DOCSLIB.ORG

P E R C E P T IO NS of GERMANY B a L T IC SEA RE GION Andris Sprūds Elizabete Vizgunova I N the SEC U R IT Y O F T

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
P E R C E P T IO NS of GERMANY B a L T IC SEA RE GION Andris Sprūds Elizabete Vizgunova I N the SEC U R IT Y O F T PERCEPTIONS OF GERMANY IN THE SECURITY OF THE BALTIC SEA REGION SEA OF GERMANY IN THE SECURITY BALTIC PERCEPTIONS e Latvian Institute of International Aairs is the oldest Latvian G E R M think tank that specializes in foreign and security policy analysis. It is an O F A N S Y independent research institute that conducts research, develops N publications and organizes public lectures and conferences related to I O global aairs and Latvia's international role and policies. T P E C R www.liia.lv E P I N T H E S Konrad-Adenauer-Stiung (KAS) is a German political foundation E named aer the rst Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany. C His name is synonymous with the rm alignment of foreign policy with U the transatlantic community of values and the vision of a unied R Europe. I T Y With more than 80 oces abroad and projects in 120 states, G I O N KAS actively promotes the values of freedom, justice and solidarity E R O around the globe. e Nordic Countries Project of KAS based in A Riga/Latvia strengthens the ties between Germany and the Nordic E F S Countries by promoting political dialogue, organizing political confer- C ences and further improvement of cooperation with ink Tanks, I T non-governmental organizations and the civil society. T H L A E B www.kas.de EDITORS Andris Sprūds Elizabete Vizgunova PERCEPTIONS OF GERMANY IN THE SECURITY OF THE BALTIC SEA REGION EDITORS Andris Sprūds Elizabete Vizgunova PERCEPTIONS OF GERMANY IN THE SECURITY OF THE BALTIC SEA REGION EDITORS Andris Sprūds Elizabete Vizgunova Supported by: The book project ‘Perceptions of Germany in the Security of the Baltic Sea Region’ assembles the contributions from Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and Germany. It assesses the perceptions of Germany’s contribution to hard, soft and regional security of the Baltic Sea region. The publication also engages in a mapping exercise, pinning down the most important perception- drivers – various stake-holders from public and private sector and most important security narratives – and offers recommendations. Editors: Andris Sprūds, Elizabete Vizgunova Authors: Costan Barzanje, Malte Engelmann, Emil Jørgensen Øverbø, Riina Kaljurand, Barbara Kunz, Piret Kuusik, Santtu Lehtinen, Benjamin Mangus, Aylin Matlé, Matti Pesu, Anke Schmidt-Felzmann, Andris Sprūds, Monika Sus, Amelie Theussen, Elizabete Vizgunova Project coordinators: Elizabete Vizgunova, Elīna Klīve English language editor: Līvija Anna Uskale Layout: Oskars Stalidzāns Cover design: Zigmunds Lapsa This book is published in collaboration with the Publishers Hansa Print. The opinions expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Latvian Institute of International Affairs or the Konrad Adanauer Stiftung. ISBN 978-9934-567-27-8 © Authors of the articles, 2018 UDK 327(4) © Zigmunds Lapsa, cover design, 2018 Pe505 © Oskars Stalidzāns, layout, 2018 © Latvian Institute of International Affairs, 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Andris Sprūds, Elizabete Vizgunova, Benjamin Mangus . 7 THE WIDER CONTEXT: GERMANY’S BALTIC ENGAGEMENT, THE ‘MUNICH CONSENSUS’ AND THE FUTURE OF EUROPEAN SECURITY Barbara Kunz . 11 GERMANY’S ROLE AND SELF-PERCEPTION AS A SECURITY PROVIDER IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION Malte Engelmann, Aylin Matlé . .26 PRAGMATIC PARTNERSHIP WITH THE NEED FOR MORE? DANISH PERCEPTIONS OF GERMANY AS SECURITY ACTOR IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION Amelie Theussen . .44 WAITING FOR GODOT? ESTONIAN PERCEPTION OF GERMANY IN THE SECURITY OF THE BALTIC SEA REGION Riina Kaljurand, Piret Kuusik . .64 A WILLING PARTNER IN THE NORTH: FINNISH PERCEPTIONS ON GERMANY AS A BALTIC POWER Matti Pesu, Santtu Lehtinen . 77 THE SECURITY ROLE OF GERMANY IN LATVIA POST-CRIMEA: NAVIGATING CHARTED WATERS Elizabete Vizgunova . .92 A NEW SECURITY PROVIDER? LITHUANIAN-GERMAN SECURITY COOPERATION Neringa Bladaitė, Margarita Šešelgytė . .115 GERMANY IN A NORWEGIAN SECURITY PERSPECTIVE: A LIKE-MINDED ALLY IN A CHANGING SECURITY ENVIRONMENT Emil Jørgensen Øverbø . 136 GERMANY IN POLISH SECURITY – ‘IRREPLACEABLE NEIGHBOUR’ BUT NOT AN IRREVERSIBLE PARTNER Monika Sus . .156 SWEDISH PERCEPTIONS OF GERMANY’S ROLE IN BALTIC SEA SECURITY Anke Schmidt-Felzmann, Costan Barzanje . .175 INDIFFERENCE IS NOT AN OPTION. GERMANY’S GROWING ROLE IN THE SECURITY OF THE BALTIC SEA REGION Andris Sprūds, Elizabete Vizgunova . 