collaborators of apartheid from precipitating a catastrophic conflict. 19. Campaigns must be organized to ensure that the United Nations Security Council adopts a programme of comprehensive mandatory sanctions against apartheid South Africa. 20. The mandatory arms embargo should be strengthened and made more comprehensive and all forms of military and nuclear collaboration with the apartheid regime ended. There must be constant vigilance against violations of the embargo and the culprits punished. 21. There must be a complete cessation of all nuclear collaboration with South Africa. 22. An effective oil embargo must be implemented as a matter of utmost urgency. An oil embargo is an indispensable complement to the arms embargo as the oil supplies facilitate the South African military and police operations against the oppressed people of South Africa and Namibia and against all neighbouring countries. The embargoes instituted by OPEC members and other oil-producing countries must be effectively policed, so as to prevent the oil companies and tanker companies from continuing to undermine the embargoes. 23. External economic collaboration with the Pretoria rigime - in the form of trade, investment and transfer of finance capital, technology and know-how effectively serves to bolster the apartheid system and helps to assure its survival. Transnational corporations and other interests also operate as a powerful propaganda and lobby force for the Pretoria r4gime and as the enemies of liberation. Comprehensive economic sanctions against South Africa are, therefore, an essential component of international action against apartheid. 24. The isolation of South Africa must be total and boycotts should cover diplomatic relations, shipping and airline links, sport, culture, academic and scientific co-operation and all other relations with the apartheid system. 25. The United Nations Decree for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia, including uranium, must be effectively enforced by all countries.

26. Closest links must be forged between all committed Governments and organizations in order to counter all collaborators with the apartheid regime and to secure comprehensive, mandatory and universally applied sanctions against apartheid. 27. The Conference, therefore, appeals to all parliaments, political parties, trade unions, religious bodies, anti-apartheid and solidarity movements, peace movements, organizations of youth, students and women, those engaged in the mass media, social, cultural and other bodies, and all other organizations, institutions and individuals to join in the campaign for sanctions against South Africa as a matter of utmost urgency. 2b. It invites the co-operation of the United Nations, the non-aligned movement, the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and all committed Governments in this campaign against the collaborators with the apartheid regime. 29. It welcomes the decision of the United Nations to organize, in co-operation with the OAU, an International Conference on Sanctions against South Africa and pledges fullest co-operation to ensure its success. 30. The Conference calls for full support to the national liberation movements of South Africa and Namibia in their legitimate struggle by all means of their choice. It declares its full solidarity with the front-line States in this crucial period. 31. It sends its greetings and conveys its solidarity to all those struggling in South Africa and Namibia for the noble ideals enshrined in the South African Programme of Action of 1949, the Freedom Charter of 1955 and the declarations of the OAU, the non-aligned movement and the United Nations. II. REPORTS OF THE COMMISSIONS A. Commission of aspects of military and nuclear collaboration with South Africa 1. This Commission' received general statements and information from the representatives of the ANC and SWAPO on the topic of the Commission and an introductory paper was presented by the ANC entitled "On Military, Nuclear Collaboration and Supply of Oil". 2. The representative of the ANC pointed out the trend towards the total militarization of South Africa. The State apparatus and the economy of South Africa are rapidly coming under complete and direct military control. 3. The entire economy of South Africa can be placed under military control in times of crisis, a crisis being defined by the military itself. Furthermore, almost every transnational corporation (TNC) in South Africa is also engaged in military manufacturing within that country. The economic and military aspects of the South African society cannot be separated and consequently the most effective arms embargo must go hand in hand with effective economic sanctions.

-5- 4. The militarization of South Africa is part of the overall strategy of the Western Powers who are unwilling to give up their profitable enterprises or their access to the wealth of natural resources in South Africa or anywhere else in the region. South Africa's military might is used in the first place against the national liberation movements of South Africa and Namibia who are waging their just struggle for freedom, democracy and national independence. The Commission was informed by the representative of SWAPO that 70,000 South African troops illegally occupy their country and that this war against his people costs the South African regime 3 million Rand per day. Obviously, this criminal war is not a small or limited effort. 5. Secondly, South Africa is used as a "shock force" of the Western Powers in the entire region and particularly against the frontFline States. The close collaboration between NATO and South Africa, and the plan to establish a South Atlantic Treaty Organization is cited as evidence of this. The development of the South African Navy, recently equipped with the most modern missile system, is part of this global plan. All of South Africa acts as a military base of operations and is presently used against the front-line States, as the most recent invasion of the People's Republic of Angola demonstrates. 6. The participants in the Commission felt that it is in this context, of South Africa's internal repression and external aggression and occupation, that military and nuclear collaboration with that regime must be understood and therefore fought against. The United States of America, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Canada, Belgium, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Israel, and others were named as collaborators with the South African military authorities. This collaboration was strongly condemned. 7. Due to international public abhorrence of apartheid, certain actions have been taken, such as an arms embargo. However, as pointed out by the representative of the ANC and many other participants, arms trade and licensing, in all their forms, are increasing. In 1977, 55 per cent of South Africa's weapons budget was spent abroad, and this figure, according to all information, has not diminished since. The point is that, in spite of the formal acceptance by the Western powers of the mandatory arms embargo, they are still arming South Africa. Rather extensive information was presented to support this, specifically the well-documented cases of Space Research Corporation and Philips. 8. The terms of the embargo are weak and it has come very late, due to the determined opposition of the major Western powers over many years. However, if this partial mandatory embargo had been implemented strictly it would have seriously undermined the apartheid military forces and made much of its equipment non-operational. The formal acceptance of the embargo offers certain positive effects. It prevents open arms trade and offers the opportunity, at least, for mobilizing efforts to bring about some kind of punitive action. One case was cited of a Danish shipping corporation whinh resorted to outright smuggling, name-changes of its ships on the high seas, false log books, etc., in its shipment of military goods to South Africa. The Commission was categorically informed by a representative of the Danish Mission in Geneva that an investigation is under way and that the Danish Government would spare no effort in guaranteeing its swift and thorough completion.

-6- 9. The problem is that even the terms of the present weak and partial embargo resolution are being violated without'effective and quick corrective action being taken by the Gvernments concerned or the Security Council, There is no effective monitoring or enforcement machinery and in its absence it is virtually left to the anti-apartheid and solidarity organizations, and the Southern African liberation movements, to try to ensure that the arms embargo is implemented. 10. The main point for the participants was that enforcement must be fought for on the national level. Efforts must be made to enact national legislation to enforce the embargo strictly. And it was pointed out that national legislation can be more comprehensive than United Nations resolutions. In those countries which do have such legislation, efforts must be made to strengthen them, especially with regard to penalties. Presently, penalties are so mild they do not act as a deterrent, they do not challenge the profitability of the arms trade with the apartheid r6gime. 11. The need for better co-operation, co-ordination and increased exchanges of information between the national anti-apartheid and solidarity organizations, the non-governmental organizations, the liberation movements of southern Africa, the Special Committee against Apartheid and the World Campaign against Military and Nuclear Collaboration with South Africa was stressed as being necessary for achieving enforcement of the embargo. Given the international character of the arms trade and of the transnational corporations, such co-operation is necessary. Specifically, when certain violations are exposed and reported, as has happened in Security Council reports, there must be the concerted national efforts to take advantage of the situation. It was urged that parliamentary struggle is critical in this regard and that such issues should be raised in the legislative bodies of the concerned countries. It was felt, that given the general public opinion on South Africa, pressure for such parliamentary action could be organized. 12. The Commission urged that a step towards the enforcement of the embargo and further co-operation to that end is research and review of existing national legislation that could be used for the enforcement of the embargo. For instance, many countries have a list of strategic goods which cannot be sold to particular countries determined by certain criteria, but their application in the case of South Africa is inadequate. Legislation in this area needs to be strengthened. Law suits agaihst one's Government for violating the embargo and other actions were also suggested. 13. All the participants stressed the extreme urgency in achieving enforcement of the present embargo, and the strengthening of the mandatory arms embargo of 1977. 14. The definition of arms and related materials must be specifically expanded and delineated. This definition must cover the entire range of such items. For instance, any and all components, no matter how innocent in isolation, civilian goods which have any potential military use such as computers, communications equipment, etc., oil and all nuclear related equipment,training, information or technology need to be covered. Furthermore, any goods which are supplied to the South African army or security forces, such as blankets, food, clothes, etc., should be included in the embargo.

