Introduction

2017 was an eventful year for ARENA and for the world. Brexit negotiations, the launch of the new EU defence cooperation PESCO, the decline of democratic norms in several European countries, and numerous polarized elections across the EU prove that the need for thorough research on the European order is as pressing as ever.

ARENA is an internationally renowned research centre at the University of Oslo. We conduct theoretically oriented and empirically informed basic research on the dynamics of the evolving European political order, organised along four key dimensions: the democratic dimension, the EU’s executive dimension, the knowledge dimension and the external dimension.

ARENA’s research activity has increased considerably in 2017, with the kick-off of several projects and the recruitment of nine new researchers. Longtime ARENA researcher Åse Gornitzka was elected vice-rector of the University of Oslo, and we celebrated our founder Johan P. Olsen’s significant contribution to the field of European Studies at the launch of what he claimed to be his last book. Thus, for ARENA 2017 has been a year to learn from the past and to celebrate new beginnings.

In October, Chris Lord and ARENA organised a kick-off conference in Oslo for our newest project PLATO. This Horizon 2020-funded ‘European Training Network’ with 20 partners across Europe has recruited 15 PhD researchers. The project investigates the EU’s legitimacy in the wake of the financial crisis. Furthermore, in November we organised the kick-off workshop for REFLEX, a research project that examines the tension between depoliticised bodies and democracy in the context of European decision- making. We are also pleased to report that our research project GLOBUS, which studies the EU’s contributions to global justice, was highlighted by the European Commission as an ‘early success story’ in the evaluation of Horizon 2020.

Our publication rate is almost record high and the issues we deal with in Europe are becoming increasingly complex. ARENA is and continues to be a busy place.

Prof. Erik O. Eriksen ARENA Director

Content

Research projects EuroDiv ...... 2 GLOBUS...... 4 PLATO...... 6 REFLEX ...... 8 EUREX...... 10 EPISTO...... 12 Other projects...... 14 Publications New books and special issues ...... 20 Journal articles and book chapters...... 25 Publications 2013–2017...... 31 ARENA Working Papers...... 32 ARENA Reports...... 33 TARN Working Papers...... 36 GLOBUS Research Papers...... 38 Events PLATO launched in Oslo ...... 40 REFLEX workshop: The legitimacy of depoliticised decision-making...... 42 GLOBUS workshop: Conceptualising global justice...... 44 ECPR General Conference in Oslo...... 46 Book launch Johan P. Olsen...... 48 EuroDiv: Who is the European citizen and who is the refugee?...... 49 EuroDiv: Towards a differentiated Europe...... 50 EuroDiv: Book discussion - Reflections on Europe’s past and present...... 50 The new politics of EU external relations...... 51 Final workshop in the ANTERO network on EU foreign policy...... 51 GLOBUS events and study tour to India...... 52 ARENA Tuesday seminars and TARN lecture...... 54 Other conferences and events ...... 57 Outreach The Power of Economists...... 62 Research Council of Norway: Rebooting Europe ...... 64 The Global Justice Blog...... 65 Other outreach activities...... 66 Media contributions...... 67 Organisation and staff ...... 74

Research projects 2 Research projects

Integration and division Towards a segmented Europe? (EuroDiv)

The aim of the EuroDiv project is to provide for the sustainability of the European political order, more knowledge on the implications of the and Norway’s role in relation to it. current crisis and on possible ways out of the Sub-projects crisis. EuroDiv consists of four sub-projects, studying About various aspects of differentiation in Europe. Law and democracy investigates the characteristics, scope and What are the implications of the current European implications of the Eurozone crisis and its demo- crisis for democracy and integration in a long-term cratic and constitutional implications. The European perspective? What does it mean that countries both executive order analyses the impact of the crisis on within and outside the EU are integrated to different administrative systems at the EU and national levels. degrees? The assumption of the project Integration Economic development as segmentation studies and division: Towards a segmented Europe? (EuroDiv) is that Europe is moving towards a important changes in the design of the monetary permanent situation characterised by a more union and if these developments contribute to further diversified EU. segmentation. The fourth sub-project studies differ- entiated integration in the domain of foreign, security Objectives and defence policy. EuroDiv aims to establish how the crisis is Activities in 2017 transforming Europe and the implications this has for Norway as a closely associated non-member of the EuroDiv has published widely and organised a EU. Greater differentiation may give rise to particular number of academic events throughout 2017. The patterns of segmentation with profound democratic project has engaged scholars from all over Europe and constitutional implications. EuroDiv seeks to and attracted attention from a wide sector audience. establish how prevalent such segmentation trends EuroDiv organized several interdisciplinary are and whether there are important – democratic – workshops in Oslo, such as a workshop on European countervailing forces. citizenship in light of the refugee crisis (p. 49) and A major objective is therefore to identify what the one on the current internal dynamics in the EU, democratic and constitutional implications are of different models of partnership with the EU and the current patterns of transformation, what they entail future of Norway-EU relations (p. 50). Furthermore, EuroDiv researchers organised and contributed to Research projects 3

The EU financial crisis contributed to a more segmented Europe (Illustration: Colourbox) several panels at the ECPR General Conference in Project coordinator Oslo (pp. 46-47) and presented their research at the Erik O. Eriksen Research Council of Norway (p. 64). EuroDiv’s framework of differentiated integration ARENA project members has become increasingly relevant because of Brexit. Morten Egeberg, John Erik Fossum, Christopher Thus, several EuroDiv researchers have been active Lord, Helene Sjursen and Jarle Trondal (sub-project in the Norwegian and international Brexit debate. coordinators); Jørgen Bølstad, Mai’a K. Davis The project’s research on the EU’s non-members has Cross, Åse Gornitzka, Cathrine Holst, Agustín José proved particularly useful for analysing the possible Menéndez, Asimina Michailidou, Espen D. H. Olsen, options and consequences for the UK after leaving the Johanna Strikwerda and Hans-Jörg Trenz EU. Cooperation Funding Tom Christensen, University of Oslo The Research Council of Norway’s research initiative Hans Otto Frøland, NTNU ‘Europe in Transition’ (EUROPA). Per Lægreid, University of Bergen Project period David Mayes, University of Auckland 1 December 2013–30 November 2018 Hilmar Rommetvedt, IRIS, Stavanger Bent Sofus Tranøy, Hedmark University College

More: arena.uio.no/eurodiv 4 Research projects

Reconsidering European contributions to global justice (GLOBUS)

Since its inception, the EU has proclaimed to these debates by proposing a novel conceptual an ambition to promote justice at the and evaluative scheme delineating three different global level. But what precisely is the EU’s conceptions of global political justice: Justice as non- contribution to global justice? And what dominance, impartiality and mutual recognition. could a just foreign policy look like? Activities in 2017 About GLOBUS has organised a range of events in 2017, including international workshops on migration, GLOBUS is a research project that critically examines climate justice, trade and development, and the the European Union’s contribution to global justice. EU’s contribution to global justice, in Oslo, Bologna, Challenges to global justice are multifaceted and Tübingen and Johannesburg (pp. 44-45 & 52-53). The what is just is contested. Combining normative and project was responsible for a section at the European empirical research, GLOBUS explores underlying International Studies Association (EISA) Conference political and structural obstacles to justice. Analyses in Barcelona, with contributions from scholars both of the EU’s positions and policies are combined with inside and outside the project. Furthermore, the in-depth studies of non-European perspectives on the GLOBUS team has given talks and presentations practices of the EU. at several conferences and seminars, and hosted Objectives a number of lectures by external researchers and GLOBUS scholars combine analyses of the EU’s experts. GLOBUS also organized a policy dialogue positions and policies on key aspects of global justice, meeting in Brussels with researchers and senior with in-depth studies of third parties’ (state and level practitioners working on EU foreign policy, and non-state actors) perspectives on the practice of the conducted a study tour to India in November (p. 52). EU. There is a particular focus on emerging powers The GLOBUS Research Paper series has published – the BRICS states. Core sectors to be analysed are six papers (p. 38) and several academic commentaries climate change, development and trade, security, and were published on the Global Justice Blog (p. 65). migration. Gender is addressed as a cross-cutting The team at ARENA and the other GLOBUS issue within all sectors. partners have prepared a range of project events in Researchers engage with nascent theoretical 2018, including a series of workshops and lectures, as debates on how we should think about justice well as study tours to Brazil and South Africa. beyond the jurisdiction of the state. They contribute Research projects 5

What, if any, is the EU’s contribution to global justice? (Illustration: Colourbox)

Funding Cooperation Research and Innovation Action financed by the Academic partners: European Union's Horizon 2020 programme. Societal University of Tübingen, Thomaz Diez Challenges 6: Europe in a changing world – Inclusive, University College Dublin, Ben Tonra innovative and reflective societies University of Bologna, Sonia Lucarelli Project period University of the Witwatersrand, Pundy Pillay 1 June 2016–31 May 2020 State University of Rio de Janeiro, Leticia Pinheiro Project coordinator O.P. Jindal Global University, Rohee Dasgupta Helene Sjursen Renmin University of China, Xinning Song ARENA project members Mai’a K. Davis Cross, Erik O. Eriksen, John Erik Scientific advisory board: Fossum, Cathrine Holst, Christopher Lord, Agustín Cecilia Albin, James Bohman, Jean-Pierre Cabestan, José Menéndez, Asimina Michailidou, Kjartan Koch Michael Davis, Nancy Fraser, Raj Kumar, Christina Mikalsen, Espen D. H. Olsen, Johanne Døhlie Saltnes Lafont, Patricia Mindus, Jennifer Mitzen, Marc F. and Anke S. Schwarzkopf Plattner, Teija Tiilikainen More: globus.uio.no 6 Research projects

The post-crisis legitimacy of the European Union (PLATO)

Multiple crises have created new legitimacy PLATO investigates the legitimacy of the EU’s challenges for the EU. Have the EU’s responses to the financial crisis. It uses the example responses to these crises been legitimate? of the financial crisis to build and test theory of what would amount to a legitimacy crisis in the case About of a multi-state, non-state political system such as The Innovative Training Network PLATO brings the EU. It does so through multiple connected case together nine university partners from across studies undertaken by 15 PhD researchers within the Europe and eleven training partners from the policy network. Their projects investigate different actors advice, civil society and consulting sector, media and with whom the Union needs to be legitimate as well career development. The PhD programme trains as different standards by which the EU may need to 15 PhD researchers to contribute to solving key be legitimate. policy issues for Europe by undertaking a common Activities in 2017 multidisciplinary investigation into crisis and the Through a coordinated recruitment process during EU’s legitimacy. PLATO offers an intensive and the winter and spring, the consortium employed an demanding programme of academic training as well excellent group of 15 PhD researchers who started in as training in a range of professional skills, work September/October 2017. They come from a variety experience from relevant sectors and individual of disciplinary backgrounds and bring into the project professional career planning. relevant work experience from either the non-profit Objectives sector or private sector, media, academia, think tanks, In the wake of the financial crisis, EU governments and EU institutions. Three PhDs started at ARENA. have spent taxpayers’ money to rescue European The team met at the project’s kick-off conference banks, straining public finances and social protections in Oslo on 14-20 October. The event was organised by in all EU member states. Core state powers of taxing, ARENA and brought together more than 50 project borrowing and spending have been transferred to participants for academic discussions and networking the European Central Bank, the European Banking (pp. 40-41). Career development planning and a Authority, and other authorities created through new supervision workshop were also in the programme. intergovernmental treaties. The increased powers In the first year, PLATO established supervision of non-elected technocratic institutions in financial teams, career development plans, a detailed training policy raise new questions about the EU’s legitimacy. programme, and prepared two PhD schools. Research projects 7

Did the way the EU handled the financial crisis create a deeper legitimacy crisis? (photo: John Towner/Unsplash)

Funding Cooperation Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Academic partners: Network (ITN), funded by the European Union’s EU Berlin Graduate School for Transnational Studies, Horizon 2020 programme Sciences Po Paris, Institute for Advanced Studies Project period (Vienna), Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 1 January 2017–31 December 2020 Jagiellonian University, University of Antwerp, University of Cambridge, University of Twente Project coordinator Christopher Lord Training partners: ARENA project members Bruegel, Centre for European Policy Studies, Netherlands Institute of International Relations Claire Godet, Joris Melman, Jan Pesl (PhDs), John (Clingendael), Democracy International, Erik Fossum, Cathrine Holst, Asimina Michailidou, EUobserver, European Citizen Action Service, Espen D. H. Olsen, Jarle Trondal (supervisors), Jacques Delors Institute – Berlin, Kellen, Polish Erik O. Eriksen, Agustín José Menéndez and Institute of International Affairs, Stiftung Hans-Jörg Trenz Wissenschaft und Politik, Vitae - The Career Development Organisation (CRAC) More: plato.uio.no 8 Research projects

Democracy and expert rule The quest for reflexive legitimacy (REFLEX)

How can depoliticised decision-making be REFLEX studies a selection of depoliticised legitimate? REFLEX examines the tension bodies in the EU multilevel legislative chain within between knowledge and democracy in the fields such as financial regulation, medicine, European context of decision-making. border protection, law enforcement and defence procurement. It compares depoliticised bodies under About different formal arrangements – intergovernmental Modern democracies increasingly rely on expertise and supranational – in order to establish whether and independent expert bodies in political decision better ways of organising the relationship between processes. Central banks, international organisations expertise and politics exist. and courts, and not least EU agencies, are typical By analysing the institutional and public linkages examples. The EU has set up more than 40 agencies of several depoliticised bodies, REFLEX will be able to perform specific tasks under EU law, in areas to examine actual differences in the influence of such as food safety, aviation security and defence expertise and their democratic check. These studies cooperation. Norway participates in 27 of these provide a broad empirical basis from which to agencies, mainly through the EEA Agreement. establish a normative model of depoliticised bodies – Many of these bodies make decisions with an institutional design that meets democratic criteria. consequences for citizens’ well-being and freedom At the same time, they will lead to new empirical and operate within large zones of discretion. There is knowledge of whether or not the power of expertise is thus a risk of policy formation being based on experts’ wielded legitimately. judgements rather than on citizens’ opinion. The Activities in 2017 delegation of authority to expert bodies raises some REFLEX recruited one PhD fellow and two post- fundamental questions for democracy, and how such doctoral researchers. The project has also hosted a bodies can be legitimate. visiting researcher in 2016-17. The kick-off workshop Objectives ‘The legitimacy of depoliticised decision-making’ REFLEX aims to establish what kind of democratic (p. 42-43) was organised in Oslo in November. The problem we are witnessing. That requires paying workshop brought together all project participants at attention to the role and status of depoliticised ARENA and several collaborators from Norway and bodies in democratic theory. Can they be justified in abroad. democratic terms? Research projects 9