208 ABOUT THE AUTHORS . 219 6 INTRODUCTION Andris Sprūds, Elizabete Vizgunova, Benjamin Mangus The March 2014 annexation of Crimea marks a turning point in the Russia- West relationship, making the three Baltic States the frontline in a conflict between Russia and the West. Despite the heightened level of awareness of the security and the strategic situation of the Baltic Sea region (BSR) in the West, the regional security situation has only grown more complicated due to turbulence within the EU, the transatlantic relationship and the uncertain fate of the western style of governance. Amid these events, the question of Germany’s place in regional and European security is increasingly pertinent. Although Germany’s size and economic strength requires it to take even more leadership in the future, the country’s exact military potential is still unknown. In addition, the longstanding tradition of Ostpolitik has led to a virtual clash of strategies in how to approach Russia. Germany therefore has the potential to become a European ‘game-changer’ or ‘deal-breaker’. On the flipside, the BSR has also undergone rapid change that has far-reaching implications for the actors that have already been active in the region, and those who are still defining their interests. Germany’s recent recommitment to the region could be interpreted as a step towards rediscovering it’s ‘Baltic-ness’ and defining its strategic interest in the BSR. Whereas international attention has enabled the region to benefit from increasing regional security cooperation – including a stronger link between NATO, Finland and Sweden, NORDEFCO, and enhanced military cooperation between the three Baltic States – it has also led to an increased conflict of geopolitical interests. The proximity of the conflict in Ukraine and the tense relationship with Russia has pushed the bordering states of Russia to sound the alarm bells; even more so, it seems to have ended the détente between Germany and Russia and propelled a military strategic awakening for NATO. The countries of the region, included in this edition – Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland and Sweden – are 7 bound together by various regional formats, including the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS), the Nordic-Baltic 6 and the Nordic-Baltic 8, the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region (EUSBSR), inter alia. Geographically, the region is linked to the Arctic, the Nordic countries, the post-Soviet space and central Europe, creating ever differing approaches to security and threats. In addition, the security of the three Baltic States is highly dependent on the US policy, which is becoming more erratic by the day. Clearly, the region has never been a priority in Berlin; rather, it has remained just one of Germany’s fields of foreign policy. However, as the region has become a security concern on a transatlantic scale, several changes may be expected. Two of them are of significance for the three Baltic States – Latvia, in particular. Firstly, Germany’s recommitment to European security, announced in the Munich Security Conference speech of 2014, indicates that the strategic awareness of Germany of the security situation in the BSR is likely to continue to increase in the future. This also means that the understanding of regional security threats in Berlin is more likely to align with that of Riga. Secondly, besides establishing itself as a regional security actor by leading the NATO forces in Lithuania, Germany seems to have taken the first steps to formulating a coherent approach to the Baltic States. Reciprocally, this volume’s primary goal is therefore to examine the developing perceptions of the regional players of Germany. The publication also aims to advance the placing of the BSR in Berlin’s agenda, as it offers both a comprehensive overview of national particularities, as well as recommendations for advancing security cooperation. For this volume, ‘perceptions’ were broadly defined primarily according to the constructivist world-view. It followed the ideas explored by Nicholas Onuf, Friedrich Kratochwil and Alexander Wendt, giving the authors full liberty to develop their own emphases and assessments, as this diversity of approaches is crucial for researching the complexity of the Baltic region. It relies on the assumption that we, in our social interactions, act differently with friends and foes. Though we may play power politics with our foes, it does not mean that this is our only strategy, since we will act differently towards our allies. Both with human interaction and inter-state interaction, these different strategies for