-7- 15. It was felt that the Darent company must be held responsible for any violation of the embargo, whether in terms of manufacturing, sales or licensing by any of its plants within South Africa or anywhere else in the world. The original licenser must bear the ultimate responsibility but any and all sub-licensers must also be held responsible for any violation of the embargo regarding licenses or other transfers of know-how and technology. 16. The oil embargo is an essential part of the arms embargo given the central role of oil in South Africa's military machine. The Commission received information indicating that the oil embargo imposed by the Oil Producing and Exporting Countries (OPEC) and other oil producing countries needs to be effectively policed. The Commission was informed about reports of Norwegian tankers carrying large quantities of oil to South Africa. 17. As in the case of the arms embargo, actions on the oil embargo must be co- ordinated and carried on in consultation with the liberation movements of southern Africa. 18. Regarding the discussions on nuclear collaboration with the apartheid regime, despite the brevity of proposals, all the participants stressed the absolutely critical nature of the problem given the fascist and warlike nature of that rogime. The Report of the United Nations Seminar on Nuclear Collaboration with South Africa of February 1979 was commended, and all possible action was urged to guarantee its immediate consideration by the United Nations Security Council. Some participants pointed out that the Western Powers, including the United States of America, the Federal Republic of Germany, France and others are violating the Non-Proliferation Treaty by collaborating with South Africa. Furthermore, this blatantly violates the arms embargo. The Commission recognized that in addition to the Western Powers, Israel is playing a major role in helping to develop South Africa's nuclear and military capability. The Commission underlined that Israel's collaboration with South Africa is very dangerous and that it should be exposed, condemned and fought against. An end to all nuclear collaboration, whether equipment, technology or information, including an end to alleged "peaceful" nuclear technology, etc., must be achieved. The participants also stressed the importance of the distribution of information and research like that published by the Anti-Apartheid Movement, "Answer to the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany on Military-Nuclear Collaboration in South Africa", and urged other national groups to begin similar research. 19. All the participants stressed the importance, even at this late date, of taking all possible steps to prevent the shipment of nuclear equipment, including the nuclear reactors from France to the South African Koeberg projects. Also, it was suggested that advantage be taken of the upcoming World Conference of the United Nations Decade for Women in Copenhagen and of the World Parliament of Peoples for Peace, organized by the World Peace Council, to be held in Sofia this September, to disseminate information and mobilize public opinion against nuclear collaboration. 20. The Commission welcomed the proposal for an international convention to prohibit the recruitment of mercenaries for South Africa, which has been initiated at the United Nations. One participant informed the Commission that mercenaries were not only used in Zimbabwe, but that the South African regime is employing mercenaries now in occupying Namibia and in its invasion of Angola. Specifically, those fighting against Angola under South African employment were under the command of Jonas Savimbi. It was pointed out that many States have laws prohibiting their nationals from fighting in a foreign army and that national anti-apartheid organizations could use these laws to prevent the recruitment of mercenaries in their countries. Furthermore, additional legislation should be enacted prohibiting the advertising, recruitment or training of mercenaries. 21. The Commission urged all support and encouragement to South African war resisters. Since the start of the war in Namibia, more than 1,000 South African troops have refused to fight and have fled the country. The case of Peter Moll, who is imprisoned in South Africa, was mentioned and support for him was encouraged. Governments should be urged to allow easy access and settlement for these war resisters. Groups have been established in some countries to assist these individuals. This is a positive development, and again, all efforts should be carried out in consultation with the liberation movements of Southern Africa and Namibia and the national anti-apartheid organizations. 22. Tbe participants also felt that all freedom fighters in southern Africa and Namibia should be granted prisoner-of-war status according to the new Geneva protocols. In the Netherlands and Ireland, lawyers are signing petitions for precisely this. It was urged that such a petition campaign, supporting South African freedom fighters' rights to prisoner-of-war status, be extended to other coivtries. 23. In all discussions and proposals the importance of guaranteeing mass involvement in the anti-apartheid struggle was underlined. Specifically, an- iapartheid organizations must develop the means or forms that would facilitate participation by the broadest and most representative sectors of the public. Campaigns on the theme "Who gives arms to the Racists?", questionnaires, petitions, law suits, speaking tours, cultural activities, educational activity and the press must all be utilized. In particular, in order to achieve effective pressurz, trade unions must be involved. 24. The petition campaigns organized by the irish and British Anti-Apartheid Movements against nuclear collaboration with South Africa should be followed by similar campaigns in other countries. Information about South Africa's nuclear capability should be widely distributed and the publication issued by the World Campaign on this subject is an invaluable booklet for this purpose. 25. The participants welcomed the proposal made by the Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization in their paper "How to isolate the apartheid rigime nationally and internationally", to the organizers of this Conference for an international special seminar on the mass media as a tool to expose the militarization and nuclearization of South Africa. 26. Similarly, the Commission welcomed the forthcoming United Nations/ Organization of African Unity International Conference on Sanctions against South Africa and urged the organizers to ensure the participation of the national liberation organizations and of the anti-partheid and non-governmental organizations in that conference. It must be ensured that adequate documentation about the operation of the mandatory arms embargo is prepared for this conference.

276 Also throughout all the discussions of the Commission the need was stressed for better co-ordination and exchange of information. Special attention should also be paid to how best to distribute on a wider basis available research and information. In this, it was suggested to improve the communications between the national and anti-apartheid organizations with the World Campsign and the Special Committee on Aartheid. Z4, Lastly, the Commission underlined that all campaigns and efforts should be raged in the context of rendering effective aid to the national liberation movements. An effective arms embargo would greatly advance the cause of freedom, democracy, national independence and world peace. B. Comission on economic sanctions aainst South Africa 29. Commission II of the International Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Action Conference for Sanctions against South Africa met in three plenary sessions on 1 and 2 July 1980. 30. The Commission was charged with the responsibility of examining the extent and nature of economic collaboration with apartheid South Africa and formulating proposals for action aimed to secure the imposition of comprehensive and mandatory economic sanctions against South Africa. 31. The Commission was chaired by Mr. Richard Foggie, Assistant General Secretary of the British Fire Brigades Unions and Mr. Michael Terry of the British AntiApartheid Movement served as Rapporteur. Representatives of three international trade-union federations participating in the international conference - the OrganiZation of African Trade Union Unity, the World Federation of Trade Unions and the World Confederation of Labour - were elected to serve on the Drafting Commission. 32. The Commission commenced its deliberations with contributions from representatives of the African National Congress of South Africa and SWAPO of Namibia who reiterated their appeal to the international community for the total isolation of South Africa and gave extensive evidence of the means by which foreign economic collaboration with South Africa directly aids South Africa in maintaining its illegal occupation of Namibia and in ruthlessly imposing its policy of a~hei on the people of South Africa. The representatives of the liberation movements stressed that economic and other sanctions against South Africa were complementary to the liberation struggle and should not be perceived of as an alternative. 33. The Commission expressed its gratitude to a number of organizations and individuals -.to presented reports and background papers which were of assistance to it in its deliberations. 34. A number of specific matters were raised during contributions by participants in the Commission including:

-10- (a) the investment of South African capital overseas to enable South Africa to gain access to strategic commodities such as petroleum; (b) the use of vessels sailing under "Flags of 0onvenience" to supply oil and other commodities to South Africa, thus effectivelr preventing any national control over the activities of such vessels; (c) the development by South Africa of petroleum subs-zitutes and additives in addition to oil-from-coal through the trnsfer of technology and "knzw-hov" by TiNCs and other interests; (d) the discovery of oil by the Etosha Petroleum Compa, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brilund Corporation of Liechtenstein, during test drilling near the Etosha Pan in northern Namibia, and the interest taken in the exploration for and exploitation of oil in that area by Superior Oil Company of Texas; (e) the extensive relations between member States of the European Economic Community (EEC) and South Africa and meetings between representatives of the EEC Commission and the apartheid r6gime, including reports that South Africa has been granted favourable concessions in respect of imports of steel and agricultural products to the EEC; (f) the development of joint investment and other similar projects by South African interests with institutions in a number of States, including the major Western lrwers and Israel, in order to disguise the point of origin of South African products; and (g) the effect of the massive rise of the price of gold which has directly benefited the apartheid economy, in particular in respect both of its balance of payments and the supply of foreign exchange. 35. Participants in the Commission congratulated the African National Congress of South Africa and its military wing Umkonto we Sizwe for the successful operation carried out against the SASOL installations as well as other operations against economic and other strategic targets in South Africa. The participants, furthermore, congratulated SWAPO for its recent successful attack carried out against the Kunene hydro-electric system at Rucana. 36. Participants also welcomed the action of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the United Republic of Tanzania as well as other African States for their retaliatory action against TNCs and banks which persist in collaborating with the Pretoria regime. The participants expressed the hope that other States would follow suit. 37. The Commission unanimously resolved to: () intensify the international campaign for the implementation of comprehensive and mandatory economic sanctions by the United Nations Security Council under Chapter VII of the Charter. It recognized that South Africa's continuing acts of aggression against the frontline States, its illegal occupation of Namibia, and the policy of apartheid itself, all constitute a threat to international peace and security; -11- (ii) condemn the three Western permanent members of the United Nations Security Council who abuse their power of veto by persistently blocking all forms of mandatory economic action against South Africa, as well as all other which persist in expanding their economic relations with South Africa; (1i4) totally reject the contention, reflected in the Sullivan Code, the EEC Code of conduct and similar codes, that TNCs and other foreign corporations operating in South Africa can become instruments for the promotion of freedom and equality through their economic involvement in South Africa; (In addition, the actions by Ford, Volkswagen and Goodyear in firing and locking out black employees struggling for changes in the workplace underscore the irrelevance of these codes). (iv) similarly reject the suggestion that "selective sanctions" are a sufficient and adequate response to the liberation struggle in southern Africa. 38. The Commission agreed to focus particular attention on three areas of economic collaboration, namely: the role of TNCs in South Africa; the supply of oil and other strategic commodities to South Africa; the provision of loans and other forms of finance capital to the apartheid regime. 39. The Commission proposed the following forms of action on these three specific areas: Action against TNC operations in South Africa (a) the widest possible distribution of the Report, Declaration and papers of the International Seminar on the Role of Transnational Corporations in South Africa, held in London from 2 to 4 November 1979; (b) the compilation of comprehensive and up-to-date lists of all TNCs and foreign companies operating in South Africa and Namibia; (c) the production by the United Nations Centre against Apartheid of specific material relating to the importing of coal and other raw materials from South Africa and Namibia, together with the organization of action by Governments, trade unions and anti-apartheid and solidarity movements to stop such deliveries; (d) the extension of campaign against immigration to South Africa to include the transfer of personnel by TNCs to South Africa as a contribution towards halting the exchange of technology and "know-how"; (e) the co-ordination of campaigns to expose the role of TNCs in South Africa in order to secure their withdrawal from South Africa and a halt to the promotion of trade with South Africa by TNCs. Action against the supply of oil and other strategic commodities to South Africa (a) the intensification of the international campaign to secure the imposition of a mandatory oil embargo against South Africa by the United Nations Security Council under Chapter VII of the Charter; (b) action to ensure the effective implementation of the oil embargoes imposed by OPEC members, OAPEC and the OAU by the introduction, where necessary, of -12- national legislation and by the adoption of measures to ensure that such legislation will be enforced; by the enforcement of "end-user" agreements to stop the supply of oil to South Africa directly or through "third parties"; and by the monitoring of the movement of oil by trade unionists and others in the oil producing and trans- shipment countries, on oil tankers and other sectors of transport and in the oil companies together with anti-apartheid and solidarity movements; () action to secure the effective implementation of oil embargoes against South Africa by oil exporting and oil refining and transmitting countries which have refused to support such embargoes as well as action in the countries where the oil companies which supply oil to South Africa are based or operate; (d) action to stop the development of oil from coal and other petroleum substitutes and additives in South Africa through campaigns to stop the supply of loans and other forms of "know-how", and to force the withdrawal of foreign corporations currently involved in such developments, in particular the Fluor Corporation of the United States of America and companies of the Federal flepu0lic of Germany, for example, Lurgi; (e) action to prohibit the importation of alternative energy technologies from South Africa, with particular emphasis on the transfer of SASOL oilfrom-coal technology to industrialized countries; (f) further investigation of the efforts of South African corporate interests to expand their holdings in oil companies and/or properties outside South Africa, and to make every effort to prevent such expansion and acquisition; (g) the immediate launching of an international campaign against all TNCs involved in prospecting, drilling or extracting oil in all areas under the jurisdiction of the United Nations Council for Namibia or off-shore Namibia beyond the jurisdiction of the Council, since such operations are not only in defiance of United Nations Decree No. I but would seriously undermine the prospects for an effective oil embargo against South Africa. Action to halt the provision of loans and other forms of finance capital to the apartheid regime (a) the intensification of existing campaigns against those banks which provide loans to South Africa auch as Credit Lyonnais and Banque D'Indochine et de Suez (France), Citibank, Bank of America, First National Bank of Chicago (United States of America), Credit Suisse, Union Bank of Switzerland, Swiss Banking Corporation (Switzerland) Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, Dresdner Bank (Federal Republic of Germany), Royal Bank of Canada, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (Canada), Hill Samuel, Midland Bank (United Kingdom), Soci6t6 G6nfrale de Belgique (Belgium), and in particular the campaigns against those banks with extensive operations in South Africa such as Barclays and Standard Chartered with the aim of severing all banking links with South Africa. (b) tne organization or investigations of, and campaigns against, banks involved in South African trade financing. In addition, action should be