How can expert bodies such as the European Banking Authority (EBA) be legitimate? (Photo: EBA)

As part of the Toppforsk-scheme, one of Project coordinator REFLEX’s primary aims is to establish close links Erik O. Eriksen to other projects and to enable the project group to apply for additional research funding. Much attention ARENA project members has been paid to this in the first year of the project. Andreas Eriksen, Trym Nohr Fjørtoft, Alexander Several research proposals have been submitted Katsaitis, Christopher Lord, Asimina Michailidou, to funding bodies such as the European Research Kjartan Koch Mikalsen and Helene Sjursen Council (ERC). Cooperation Funding James Bohman, Saint Louis University REFLEX is jointly funded by the Research Council of Claudio Radaelli, University of Exeter Norway's FRIPRO Toppforsk (top research) scheme Deirdre Curtin, University of Amsterdam and the University of Oslo. Toppforsk funding is a Rainer Forst, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main targeted initiative for providing substantial, long- Christian Joerges, University of Bremen term funding to research groups with a potential to Richard Bellamy, University College London become international leaders in their field. Charles Sabel, Columbia University Project period Rainer Schmalz-Bruns, University of Hannover 1 July 2016–30 June 2021 More: arena.uio.no/reflex 10 Research projects

Expertisation of public inquiry commissions in a Europeanised administrative order (EUREX)

EUREX looks into the role of scientific ex- Objectives pertise in the preparation of public policies. EUREX will provide a study centred on the What are the consequences for democracy Norwegian system of public inquiry commissions, of increased expertisation and Europeanisa- known as NOUs (Norges offentlige utredninger) tion? where two main research questions will be examined: About 1. How has the NOU system changed in re- sponse to processes of expertisation and Public inquiry commissions are a core element of Europeanisation? policy-making in the Nordic countries. Previous research suggests that these commissions function 2. What are the consequences of these changes both as an extension of public administration, for democracy and good governance? as a way of including interest groups in policy These questions will be addressed within a formulation, and a channel for incorporating expert multi-dimensional, multi-method research design advice in decision-making. that incorporates historical, comparative, European However, ongoing changes in conditions for and normative dimensions. The project will analyse governance are challenging the traditional role of the transformation of the NOU system over time in inquiry commissions. Both expertisation, the increas- light of expertisation and Europeanisation, across ing reliance on experts in politics and public adminis- policy areas, in contrast to simultaneous changes tration, and Europeanisation, the processes by which in other countries, and from the perspective of national governance systems adapt to European-wide competing normative goals. norms and EU-level bodies, have put existing policy advice mechanisms under pressure. These processes Activities in 2017 raise fundamental questions about the continued EUREX has recruited a PhD student and a postdoc- functioning and legitimacy of inquiry commissions: toral researcher. The project has already led to a Is the investigation of policy problems and solutions number of publications: the project coordinators pub- increasingly left to a small elite of national and inter- lished an article in Science and Public Policy about national experts? Are processes of expertisation and advisory commissions and contributed with a chapter Europeanisation eroding the democratic and govern- in a book about the Nordic models in political science. ance credentials of inquiry commissions? Two EUREX researchers are working on a special issue of European Politics and Society on expertisa- Research projects 11

How has the NOU system changed in response to expertisation and Europeanisation? (Illustration: Colourbox) tion of non-majoritarian institutions. Moreover, data Project coordinators on all Norwegian public inquiry commissions (1972- Cathrine Holst (ARENA) and Johan Christensen 2016) were gathered to create a complete database. (Leiden University) In cooperation with Partnerforum, EUREX organised a book launch for Johan Christensen’s ARENA project members monograph The Power of Economists Within the Åse Gornitzka, Stine Hesstvedt, Eva Krick and State (Stanford University Press). Christensen Helene Sjursen presented comparative case studies on how the influence of economists affect the extent to which Cooperation states adopt market-oriented tax policies (pp. 62-63). Kathia Serrano-Velarde, Heidelberg University Furthermore, EUREX project participants Peter Munk Christiansen, Aarhus University presented early conclusions of the project at the Bo Rothstein, University of Gothenburg ECPR General Conference in Oslo (p. 46). More: arena.uio.no/eurex Funding Funded by the Research Council of Norway's DEMOS programme. Project period 1 July 2016 - 30 June 2020 12 Research projects

Why not epistocracy? Political legitimacy and ‘the fact of expertise’ (EPISTO)

The EPISTO project examines and assesses Objectives the legitimacy of expert rule in modern EPISTO will elaborate on different dimensions of democracies with a particular focus on the knowledge-based rule and develop a typology for EU and European Commission expert groups. epistocracy. The proper standards for assessing the normative legitimacy of expertise arrangements will About be discussed and identified. The project will map and The EU has recently taken unprecedented analyse the European Commission’s expert group administrative and legal measures to address system and its composition and powers, with the threats of terror, the Euro crisis, and environmental aim to study expertise behaviour, deliberation and challenges. Critics claim that the Union’s crisis rationality. This system’s normative legitimacy will be management contributes to pushing the EU further discussed and assessed in light of empirical findings. towards technocracy and expert-rule. Is Europe abandoning democracy as we know it? And if so, is Activities in 2017 this a problem? Some would say no. To deal with the The project team has published a range of risks and hazards globalisation throws upon us, they publications in renowned academic journals.The would argue, the best available expertise must be project coordinator was guest editor for a special mobilised and given the necessary power, even if we issue of the Journal of Social Epistemology with are challenging familiar ideas of democracy. the title ‘Epistemic democracy, deliberative quality A key question for the project Why not and expertise’. The EPISTO team has presented epistocracy? Political legitimacy and ‘the fact of research from the project at a number of seminars expertise’ (EPISTO) is how to combine democratic and conferences nationally and internationally. procedures with the demands for knowledge-based Furthermore, EPISTO has organized a number of politics and wide use of experts and expertise. workshops over the course of the project, including ‘Epistocracy’ refers to ‘rule of the knowers’, and collaborative events with other leading research EPISTO elaborates on arguments for expert-rule, institutes such as the Quality of Government (QoG) tests the soundness of their empirical assumptions, at the University of Gothenburg and the Centre of and develops a normative defence of democracy in Excellence PluriCourts at the University of Oslo. Europe that specifies the legitimate role and scope of In 2017, EPISTO also hosted a guest researcher expert power. who completed an article on scientists as experts in policy-making. Research projects 13

Was Plato right? Should the experts rule? (Photo: Wikipedia Commons)

Funding Cooperation The EPISTO project reached the final round of Fredrik Engelstad, Johan Karlsson Schaffer, the European Research Council’s Starting Grant Ole Jacob Sending and Hege Skjeie, University of competition and was later financed by the Research Oslo Council of Norway. Margareta Bertilsson and Christian Rostböll, Project period University of Copenhagen 1 July 2012–30 June 2018 Rainer Forst, Frankfurt University Cristina Lafont, Northwestern University Project coordinator Helene Landemore, University of Yale Cathrine Holst Ulrike Liebert, University of Bremen Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen, University of Aarhus ARENA project members Helen Longino, Stanford University Silje H. Tørnblad Anders Molander, Oslo and Akershus University College Kalypso Nicolaïdis, University of Oxford Bo Rothstein, University of Gothenburg More: arena.uio.no/episto 14 Research projects

Other projects

In addition to projects coordinated by ARENA, the centre’s researchers participate in a number of other international projects and networks.

The Academic Research Network Project period on Agencification of EU Executive 1 October 2015–30 September 2018 Governance (TARN) ARENA project members TARN is a Europe-wide network of nine academic Morten Egeberg, Jarle Trondal partners including a multidisciplinary group of scholars from law, social and political sciences More: tarn.maastrichtuniversity.nl and public administration. It aims to contribute to a better understanding of agencification of EU Addressing the Needs on executive governance and to foster dialogue between Teaching, Education and Research academics and practitioners. TARN addresses the in EU Foreign Policy (ANTERO) many facets of the problems posed by the process of agencification in the EU. It concentrates on three One of the challenges the EU is confronted with is pressing concerns: constitutionality, powers and that of internal and external legitimacy. On internal legitimacy of EU agencies; the role of EU agencies as legitimacy, the Union has been faced with a clear global actors and EU agencies’ functional operation decline in popularity among its citizens. In terms of and effectiveness. its external legitimacy, survey figures show that the EU is a largely unknown actor among the citizens Project type of many third countries. Moreover, those who know Jean Monnet Network co-funded by the Erasmus+ the EU are far from unanimously positive about its Programme of the European Union. impact on their country or on international affairs. ANTERO studies the effectiveness, coherence, and Coordinators success of the EU as an international actor. It aims Ellen Vos, Maastricht University to strengthen the interaction between research in the Michelle Everson, Birkbeck University of London field of EU foreign policy and the translation of that research through innovative, research-led teaching. Research projects 15

ARENA is part of the Network on Research and Teaching in Foreign Affairs (NORTIA) (Illustration: Colourbox)

Project type Network on Research and Jean Monnet Network co-funded by the Erasmus+ Teaching in EU Foreign Affairs Programme of the European Union. (NORTIA) Coordinator The objective of NORTIA is to develop, deepen Ben Tonra, University College Dublin and strengthen a global community of senior and Project period junior scholars in EU foreign policy. NORTIA will do capacity-building on research and teaching 1 September 2014–31 August 2017 innovation for a multinational cross-institutional ARENA project members network of scholars. Helene Sjursen, Mai’a K. Davis Cross, Guri Rosén, The NORTIA scholarly goal is to apply lessons Marianne Riddervold, Tine E. J. Brøgger, learned from 50 years of foreign policy cooperation Johanne Døhlie Saltnes and Johanna Strikwerda to the challenges of a potentially fragmenting global order and Europe’s own existential crises. The More: www.eufp.eu/antero network unites scholars from different generational, geographical and methodological perspectives to 16 Research projects

build knowledge and exchange ideas on the internal parliamentary diplomacy. and external forces shaping EU foreign policy PACO aims to discover and explain if and why cooperation. inter-parliamentary cooperation in the field of external relations (CFSP/CSDP, human rights, Project type development, trade, etc.) has contributed towards Jean Monnet Network funded by the Erasmus+ increased scrutiny by the European Parliament and Programme of the European Union. national parliaments; and if and why parliamentary Coordinators diplomacy can add to the diplomatic tool set (i.e. public diplomacy) in the EU’s cooperation with third Georgana Noutcheva, Maastricht University and partners via its own delegations at the bilateral and Heidi Maurer, London School of Economics (LSE) multilateral levels. PACO further aims to contribute Project period to a new understanding of the role of European 1 September 2017–31 August 2020 parliaments in EU external action. ARENA project members Project type Helene Sjursen (principal investigator), Tine E. Jean Monnet Network co-funded by the Erasmus+ Johnsen Brøgger, Mai’a K. Davis Cross, Johanne Programme of the European Union. Døhlie Saltnes, Anke S. Schwarzkopf and Johanna Coordinator Strikwerda Jan Wouters, Leuven Centre for Global Governance More: www.eufp.eu/welcome-nortia Studies, University of Leuven Project period Interparliamentary Cooperation in 1 September 2014–31 August 2017 the EU’s External Action (PACO) ARENA project members Interparliamentary Cooperation in the EU’s external John Erik Fossum, Christopher Lord and action – Parliamentary Scrutiny and Diplomacy in Espen D. H. Olsen the EU and beyond (PACO) brings together three More: www.ghum.kuleuven.be/ggs/ interrelated teaching and research areas: EU external projects/paco-project/ relations, inter-parliamentary cooperation and Research projects 17

The PACO network studies the European Parliament (photo: European Union)

Enhancing Visibility of the Project type Academic Dialogue on EU-Turkey Jean Monnet Network funded by the Erasmus+ Cooperation (VIADUCT) Programme of the European Union. VIADUCT’s general objective is to foster policy Coordinators dialogue and to foster dialogue among academics Wolfgang Wessels and Funda Tekin, and pracitioners on recent developments in both University of Cologne the EU and Turkey. The aim is to improve and to enhance the teaching and research on this topic. Project period VIADUCT’s target groups are academics, students, 1 September 2017–31 August 2020 practitioners, civil society and the general public. ARENA project members The network brings together 40 partners from 36 countries, including all EU member states, Turkey, John Erik Fossum Egypt, Georgia, Iceland, Iraq, Israel, Switzerland, and More: www.viaduct.eu Norway. 18 Research projects

Post-Brexit Europe: Lessons from the European Economic Area (PELEEA) When voters in the United Kingdom opted to leave the European Union, re-conceptualising European integration swiftly became one of the most pressing political challenges of our time. PELEEA aims to make a significant and timely contribution to this debate drawing largely on the unique and highly relevant experience of Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway, who have structured their relations with the EU through the European Economic Area. (Illustration: Colourbox) The project is led by the Institute of International Affairs at the University of Iceland and the Centre for Small State Studies working in close collaboration Coordinators with ARENA, the University of Cambridge, and the Jóhanna Jónsdóttir and Baldur Thorhallsson, Liechtenstein-Institut. University of Iceland PELEEA will include workshops and events in Project period Oslo, Cambridge, Brussels and Reykjavik. Short 1 September 2017–31 August 2019 policy recommendations will be published following each workshop and at the end of the project publish ARENA project members a book which explores what it takes to build a John Erik Fossum successful association model. More: ams.hi.is/en/research/research- Project type projects/jean-monnet-projects/ Jean Monnet Network funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union. Publications 20 Publications

New books and special issues 2017

The Politics of Crisis in Europe of establishing ‘how federal’ the EU is (the EU’s Mai’a K. Davis Cross federal challenge). On the other, the EU has federal Cambridge Uni. Press, ISBN 978-1-10714-783-6 features but is not a state, which raises the question of whether federal theory and practice may have to The book explores the resilience of the EU in the be adapted to take proper account of the EU (the face of repeated crises perceived to threaten its very EU’s challenge to federalism). The contributions existence. While it is often observed after the fact that to this collection supplement and extend existing these crises serve as opportunities for integration, scholarship through focusing on two important this is the first critical analysis to suggest that we lines of inquiry. The first focuses on the relationship cannot fully understand the nature and severity of between federalism and democracy, with particular these crises without recognising the role of societal emphasis on how federal systems respond to reaction to events and the nature of social narratives and deal with citizens’ interests and concerns, about crisis, especially those advanced by the media. within and outside the political system. Particular Through a close examination of the 2003 Iraq crisis, emphasis is placed on representation, in the process the 2005 constitutional crisis, and the 2010–12 of federalization, and as a feature of established Eurozone crisis, this book identifies a pattern and systems. The second line of inquiry places the demonstrates how narratives about crises provide the emphasis on the relationship among the governments means to openly air underlying societal tensions that of federal systems. The focus is on intergovernmental would otherwise remain under the surface, impeding relations, and the particular merits that emanate further integration. from studying these from a federal perspective.