different countries are driven by past interactions. These interactions create meaning (also called ‘perception drivers’) that people will reflect on when conducting future diplomacy 8 with these nations. We must also remember that the definition of anarchy and these interactions change as the interests and identities of nations change. Interactions lead to a certain way of doing things, and this is how perceptions are formed and compromise and bargaining begins.1 The authors, from various national backgrounds, allowed the editors of this volume to analyse the countries in a comparative perspective in the conclusive chapter of this book. To do this, each chapter addressed four main issues. Firstly, the authors assessed Germany as a ‘hard’ security actor in their respective country. ‘Hard’ security allows countries to deal with global and regional threats, inter-state conflicts, the arms race, as well as strategic choices of allies. Many of the authors in this book will discuss Germany’s general positive attitude towards the defence of the BSR and a simultaneous lack of sufficient military forces or military spending to create credible deterrence.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Årsrapport Innholdsoversikt / NRK 2007
    07 Årsrapport INNHOLDSOVERSIKT / NRK 2007 FORORD 3 DRAMA 32 KANALER 62 Om fjernsynsdrama 33 NRK1 63 NYHETER 4 Berlinerpoplene 33 NRK2 64 Ny design og innholdsprofil 5 Utradisjonell seing 34 NRK3 64 Nye NRK2 5 Kodenavn hunter 35 NRK Super 64 Bred valgdekning 6 Størst av alt 36 NRK P1 65 Nyheter på nrk.no 6 Radioteateret 36 NRK P2 66 Nyheter på P1 8 NRK P3 66 Nyheter på P2 8 FAKTA & VITENSKAP 38 Andre kanaler 67 Osenbanden på P3 8 Faktajournalistikk i NRK 39 NRK Sport 67 Internasjonale nyheter 9 Spekter 39 NRK Jazz 67 SKUP-pris til Dagsrevyen 9 Puls — i tre kanaler 40 NRK Båtvær 67 Egenproduksjon 9 Jordmødre 40 NRK Gull 67 yr.no 41 NRK Super 67 BARN 10 Ekstremværuka 42 NRK 5.1 68 Super på tv 11 Radiodokumentaren 43 Alltid Klassisk 68 Superbarn 11 Alltid Nyheter 68 Superstore 12 MINORITETER 44 Alltid Folkemusikk 68 Super på radio 13 10 års jubilant på tv 45 NRK mP3 68 Super på nett 13 Dokumentarer om det flerkulturelle 45 P3 Urørt 68 Spiller.no 13 Norge NRK P1 Oslofjord 68 Melodi Grand Prix Jr 14 Bollywoodsommer 46 NRK Sámi Radio 69 Dokumentar og drama for 14 Kvener 46 NRK1 Tegnspråk 69 barn og unge Musikk 46 NRK Stortinget 69 Ettermiddagstilbud for unge 14 Språklig og kulturelt mangfold i NRK 47 NRK som podkast 69 Nrk.no 69 SPORT 15 LIVSSYN 48 Språkarbeid og nynorskbruk i NRK 70 Vinteridrett 16 Livssyn i faste programmer 49 Teksting av programmer 70 Sportsnyheter 16 Det skjedde i de dager 49 Sportsportalen 16 Salmer til alle tider 49 Ung sport 17 Morgenandakten på P1 49 Fotball på fjernsyn og radio 17 Mellom Himmel og jord 49 Bakrommet
    [Show full text]
  • Romanian Political Science Review Vol. XXI, No. 1 2021
    Romanian Political Science Review vol. XXI, no. 1 2021 The end of the Cold War, and the extinction of communism both as an ideology and a practice of government, not only have made possible an unparalleled experiment in building a democratic order in Central and Eastern Europe, but have opened up a most extraordinary intellectual opportunity: to understand, compare and eventually appraise what had previously been neither understandable nor comparable. Studia Politica. Romanian Political Science Review was established in the realization that the problems and concerns of both new and old democracies are beginning to converge. The journal fosters the work of the first generations of Romanian political scientists permeated by a sense of critical engagement with European and American intellectual and political traditions that inspired and explained the modern notions of democracy, pluralism, political liberty, individual freedom, and civil rights. Believing that ideas do matter, the Editors share a common commitment as intellectuals and scholars to try to shed light on the major political problems facing Romania, a country that has recently undergone unprecedented political and social changes. They think of Studia Politica. Romanian Political Science Review as a challenge and a mandate to be involved in scholarly issues of fundamental importance, related not only to the democratization of Romanian polity and politics, to the “great transformation” that is taking place in Central and Eastern Europe, but also to the make-over of the assumptions and prospects of their discipline. They hope to be joined in by those scholars in other countries who feel that the demise of communism calls for a new political science able to reassess the very foundations of democratic ideals and procedures.