-13- undertaken to stop all Government trade programmes from providing any assistance to South African related trade, and to assure the effective application of such measures in those States which adopt any such restrictions or prohibitions. (c) campaigns against sales of kruggerands: (d) the commissioning of a study on South African gold to be published by the United Nations Centre against Apartheid which should examine in particular the manipulation of the international supply and pricing of gold by South Africa, and the use of South Africa's gold supplies as the basis for propaganda falsely alleging that South Africa is no longer dependent on foreign capital and therefore not vulnerable to the international campaign to end bank loans to South Africa; (e) concerted campaigns to bring pressure on member States of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank to take all necessary action to terminate loans and credits to South Africa and to end all other forms of collaboration including the expulsion of South Africa from the IMF and the World Bank; (f) immediate action to secure the termination of all relations between the United Nations and its Specialized Agencies with banks which provide loans to South Africa; (g) special campaigns to expose the growing role played by foreign banking institutions in the militarization of South Africa; (h) investigation of the investments of the United Nations Pension Fund in banks and companies investing in South Africa and action in light of the appropriate United Nations General Assembly resolutions. 40. The Commission also endorsed a number of proposals which were made in relation to the general campaign for the implementation of economic sanctions against South Africa as follows: (a) the need to ensure informed and educated public opinion through the production of campaign material including leaflets, pamphlets, etc. (b) increased action by national and international trade union organizations to secure the implementation of the resolutions of the 1973 and 1977 International Conferences of Trade Unions against Apartheid; (c) the necessity for the OAU and its member States to implement the OAU resolutions for an effective ban on the entry into their air space and ports of all flights and all ships to or from South Africa; (d) the need for various kinds of action to support the direct or indirect implementation of United Nations Decree No. I for the protection of all natural resources of Namibia, particularly to prevent the plundering of Namibia's mineral resources. In this context the Commission welcomed both the United Nations Council of Namibia's Hearings on Uranium and the International Conference in Solidarity with the Struggle of the People of Namibia taking place in Paris, France, from 11 to 13 September 1980;

-114- (e) action to end the abuse of "Flags of Convenience" which enable vessels to supply oil and other commodities to South Africa without the possibility of any effective national control; in light of United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) policy to end "Flags of Convenience" and the opposition from business, shipping and other interests to this change, NGOs should where appropriate make representations regarding this issue in respect of its implications for the enforcement of economic, sanctions against South Africa; (f) the proposal that the United Nations and OAU should organize an action seminar for representatives, in particular from trade union organizations from countries which maintain economic relations with South Africa, in order to plan practical action by trade unionists to ensure the application of economic sanctions against South Africa. 41. In conclusion, the Commission recognized that a much greater priority had to be given to the mobilization of support for sanctions at a local, national and international level through the involvement of all forms of nongovernmental organizations including trade unions, political parties, youth and student organizations, Christian and other religious bodies, ethnic minority and indigenous people's organizations, women's organizations and professional bodies, as well as the anti-apartheid and solidarity movements. 42. However, the Commission also recognized that Member States of the United Nations which supported the imposition of economic sanctions against South Africa had to begin to consider the means by which they could effectively challenge the abuse of the power of the veto by the three permanent Western members of the United Nations Security Council and in this context in particular welcomed the iniative of the United Nations and 0AU in convening the International Conference on Sanctions against South Africa. 43. The Commission expressed its confidence that in the new situation in Southern Africa there exist renewed possibilities for the implementation of sanctions against South Africa by the international community. The total isolation of South Africa would be the most constructive contribution which the international community can make to create the conditions for the liberation of Namibia and the establishment of a non-racial and demC 2ratic South- Africa as envisaged in the "Freedom Charter". C. Commission on social and cultural aspects 44. Commission III considered the issue of sanctions against the vast array of social and cultural contacts with apartheid. 45. The Commission received papers prepared on the sports boycott by Dennis Brutus, on the cultural boycott by the American Committee on Africa and on South African propaganda by the International University Exchange Fund (IUEF). 46. In the oral statements received, the members of the Commission underlined the critical political and psychological importance which the South African rqegime attaches to social and cultural ties. The South African Government spends

-15- tens of millions of dollars to promote its racist propaganda, to host sporting events, to fund church meetings, to hold cultural exchanges, host influential visitors, promote tourism and immigration, etc., all to win greater acceptability for its abominable system, particularly and almost exclusively, in the Western countries. 4T. The importance which South Africa attaches to these links cannot be overestimated. The revelations of "Muldergate" serve as a reminder of the lengths to which the South African Government will go to win friends and destroy its opponents. Moreover, the endless parade of cosmetic, minor adjustments to aspects of "petty" apartheid testify to the seriousness with which South Africa takes the international boycott in the social and cultural sphere. 48. The fundamental facts remain the same: South Africa continues to operate virtually all social and cultural activities on a racial basis and NGO's must call for total social and cultural sanctions against the racist regime. It was stressed that the efforts for total isolation of racist South Africa must be seen within the context of providing full support to the national liberation movement in the struggle for a free, democratic and non-racial society in South Africa and Namibia. 49. While it is freely noted that the social and cultural boycott of South Africa is of secondary priority to breaking the economic and military links, nevertheless, a number of critical strategic points should be considered on the importance of action to break the social and cultural links to apartheid: - social, cultural, sports and religious activities are all an integral element in the identity of the liberation struggle in South Africa. Action to isolate racist, social and cultural links are an expression of our solidarity with those struggling for total liberation. - South Africa is extremely, and perhaps uniquely, vulnerable to action taken in this sphere. For example, sport is said to be the mass religion of white South Africa. International rejection therefore strikes a clear and direct blow at the mentality of white supremacy. - Direct action taken by the NGO's in this area can often have both immediate and effective results. Performers have been. stopped from going to South Africa, while the isolation of South Africa in international amateur competition is virtually complete. - Because of the conspicuous, mass nature of these activities, the widespread publicity generated by campaigns in this area may far exceed the relative importance of the issue at stake. This provides a unique opportunity for the anti-apartheid movement because campaigns in this area have become a prime vehicle for mass public education on the issue of apartheid. In turn, the ability of these campaigns to significantly influence and mobilize public opinion against apartheid becomes a critical weapon in the arsenal of the antiapartheid movement for the support of total sanctions against South Africa. 50. In summary, the social and cultural isolation of apartheid is an integral aspect of the programme for sanctions against South Africa.

51. As was noted earlier, the number of social and cultural contacts with apartheid is vast, and the Commission could hardly begin to cover all aspects in the brief amount of time available. The issues can range from netball competition to the representation of the bantustans at the Miss World contest held in Australia. 52. However, the following provides a summary of the recommendations on the issues covered in the discussion. The Commission urges action to: - Send a note of protest to the British %vernment concerning the Lions Rugby tour of South Africa currently taking place, and to the British Sports Council for its recent action to undermine the boycott. Oppose the upcoming World Boxing Association heavyweight match between Gerrie Coetzee of South Africa and Dennis Weaver of the United States of America which will be held in Bophuthatswana in October. The Commission urges a personal message to be sent to Mr. Weaver urging him to withdraw and encourage action to stop international television coverage of the fight. - Urge all national organizations to protest the seizure of passport of M. N. Pather, honorary secretary of the South African Council on Sport. - Oppose the Springbok tour to New Zealand next year and French rugby plans to tour South Africa. - Oppose all tourism to South Africa, encouraging trade unions for example to refuse to co-operate with South Africa Airways and other airlines ferrying tourists to and from South Africa. Stop student and academic "study tours" to South Africa, training and university research programmes which assist South Africa to obtain critical technology and scientific know-how, and halt discriminatory advertisements and recruitment for academic and other posts in South Africa. - Cancel all cultural agreements and exchange of programmes entered into between Governments and the South African regime and expel South Africa from international cultural bodies. - Encourage artists, actors, journalists, writers, performers, musicians and sports personalties to publicly pledge that they will have no cultural associations with South Africa. - Urge all churches with direct ties to the racist Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa to sever those ties and urge protest against the recent trial of the 52 clergy sentenced for support of the recent student strikes. - Expose ever deeper levels of the secret South African propaganda plans in the mass media and the collaboration of the major news agencies. - Counter the distribution at no cost of publications of the South African Government to school systems and libraries. -16-