Federal Challenges: Insights from the EU and Contributions by ARENA’s staff Federal States John Erik Fossum and Markus Jachtenfuchs, ‘Federal challenges and challenges to federalism. Insights John Erik Fossum and Markus Jachtenfuchs (eds) from the EU and federal states’ Journal of European Public Policy, vol. 24(4) John Erik Fossum, ‘Democratic federalization and the The purpose of this special issue is to discuss what interconnectedness-consent conundrum’ we may learn from thinking about the EU in federal terms. The point of departure is that this represents a two-fold challenge. It is on the one hand a matter Publications 21

Federal Challenges and Challenges to seriously. It is time to drop any form of determinism, Federalism to overcome the ‘Whig’ reading of the history of John Erik Fossum and Markus Jachtenfuchs (eds) European integration, and delve more deeply into Routledge, ISBN 978-1-13829-901-6 the structural causes and implications of the crises; indeed, it is time to take seriously the breadth, depth This book was originally published as a special issue and scope of the crises, and the extent to which what of the Journal of European Public Policy (see p. 20). is indeed a clear rupture with the legal, political and social constitutional model of the Democratic and How to Get out of the European Trap Social state is becoming a new form of government unto itself: the main implication being that we need John Erik Fossum, Hauke Brunkhorst and Monica to be open to question the way in which legal and Elgmüller (eds) social science scholars conduct research. European Law Journal, vol. 23(5) The authors of the articles that make up this special issue share the view that it is time that European legal and politico-scientific scholarship take crises in general, and especially the manifold and overlapping set of crises that Europe is presently undergoing, 22 Publications

Social Media and European Politics: Contributions by ARENA’s staff Rethinking Power and Legitimacy in the Asimina Michailidou and Mauro Barisione, ‘Do We Digital Era need to Rethink EU Politics in the Social Media Asimina Michailidou and Mauro Barisione (eds) Era? An Introduction to the Volume’ Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 978-1-13759-889-9 Asimina Michailidou, ‘Twitter, Public Engagement This book investigates the role of social media in and the Eurocrisis: More than an Echo Chamber?’ European politics and how it changes the focus, Helena Seibicke, ‘Campaigning for Gender Equality frames and actors of public discourse around the EU Through Social Media: The European Women’s decision-making process. The contributors test the Lobby’ hypothesis that the internet and social media are promoting a structural transformation of European Hans-Jörg Trenz, Michael Bossetta and Anamaria public spheres which goes well beyond previously Dutceac Segesten, ‘Engaging with European known processes of mediatisation of EU politics. This Politics Through Twitter and Facebook: transformation brings about the more fundamental Participation Beyond the National?’ challenge of changing power relations, through processes of active citizen empowerment and exertion of digitally networked counter-power by civil society, news media, and political actors, as well as rising contestation of representative legitimacy of the EU institutions. The book offers a comprehensive approach to the analysis of political agency and social media in European Union politics, by bringing together scholarly works from the fields of public sphere theory, digital media, political networks, journalism studies, euroscepticism, political activism and social movements, political parties and election campaigning, public opinion and audience studies. Publications 23

Hvordan virker EU? Democratic Accountability, Political Order Espen D. H. Olsen, Guri Rosén and Jarle Trondal and Change: Exploring Accountability Universitetsforlaget, ISBN 978-82-15-02634-3 Processes in an Era of European Transformation This book gives an introduction to the functioning of Johan P. Olsen the EU, the most important theoretical perspectives Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19880-060-6 for how to understand the EU and European integration, and Norway’s relationship with the EU. The aim of this book is both to contribute to the A useful book for practioners and students in need of theorisation of democratic accountability and to a basic introduction to the EU. discuss what accountability processes tell us about political order and orderly change in general. EU fremstilles ofte som et byråkratisk uhyre eller Ongoing transformations of the political organisation et mellomstatlig samarbeidsprosjekt hvor bare of Europe, where both the nation-state and the de største medlemsstatene bestemmer. Systemet European Union are challenged, make it possible to er imidlertid mer sammensatt: EU er et politisk explore phenomena that are difficult to see in stable og administrativt system der statene inngår. periods. An upsurge in accountability-demands, Denne boken gir en grundig innføring i hvordan where political leaders are required to explain and EUs flernivåstruktur er bygget opp, hvordan justify what they are doing, is one such phenomenon. sammenvevingen av ulike styringsnivå påvirker Mainstream approaches to democratic accountability, utformingen av EUs politikk og politiske system, assuming settled principal-agent relations may samt hvordan Norges samarbeid med EU er give insight into the routines of institutional organisert, og hvilke faktorer som former Norges accountability. This book argues that it is not enough befatning med EU. to analyse how accountability processes contribute Boken retter seg mot alle som ønsker en grundig, to routinised maintenance of an established order men lettfattelig innføring i hvordan EU er organisert within relatively stable, simple, and well-known og fungerer i praksis. situations. We need to understand accountability in eras of institutional confusion and contestation and in dynamic, complex, and unknown situations. 24 Publications

The Rise of Common Political Order Contributions by ARENA’s staff Jarle Trondal (ed.) Jarle Trondal, ‘A research agenda of international Edward Elgar Publishing, ISBN 978-1-78643-499-9 public administration’ The book aims to define common political order — ‘Conceptualizing common political order: an in conceptual terms, to study instances of order introduction’ formation at different levels of governance and — ‘The rise of independent supranational ultimately to comprehend how they profoundly administration: the case of the European Union challenge inherent political orders. administration’ The book’s objectives are twofold: first, to explain institutional birth and growth, and second, and most — ‘The rise of international public administration: importantly, to assess key effects of order formation. observations from the International Atomic To what extent, and under which conditions, does Energy Agency’ common political order transform pre-existing Jarle Trondal, Anchrit Wille and Anne Elizabeth political orders? In sum, the book discusses how Stie, ‘The rise of international accountability we can assess theoretically and empirically the rise, institutions: the case of the European Parliament stagnation and retrenchment of common political and the European Ombudsman’ order in Europe. The authors tackle these questions with empirical illustrations of emergent political orders at international, inter-regional and local levels. Publications 25

Journal articles

Bølstad, Jørgen and Christoph Elhardt, ‘Capacity, Gornitzka, Åse, Peter Maassen and Harry De Boer, willingness, and sovereign default risk: reassuring ‘Change in university governance structures in the market in times of crisis’, Journal of Common continental Europe’, Higher Education Quarterly, Market Studies, 56(4): 802-817 71(3): 274-289 Cross, Mai’a K. Davis, ‘Counter-terrorism in the Gornitzka, Åse, Peter Maassen and Tatiana Fumasoli, EU’s external relations’, Journal of European ‘University reform and institutional autonomy: Integration, 39(5): 609-624 a framework for analysing the living autonomy’, Higher Education Quarterly, 71(3): 239-250 Cross, Mai’a K. Davis and Teresa La Porte, ‘The European Union and image resilience during Holst, Cathrine and Johan Christensen, ‘Advisory times of crisis: the role of public diplomacy’, The commissions, academic expertise and democratic Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 12(4): 257-282 legitimacy: the case of Norway’, Science and Public Policy, 44(6): 821-833 Egeberg, Morten, Åse Gornitzka and Jarle Trondal, ‘Merit-based recruitment boosts good governance: Holst, Cathrine and Anders Molander, ‘Public how do European Union agencies recruit deliberation and the fact of expertise: making their personnel?’, International Review of experts accountable’, Social Epistemology, 31(3): Administrative Sciences 235-250 Egeberg, Morten and Jarle Trondal, ‘Researching Krick, Eva, ‘Ensuring social acceptance of the energy European Union agencies: what have we learnt transition. The German government’s “consensus (and where do we go from here)?’, Journal of management” strategy’, Journal of Environmental Common Market Studies, 55(4): 675-690 Policy and Planning, 20(1): 64-80 Fossum, John Erik, ‘The European Union and the — ‘The myth of effective veto power under the rule of populist challenge’, Inroads: The Canadian consensus. Dynamics and democratic legitimacy Journal of Opinion, 41 of collective decision-making by “tacit consent”’, Revue Négociations, 1(27): 109-128 Gornitzka, Åse and Peter Maassen, ‘European Flagship universities: Autonomy and change’, Higher Education Quarterly, 71(3): 231-238 26 Publications

Lord, Christopher, ‘An indirect legitimacy argument — ‘Neoconstitucionalismo y constitucionalismo for a directly elected European Parliament’, democrático frente al derecho de la Unión European Journal of Political Research, 56(3): Europea’, DOXA, Cuadernos de Filosofía del 512-528 Derecho, special issue: 171-177 — ‘How can parliaments contribute to the legitimacy — ‘The crisis of law and the European crises: From of the European Semester?’, Parliamentary the social and democratic rechtsstaat to the Affairs, 70(4): 673-690 consolidating state of (pseudo-)technocratic governance’, Journal of Law and Society, 44(1): — ‘The legitimacy of exits from the European Union’, 56-78 Journal of European Integration, 39(5): 499-513 Michailidou, Asimina, ‘The Germans are back: Mayes, David, Giannoula Karamichailidou and euroscepticism and anti-Germanism in crisis- Hanno Stremmel, ‘Achieving a balance between stricken Greece’, National Identities, 19(1): 91-108 the avoidance of banking problems and their resolution. Can financial cycle dynamics predict Michailidou, Asimina, Massimo Airoldi and Mauro bank distress?’, Journal of Banking Regulation, Barisione, ‘Understanding a digital movement 19(1): 18-32 of opinion: the case of #RefugeesWelcome’, Information, Communication & Society Menéndez, Agustín J., ‘Constitutional review, Luxembourg style: a structural critique of the way Olsen, Johan P., ‘Accountability democrática e a in which the European court of justice reviews the mudança da ordem política europeia’, Revisto do constitutionality of the laws of the member states Servico Publico, 68(4): 745-784 of the European Union’, Contemporary Readings — ‘Democratic accountability and the terms of in Law and Social Justice, 9(2): 116-145 political order’, European Political Science — ‘Editorial: Democracy, translucidity and Review, 9(4): 519-537 accountability: the Eurozone vs. the democratic Praino, Diego, ‘A new system of government? right to know’, European Law Journal, 23(1-2): Defining the confidence relationship of the EU 2-8 model’, Journal of European Integration, 39(3): 319-332 Publications 27

Riddervold, Marianne and Jarle Trondal, ‘Integrating Sjursen, Helene and Guri Rosén, ‘Arguing sanctions: nascent organisations. On the settlement of the on the EU’s response to the crisis in Ukraine’, European External Action Service’, Journal of Journal of Common Market Studies, 55(1): 20-36 European Integration, 39(1): 33-47 Trenz, Hans-Jörg and Deniz Neriman Duru, ‘From Rosén, Guri, ‘The impact of norms on political diversity to conviviality: intra-EU mobility and decision-making: how to account for the European international migration to Denmark in times Parliament’s empowerment in EU external trade of economic recession’, Journal of ethnic and policy’, Journal of European Public Policy, migration studies, 43(4): 613-632 24(10): 1450-1470 Trenz, Hans-Jörg and Anna Triandafyllidou, Rosén, Guri and Anne Elizabeth Stie, ‘Not worth the ‘Complex and dynamic integration processes net worth? The democratic dilemmas of privileged in Europe: intra EU mobility and international access to information’, Politics and Governance, migration in times of recession’, Journal of ethnic 5(3): 51-61 and migration studies, 43(4): 546-559 Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie, ‘Norm collision in the Trondal, Jarle and Christopher Ansell, ‘Governing EU’s external policies. The case of EU sanctions turbulence: an organizational-institutional towards Rwanda’, Cooperation and Conflict, agenda’, Perspectives on Public Management and 52(4): 553-570 Governance, 1(1): 43-57 28 Publications

Book chapters

Trondal, Jarle and Michael W. Bauer, Bølstad, Jørgen, ‘Is there a rational public?’ in Justin ‘Conceptualizing the European multilevel Fisher, Edward Fieldhouse, Mark N. Franklin, administrative order: capturing variation in the Rachel Gibson, Marta Cantijoch and Christopher European administrative system’, European Wlezien (eds) The Routledge Handbook of Political Science Review, 9(1): 73-94 Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion, Routledge. Trondal, Jarle, Zuzana Murdoch and Benny Geys, ‘How pre- and post-recruitment factors shape role Cross, Mai’a K. Davis and Diarmuid Torney, perceptions of European Commission officials’, ‘Environmental and Climate Diplomacy: Building Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Coalitions through Persuasion’, in Camilla Adelle, Administration and Institutions, 31(1): 85-101 Katja Biedenkopf and Diarmuid Torney (eds) European Union External Environmental Policy Rules, Regulation and Governance Beyond Borders, Palgrave Macmillan. Eriksen, Erik O., ‘Democratic Innovations Beyond the State’, in Andreas Grimmel (ed.) The Crisis of the European Union Challenges, Analyses, Solutions, Routledge. — ‘Structural Injustice: The Eurozone Crisis and the Duty of Solidarity’, in Andreas Grimmel and Susanne My Giang (eds) Solidarity in the European Union. A Fundamental Value in Crisis, Springer. Fossum, John Erik, ‘Democracy and Legitimacy in the EU. Challenges and Options’, in Lorenzo Vai, Pier D. Tortola and Nicoletta Pirozzi (eds) Governing Europe. How to Make the EU More Efficient and Democratic, Peter Lang Publishing Group. Publications 29