    [Show full text]
  • Militärhistoriska Museer
    Gotlands Militärhistoriska Museer Albatrossmuseet Ön Enholmen Gotlands Försvarsmuseum Lärbro Krigssjukhus museum GMM Gotlands Militärhistoriska Museer TINGSTÄDE FÄSTNING Gotska Sandön MUSEIRUNDAN Gotlands militärhistoria från 1300-talet och fram till våra dagar finns bevarat i de fem museer, som samlats under namnet Gotlands Militärhistoriska Museer, GMM. 1. Albatrossmuseet är Fårö uppbyggt kring föremål, bilder och historier kring det tyska fartyget SMS Albatross, som 2 Fårösund juli 1915 anfölls av en rysk eskader 148 och sökte skydd söder om Östergarn. 149 ❹ De överlevande internerades på 149 Lärbro Gotland till 1917. Visning av museet enligt ❺ överenskommelse. Tingstäde ❷ ❸ Slite 0498-523 07, www.albatrossmuseet.se 147 148 2. Ön Enholmen skildrar Gotlands roll som utpost Visby i den svenska försvarshistorien. Olika byggnader speglar försvar mot såväl ryssar som kolera och risk 142 143 för två världskrig. Under sommaren går båttrafik 146 140 ut till Enholmen, som också har gott om bra natur- Roma stigar att vandra på. [email protected], www.karlsvärds.se Katthammarsvik❶ 3. Gotlands Försvarsmuseum ger en omfat- 143 tande bild av armé, flyg och marin verksamhet Klintehamn 142 Ljugarn på Gotland, från forntid till våra dagar. 144 Museet finns i åtta byggnader på två separata platser i 141 Tingstäde. I museet finns café, restaurang och butik. För 140 barnen finns lekplats utomhus. Hemse [email protected], www.gotlandsforsvarsmuseum.se 4. Lärbro Krigssjukhus uppfördes 1939 och upphörde i maj 1946. Under krigsåren vårdades här militära och civila svenskar, baltflyk- 142 tingar, tyska soldater och flera hundra offer från koncentrationslägren. På kyrkogården finns 45 internationella krigsgravar, varav nio är judis- Burgsvik ka. 0498-22 50 30, [email protected], www.hembygd.se/larbro 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Draws YONEX Latvia International 2017
    YONEX Latvia International 2017 MS-Qualification Badminton Tournament Planner - bwf.tournamentsoftware.com Member ID St. Cnty Flag Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Finals Qualifiers 1 61900 CZE Filip Budzel [1] 2 Bye 3 70399 BEL Julien Carraggi 4 Bye 5 65789 FIN Juha Honkanen 6 Bye 7 61426 ISL Eidur Isak Broddason 8 82856 GER Simon Oziminski Q1 9 85443 LTU Povilas Bartusis [12] 10 Bye 11 61897 POL Robert Cybulski 12 Bye 13 77902 LTU Jonas Petkus 14 56849 BLR Dzmitry Saidakou 15 59407 NOR Mattias Xu 16 65678 UKR Ivan Medynskiy 17 95270 ENG Viknesh Rajendran [8] 18 Bye 19 65489 EST Mikk Järveoja 20 Bye 21 64456 SWE Oskar Svensson 22 Bye 23 69084 FIN Miika Lahtinen 24 73926 EST Karl-Rasmus Pungas Q2 25 60261 UKR Vladyslav Volnyanskiy [15] 26 Bye 27 98425 EST Alexander Raudsepp 28 Bye 29 72455 ISL Robert Ingi Huldarsson 30 61739 MAS Ridzwan Rahmat 31 90031 GER Saruul Shafiq 32 97423 EST Mikk Ounmaa 33 69685 ENG Zach Russ [3] 34 Bye 35 89135 LTU Mark Sames 36 Bye 37 78756 LAT Arturs Kelpe 38 Bye 39 61771 IRL Mark Brady 40 84442 LTU Edgaras Slusnys Q3 41 56275 DEN Mads Kjærgaard [16] 42 Bye 43 59413 LTU Karolis Eimutaitis 44 Bye 45 96316 EST Matis Kaart 46 62475 CZE Petr Beran 47 66199 LAT Kristaps Kalnins 48 78891 SUI Nicolas A. Mueller 49 56160 FIN Jesper Paul [7] 50 Bye 51 70534 LAT Janis Vaivads 52 Bye 53 64649 SWE Emil Johansson 54 66853 LTU Ignas Reznikas 55 52290 UKR Valeriy Atrashchenkov 56 76226 LAT Ivo Keiss Q4 57 68484 BLR Vladzislav Kushnir [14] 58 Bye 59 86632 UKR Artem Tkachuk 60 Bye 61 73269 SUI Jonas Schwarz 62 73950 MAS Muhammad Ziyad
    [Show full text]
  • Political Visions and Historical Scores
    Founded in 1944, the Institute for Western Affairs is an interdis- Political visions ciplinary research centre carrying out research in history, political and historical scores science, sociology, and economics. The Institute’s projects are typi- cally related to German studies and international relations, focusing Political transformations on Polish-German and European issues and transatlantic relations. in the European Union by 2025 The Institute’s history and achievements make it one of the most German response to reform important Polish research institution well-known internationally. in the euro area Since the 1990s, the watchwords of research have been Poland– Ger- many – Europe and the main themes are: Crisis or a search for a new formula • political, social, economic and cultural changes in Germany; for the Humboldtian university • international role of the Federal Republic of Germany; The end of the Great War and Stanisław • past, present, and future of Polish-German relations; Hubert’s concept of postliminum • EU international relations (including transatlantic