-17- 53. These actions proposed are but a beginning in promulgating the social and cultural boycott of apartheid. The Commission urges that these recommendations be forwarded for consideration by the United Nations/Organization of African Unity International Conference on Sanctions against South South Africa and upcoming international And national NQO con.erenes. ANNEX I STATEMENTS ADOPTED AT THE OPENING PLENARY MEETINGS ON 30 JUNE Message to the Organization of African Unity "ON BEHALF OF THE PARTICIPANTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL NGO ACTION CONFERENCE FOR SANCTIONS AGAINST SOUTH AFRICA, I EXTEND WARM GREETINGS TO HISTORIC OAU SUMMIT WHICH MEETS AT A CRUCIAL TIME FOR THE FUTURE OF SOUTHERN AFRICA. RECENT BRUTAL REPRESSION BY THE APARTHEID REGIME AGAINST SCHOOLCHILDREN, TRADE UNIONISTS, CHURCHMEN AND OTHER SOUTH AFRICAN LIBERATION FIGHTERS, AND ITS CRIMINAL ACTS OF AGGRESSION AGAINST ANGOLA ARE FURTHER PROOF OF ITS PROCLAIMED DETERMINATION TO RESORT TO MAXIMUM FORCE TO SMASH ALL INTERNAL OPPOSITION AND DESTROY EXTERNAL SUPPORT FOR LIBERATION STRUGGLE. THAT REGIME SEEKS NOT ONLY TO PERPETUATE APARTHEID SYSTEM IN SOUTH AFRICA AND MAINTAIN ITS ILLEGAL OCCUPATION OF NAMIBIA, BUT TO REVERSE HISTORIC GAINS MADE BY FORCES OF AFRICAN LIBERATION IN THE REGION. ITS CONSTANT RESORT TO ARMED FORCE AND ENORMOUS MILITARY BUILD UP, AND PLANS TO DEVELOP AN APARTHEID NUCLEAR BOMB REVEAL ITS TRUE AGGRESSIVE AMBITIONS AND CONSTITUTE AN EVER GROWING THREAT TO PEACE AND SECURITY OF AFRICA AND THE WORLD. "THE PRETORIA REGIME HAS SHOWN NO INTEREST IN GENUINE PEACEFUL CHANGE IN EITHER NAMIBIA OR SOUTH AFRICA. INSTEAD, IT RESORTS TO BRUTAL INTERNAL REPRESSION AND CONSTANT ARMED ATTACKS AGAINST THE FRONT-LINE STATES WHILE ENGAGING IN VARIOUS MANOEUVRES TO BUY TIME TO ENSURE ITS SURVIVAL. MAJOR WESTERN POWERS ARE ACTIVE ACCOMPLICES IN PRETORIA'S DECEITFUL SCHEMES SINCE THEY COLLABORATE WITH THE APARTHEID REGIME AND EFFECTIVELY BLOCK ALL MEANINGFUL INTERNATIONAL ACTION AGAINST IT. "WE DECLARE THAT ACTIONS OF THE APARTHEID REGIME AND ITS COLLABORATORS CONSTITUTE GRAVE THREAT TO INTERNATIONAL PEACE REQUIRING URGENT AND EFFECTIVE INTERNATIONAL ACTION. WE PLEDGE OUR FULL SUPPORT TO NATIONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENTS OF SOUTH AFRICA AND NAMIBIA AND CALL FOR IMMEDIATE COMPREHENSIVE MANDATORY SANCTIONS AGAINST SOUTH AFRICA. WE LOOK FORWARD TO CLOSEST CO-OPERATION WITH THE ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN UNITY AND THE UNITED NATIONS IN DEVELOPING JOINT ACTION FOR LIBERATION OF SOUTHERN AFRICA " - Sean MacBride, President

-18- Statement on acts of aggression by South Africa against front-line States Participants in the International NGO Action Conference for Sanctions against South Africa vehemently denounce the escalating acts of aggression by the South African racist regime against front-line States. The recent attacks against Angola, involving large-scale loss of life, have followed a series of acts of aggression against the Republic of Zambia. Coming soon after renewed efforts by the United Nations, front-line States States and SWAPO for a peaceful settlement in Namibia, these acts of aggression demonstrate clearly that the Pretoria regime has no intention to co-operate in a genuine peaceful settlement. It is using the talks by Western Powers to consolidate its oppression and to reverse the march of freedom in the region. The Western Powers, however, continue to protect the apartheid regime from any meaningful international action and increase their collaboration with it. The abstention of France, United Kingdom and the United States of America on the Security Council resolution of 27 June 1980 is, in effect, an act of support to the apartheid regime in its criminal and murderous actions. We call on all Governments and organizations to proclaim their full solidarity with the front-line States and SWAP0 and to give them all necessary assistance to resist and repel aggression by South Africa. We urge immediate action to enforce comprehensive mandatory sanctions against South Africa. We appeal to all organizations concerned to demand that the Western Powers cease their collaboration with South Africa and co-operate in international action for the liberation of Namibia and South Africa. Statement on resolution by the Netherlands Parliament on oil embargo against South Africa Participants in the International NGO Action Conference on Sanctions against South Africa - convened in Geneva by the NGO Sub-Committee on Racism, Racial Discrimination and Decolonization, in co-operation with the United Nations Special Committee against Apartheid and the southern African liberation movements recognized by the Organization of African Unity - warmly congratulate members of the Parliament of the Netherlands belonging to different political parties who voted to ensure the adoption of the resolution calling for an oil embargo by the Netherlands against South Africa. This resolution deals with an issue of vital significance for freedom in South Africa and Namibia and, when implemented, can make an important contribution to international peace and security, which are threatened by the barbaric apartheid regime. We hope that this action by the Netherlands Parliament will be followed by similar actions in other countries where Governments and economic interests are collaborating with the apartheid r6gime. -19- Statement on seizure of passport of Mr. M. N. Pather, Secretary-General of the South African Council of Sport Participants in the International NGO Action Conference for Sanctions against South Africa, condemn the action of the Security Branch of the South African Police in seizing the passport of Mr. M. N. Pather, SecretaryGeneral of the South African Council of Sport, (SACOS), on Friday 27 June 1980. Mr. Pather was due to leave for New York for consultations with the United Nations on behalf of SACOS, the federation of all non-racial sports bodies of South Africa. The action of the racist r6gime underlines the hypocrisy of so-called "reforms" in apartheid sport, which are used by some international sports bodies to continue sports exchanges with South Africa. We urge all organizations to denounce the seizure of the passport of Mr. Pather, to demand the immediate recall of the Lions rugby team from South Africa, and to call for an end to all sports contacts with South Africa. ANNEX II STATEMENTS ADOPTED AT THE CLOSING PLENARY MEETING ON 3 JULY Statement on solidarity with the people of Namibia The International NGO Action Conference for Sanctions against South Africa: (a) reaffirms its solidarity with the struggle of the Namibian people, led by their liberation movement, SWAPO, for freedom and genuine independence; (b) strongly condemns South Africa's continuing illegal occupation of Namibia in defiance of the judgement of the International Court of Justice and the resolutions of the United Nations Security Council and General Assembly; and (c) sends its militant greetings to SWAPO and its armed forces, the People's Liberation Army of Namibia, which are engaging South Africa's forces of occupation with growing success. it recognizes that South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia and its use of Namibia as a base for acts of aggression against the People's Republic of Angola and the Republic of Zambia are no longer a mere threat to peace but constitute a clear breach of international peace and security. It condemns, in particular, South Africa's: - massive and continuing invasion of the People's Republic of Angola; - large-scale build-up of military forces and installations in Namibia; - continuing repression and persecution of all opponents of the illegal occupation r6gime; - recent imposition of a so-called "Cabinet Council" and other aspects of the apparatus of an "internal settlement" regime in Namibia.