Holst, Cathrine, ‘Epistocracy on Seasteds?’ in Lord, Christopher, ‘Segmentation, Differentiation Victor Tiberius (ed.) Seasteds: Opportunities and the Aims of European Integration’, in Andreas and Challenges for Small New Societies, vdf Grimmel (ed.) The Crisis of the European Union. Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zürich. Challenges, Analyses, Solutions, Routledge. Holst, Cathrine, Åse Gornitzka and Johan — ‘Legitimacy and Democracy’, in Christopher Hill, Christensen, ‘Knowledge Regimes in the Nordic Michael Smith and Sophie Vanhoonacker (eds) Countries’, in Oddbjørn Knutsen (ed.) The Nordic International Relations and the European Union, Models in Political Science: Challenged, but Still Oxford University Press. Viable? Fagbokforlaget. Lord, Christopher and Pieter de Wilde, ‘Assessing Holst, Cathrine, Hege Skjeie and Mari Teigen, Actually-Existing Trajectories of EU Politicisation’, ‘Benevolent Contestations: Mainstreaming, in Pieter de Wilde, Anna Leupold and Henning Judicialisation, and Europeanization in the Schmitke (eds) The Differentiated Politicisation of Norwegian Gender+ Equality Debate’, in Heather European Governance, Routledge. MacRae and Elaine Weiner (eds) Towards Gendering Institutionalism, Rowman & Littlefield International. 30 Publications

Menéndez, Agustín J., ‘The Guardianship of Trenz, Hans-Jörg and Charlotte Galpin, ‘The Spiral European Constitutionality: A structural Critique of Euroscepticism: Media Negativity, Framing of European Constitutional Review’, in Mads and Opposition to the EU’, in Manuela Caiani and Andenæs, Tarjej Bekkedal and Luca Pantaleo (eds) Simona Guerra (eds) Euroscepticism, Democracy The Reach of Free Movement, T.M.C. Asser Press. and the Media: Communicating Europe, Contesting Europe, Palgrave Macmillan. Michailidou, Asimina, ‘Mirroring or Setting the Political Agenda? The Role of the Media in Trondal, Jarle, ‘Bureaucratic Structure’, in Ali the Eurosceptic Debate’, in Benjamin Leruth, Farazmand (ed.) Global Encyclopedia of Public Nicholas Startin and Simon Usherwood (eds) Administration, Public Policy, and Governance The Routledge Handbook of Euroscepticism, 2017, Springer. Routledge. — ‘Public Administration of the European Union’, in Sjursen, Helene, ‘Enlargement and identity: studying William R. Thompson (ed.) The Oxford Research reasons’, in Haakon A. Ikonomou, Aurélie Andry Encyclopedia of Politics, Oxford University Press. and Rebekka Byberg (eds) European Enlargement Trondal, Jarle and Anchrit Wille, ‘The European across Rounds and Beyond Borders, Routledge. Ombudsman: a resilient institution in a turbulent, — ‘The EU’s Principles in World Politics’, in evolving administrative order’, in Herwig C.H. Christopher Hill, Michael Smith and Sophie Hofmann and Jacques Ziller (eds) Accountability Vanhoonacker (eds) International Relations and in the EU, Edward Elgar Publishing. the European Union, Oxford University Press. Trenz, Hans-Jörg, ‘Euroscepticism as EU Polity Contestation’, in Benjamin Leruth, Nicholas Startin and Simon Usherwood (eds) The Routledge Handbook of Euroscepticism, Routledge. Publications 31

Publications 2012–2017

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Monographs 1 4 1 2 2 Edited books 4 5 6 1 4 Special issues of journals 0 0 2 2 2 Book chapters 16 47 37 17 30 Journal articles 30 21 39 30 30 ARENA Working Papers 8 13 5 5 11 ARENA Reports 1 2 4 3 4 Publication points (total)* 49.7 70.0 81.5 58.7 81.1 Publication points (per academic person-year) 2.5 4.1 5.1 3.6 3.7

*Note that the numbers for 2015 and onwards are not directly comparable with previous years due to the introduction of a new publication indicator. The new calculation of publication point results in higher scores for co-authorship and international cooperation. 32 Publications

ARENA Working Papers

The ARENA Working Paper Series publishes pre-print manuscripts by ARENA researchers or from external researchers presenting their research at ARENA seminars.

17/01 17/07 Erik O. Eriksen Michael A. Wilkinson Three conceptions of global political justice Constitutional pluralism: chronicle of a death foretold? 17/02 Agustín J. Menéndez 17/08 The guardianship of European constitutionality Johan P. Olsen Democratic accountability and the changing 17/03 European political order Christopher Lord Fragmentation, segmentation and centre formation 17/09 Kjartan Koch Mikalsen 17/04 Equal sovereignty: on the conditions of global Erik O. Eriksen political justice Structural injustice and solidarity: the case of the Eurozone crisis 17/10 Mai’a K. Davis Cross 17/05 EU institutions and the drive for peace: the power of Marianne Riddervold and Ruxandra-Laura ideas Bosilca Not so humanitarian after all? Assessing EU naval 17/11 mission Sophia Mai’a K. Davis Cross Europe’s foreign policy and the nature of secrecy 17/06 Helene Sjursen Global justice and foreign policy. The Case of the European Union. Publications 33

ARENA Reports

The ARENA Report Series consists of proceedings from workshops or conferences, project reports, PhD dissertations and Master theses supervised at ARENA.

Gender balance in European corporate they refer to as successful cases, i.e. cases where boards: A case study of gender equality gender equality policy reforms have been adopted. policy in the EU Bergqvist and others argue that one cannot know ARENA Report 1/17 with certainty why some reforms successfully get Erle Inderhaug adopted without studying cases where such proposals are not successful. By studying unsuccessful cases, In this paper, the author studies the political process one can produce new explanations and nuance or of a proposal for a EU directive to improve gender confirm established knowledge, and thus improve the balance in European corporate boards. The directive research field. was proposed by the European Commission in 2012 Previous research on political processes in EU and was adopted in the European Parliament, but has gender equality policy emphasises a combination been on hold in the Council of Ministers. The problem of features, especially the political opportunity discussed in this report is two-fold. Firstly, what structure, stakeholders in velvet triangles and characterises the political process of this proposed framing, in order to explain how gender equality directive, and secondly, why has the directive not policy proposals succeed. These factors have also been adopted. been present in the case investigated in this report. The data for this report were obtained through Yet, the directive has not been adopted. Thus, this semi-structured interviews with decision-makers report argues that these factors are necessary, rather who were part of the political process, in addition to than sufficient, for the successful adoption of gender written material from various EU institutions and equality policy in the EU. In this case, the EU Council news articles. appears to be the major obstacle to the proposed The background for this report is an article by directive. In future studies of successful cases, one Bergqvist, Bjarnegård and Zetterberg (2013) where should more closely investigate the factors that they call for more studies of failed attempts to adopt contribute to the successful adoption of proposals in gender equality policies. They indicate a bias in the the Council. research field, where there is an overweight of what 34 Publications

The European migration system and global justice ARENA Report 2/17 (GLOBUS report 1) Enrico Fassi and Sonia Lucarelli This report is published as part of the GLOBUS project’s research on migration and global justice and provides a preliminary insight into the EU’s migration policies by examining concepts and understandings as well as actual applications in a set of national cases. Migration is at the heart of the current political debate in Europe. Moreover, the migration crisis has disclosed a number of normative and ethical issues connected to the current management of migration in the EU. This report provides a preliminary insight into the EU’s policy on migration. It looks specifically The impact of EU policy-making on asylum at the terms the EU chooses, the definitions it devises outcomes and the concepts and understandings it endorses in ARENA Report 3/17 its migration policies. Stein Arne Brekke In order to grasp the actual working of an emerging EU Migration System of Governance In this report, the author analyses the effects of (EUMSG), the same terms, concepts and definitions the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) on are also examined with reference to a set of national national asylum procedures. He presents a thorough cases: Italy, France, Germany, United Kingdom, quantitative study of the convergence of European Hungary, Greece and Norway. asylum recognition rates. In October 1999, the European Council agreed in Tampere to work towards the creation of an area of freedom, security and justice at a European level. Among other measures, the Tampere Council Publications 35

discussed the creation of a Common European Asylum System (CEAS). One of the main goals of the CEAS was to ensure that all EU member states protected the rights of asylum seekers and refugees. Since 1999, the EU has adopted several legislative measures, aimed at harmonising common minimum standards for processing and deciding asylum applications. Yet, it is still an open question whether these measures have been successful. By providing a thorough quantitative study of the convergence of European asylum recognition rates, this report sets out to measure the effect of EU efforts on the harmonisation of national asylum policies. It finds indications that national recognition rates converge as a result of national EU policies in the field of asylum, and thus provides a less pessimistic view of the effect of the EU’s efforts than previous studies. financial stability and it aims to uncover the decision- making logic behind the evolution of the EU financial stability framework. It uncovers why EU Member Failing forward towards reduced instability? States tend mostly to agree on piecemeal institutional ARENA Report 4/17 reforms that may in fact increase vulnerabilities by Eirik Tegle Stenstad not sufficiently addressing the underlying problems In this report, the author aims to uncover the of financial instability. The report finds that decision- decision-making logic behind the evolution of the EU makers might not fully understand the risk of financial stability framework. piecemeal reforms. The evolution of the EU financial Since 2000, the financial stability framework of stability framework demonstrates that policy learning the EU has gone through major changes. Both the is lagging real economic problems also when it is financial crisis (2008-2009) and the European debt problem- and crisis-driven, and that the weaknesses crisis (2009-) triggered reforms. This report primarily of intergovernmental bargains become more contributes to the study of the political foundations of prominent in times of crises. 36 Publications

The TARN working paper series

The working paper series of the TARN network on agencification of EU governance is issued by ARENA. The series editors Morten Egeberg and Jarle Trondal (ARENA) work closely with the editorial board, which consists of Giacinto della Cananea, Michelle Everson, Johannes Pollak and Ellen Vos. The series published 16 papers in 2017:

17/1 Paul Weismann The European Central Bank (ECB) under the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM): its functioning and its limits 17/5 Florin Coman-Kund 17/2 The international dimension of the EU agencies: Sara Pernuš charting a legal-institutional ‘twilight zone’ Opening the black box of participation in the institutional practice of European agencies 17/6 Marta Migliorati 17/3 The Commission as a network orchestrator in EU Marta Božina Beroš multi-level governance? The case of the European Some reflections on the governance and Union Network for the Implementation and accountability of the Single Resolution Board Enforcement of Environmental Law (IMPEL) Publications 37

17/7 12/17 Daniëlle van Osch Maurizia de Bellis Accountability in the context of transgovernmental Procedural rule-making of European Supervisory networks: a conceptual approach Agencies (ESAs): an effective tool for legitimacy?

17/8 17/13 Aneta B. Spendzharova Marco Inglese Becoming a powerful regulator: the European The external projection of EU’s agencies: an emphasis Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) in on the Ombudsman’s role European financial sector governance 17/14 17/9 Dovile Rimkute and Karina Shyrokykh Bernando Rangoni The role of EU agencies in the acquis transfer: the Regulation after agencification: hierarchy and case of the European neighbourhood policy countries uncertainty in the case of energy 17/15 17/10 Helena Ekelund Emmanuelle Mathieu Normative power FRONTEX? Assessing agency Networks, committees or agencies? The many faces of cooperation with third countries the EU regulatory space 17/16 17/11 Vittoria Meissner Merijn Chamon and Valerie Demedts The European Border and Coast Guard Agency Constitutional limits to the EU agencies’ external Frontex beyond borders: the effect of the agency’s relations external dimension 38 Publications

The GLOBUS research paper series

The GLOBUS Research Papers are pre-print scientific articles on the EU’s contribution to global justice as well as the wider question of global political justice. The series is multidisciplinary, with a particular emphasis on the fields of international relations, political science, political theory, sociology and law. The series editor is Helene Sjursen (ARENA). She works closely with the editorial board, which consists of Mai’a K. Davis Cross, Thomas Diez, Erik O. Eriksen, Sonia Lucarelli, Pundy Pillay and Ben Tonra. The series published 6 papers in 2017:

17/1 17/4 Franziskus von Lucke Mai’a K. Davis Cross O justice, where art thou? Developing a new take on EU institutions and the drive for peace: the power of climate justice ideas

17/2 17/5 Helene Sjursen Bettina Ahrens Global justice and foreign policy: the case of the The solidarisation of international society: the EU European Union and the global climate change regime

17/3 17/6 Kjartan Koch Mikalsen Mai’a K. Davis Cross Equal sovereignty: on the conditions of global Europe’s foreign policy and the nature of secrecy political justice Events 40 Events

PLATO launched in Oslo

The EU’s legitimacy in the wake of the finan- What is a legitimacy crisis? cial crisis was discussed by an international PLATO coordinator Chris Lord from ARENA intro- group of researchers when ARENA launched duced the project’s overall framework, and opened a its Horizon 2020 PhD network PLATO in Oslo broader reflection on legitimacy questions and stand- Science Park. ards between the 15 PhD researchers and their peers. ‘The Post-Crisis Legitimacy of the European Union’ What is a legitimacy or legitimation crisis as (PLATO) is an innovative PhD training programme opposed to a mere legitimacy problem? Which which brings together nine partner universities across conditions must be met for the EU to be directly Europe as well as eleven training partners from legitimate with its citizens, or indirectly legitimate via outside academia. At the kick-off conference 14-20 each of its 27 member state democracies? What kind October, the project’s team of 15 early stage of legitimacy standards are we looking for: ideal or researchers, who had recently been recruited, met for non-ideal standards or necessary or sufficient the first time for academic discussions and conditions? How could the EU meet demands of networking within the PhD group as well as with input, output, and throughput legitimacy? supervisors, peers, and training partners representing The conference moved on to presentations and think tanks and civil society. discussions of the 15 individual PhD projects. They all speak to the same overall research question, but Relevance written all over it explore different aspects of the EU’s legitimacy after The topic that PLATO studies is of great importance the financial crisis, how it plays out in different policy to Europe and to the EU, the University of Oslo’s areas and how it is perceived by different actors. The Vice-Rector for research and internationalisation projects deal with popular understandings of crisis Åse Gornitzka said in her welcome speech. PLATO responses and voting behaviour, populism and has relevance written all over it, and in its shape and corruption, the politics of courts and law, interest innovativeness, PLATO is also of great interest to the groups, parliamentary involvement and inter- University of Oslo, she continued, referring to the institutional conflicts, migration and border controls, project’s international collaboration and its novel and banking union and the EU emissions trading system, ambitious PhD training programme complementing identity, citizens’ trust and the public sphere. traditional academic training with contributions and The 50 conference participants also met for a work experience from other sectors. speed-dating session, giving PhD researchers, schol- ars and training partners an opportunity to network. Events 41

