Windfarm Lighting Strategy Paper 30 December 2020 CL-5522-RPT-002 V1.0 www.cyrrus.co.uk
[email protected] Windfarm Lighting Strategy Paper Executive Summary Windfarms comprised of turbines with maximum tip heights of 150m or more AGL are considered en- route obstacles and thus must be appropriately notified to aircraft flying at night. Consequently, such windfarms must be lit so that pilots can see and avoid them. The UK requirements for lighting windfarms derive from standards set by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO). Individual wind turbines are fitted with red obstruction lights which are illuminated in the hours of darkness regardless of whether aircraft are in the vicinity or not. For large windfarms this gives rise to concerns from community and other stakeholders regarding landscape and visual impacts, including effects to dark landscapes. This can result in delays and difficulties in securing permissions for windfarm development and development of bespoke lighting solutions. This Paper considers whether there are alternative systems that can be employed to meet regulatory requirements and provide for safe navigation with common standards for obstruction lighting of windfarms. It reviews existing ICAO requirements, how these are implemented by the UK, and concludes that the UK CAA could amend its existing rules to reduce environmental impacts while remaining entirely aligned with ICAO. In consideration of available options, it is considered that development of an Aircraft Detection Lighting System (ADLS) dependent upon Electronic Conspicuity (EC) has the greatest potential to resolve the challenges identified. Further consideration is made to the climatic conditions in the Western Scotland region and to what level Visual Flight Rules (VFR) are permissible.