-20- It also recognizes that South Africa is able to persist in defying the international community, committing acts of aggression against the front-line States and carrying out numerous crimes against the Namibian people, because of the active collaboration and connivance of the major Western Powers, in particular the members of the so-called "Contact Group". It totally condemns: - the manipulation of the United Nations negotiations by the "Contact Group" in order to Impose on the people of Namibia a settlement which defends Western economic interests in Namibia and in the region as a whole; - the persistent refusal of these Western Powers, in particular the three Western permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (France, United Kingdom, and the United States of America), to support a determination that South Africa's occupation of Namibia is a "threat to international peace" and requires action under Chapter VII of the Charter; - the action of the three permanent members of the Security Council in abstaining on the Security Council Resolution of 27 June 1980 condemning South Africa's aggression against Angola, thereby encouraging South Africa to continue such aggression. It recognizes the urgent necessity for intensified international solidarity with the struggle of the Namibian people and calls for: - the total isolation and non-recognition of South Africa's illegal administration in Namibia; - the implementation of comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against South Africa; - increased material assistance and political support for the people of Namibia through SWAPO, their sole and authentic representative. It welcomes the initiative of SWAPO in convening the International Conference in Solidarity with the Struggle of the People of Namibia, to take place in Paris from 11 to 13 September 1980, and calls for the widest participation and fullest support for the success of the Conference. Statement on the campaign for the release of Nelson Mandela and other political prisoners in South Africa The International NGO Conference on Sanctions against South Africa declares its full support to the campaign initiated in South Africa for the release of Nelson Mandela and all other political prisoners. The unconditional release of leaders in prison and an amnesty to all political exiles is indispensable for enabling the people of South Africa to eliminate the system of apartheid and to establish a democratic State. The international community has, therefore, repeatedly called for an end to all repression and trials in South Africa; the abrogation of bans on the parties and organizations opposed to apartheid; the unconditional release of all

-21 persons imprisoned, detained, banished or subjected to banning orders for their struggle against apartheid; and an amnesty to all exiles. The Conference notes with satisfaction that the United Nations, as well as many Governments and organizations, have supported the campaign to free Mandela and other political prisoners. It considers that this campaign should be developed on the widest scale all over the world with the participation of all people. It further considers that there should be a simultaneous campaign for the release of Hermann Toivo ya Toivo and all other Namibian political prisoners. Towards this end, participants in the Conference undertake the following activities and invite all other organizations to plan similar activities: (1) Collect signatures for petitions to be sent to the United Nations on the International Day of Solidarity with South African Political Prisoners (11 October); (2) Encourage declarations by Parliaments, Parliament Members and prominent personalties; (3) Deputations to Governments to ask for active support of campaign; (4) Production and distribution of publicity material including badges, posters, T- shirts, stickers etc.; (5) organizing of meetings, pickets, photographic exhibitions, film shows, etc.; (6) Raising of contributions to International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa; (7) Sending of messages of support to Mrs. Mandela, the Sunday Post and Free Mandela Committees in South Africa; (8) Sending of greetings to Mr. and Mrs. Mandela on 18 July - the birthday of Nelson Mandela; (9) Informing the United Nations Special Committee against Apartheid and ANC Headquarters of all activities; (10) Addresses Mrs. Nomzano Winnie Mandela 802 Brandfort Location P.O. BRANDFORT 9400 Orange Free State South Africa The Editor Sunday Post P.O. Box 43004 Industria 2,000 Johannesburg South Africa

-22- United Nations Special Comnittee against Apartheid United Nations New York, N. Y. 10017 United States of America FREE NELSON MANDELA COMMITTEE P. o. Box 148060 Qualbert, 4078 South Africa Provisional Headquarters African National Congress of South Africa P. 0. Box 31971 Lusaka Zambia Text of British Anti-Apartheid Movement "Nelson Mandela Declaration" "We, the undersigned, declare our support for the release of Nelson Mandela and all South African political prisoners." Statement on the South African Freedom Charter The International NGO Action Conference for Sanctions against South Africa congratulates the African National Congress of South Africa on the occasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Freedom Charter. The Freedom Charter - imbued with noble principles of freedom, justice and peace - has not only been the programme of the South African liberation movement but has inspired the international solidarity movements in support of the struggle of the South African people for liberation. The Conference recalls that the South African racist r4gime charged the framers of the Charter with treason, thereby revealing its inhuman nature and its repugnance to all principles recognized by decent men and women everywhere. The Conference pays homage to all those who have given their lives in the struggle for the principles of the Freedom Charter. It pays tribute to all those who have suffered imprisonment, banishment, torture, exile and other forms of persecution in the non-violent campaigns and in the armed struggle for those principles. Participants in the Conference pledge their fullest support to the campaign to save the life of James Mange. They pledge their wholehearted support to the campaign for the release of Nelson Mandela and other political prisoners in order to enable them to contribute to the abolition of racist tyranny and the establishment of a democratic Government in South Africa.

-23- They hail the message of Nelson Mandela from prison to all patriots in South Africa. They assure him and all the patriots of South Africa, and their national liberation movement, of their unremitting efforts to isolate the South African r6gime, to stop the collaboration of its partners, and to support the liberation struggle until apartheid and racist domination are destroyed and the South African people as a whole exercise their right of self-determination. ANNEX III DECLARATION OF YOUTH AND STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS PARTICIPATING IN THE CONFERENCE We, the representatives of youth and student organizations, meeting in Geneva on 2 July 1980, express our great admiration for, and support to, the youth and students of South Africa and Namibia engaged in a heroic struggle under the leadership of their respective liberation movements, the ANC and SWAPO, against a racist minority rdgime. In Soweto and other townships in 1976,the youth and students of South Africa defied police batons and bullets to assert their right to freedom and equality, and thereby wrote a brilliant chapter in the history of the struggle of young people for justice. Again this year, they have risen all over South Africa to denounce the hypocrisy and crimes of the racist r gime. They have not only united all the oppressed youth - African, Coloured and Indian - but have forged links in struggle with the parents, teachers and trade unions. The students and youth have indeed made a tremendouse contribution to the resurgence of national resistance which will and must triumph with the enquivocal support of all the peoples of the world. We salute the fighting youth and students of South Africa and pledge them our solidarity and full support in their struggle. We pay homage to the many martyrs and vow that their supreme sacrifices shall not be in vain. We denounce the bestial terror unleashed by the racist regime and call for urgent international sanctions to destroy apartheid and punish the criminals.