cooperation); American press reports on anti-Jewish • security policy; incidents in reborn Poland • borderlands: social, political and economic issues. The Institute’s research is both interdisciplinary and multidimension- Anthony J. Drexel Biddle on Poland’s al. Its multidimensionality can be seen in published papers and books situation in 1937-1939 on history, analyses of contemporary events, comparative studies, Memoirs Nasza Podróż (Our Journey) and the use of theoretical models to verify research results. by Ewelina Zaleska On the dispute over the status The Institute houses and participates in international research of the camp in occupied Konstantynów projects, symposia and conferences exploring key European questions and cooperates with many universities and academic research centres.
    [Show full text]
  • The World on Television Market-Driven, Public Service News
    10.1515/nor-2017-0128 Nordicom Review 31 (2010) 2, pp. 31-45 The World on Television Market-driven, Public Service News Øyvind Ihlen, Sigurd Allern, Kjersti Thorbjørnsrud, & Ragnar Waldahl Abstract How does television cover foreign news? What is covered and how? The present article reports on a comparative study of a license-financed public broadcaster and an advertising- financed channel in Norway – the NRK and TV2, respectively. Both channels give priority to international news. While the NRK devotes more time to foreign news (both in absolute and relative numbers) than TV2 does, other aspects of the coverage are strikingly similar: The news is event oriented, there is heavy use of eyewitness footage, and certain regions are hardly visible. At least three explanations can be used to understand these findings: the technological platform (what footage is available, etc.) and the existence of a common news culture that is based on ratings and similar views on what is considered “good television”. A third factor is that both channels still have public service obligations. Keywords: foreign news, television news, public service Introduction The media direct attention toward events and occurrences in the world, and help to shape our thinking as well as our understanding of these events. The potentially greatest influ- ence can be expected to occur with regard to matters of which we have little or no direct experience. Foreign news is a prime example of an area where most of us are reliant on what the media report. Studies of foreign news have a long tradition (i.e., Galtung & Ruge 1965) and there is a vast body of literature focusing on the criteria for what becomes news (e.g., Harcup & O’Neill 2001; Hjarvard 1995, 1999; Shoemaker & Cohen 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • Print Notify
    National Security Bureau https://en.bbn.gov.pl/en/news/462,President-appoints-new-Polish-government.html 2021-09-28, 07:01 16.11.2015 President appoints new Polish government President Andrzej Duda appointed the new Polish government during a Monday ceremony following a sweeping victory of the right-wing Law and Justice (PiS) in the October 25 general elections. The president appointed Beata Szydlo as the new prime minister. Following is the line-up of the Beata Szydlo cabinet: Mateusz Morawiecki - deputy PM and development minister Piotr Glinski - deputy PM and culture minister Jaroslaw Gowin - deputy PM and science and higher education minister Mariusz Blaszczak - interior and administration minister fot. E. Radzikowska-Białobrzewska, Antoni Macierewicz - defence minister KPRP Witold Waszczykowski - foreign affairs minister Pawel Szalamacha - finance minister Zbigniew Ziobro - justice minister Dawid Jackiewicz - treasury minister Anna Zalewska - education minister Jan Szyszko - environment minister Elzbieta Rafalska - labour minister Krzysztof Jurgiel - agriculture minister Andrzej Adamczyk - infrastructure and construction minister Konstanty Radziwill - health minister Marek Grobarczyk - maritime economy and inland waterways minister Anna Strezynska - digitisation minister Witold Banka - sports minister Beata Kempa - minister, member of the Council of Ministers, head of PM's Office Elzbieta Witek - minister, member of the Council of Ministers, government spokesperson Henryk Kowalczyk - member of the Council of Ministers, chairman of the Government Standing Committee Mariusz Kaminski - minister, member of the Council of Ministers, coordinator of special services Krzysztof Tchorzewski - member of the Council of Ministers (expected future energy minister) "I feel fully co-responsible for the country's affairs with the prime minister and her government", President Andrzej Duda said Monday at the appointment of Poland's Beata Szydlo government.