Left: Speed-dating; right: PLATO Coordinator Chris Lord and the 15 PhD researchers exploring questions of EU legitimacy

The 15 recruited PhD researchers sessions. One day was dedicated to professional The PhD researchers, three of whom started at development planning, focusing on team work, ARENA in September, have 15 different nationalities collaboration and creativity. The PhDs reflected on and are employed in nine countries. They are a strong priorities, goals and actions of a PhD and the group with complementary backgrounds, including knowledge, skills and attributes needed to get started political science, political economy, law, philosophy, in research. PhD researchers and supervisors also sociology, journalism, and languages. The 15 enjoyed discussed the supervisory relationship within a variety of team-building activities in the days PLATO’s team-PhD context, confirming that leading up to the academic conference, in order to expectations of the supervisors and supervisees may prepare the ground for them to work together as a differ. It is useful to have a joint understanding on team, exploring intellectually challenging research what to expect from the supervisor relationship from questions from different perspectives and disciplines. the outset, and PLATO’s Supervision Charter allows researchers and supervisors to get off to the Getting started in research best start in their research and their relationships. PLATO’s training partner Vitae, the global leader in professional researcher development, led two Read more on www.plato.uio.no and pp. 6-7. 42 Events

The legitimacy of depoliticised decision-making

The REFLEX project on the legitimacy of were discussed. The second section on expert depoliticised decision-making organised its accountability and governance was chaired by first workshop in Oslo on 16-17 November. Asimina Michailidou (ARENA). In this section, ARENA’s research project REFLEX examines the ARENA’s Alexander Katsaitis presented a study tensions between knowledge and democracy in the of parliamentary hearings under the 6th and 7th European context of decision-making and pursues European Parliament legislature. He argued that the idea of reflexive legitimacy. The project’s first there was a distinct shift in behaviour between these workshop gathered a group of researchers to discuss legislatures – the Parliament’s ECON committee has expertise and democracy in non-majoritarian increased its amount of public hearings manifold institutions, among them lawyers, philosophers while decreasing its interactions with national and political scientists, to provide their take on the parliaments. This could, in the wake of the financial functioning, justification and democratic embedding crisis, be an attempt to increase the Parliament’s of so-called non-majoritarian institutions. democratic legitimacy. Non-majoritarian institutions The authority of expertise A non-majoritarian institution can take many Katsaitis chaired the third session, where the different forms. Independent central banks that set authority of expertise was discussed. Project interest rates and make other monetary decisions coordinator Erik O. Eriksen presented a broader without the involvement of elected politicians may framework for thinking about non-majoritarian be the best example. Another example would be institutions. He walked through different strategies agencies. These are structurally detached government for holding experts accountable and pointed out how organisations that are at an arm’s length from elected the existing alternatives fail. Eriksen then proposed politicians, performing tasks ranging from food safety his own alternative, the epistemic public strategy, and aviation security to defence cooperation and in which experts are analysed not as value-free and border control. neutral, but rather as representatives of different interests. Democratic legitimacy of expert bodies Engaging experts in politics ARENA’s John Erik Fossum chaired the first session of the workshop, where the democratic Helene Sjursen chaired the fourth session on legitimacy of expertise and expert bodies engaging experts in politics. Andreas Eriksen Events 43

REFLEX workshop participants Andreas Eriksen (ARENA) presenting his paper described different models of expert legitimacy Sheffield). and presented his own model, labelled the public The REFLEX project is funded by the Research reason model. Eva Krick discussed institutional Council of Norway’s FRIPRO top research scheme innovations of coupling experts, civil society and the and the University of Oslo (see pp. 8-9). government in processes of policy development. Many other ARENA researchers participated as commentators, including Cathrine Holst and Guri Rosén. Other participants included Michelle Everson (University of London), Jonathan Kuyper (University of Oslo), Marija Bartl (University of Amsterdam), Mira Scholten (University of Utrecht), Anders Molander (Oslo University College/OsloMet), Torbjørn Gundersen (Oslo University College/ OsloMet) and Matthew Wood (University of 44 Events

Conceptualising global justice

GLOBUS researchers gathered in Oslo on 19 Pillay (Wits University) commented on global justice and 20 January to discuss how to make sense from a southern African perspective by presenting of the EU’s contribution – if any – to a rightful his paper ‘Trade, development and social justice in world order. Africa’. Chris Lord (ARENA) elaborated on the issue of historical responsibility by asking the question: Three conceptions of global justice when are nations responsible for things they have The workshop connected the study of the European done in the past? Union with the broader theoretical debate on global Justice and foreign policy justice. GLOBUS coordinator Helene Sjursen GLOBUS coordinator Helene Sjursen (ARENA) (ARENA) invited political theorists and international launched the next session with a presentation of relations scholars to present and discuss papers justice and foreign policy as it pertains to the EU. relating to the GLOBUS conceptual scheme. The Moving to the issue of migration, Sonia Lucarelli scheme delineates three conceptions of global justice: and Michela Ceccorulli (University of Bologna) justice as non-domination, impartiality and mutual presented an analysis of European definitions of recognition. migration and their implications for global justice. How should one understand GLOBUS’ three Finally, Kjartan Koch Mikalsen (NTNU and conceptions of global justice, and to what extent do ARENA) provided a philosopher’s perspective they adequately capture the normative and practical defending a pure functionalist theory of territorial dilemmas that arise beyond state borders? The jurisdiction. participants paid particular attention to the European Princeton researcher Barbara Buckinx Union: how can the three conceptions of global presented a paper on burden sharing and the refugee justice be specified and developed as analytical tools crisis, and, among other things, reminded us that to study the EU’s global role? the burden for hosting refugees in today’s global ARENA’s Erik O. Eriksen kicked off the system falls squarely on the shoulders of developing workshop by presenting his paper ‘Three conceptions countries. Silje Langvatn (University of Oslo) of global political justice’, which served as a focal provided yet another philosophical take in her paper point for the entire workshop. Alexa Zellentin on Rawls’ late political liberalism and its relevance (University College Dublin) picked up the three for global justice. Lars Blichner (University of conceptions as they relate to climate justice. Pundy Bergen) elaborated the concept of justice as mutual Events 45

Left: GLOBUS workshop participants; right: Nikola Tomic (picture) discussed the EU’s security strategies recognition and its relation to law. The workshop was organised by ARENA as a part Security and diplomacy of the GLOBUS project, which brings together eight Nikola Tomic and Ben Tonra (University College partner universities across the world to critically Dublin) presented a comparative analysis of the EU’s examine the EU’s contributions to global justice (see security strategies. Mai’a K. Davis Cross (ARENA) pp. 4-5). elaborated on how the EU has ramped up its climate diplomacy efforts. Finally, Thomas Diez (University of Tübingen) presented the paper ‘Two dimensions of global justice claims’ emphasising the need to take in both states and individuals as referent objects of justice. Other ARENA researchers contributed with comments to the papers, including John Erik Fossum and Espen D.H. Olsen.

46 Events

ECPR General Conference in Oslo

Over 2,000 scholars from more than 45 stable, simple, and well-known situations. We countries gathered in Oslo for the 11th ECPR also need to understand accountability in eras of General Conference on 6-9 September. institutional confusion and contestation and in ARENA’s Johan P. Olsen was given the honour dynamic, complex, and unknown situations. of holding the Plenary Lecture. Transparency, accountability, representation During the event, some 1,856 papers were presented ARENA’s Guri Rosén chaired a section on modern across 444 panels and 72 sections. ARENA staff representative democracies and delegated processes organised several of these and contributed with that take place behind closed doors. In this section, numerous papers. the panels discussed how these processes remove Keynote lecture by Johan P. Olsen policy-making and control procedures as well as essential deliberations from the public realm, Professor emeritus and founder of ARENA Johan in addition to deliberate on ways to reconcile P. Olsen was given the honor of holding the plenary representation, accountability and transparency. lecture of the ECPR in the University Aula of the Rosén also presented a paper on transparency in the University of Oslo. In the lecture, Olsen spoke EU and ARENA’s Cathrine Holst, Åse Gornitzka, about democratic accountability and the changing Stine Hesstvedt and Eva Krick presented papers European political order. Ongoing transformations of in the panel on expertisation of policy advice. the political organisation of Europe, where both the nation-state and the European Union are challenged, The crisis and the future of Europe make it possible to explore phenomena that are Espen D.H. Olsen and John Erik Fossum difficult to see in more stable periods. The upsurge of chaired a section on the crises and the future of accountability demands, where political leaders are Europe. It consisted of five panels covering issues required to explain and justify what they are doing such as the Eurozone crisis, the migration crisis and and not doing, is one such phenomena. Assuming Brexit. Fossum chaired the panel on the possible EU stable principal-agent relations may give insight trajectories of the crises, where Erik O. Eriksen into the routines of institutional accountability. But (ARENA), among others, presented a paper on Olsen argued that it is not enough to analyse how differentiated integration and arbitrary rule. Olsen accountability processes contribute to routinised chaired a panel on the EU migration crisis, where he maintenance of an established order within relatively also presented a paper on renationalisation of Europe Events 47

The University of Oslo hosted the ECPR General Conference, which gathered over 2,000 scholars from more than 45 countries in the migration crisis. respond to rising powers making territorial claims, with a special focus on transatlantic unity and dissent. The politics of multi-level administration Hans-Jörg Trenz presented a paper on how EU How does the structure and staff composition of the citizenship is defended and contested online during EU administration’s executive branch affect (multi- Brexit, while Asimina Michailidou presented a level) governance processes? That was one of the paper on the digital movement of opinion in the case questions asked in the panel on the politics of EU of the social media campaign #RefugeesWelcome. multi-level administration chaired by Jarle Trondal Furthermore, Helena Seibicke took part in a panel and Morten Egeberg (both ARENA). that explored gendered variations in elite career Broad range of ARENA research paths, with a special focus on comparing women and men across political jurisdictions and countries. Several other ARENA researchers participated in Numerous ARENA papers presented at the ECPR the conference, presenting papers or chairing panels General Conference have later been submitted for on a broad range of topics review and accepted for publication in international For example, Marianne Riddervold presented journals. at paper on how the EU and the United States 48 Events

Book launch: Democratic Accountability, Political Order and Change

On 9 June, ARENA organised a book launch for Professor Emeritus and founding director of ARENA Johan P. Olsen’s latest book ‘Democratic Accountability, Political Order, and Change’. In the book, Johan P. Olsen explores accountability processes in the context of European transformation. He examines democratic accountability as a mechanism by which citizens are supposed to influence and control their elected representatives, non-elected officials, and other power holders. Ongoing transformations of the political organisation of Europe, where both the nation-state and the European Union are challenged, make it possible to explore phenomena that are difficult to see in stable periods. The aim of this book is to contribute to the theorisation of democratic accountability and to discuss what accountability processes tell us about political order and orderly change in general. Per Lægreid (University of Bergen) and Ragnar Lie (former Administrative Director of ARENA) participated in the event with comments and reflections.

Johan P. Olsen presenting the ECPR 2017 plenary lecture. Olsen’s lecture was inspired by his new book ‘Democratic Accountability, Political Order and Change’ Events 49

Who is the European citizen and who is the refugee?

ARENA convened a workshop on European conceptualisation of European citizenship has made citizenship in light of the refugee crisis on an impact on the definition of the other personal 13 January. statuses in European law, with a particular emphasis on the definition of European and national asylum The refugee crisis is the latest in a series of crises policy. that have hit Europe and the EU. Often considered Agustín J. Menéndez and Espen D.H. Olsen to be a crisis of institutions and management, it from ARENA organised the workshop, which brought is also a crisis of real people ‘on the ground’, both together scholars from different institutions citizens and refugees alike. At the same time, the and disciplines. John Erik Fossum chaired the member states of the EU have experienced a surge first session of the workshop, which opened with in calls for ‘renationalisation’ and a move back to a discussion on European citizenship by Olsen more pronounced notions of national citizenship. The and Menéndez. Hans-Jörg Trenz from ARENA handling of the Eurocrisis and the reforms of national presented the effects of Brexit on European economies that followed in its wake have revealed a citizenship, while Cathrine Holst led the debate crisis of representation and increased discontent with of the second session. Other participants included politics ‘beyond the nation-state’. Once seen as part of Catherine Colliot-Thélène (Université de Rennes 1), the democratic solution, European citizenship is now Sandra Mantu (Radboud University), Mads Andenæs increasingly seen as a part of the problem. (University of Oslo), Stefanie Pukallus (University of Under the title ‘Who is the European citizen? Sheffield), Catherine Withol de Wenden (CNRS) and Who is the refugee? Personal statuses between Massimo La Torre (University ‘Magna Graecia’ di globalisation, Europeanisation and the refugee Catanzaro). crisis’ this workshop critically discussed the current The workshop was a part of ARENA’s research relationship between citizenship and European project EuroDiv, which examines the implication integration. of the current European crisis for democracy and The participants addressed two sets of inter- integration in a long-term perspective (see pp. 2-3). related challenges. The first set of interventions probed and critically discussed how European integration has made an impact on conceptions of citizenship in a political and legal sense. The second set of interventions drew attention to how the 50 Events

Book Discussion: Quo Vadis Europa? Towards a differentiated Reflections on Europe’s Europe Past and Present