-24- ANNEX IV MESSAGES FROM THE UNITED NATIONS Message by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Dr. Kurt Waldheim It gives me great pleasure to extend my greetings to the participants at this International Conference. The strong support and co-operation which non-governmental organizations give to the United Nations in furtherance of the objectives of the Charter has always been a source of encouragement to me. Such support has been particularly important in assisting our efforts to resolve the many urgent political, economic and social problems of our times. One area where NGO's have made an especially valuable contribution to our endeavours is in the combat against racial discrimination and apartheid. Today's conference is an example of the initiative which has been displayed by the NGO Sub-Committee on Racism, Racial Discrimination, Apartheid and Decolonization. The fact that the Conference has been organized in close co- operation with the United Nations Special Committee against Apartheid emphasizes the links that bind your organizations to the United Nations. The dramatic and positive changes that have taken place in southern Africa in recent years, culminating in the independence of Zimbabwe, offer exceptional opportunities for resolving the long-standing question of Namibian independence and the problem of apartheid in South Africa. If we can maintain the momentum, set by the success in Zimbabwe, for the peaceful resolution of these remaining issues in southern Africa, we would do much to avert the prospects of increased violence and upheaval and to contribute to enhancing peace and understanding in the region. It is my hope that Governments and organizations will find appropriate means to exert all their influence towards bringing about a peaceful solution of those problems based on the principles of the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. I am confident that your Conference can make an important contribution to the efforts of the United Nations in this sphere, and to the forthcoming United Nations/Organization of African Unity International Conference on Sanctions against South Africa. I wish you every success in your important deliberations.

-25 Message by the Chairman of the United Nations Special Committee against Apartheid, H. E. Mr. B. Akporode Clark I regret that I am unable, due to the session of the OAU Assembly of Heads of State and Government, to participate personally in the International NGO Action Conference for Sanctions against South Africa. I would like, however, to convey to you my hope that this Conference will find means to mount widest public action in all countries in support of the struggle for liberation in South Africa and Namibia. The independence of Zimbabwe, attained through the heroic sacrifice of the people in armed struggle and the subsequent process of elections, must be followed by the mobilization of the international community for the speedy liberation of South Africa and Namibia. The people of South Africa and Namibia have not only stepped up their struggle but have shown the way for a peaceful solution through consultations and negotiations. But the Pretoria regime has continued to prove intransigent, wily and ruthless. It has resorted to savage repression against students, including the killing of children, arrests of trade unionists, and persecution of churchmen. It has launched massive aggression against the front-line States. All honest men and women must denounce these crimes of the apartheid rNgime and draw inspiration from the heroism of the children and freedom fighters of South Africa. The arms embargo against South Africa must be fully implemented and reinforced. The recent revelations of the illegal supply of arms and technology to South Africa point to the need for greater vigilance and firmer action by Governments and the public. There must be an immediate end to all nuclear collaboration with South Africa. There must be a mandatory oil embargo against South Africa. The illegal deliveries to South Africa of oil from OPEC and other countries committed to the embargo must be stopped by exemplary punishment of the buccaneers. These measures must be supplemented by other sanctions, airline and shipping boycotts and the termination of all cultural, sports and other relations with the.South African regime. There must be a worldwide campaign for the release of Nelson Mandela and other political prisoners so that the genuine leaders of the people can lead the country towards freedom. I commend the efforts of the anti-apartheid movements, trade unions, churches and other groups during the past two decades in promoting support for sanctions against the apartheid regime, in exposing violations of United Nations resolutions and in organizing consumer boycotts of South African products by ordinary men and women in their countries. I am sure you can make a great contribution to the liberation struggle at this crucial time, by co-ordinated action all over the world in co-operation with the national liberation movements, OAU and the United Nations. I wish you success.

-26- ANNEX V List of Participants Special Committee against Apartheid H. E. Ambassador Uddhav Deo Bhatt (Nepal), Vice-Chairman Mr. Kvadwo F. Nyamekye (Ghana) Dr. Loutf A. Haydar (Syrian Arab Republic) States Members of the United Nations Algeria Mr. Louis Yaker, Permanent Mission, Geneva Australia Mr..M. A. S. Landale, Permanent Mission, Geneva Cuba H. E. Mr. Luis Sola, Ambassador, Permanent Mission, Geneva Mr. Frank Ortiz-Rodriguez, Permanent Mission, Geneva Denmark Mr. Jens Ostenfeld, Permanent Mission, Geneva Mr. Mohamed Fada, Permanent Mission, Geneva Ethiopia Mr. Berhane Rasvork, Permanent Mission, Geneva India Mr. B. Shetty, Permanent Mission, Geneva Indonesia Mr. Hertomo Reksodiputro, Permanent Mission, Geneva Ireland Mr. Frank Ryan, Permanent Mission, Geneva Japan Mr. Shoji Suzuki, Permanent Mission, Geneva

-27- Jordan Mr. Tarek Madi, Permanent Mission, Geneva Mr. Khalil Abdel-Rahim, Permanent Mission, Geneva Lebanon Mr. Naji Abouassi, Permanent Mission, Geneva Liberia Ms. Edith Bowen-Carr, Permanent Mission, Geneva Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Mr. Abdussalam Sergiva, Permanent Mission, Geneva Pakistan Mr. Salman Bashir, Permanent Mission, Geneva Roumania Mr. Ovidiu Ionescu, Permanent Mission, Geneva Mr. Teodor Malescanu, Permanent Mission, Geneva Rwanda Justin Rushmeza Senegal H. E. Mr. Alioune Sene, Ambassador, Permanent Mission, Geneva Sweden Mr. Par Granstedt, Member of Parliament Ms. Ulla Taba, Permanent Mission, Geneva United Arab Emirates Mr. Abdullah Al-Jaber Al-Bakri Zaire H. E. Mr. Kalonji Tshikala Kakwaka, Ambassador, Permanent Mission, Geneva Lubungu Anya, Permanent Mission, Geneva Non-Meber States of the United Nations maintaining Permanent Observer Missions to the United Nations Democratic People's Republic of Korea

-28- Mr. Jo Gyong Won, Permanent Mission, Geneva Mr. Pak Chang Rim, Permanent Mission, Geneva United Nations Secretariat Units Centre against Apartheid Mr. E. S. Reddy, Director Mr. Ansar Khan, Liaison Officer Mrs. Lillemor Zakkay, Secretary United Nations Office in Geneva Mr. Mowaffak Allaf, Assistant Secretary-General, Deputy Director-General of the United Nations Office in Geneva Mr. Anthony Curnow, Director, Information Service Mrs. Janine Namel-Minne, Chief, Public Relations and Documentation Section Ms. Nathalia Berejnaia, NGO Information Officer, Geneva Ms. Raymonde Martineau, NGO Liaison Officer, Geneva Office of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia Ms. Elizabeth S. Landis Division of Human Rights Mr. Theo van Boven, Director Mr. Badavi, Human Rights Officer United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Mr. R. A. Ramsay, Chief, Shipping Section, Shipping Division Mr. J. C. Saigal, Economic Policy and Co-ordination Unit, Office of the Secretary-General United Nations Institute fbr Namibia Mr. Hidipo L. Kamutenya United Nations bodies United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) Mr. Matthias Stiefel, Co-Director, Project on Popular Participation United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Mr. Mohammed Azam Chaudhry Ms. M. Morales

-29- United Nations Commissions and committees H. E. Mr. Andreas V. Mavrommatis, (Cyprus), Ambassador, President of the Economic and Social Council Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples Mr. Mohamed Fourati, Counsellor, Permanent Mission of Tunisia to the United Nations Specialized agencies International Labou Orrganisation (ILO) Mr. Nicolas Valticos, Assistant Director-General, Special Advisor on International Labour Standards, in charge of Apartheid Programme Mr. N. Rubin, ILO Observer Mr. M. Teferra, Relations with Africa Intergovernmental Organizations Organization of African Unity Mr. Mohamoud Daar Liberation movements with official Observer Status with the United Nations African National Congress of South Africa (ANC) Alfred Nzo Joe Jele Aziz Pahad Patrick Magapatona Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC) Count Pietersen Fezile Nhlapo Joe Moabi Saith Mazibuko South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) Hidipo L. Hamutenya Shapva S. Kaukunga Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) Chawkie Armalie

-30- Non-governmental organizations African Committee of Coordination and Trade Union Action against Apartheid and Colonialism Mr. Gilbert Pongault Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization Mr. Nouri Abdul Razzak Dr. Mehdi Al-Haledh Dr. Awatef Abedl Rahman Mr. Zin Salit All-African Council of Churches Clement Janda Christian Peace Conference Rev. Andr6 Lazerus Mr. Julius Jaeggi Friends World Committee for Consultation Mr. Tom Conrad Ms. Ann Kriss Inter-African Union of Lawyers Mr. Mohamadan Moustapha Seck International Campaign against Racism in Sport Mr. Dennis Brutus International Commission of Jurists Ms. Irene Khan International Cooperation for Socio-Economic Development Mr. Thierry "Verhelst Mr. Fred Martinache Mr. Tim Sheehy International Council of Women Ms. Rolande Gaillard International Movement for Fraternal Union Among Races and Peoples Ms. Virginia A. Leary

-31- International Organization for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination Dr. T. Ataov Dr. A. Moleah Dr. R. Stevens Mr. Keven Danaher International Peace Bureau Mr. Sean MacBride International Voluntary Service (Committee of Coordination) Mr. Rao Chelikani International Union of Students Mr. John Kwadjo International University Exchange Fund Mr. Hassim Soumare Mr. Piers Campbell Mr. Robin Ruggles Mr. Duncan Clarke Mr. Adrien-Claud Zoller International Young Christian Workers Sr. Jos6 Luis Velez Mr. Jean de la Croix-Rakotorahaishy International Youth and Student Movement for the United Nations Ricardo Dominice Mr. Jan Lonn Lutheran World Federation Dr. Sibusiso Bengu Dennis W. Frado Movement Against Racism and for Friendship Between Peoples Ms. Rose Michalowicz Ms. Simone Novat Ms. Hinit Begashet Mr. Philippe Eujolrat Organization of African Trade Union Unity Ms. Cyprion Manyanda

-32- Socialist International Women Ms. Renge Chavanne Union of Arab Lawyers Mr. Abderrahman Youssoufi Mr. Haciba Ounadjela Ms. Haiga Saka-Amini Women's International League for Peace and Freedom Ms. Edith Ballantyne Ms. Dierdre Hiebert Ms. Phyllis Wild Ms. Pearl Grobet-Secretan World Conference of Labour Ms. Blaise Robel Ms. B6atrice Fauchere World Council of Churches (Programme to Combat Racism) Mr. Prexy Nesbitt World Federation of Democratic Youth Mr. Dennis Sibeko Mr. Dennis Regier World Federation of Trade Unions Mr. Eric Mtshali Mr. Carlos de Angeli World Federation of United Nations Associations Mr. Marek Hagmajer World Peace Council Mr. Romesh Chandra Mr. Behnam Petrus Mr. Amos Ngwenya Mr. Karoly Lauko World Student Christian Federation Mr. Youssef Hajjar World University Service Mr. Clive Nettleton

-33- World YWCA Ms. Sadhona Ganguli AntiooApartheid and Solidarity Movements Australi a Campaign against Racial Exploitation - Paul Kaplan Belgium Action Boycott Outspan - Gaston Busselot Aktiekomitee Zuidelijk Afrika - Remi Verbeeck; Roland Sente Belgium Committee against Apartheid - Paula Pierson-Mathy Comit5 contre le Colonialisme et l'Apartheid - Marianne Thomas Commission Francophone Justice et Paix - Jean Emmanuel Fonteyne Canada National Union of Students of Canada - Morna Ballantyne Taskforce on the Churches and Corporate Responsibility - Renate Pratt France Conf6deration G~n6rale du Travail - Michel Fabre Conf6deration Frangaise Democratique du Travail - Audi Raiga Germany, Democratic Republic of DDR Committee for the Decade for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination - Dr. Alfred Babing Solidarity Committee of the Germnay Democratic Republic - Dr. Alfred Babing Germany, Federal Republic of Anti-Apartheid Movement of the Federal Republic of Germany - Klemens Rolo ff Anti-Imperialist Solidarity Committee for Africa, Asia and Latin America - Jilrgen Ostrowsky Information Center on Southern Africa - Peter Lanzet Ghana Ghana National Committee against Apartheid - David A. Acquah Hungary Hungarian Peace Council - B6la Szilagyi Iraq Iraq Peace and Solidarity Council - Aziz Sherif; Jebraeil I. Jerijis

-34- Italy Movimiento Liberazione e Sviluppo - Enrico Dodi Jamaica Jamaica Council of Churches - Rev. Edmund David Netherlands Anti-Apartheid Movement/Netherlands - Pim Juffermans Azania Komitee - Karel de Waal; Rita Gryzen Komite Zuidelijk Africa/Werkgroep Kairos (Joint delegation) - Erik van den Bergh; Frank Janzen; Jap de Jong Poland Polish Solidarity Committee with Peoples of Africa and Asia - Maria Michejda Sudan National Council for Friendship, Solidarity and Peace - Dr. Yousif Bushana; Mr. Mohamed Salah el Din Abbas (Permanent Mission, Geneva) Sweden Africa Groups of Sweden - Sverker Srlin Switzerland Anti-Apartheid Movement of Switzerland - Pastor P. Riltishauser; Marianne Laufer; Hanny Liltolf; Laurence Baysan; Othmar Wfiest; Martha Mad5rin United Kingdom Anti-Apartheid Movement of Great Britain - Robert Hughes; Abdul Samed Minty; Michael Terry End Loans to South Africa - Terry Shott United States of America American Committee on Africa - Paul Irish; Richard W. Leonard SAN-ROC - Dennis Brutus Interfaith Centre on Corporate Responsibility - Tim Smith TransAfrica - Gay Johnson McDougall Sanctions Working Group - Sybil Wong Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Central Council of Soviet Trade Unions - Gueorgy Kanaev; Ivan Mitiaev Soviet Afro-Asian Solidarity Committee - Leongard Gontcharov; Nickolai Scherbakov

-35 Guests Dick Foggie, Assistant General Secretary, Fire Brigades Union, United Kingdom Barbara Lee, Chief Aide to Congressman Dellums, United States of America Bernard Rivers, Holland Committee on Southern Africa Others Saidi Abdelkrim, Polisario Front Barbara Rogers, Researcher, United Kingdom Beate Klein, Researcher, United States of America Kim Young-Doo, General Secretary, Korean Front for Democracy