ARENA’s Erik O. Eriksen and John Erik Hans-Jörg Trenz and Bo Stråth presented Fossum organised the EuroDiv Conference the main conclusions of their new books ‘Towards a differentiated Europe’ in Oslo on on Europe’s past and present at a EuroDiv 18-19 May. seminar on 4 April. The UK’s vote to leave the EU has put a new focus on Europe’s history exhibits a profound tension of unity differentiation and alternative forms of partnership and diversity. Efforts at unification have been met with the EU onto the political and academic agenda. with staunch displays of defence of diversity. The Which concepts of close cooperation do exist various projects have unfolded during periods of beyond membership? Have existing models proven peace and war. Today’s Europe has seen an almost themselves? How are the EU’s semi-integrated unprecedented period of peace coupled with a neighbours affected by the current developments? continent-wide effort to integrate driven by the EU. The conference gathered both senior scholars At present, confronted with a panoply of crises, and up-and-coming academics from diverse the EU faces serious questions about its continued backgrounds to Oslo. Several researchers from existence. The purpose of this seminar was to discuss ARENA participated in the panel discussions: Europe’s present with reference to two important Erik O. Eriksen contributed in a panel on the new books. The first book by Bo Stråth (University internal dynamics of the EU, John Erik Fossum of Helsinki) provides a historical backdrop to the and Espen D.H. Olsen participated in a panel on present by discussing Europe’s efforts at developing different models of partnership with the EU and lasting peace since the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Helene Sjursen took part in a panel on the future of The second book by Hans-Jörg Trenz (ARENA) Norway-EU relations. provides an up-to-date assessment of Europe. How The conference was jointly organised by COMOS, well-entrenched in Europe’s societies is the process of CETEUS and ARENA as a part of the EuroDiv project Europeanisation? What kind of process is this? (see pp. 2-3) and aimed to shed light on the current Both books underline the role of historical political developments and academic debates. contingency and the need to understand the available Elsbeth Tronstad, the Norwegian State Secretary options as perceived by different actors at different of EEA and EU Affairs and prominent scholar points in time. The book presentations were followed Wolfgang Wessels (University of Cologne) gave the by comments from John-Erik Fossum (ARENA), two keynote speeches. Ellen Krefting (UiO) and Dag Michalsen (UiO). Events 51

Final workshop in the The new politics of EU ANTERO network on EU external relations foreign policy

On 9-10 March, ARENA’s Guri Rosén hosted University College Dublin and London an international workshop at the University School of Economics organised the third and of Gothenburg’s Centre for European final workshop and network meeting in the Research (CERGU). ANTERO Jean Monnet (ERASMUS+) network on EU foreign policy on 31 May-2 June. The Lisbon Treaty triggered a small revolution in the field of EU external relations by giving the This final workshop included research panels on the European Parliament the power to veto international effectiveness and coherence of EU foreign, security agreements. To date, it has done so on three and defence policies, as well as panels devoted to occasions, with SWIFT in 2010, on the Fisheries teaching in EU foreign policy. The workshop was Partnership Agreement with Morocco and with the organised by ANTERO coordinator Ben Tonra Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) in (University College Dublin). Johanna Strikwerda 2012. Focusing on the negotiation of international (ARENA) participated in a panel on whether security agreements, the main ambition of this workshop was can cause ineffectiveness and incoherence with to analyse how these processes of parliamentarisation her paper ‘The implementation of the Defence and and politicisation affect the EUs external relations. Security Procurement Directive’. A total of 11 papers were presented and discussed The goal of the ANTERO Network has been to over two days. In addition to organising the strengthen the interaction between research in the workshop, Rosén also presented her paper ‘To field of EU foreign policy and the translation of that protect or to serve? How MEPs respond to trade research through innovative, research-led teaching politicization’. (see pp. 14-15). Therefore, the workshop also included a public policy roundtable on how practitioners and academics can better collaborate to explain and understand EU foreign, security and defence policy. 52 Events

The EU: Promoting or obstructing global GLOBUS study tour to justice? India

GLOBUS researchers chaired the section ‘The The GLOBUS partner O.P. Jindal Global European Union: Promoting or obstructing University hosted GLOBUS researchers for a global justice’ at the EISA conference on week-long visit on 5-11 November. International Relations in Barcelona, GLOBUS researchers met with policy-makers, 13-16 September. civil society and other stakeholders during the In the context of intensified globalisation and study tour to India. The researchers took part in economic integration, there is increasing recognition a workshop with colleagues at JGU, the Indian that the settlement of justice claims cannot be Institute of Foreign Trade, and the Embassy of the confined to domestic political settings. Yet, the European Union to India, among others. They also concept of justice is contested. To the extent that met representatives from the Indian Council of the EU contributes to enhance global justice, what World Affairs, Research and Information System for conception of justice does it rely upon and to what Developing Countries, the Foreign Service Institute, extent is this conception echoed by state and non- the Energy and Resources Institute, and the National state actors outside of Europe? Human Rights Commission, as well as prominent The section engaged with theoretical debates on ministerial officials and civil society representatives. global political justice through analyses of the EU’s As a result of this trip, researchers achieved a global role. There was considerable interest for the better understanding of how Indian policy-makers call for papers for this section, which consisted of see their country’s role in the world as well as its eight panels with participation from both GLOBUS relationship to the EU. Discussions centred on researchers and researchers from the wider scholarly various aspects of India’s conception of world politics, community. especially how leaders, policymakers, and NGOs GLOBUS coordinator Helene Sjursen (ARENA) define global justice from an Indian perspective. convened the section along with Ben Tonra The trip contributed with valuable insights into all (University College Dublin). Sjursen also chaired a of the specific research projects of the GLOBUS panel on global justice and European security and consortium, including in areas of climate change, presented a paper on justice in foreign policy. ARENA migration, gender, trade, and security. This was researcher Johanne Døhlie Saltnes presented the the first in a series of four international study trips paper ‘Conceptions of justice in the EU’s trade and planned for GLOBUS. development policies’. Events 53

Left: The GLOBUS team meeting Indian policy-makers; right: Michela Ceccorulli at the GLOBUS migration workshop

Michela Ceccorulli from the University of Migration and global Bologna presented a paper on the reform of the justice asylum system in the EU, arguing that the reformed Common European Asylum System might worsen the protection of rights in certain member states. GLOBUS researchers from ARENA and the Espen D. H. Olsen from ARENA presented a University of Bologna gathered in Oslo for a paper on Norway’s approach to migration and asylum seminar on migration and justice on as a non-EU state. Norway sees its migration system 15 December. as fair and just. But how just is it really, Olsen asked. GLOBUS coordinator Helene Sjursen (ARENA) Kjartan Kock Mikalsen (NTNU) and Andreas chaired the seminar and gave a presentation on Eriksen (ARENA) participated as discussants. empirical indicators for three conceptions of global justice.

54 Events

ARENA Tuesday seminars

At the ARENA Tuesday seminars, external scholars as well as ARENA’s own staff are invited to present and defend their work in an inspiring and rewarding academic environment.

24 January 2017 2 May 2017 What’s wrong with the Euro and how to fix it Perceptions of the EU’s global energy governance in Erik Jones, Johns Hopkins University the light of the Paris Agreement on climate change Michèle Knodt, Technische Universität Darmstadt

28 February 2017 A ‘spiral of euroscepticism’? European Parliament 30 May 2017 elections, public contestation and media negativity One EU civil service or many? The General in Germany and the UK Secretariat of the Council and the European Charlotte Galpin and Hans-Jörg Trenz, Commission compared University of Copenhagen and ARENA Hussein Kassim and Sara Connolly, University of East Anglia

28 March 2017 This Tuesday seminar was also a TARN lecture European citizenship: an unhappy misunderstanding? 13 June 2017 Espen D. H. Olsen, ARENA Resistance to EU integration: accounting for like- minded reluctance to donor coordinatioon in EU development policy 25 April 2017 Johanne Døhlie Saltnes, ARENA Split vision: multidimensionality in the European Union’s legal policy space Daniel Naurin, PluriCourts (University of Oslo) Events 55

29 August 2017 21 November 2017 The whole and the parts: the demands of ‘unity in Expertisation of policy advice. Dynamics of the EU diversity’ Commission’s high level groups Dimitris N. Chryssochoou, Panteion University Åse Gornitzka and Eva Krick, ARENA

19 September 2017 28 November 2017 Cosmopolitan responsibility. Normative and Responding to the public in the European Union: a empirical dimensions process model of organizational mediatization Mitja Sienknecht, Berlin Social Science Center Pieter de Wilde, Norwegian University of Sciences (WZB) and Technology (NTNU)

26 September 2017 How are citizens’ judgments about international cooperation shaped? Experimental evidence from the Eastern periphery of Europe Dimiter Toshov, Leiden University

31 October 2017 Capacity, willingness, and sovereign default risk: reassuring the market in times of crisis Jørgen Bølstad, ARENA 56 Events

TARN lecture

ARENA organised a lecture with Hussein Kassim and Sara Connolly (University of East Anglia) as a part of the TARN lecture series on 30 May. Hussein Kassim and Sara Connolly gave the presentation ‘One EU civil service or many? The General Secretariat of the Council and the European Commission compared’. The paper presented describes the empirical findings of a statistical study comparing civil servants working at the European Commission and the General Secretariat of the Council. Formally, staff working for EU institutions are part of a single civil service, governed by the same rules, codes and Hussein Kassim and Sara Connolly giving a combined TARN lecture and Tuesday Seminar on 30 May procedures. Little is known, however, about the staff profile as a whole or in terms of individual parts of the EU civil service. Questions about the suitability of staff recruited and the subsequent alignment of their values with the principles of their workplace have so far been left unanswered. Kassim and Connolly found that despite EU administration staff’s similar backgrounds, their beliefs and values differ significantly. The data suggest that these differences result from socialisation after recruitment – that is, at the workplace. The TARN lecture was organised as a part of the Jean Monnet network TARN with nine partners (see p. 14). Events 57

Other conferences and events

ARENA’s staff organised and chaired panels and workshops as part of international academic conferences, in addition to giving invited lectures and academic papers at events organised by a range of research projects, networks and academic institutions.

Bølstad, Jørgen, ‘Not so similar after all? On non- Holst, Cathrine, ‘Scandianvian feminism and convergence in the Eurozone’, Annual Conference gender partnership’, Global Challenges - Nordic of EPSA, Milan, 22-24 June. Experiences conference, University of Oslo, 20-21 March Eriksen, Andreas, ‘Reclaiming responsibility’, Practical Philosophy Working Group, Annual — ‘Advisory commissions, academic knowledge and Workshop 2017, Oslo, 16-17 November. democratic legitimacy’, Instituttseminaret, Oslo, 24 March Eriksen, Erik Oddvar, ‘Lessons from the EU’s non- members’, LSE Lecture: The Brexit Alternatives — ‘Varieties of Normative Inquiry’, a comment to and their Implications, London School of Andrew Abbott’s lecture Varieties of Normative Economics (LSE), 27 November Inquiry, University of Oslo, 8 May Fossum, John Erik, ‘The European Council and — ‘Forholdet mellom vitenskap og normer’, the EU’s crises: a driver of core consolidation, Kvalitativt metodeforum, Oslo, 10 May a means of muddling through, or an instigator — ‘Advisory commissions, academic knowledge, and of fragmentation in Europe?’ SUMMIT democratic legitimacy: a Nordic case’, Workshop Dissemination Conference: The European on democracy, populism and technocracy, Larvik, Council. Spreading knowledge and fostering 5-7 October research, University of Cologne, 16-17 January — ‘Epistocracy and non-ideal theory. Unpacking the — ‘Are the lessons of the EEA relevant to Brexit’, the relationship between ideal and non-ideal theory’, conference Norway in Europe, University of Oslo, Berlin, 8-10 November 18 September — Comments to lecture by Hanspieter Kriesi, — ‘Nordic populism’, the workshop The New Populist Institutional Change in Democratic Societies, Right and Europe: Visions and Divisions, Oslo, 23 November University of Copenhagen, 29 November 58 Events

Holst, Cathrine and Christensen, Johan, ‘The role of — ‘Why there is no justification for parliaments academic knowledge in Norwegian think tanks’, playing a lesser role in external rather than CERGU Workshop on Think Tanks in Europe, internal decisions’, PACO Concluding Conference, University of Gothenburg, 20-22 September Brussels, 31 August Katsaitis, Alexander, ‘Politicization across the Menéndez, Agustín J., ‘Wither the “New” Spain? European Parliament’s Policy Domains’, 11th Spanish Politics Between Constitutional Max Weber Fellows’ June Conference, European Unsettlement, European Disintegration and University Institute, Badia, 7-9 June Socio-Economic Crisis’, part of the Contemporary History and Institutions of the Mediterranean Katsaitis, Alexander and Coen, David, ‘The Inner series, Johns Hopkins University, 24 April Circle? Interest Groups & Committee Hearings in the European Parliament. Throughput — ‘Heller entre Weimar y Madrid. La Gramática Legitimacy’, Workshop on throughput legitimacy, del Estado democrático y social’. Laboratorio KFG - Freie Universität Berlin, 28-29 June Weimar: La crisis de la primera globalización en Euroamérica, Complutense University of Madrid, Katsaitis, Alexander, David Coen and Wilhelm 13 November Lehmann, ‘How the Policy Conveyor Belt Impacts Interest Group Access: Diverse Lobbying Across Mikalsen, Kjartan Koch, ‘The irrelevance of history: the European Parliament’s Policy Cycle’, EUSA in defense of a pure functionalist theory of Fifteenth Biennial Conference, Miami, 4-6 May territorial jurisdiction’, Philosophy of Borders - nations, states and immigration, Budapest, Krick, Eva, ‘Quality criteria for non-scientific policy 3-4 February expertise’, Science Studies Colloquium, Oslo, 15 February Olsen, Espen D. H., ‘What kind of crisis and whose crisis is it? Conceptual considerations on the Lord, Christopher, ‘Democratic Assessment and European migration crisis’, EuroDiv workshop - Illiberal Democracy’, the conference Illiberal The EU and its Crises: from resilient ambiguity to Democracy? Poland in a Comparative ambiguous resilience – or beyond? Bratislava, perspective, University of Oxford, 3-4 March 20 April Events 59

Erik O. Eriksen giving a lecture at LSE on 27 November Chris Lord discussing Brexit during the conference ‘Rebooting Europe’. Right: Kristin Haugevik (NUPI) and Anne Deighton (University of Oxford)

Riddervold, Marianne and Newsome, Akasemi, — ‘From zero to hero? The European Parliament’s ‘Handbook: EU crisis, resilience and the future of new role in EU External Relations’, the 2017 the Union’, the workshop Global Europe in times Spring Lecture Series Rebels With a Cause? of uncertainty, 21-27 June Parliamentary Resilience in European and Global Governance, KU Leuven, 20 April — ‘Introduction: US-EU Relations in times of Uncertainty: Crises and transatlantic relations’, — ‘Proving Its Worth? Parliamentarisation of the workshop Global Europe in times of EU Trade Policy and Its Effects’, the 24th uncertainty, 21-27 June International Conference of Europeanists, Glasgow, 12-14 June Rosén, Guri, ‘Session on Secrecy Dilemma: Parliamentary Oversight and Public Access to — ‘An Exceptional Cleavage? Trade Policy in the Information’, the seminar Transparency and European Parliament’, American Political Science Secrecy in Foreign Policy, Kristiansand, 16 March Association (APSA) Annual Meeting 2017, San Francisco, 31 August - 3 September 60 Events

Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie, ‘Case Study of Donor Coordination in EU Development Policy’, the GLOBUS workshop Trade, Development and Global Justice, Johannesburg, 30 May - 1 June Schwarzkopf, Anke Stefanie, ‘Resistance to EU Power? The EU’s Status and Role in the United Nations’, Early-career Scholars’ workshop on EU- UN Relations, The Institut Barcelona d’Estudis Internacionals (IBEI), 13 September Sjursen, Helene, ‘The Capabilities-Expectations Gap in 2017’, symposium in Honour of Professor Christopher Hill, London School of Economics, 12 May — Panel debate at the GLOBUS workshop Trade, Development and Global Justice, Johannesburg, 30 May - 1 June Trenz, Hans-Jörg and Sukosd, Miklos, ‘The New Right and Europe’, introductory remarks at the workshop The New Populist Right and Europe: Visions and Divisions, University of Copenhagen, 29 November Trondal, Jarle and Gänzle, Stefan, ‘The ECOWAS Commission and its impact on regional integration in Western Africa’, paper presented at the International Studies Association Annual Conference, Baltimore, 22 February Outreach 62 Outreach

The Power of Economists

Economists have a large impact on policy- had stimulated the economy by cutting taxes for a making and there is no such thing as a long time’, Christensen explained. Furthermore, they neutral bureaucrat, Johan Christensen said also introduced a number of special deductions and when presenting his newest book on 22 May. exceptions. ‘The combination of lowering taxes and collecting them on an ever narrowing tax base meant Johan Christensen (Leiden University) is together that when the crisis hit and the economy didn’t grow with Cathrine Holst (ARENA) the coordinator by eight percent per year anymore, Ireland simply of the ARENA project ‘EUREX: Expertization of didn’t have the money to cover its expenses’. public inquiry commissions in a Europeanized Ireland’s tax policy was directly contrary to what administrative order’ (see pp. 10-11). In cooperation was considered good tax policy. Norway, however, with Partnerforum, EUREX organised a book was the opposite after several reforms. launch for Christensen’s monography ‘The Power of Economists Within the State’ (Stanford Uni. Press). Anti-intellectual mood The seminar was closely related to the project’s Christensen maintains that the difference in the central research question - the role of scientific influence of economists can explain the difference expertise in the preparation of public policies - and between the two countries: ‘In Ireland, the Ministry gathered 200 participants from relevant sectors. of Finance employed almost no economists. Only Holst opened the seminar, followed by a presentation seven percent of the employees had a master’s degree from Christensen and comments by two distinguished or higher in economics – and only 30 percent had a experts of economics and history, Einar Lie (UiO) master’s degree at all’, Christensen said. and Ådne Cappelen (Statistics Norway). An anti-intellectual mood prevailed in the Norway was the opposite of Ireland Ministry. ‘It’s about getting the job done, not running around on conferences and presenting papers’, as one In 2009 the financial crisis was raging. Ireland public servant put it, according to Christensen. had been praised as an economic miracle, but was now one of the countries hit hardest by the crisis. Historical circumstances decide What had gone wrong? In his book, Christensen In Norway, however, economists have had much examined and compared the influence of economists power over economic policy ever since WW2. on tax policy in four countries: Ireland, Denmark, Historical factors are partly to blame. Ireland Norway, and New Zealand: ‘The Irish government imported a UK model where public servants are hired Outreach 63

Expertise ‘Economists had academic, technical knowledge that politicians and other professionals didn’t necessarily have’, according to Christensen. ‘The economists were allowed to define the problem with existing tax policy – to them, the problem was efficiency’, Christensen said. ‘The tax system didn’t contribute to an efficient use of resources. And they were able to show this with various analyses of tax rates and their effects’. In Norway, economic expertise gave the bureaucracy tools to stand up to politicians. In Ireland, by comparison, officials neglected to carry The Norwegian minister of finance Siv Jensen in a meeting out even the most basic analyses, which allowed with her civil servants (Photo: Lise Åserud / NTB Scanpix) politicians to do as they pleased with the tax system. Ideology based on a central, general exam. This gives Ireland Ideology was also a crucial factor. To many generalist bureaucrats who can work almost economists, economic theory was in itself an anywhere, at the expense of specialised experts. important motivation to carry out reforms, said Norway practices local employment where you pick Christensen: ‘If expertise was the murder weapon, people for each individual position. Furthermore, the ideology was the motive’. alliance between the Norwegian Labour Party and Norms the dominant circle of economists at and around the University of Oslo gave economists a prominent role Furthermore, there existed an idea about in the social democratic state constructed after WW2. professionalism among economists, a strong But does the role of economists determine who is identification as economists. This meant that in charge of tax policy? Christensen argues that the economists were willing to be disobedient and step presence of economists affected the power balance into the policy field – in stark contrast to the classic between bureaucrats and politicians in three ways: image of the neutral bureaucrat. through expertise, ideology, and norms. 64 Outreach

Rebooting Europe: A Europe in Transition

About a hundred participants from the the political and social divisions within British government and academia participated in the society, arguing that Brexit is both a product of the Research Council of Norway’s annual ‘Europe breakdown in the British social and political system conference’ on 1 December. and a likely source of further crises within it. The world today is less stable than it has been in Solidarity, Crisis and Global Justice several decades. Brexit, migration, rising nationalism Jarle Trondal gave a presentation on ‘Governance and an EU under increasing pressure make up-to- in Turbulent Times - Europe’s integrated date, research based knowledge about our closest administrative system’, based on his research where allies and cooperation partners more crucial than he explores how organisations and institutions ever. Are we heading towards a new Europe? If so, respond to new and turbulent governance challenges. what does this entail for Norway? These were among Hans-Jörg Trenz gave a presentation on the questions asked at the conference attended by ‘European Solidarity in Times of Crisis’, with a special academics and bureaucrats, civil society, and the focus on migration, the refugee crisis and european new Minister of EU and EEA Affairs Marit Berger integration. Røsland. Helene Sjursen gave the presentation ‘The EU The seminar was organised as part of the - a Resource for Global Justice’, where she presented Research Council of Norway’s programme ‘Europe the preliminary findings of ARENA’s Horizon in Transition’ (EUROPA). Erik O. Eriksen is 2020 project ‘GLOBUS - Reconsidering European project leader for ARENA’s EuroDiv project (see pp. Contributions to Global Justice’. ARENA could 2-3), which is funded by EUROPA. develop this project largely thanks to the research of The new Minister of EU and EEA Affairs EuroDiv, funded by EUROPA. announced that the program will be renewed, though Other topics covered at the seminar were the under a new funding scheme. future of European integration by Ulf Sverdrup Brexit, Norway and the EEA and the changes in European Foreign, Security and Defence policy by Pernille Rieker (both NUPI), Chris Lord took part in a discussion panel on Brexit migration policy by Jan-Paul Brekke (ISF), climate together with Anne Deighton from the University governance in the EU by Guri Bang (CICERO), and of Oxford and Kristin Haugevik from NUPI. Lord macroeconomics by Halvor Mehlum (UiO). focused on how the Brexit vote has only deepened Outreach 65

The Global Justice Blog

The global justice blog is an academic commentary that is part of the GLOBUS project. The aim is to enhance debates on, and understandings of, global justice. The blog is edited by ARENA’s Johanne Døhlie Saltnes. It posts contributions on topics ranging from the WTO and trade to climate change and gender equality:

Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie and Kjartan Koch Mikalsen, von Lucke, Franz, ‘Climate justice from Kyoto to ‘Is the World Trade Organization unjust?’, Paris’, 9 June 2017 20 February 2017 Gumede, William, ‘The International Criminal Court Tonra, Ben, ‘Resilience and EU Foreign Policy: A and Accountability in Africa’, 17 July 2017 promise of justice as mutual recognition?’, 1 March 2017 Go to: globus.uio.no/blog Holst, Cathrine, ‘A global setback for women’s rights?’, 9 March 2017 Ceccorulli, Michela, ‘The EU Global Strategy: The opportunity for self-reflection on “resilience”’, 3 April 2017 66 Outreach

Other outreach activities

Eriksen, Erik Oddvar, ‘Differensiert integrasjon og — ‘Om kunnskapskilder i offentlig politikkutforming’, demokratisk legitimitet i Europa’, Temadager om Skjervheimseminaret, Stalheim, 15-17 May europapolitikk, Oslo, 24 November — ‘Den unge Marx’ ekspertifiseringskritikk’. Marx, Fossum, John Erik, ‘Brexit and the EEA’, Round-table rett og samfunn, University of Oslo, 9 June briefing, Oslo, 19 October — ‘Feminisme i sosiologien’, Fagkritisk dag, Holst, Cathrine, ‘Rapport fra den digitale fronten’. University of Oslo, 3 August Panel on Rapport fra den digitale fronten, 12 — ‘Ekspertenes inntog. “Stort skrik og lite ull”, January public seminar Eilert Sundt og visjonane om — ‘Committee Governance in Consensus Cultures’, kunnskapsbasert politikk, National Library of Vinterseminaret, 3-5 February Norway, Oslo, 24 August — ‘Norsk Sosiologforenings Hederspris 2017 til Else — ‘Kunnskapsbasert politikk?’ Agenda-akademiet, Øyen’, Vinterseminaret, 3-5 February Oslo, 26-27 August — ‘Generasjonsstafetter i kjønnsforskningen: — ‘Feminisme - venstre - høyre’, Civita-akademiet, Et blikk på sosiologien’. Cathrine Holst in Oslo, 2-3 September conversation with Karin Widerberg at the seminar — ‘Politikk for likelønn’, seminar at Likestillings- og Generasjonsstafetter i kjønnsforskningen: Hvem diskrimineringsombudet (the Norwegian equality skal bære “arven” videre - og hvordan? University and anti-discrimination ombudsman), Oslo, of Oslo, 9 February 5 September — ‘Perspektiv på verket “Det norske samfunn”, — ‘Hvor stor makt har økonomene?’ the festival panel discussion at the public event Sosiologien Økonomifestivalen, Stavanger, 2-3 November og samfunnet: Fra premissleverandør til marginalisering? Litteraturhuset, Oslo, — ‘Expertise and legitimacy’, PROLEG lunch, Bergen, 28 February 7 November — ‘Forskning og politikkutvikling’, program seminar for KULMEDIA, Research Council of Norway, 16-17 March Outreach 67

Media contributions

As a centre for research on issues directly affecting European citizens, ARENA aims to reach out beyond the research community. The staff contribute to the public debate in print and broadcast media, commenting upon topical issues with research-based knowledge.

Op-eds Europeisk integrasjon er vår tids franske revolusjon, Erik O. Eriksen, Dagbladet, 23 January Brexit blir en tøff affære, Erik O. Eriksen, NRK, 15 February Folket og forskerne, Cathrine Holst, Minerva, 7 August Demokrati på norsk – valgkamp og EU, Jarle Trondal and Nadja Kühn, Agderposten, 22 September Ekspertene kommer, Cathrine Holst, Morgenbladet, 29 September ‘Revolusjonen som tapte sin røst’, John Erik Fossum and Øivind Bratberg, Samtiden. Tidsskrift for politikk, litteratur og samfunnsspørsmål 127(4), 22 November Brexit – en norsk hodepine, Erik O. Eriksen, Dagens Perspektiv, 28 November Nei, problemene er ikke løst, Erik O. Eriksen, NRK Ytring, 2 December

Folkeviljens fallitt?, John Erik Fossum and Øivind Erik O. Eriksen with an op-ed about Brexit in the Norwegian Bratberg, Dagsavisen, 4 December Business Daily ‘Dagens Næringsliv’ Brexit – et kunnskapsproblem, Erik O. Eriksen, Dagens Næringsliv, 14 December 68 Outreach

Interviews based on own research Blogs and comments Dette er den nye feminismen, Cathrine Holst, Europeisk integrasjon er vår tids franske revolusjon, Forskning.no, 23 January Erik O. Eriksen, Erik O. Eriksens blogg, 23 January Gode kommisjoner virker forsonende, Cathrine Holst and Eva Krick, University of Oslo, 2 July Ingen “Rosenpickerei”, Erik O. Eriksen, Erik O. Eriksens blogg, 3 February Norsk-koordinerte prosjekter trekkes frem i Horisont 2020, Helene Sjursen, Norwegian Research Is the World Trade Organization unjust? Johanne Council, 28 August Døhlie Saltnes and Kjartan Koch Mikalsen, Global Justice Blog, 20 February ARENA-prosjekt får skryt i evaluering av Horisont 2020, Helene Sjursen, Uniforum, 30 August The 2017 UK election: reflections from Norway, John Erik Fossum, Election Analysis (date unknown) GLOBUS trekkes fram som suksesshistorie, Helene Sjursen, Universitetet i Oslo, 31 August ‘You’ll hate it’: why the Norway option amounts to self-inflicted subservience to the EU, Erik O. Økt makt til ekspertene kan bli et problem, Cathrine Eriksen, LSE Brexit Blog, 20 November Holst, Fagpressenytt, 2 September Brexit – en norsk hodepine, Erik O. Eriksen, Demokrati består av både konflikter og kompromiss, forskning.no, 27 November Johan P. Olsen, University of Oslo, 5 September Professional ethics in the age of AI: Upgrading to Ekspertstyrt politikk, Cathrine Holst, Rix, v3.0, Andreas Eriksen, Professional Ethics, 6 September 6 September Demokrati er vilje til å inngå kompromiss, Johan P. The European Parliament’s empowerment in EU Olsen, Forskning.no, 7 September external trade policy, Guri Rosén, JEPP Online Den mystiske ministerposten, Jarle Trondal, Dag og Blog, 25 September Tid, 8 September Die Demokratie beleben, Eva Krick, der Freitag, 6 December Outreach 69

Johanna Strikwerda interviewed about the Dutch election by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation

The known unknowns of Brexit, Christopher Lord, Solbergs nasjonalisme-retorikk vekker oppsikt, Erik Erik O. Eriksens blog (guest entry), 15 December O. Eriksen, NRK, [interview], 15 February Cathrine Holst: - Vi ser et globalt tilbakeslag, News commentaries and expert opinions Cathrine Holst, Aftenposten [interview], 8 March Solbergs utsegner vekkjer oppsikt, Erik O. Eriksen, Nederlands høyrenasjonalist, Johanna Strikwerda, Nationen [interview], 10 January NRK Urix [TV Interview], 8 March Theresa May varsler fullt brudd med EU, Erik O. Geert Wilders har stjålet det meste av Eriksen, Bergens Tidene/NTB [interview], oppmerksomheten foran parlamentsvalget i 17 January Nederland den 15. mars, Erik O. Eriksen, Dagens Austerrike vil innskrenke fri rørsle, Espen D.H. Olsen Næringsliv [interview], 10 March and Erik O. Eriksen, Nationen [interview], Publikasjonspoeng utløser økonomiske midler til 24 January opphavsinstitusjon, altså penger i kassa for UiA, - USA og Russland styrker høyrepopulister i Europa, Jarle Trondal, Agderposten [interview], 11 March Erik O. Eriksen, Vårt Land/NTB [interview], 2 February 70 Outreach

Norsk professor i opprop for å berge EU i eksistensiell krise, John Erik Fossum, ABC Nyheter [interview], 11 March Konflikten med Tyrkia kan avgjøre valget i Nederland, Erik O. Eriksen, Dagbladet [interview], 15 March - Wilders har flyttet debatten drastisk til høyre, Erik O. Eriksen, Newshub NO [interview], 16 March Dokument – EU 60 år, Hans-Jörg Trenz, Nationen [interview], 24 March Erik O. Eriksen in ‘Aftenposten’ about the need for more Tar fartskrangelen i EU med knusende ro, Erik O. research on Europe and the EU Eriksen, Aftenposten [interview], 24 March Kan gå mot eit meir oppdelt EU, Helene Sjursen, Ein valuta med tillitsproblem, Asimina Michailidou, Nationen [interview], 24 March Dag og Tid [interview], 26 May Vil ha ny kurs for Europa, Jarle Trondal, Aftenposten Ser bort fra Trump: Europa må ta lederskap. Trumps [interview], 25 March hvite hus, Erik O. Eriksen, Dagbladet [interview], Frykter nådeløs maktkamp, Erik O. Eriksen, NRK 3 June [interview], 29 March EU-ledere frykter svakt Storbritannia i Storbritannia forlater EU, uten å nevne EØS. – Det brexitforhandlingene, Erik O. Eriksen. VG er skuffende og farlig for oss, Erik O. Eriksen, [interview], 9 June Dagbladet [interview], 29 March ARENA-forsker i publiseringstoppen, Jarle Trondal, Forholdet til EU i spill, Erik O. Eriksen, Dagsavisen University of Oslo [interview], 19 June [interview], 19 April Ønsker å prege den internasjonale fagdebatten, Jarle Krever stans av EØS-midler og tiggere, Erik O. Trondal, Universitetet i Agder [interview], 22 June Eriksen, Dagens Næringsliv [interview], 6 May Outreach 71

Left: Asimina Michailidou interviwed by ‘Dag og tid’ about the lack of trust in the euro; right: Erik O. Eriksen interviewed by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation about the conflict between Poland and the EU

- Et slag for innvandringskritikken, John Erik NHO-sjefen vil ikke ha britisk storebror, Erik O. Fossum, Dagsavisen [interview], 23 June Eriksen, Dagens Næringsliv [interview], 17 August Han er UiAs toppforsker, Jarle Trondal, Frps stabilitet overrasker forskere, Erik O. Eriksen, Fædrelandsvennen [interview], 26 June Vårt Land [interview], 4 September Trondal på topp, Jarle Trondal, Aust Agder Blad Rød nedtur, Erik O. Eriksen, Vårt Land [interview], [interview], 27 June 6 September Slik blir nordmenns rettigheter i Storbritannia etter Tettere bånd mellom forskere og NAV, Cathrine brexit, Erik O. Eriksen, VG [interview], 28 June Holst, Velferd [interview], 19 September Angela Merkel har vunnet nordmenns tillit, viser Norge har vært medlem av EU siden juni 1994, Erik Dagbladets tall, Erik O. Eriksen, Dagbladet O. Eriksen, Faktisk.no/NRK [interview], [interview], 10 July 26 September 72 Outreach

Nederlandske politikere har forhandlet om ny regjering i over 200 dager. Mandag kan de slå egen rekord, Johanna Strikwerda, Aftenposten [interview], 5 October Forstår ikke katalanernes «merkelige oppførsel», Erik O. Eriksen, Dagens Næringsliv [interview], 12 October Ekspertenes inntog, Cathrine Holst, NRK Verdibørsen [radio interview], 17 October Her er de krevende sakene for Røsland, Erik O. Eriksen, Nationen [interview], 21 October Tar kontroll over Catalonia, Erik O. Eriksen, Dagens Næringsliv [interview], 30 October Millionane som vil endre Spania, Agustín Menéndes, Dag og Tid [interview], 3 November Opprør mot stipendkutt, Cathrine Holst, Klassekampen [interview], 15 November EU varslar sterkare satsning på sosiale rettar, Erik O. Eriksen, Nationen [interview], 21 NovemberDen nye feministbylgja, Cathrine Holst, Dag og Tid [interview], 1 December Efta kan bli større, Erik O. Eriksen, Nationen [interview], 5 December

Folkeavstemning – en god idé? John Erik Fossum, Agustín J. Menéndez interviewed by ‘Dag og Tid’ about the NRK P2 Studio 2 [radio interview], 7 December Catalan independence movement in Spain Organisation and staff 74 Organisation and staff

Personnel and economy The ARENA Board

As a research centre based at the Faculty of Social Chair Sciences at the University of Oslo, the main part of Magnus Gulbrandsen ARENA’s budget is financed by external funding Centre for Technology, Innovation and Culture (TIK), sources. In 2017, the centre’s main sources of external University of Oslo funding were the Research Council of Norway, the EU’s Horizon 2020 programme, the Norwegian Ministry of Defence and the Norwegian Ministry of Local Government and Modernisation. Board members Ingvild Marheim Larsen Key figures 2017 Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research

Professors including research 6 Asgeir Fløtre professors (work years) Norwegian Ministry of Local Government and Modernisation Senior researchers and post docs 7.7 (work years) Steinar Stjernø PhD fellows 7.3 Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences MA students 5 Marit Eldholm Administrative staff 4 Espen D. H. Olsen Research assistants 2 Staff representatives 26 Total budget (NOK million) Deputy members for staff representatives: External financing 73 % Johanne Døhlie Saltnes and Jørgen Bølstad

Organisation and staff 75

ARENA Management

ARENA Director Administrative Director Prof. Erik Oddvar Eriksen Ida Hjelmesæth Eriksen has been professor at Hjelmesæth has worked the University of Tromsø and in ARENA’s research the University of Bergen, administration since 2008 and professor II at the Centre for been Administrative Director the Study of Professions at since September 2015. Oslo University College, and is On leave from October currently an adjunct professor at the University of Aalborg.

Eriksen’s main research fields are political theory, public policy and European integration. His Tara Sarin interest in legitimate rule has led to publications on democracy in the EU, governance and leadership, Sarin has been Head of functions and limits of the state, deliberative Administration for the K.G. democracy, trust, regional politics, security politics Jebsen Inflammation Research and the welfare state. Centre at the University of Oslo/Oslo University Hospital. She also has national and international project management experience from EU-funded projects and the United Nations. From October 76 Organisation and staff

Academic staff

Dr. Jørgen Bølstad Dr. Eva Krick Research: Political economy, political Research: Political theory, comparative psychology, democratic representation, politics, role of expertise in policy- quantitative methods, time series making, decision-making, legitimacy, analysis. climate and energy policy From March

Dr. Andreas Eriksen Prof. Christopher Lord Research: Political theory, legitimacy, Research: Democracy, legitimacy, professional judgment, role moralities, political parties in the EU, the history normative cognitivism, public reason. of Britain and Europe, the political economy of the monetary union From September

Prof. John Erik Fossum Dr. Asimina Michailidou Research: Political theory, democracy Research: Public sphere theory, and constitutionalism in the EU and political and public communication, Canada, Europeanisation, nation-state globalization and political activism, transformation online media and impact on EU politics

Dr. Alexander Katsaitis Dr. Espen D. H. Olsen Research: Lobbying, interest groups, Research: European citizenship, the European Parliament, pluralism, EU integration, citizen deliberation, democracy, legitimacy deliberative democracy, the Eurocrisis, political theory, qualitative methods From July Organisation and staff 77

Part-time

Prof. Emeritus Johan P. Olsen Dr. Mai’a K. Davis Cross Research: Organisational decision- Professor, Political Science, Northeastern making, New Institutionalism, University democracy, power and the Research: European foreign and secu- Scandinavian model, the changing rity policy (CFSP/CSDP), diplomacy, political organisation of Europe public diplomacy, soft/smart power

Prof. Morten Egeberg Dr. Guri Rosén Professor, Department of Political Science, Research: EU’s external trade policy, University of Oslo the Common Foreign and Security Research: The role of organisation- Policy, the European Parliament al factors in political systems, the European Commission, the relationship between the EU and the national levels, EU agencies and national executives

Johanne Døhlie Saltnes Prof. Åse Gornitzka Research: The EU’s development Professor, Department of Political Science and vice rector, University of Oslo policy, the EU’s foreign and security policy, sanctions Research: European education and research policy, the role of expertise in EU policy-making, the domestic impact of the EU’s soft modes of governance

Prof. Helene Sjursen Prof. Cathrine Holst Research: The EU as an international Research: Political theory, philosophy actor, the EU’s foreign and security of social science, the role of expertise policy, EU enlargement, democratic in the EU, gender equality policies, aspects of foreign and security policy feminist theory and gender studies 78 Organisation and staff

PhD fellows Prof. Agustín José Menéndez Tine Elisabeth Johnsen Brøgger Profesor Contratado Doctor Permanente PhD project: ‘The EU in crisis: I3, University of León Implications for the Common Security Research: Democracy, fundamental and Defence Policy’ rights, legitimacy, EU constitutional theory, national vs. EU law, the EU’s social dimension Trym Nohr Fjørtoft PhD project: ‘Expertise and democracy in non-majoritarian institutions’ Prof. Hans-Jörg Trenz EURECO Professor, Centre for Modern European Studies, University of Copenhagen Claire Godet Research: European public sphere and civil society, cultural and political soci- PhD project: ‘How does the EU ology, migration and ethnic minorities, legitmacy crisis prevent the reform European civilisation and identity of its failed policies? The case of the Emissions Trading System’

Prof. Jarle Trondal Stine Hesstvedt Professor, University of Agder PhD project: ‘Experts in policymaking: Research: EU as a political system, The case of Norwegian public inquiry administrative integration/transforma- commissions’ tion, EU/EEA and Norway, European Commission, EU committee governance

Joris Melman PhD project: ‘Popular understandings of the legitimacy of the EU response to the financial crisis’ Organisation and staff 79

Guest researchers

Jan Pesl Antonio Calcara PhD project: ‘The EU’s post-crisis PhD candidate, LUISS Guido Carli University - Rome legitimacy and the public sphere’ Project: ‘European cooperation in defence procurement’ (ANTERO) June-July Anke S. Schwarzkopf PhD project: ‘The role of the European Union at the United Nations’ Torbjørn Gundersen PhD candidate, OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University Helena Seibicke Project: EPISTO and REFLEX PhD project: ‘The European Women’s June-August and November-December Lobby: Advocacy in the EU’s Discursive Opportunity Structure’

Johanna Strikwerda Lyudmila Igumnova Associate Professor, Irkutsk State PhD project: ‘Pushing the boundaries University of inter-governmentalism? The role of Project: ‘Soft, normative or the Commission in the CFSP’ transformative power: what kind of actor the European external action service is in communications to Russia’ Silje H. Tørnblad September PhD project: ‘The European Commission’s expert groups: More than expertise?’ 80 Organisation and staff

Eva Krick Kjartan Koch Mikalsen Postdoctoral fellow, Humboldt University Associate Professor, Norwegian University Berlin of Technology and Science (NTNU) Project: ‘Participatory governance Project: GLOBUS and REFLEX in knowledge-intensive fields - Until May Reconciling epistemic and political authority in energy and climate policy’ Until February Marianne Riddervold Associate Professor, Inland Norway Bruno Oliveira Martins University of Applied Sciences Postdoctoral fellow, University of Malmö Project: ‘The maritime turn in EU Project: ‘Intersections between foreign and security policies’ technological developments, security Until December practices, and societal change’ March-August Bent Sofus Tranøy Professor, Hedmark University College David Mayes and Oslo School of Management Professor and Director of the Europe Project: ‘Political economy and the Institute, University of Auckland Eurocrisis’ Project: ‘Implications of banking union All year (part time) and fiscal aspects of monetary union’ (EuroDiv and REFLEX) Hayley Walker Until November PhD Fellow, KU Leuven Project: ‘Multilateral negotiations on climate and the environment’ (ANTERO and GLOBUS) June-July Organisation and staff 81

Administration Research assistants

Mads A. Danielsen Ragnhild Grønning Senior Executive Officer (communications)

From November

Maria Dikova Jorunn Skodje Senior Executive Officer (project management, publications and events)

Marit Eldholm PLATO Project Manager Adviser

Geir Ove Kværk GLOBUS Project Manager Senior Adviser 82 Organisation and staff

MA students

Spring 2017 Autumn 2017

Stein Arne Brekke Martin Moland ‘Establishing a common european asy- ‘Legitimacy and trust as victims of lum system: Tracing the impact of EU institutionalized austerity: A statistical policy making on asylum outcomes’ analysis of persistent effects of austerity Supervisor: Jørgen Bølstad on trust in and support for the EU’ Supervisor: Jørgen Bølstad

Eirik Tegle Stenstad Hans Jacob Sandberg ‘Failing forward towards reduced ‘A Horn in the Side: A case study on instability? Integration and aggregation why the EU has interfered in Somalia’ in EU financial regulation’ Supervisor: Helene Sjursen Supervisor: Bent Sofus Tranøy

Joachim Vigrestad ‘Partnerships for Sustainable Trade? EU’s Trade and Sustainable Development Chapters in the Context of Global Justice’ Supervisor: Helene Sjursen 83