    [Show full text]
  • Allmennkringkasterregnskap Og Statistikk 2019
    Velge og bli valgt NRKs allmennkringkasterregnskap 2019 NRKs Allmennkringkasterregnskap 2019 Redaksjon: Helene Amlie, Hilde Thoresen, Jørgen Heid med bidrag fra NRKs avdelinger Statistikk: NRK Analyse Omslag: Snøhætta Redigering/layout: Helene Amlie Norsk rikskringkasting as Bjørnstjerne Bjørnsons plass 1, 0340 Oslo Sentralbord: 23 04 70 00 www.nrk.no Innhold 1. NRKs demokratiske rolle …… 4 • Vedtekter: § 12, § 13 2. Bidrag til det norske mediemangfoldet …… 6 • Vedtekt: § 14 3. Høy kvalitet, mangfold og nyskaping …… 9 • Vedtekter: § 21, § 38, § 39, § 40, § 43, § 49, § 51 4. Nyhets- og aktualitetsdekningen …… 15 • Vedtekter: § 41, § 42, § 49, § 26, § 27 5. Distriktene …… 27 • Vedtekter: § 20, § 32, § 49 6. Barn og unge …… 31 • Vedtekter: § 22, § 33, 49 7. Samisk språk, identitet og kultur …… 35 • Vedtekt: § 16 8. Norsk språk, identitet og kultur og det kulturelle, språklige og religiøse mangfoldet …… 37 • Vedtekter: § 16, § 31, § 18 9. Norsk kultur, kunst, musikk, drama og film …… 44 • Vedtekter: § 17, § 19, § 34, § 35, § 37, § 41, § 49 10. Tilgjengelighet og beredskap …… 56 • Vedtekter: § 15, § 23, § 24, § 29, § 30, § 36, § 50 11. Redaksjonelt uavhengig og reklamefri …… 64 • Vedtekter: § 25, § 28, § 44, § 45, § 46, § 47, § 48 12. Priser og utmerkelser til NRK i 2019 …… 66 Allmennkringkasterregnskapet del 2: Statistikk Vedlegg: • Profilundersøkelsen 2019 • Eksterne produksjoner 2019 3 NRKs Allmennkringkasterregnskap 2019 1. NRKs demokratiske rolle § 12 NRK skal ha som formål å oppfylle demokratiske, sosiale og kulturelle behov i samfunnet. § 13 NRK skal ivareta ytringsfrihet og ytringsvilkår for borgerne. NRK skal være redaksjonelt uavhengig og være balansert over tid. NRK skal bidra til å fremme den offentlige samtalen og medvirke til at hele befolkningen får tilstrekkelig informasjon til å kunne være aktivt med i demokratiske prosesser.
    [Show full text]
  • The Latvian Institute of International Affairs (LIIA)
    The Latvian Institute of International Affairs (LIIA) was established in May 1992 in Riga as a non-profit foundation charged with the aim of providing Latvia’s decision-makers, experts and the wider public with analysis, recommendations and information about international developments, regional security issues and foreign policy strategies and choices, and performing scientific research. It is an independent think-tank that conducts research, develops publications and organizes public lectures and international conferences related to global affairs and Latvia’s international role and policies. Among Latvian think tanks, the LIIA is the oldest and one of the most well-known and internationally recognized institutions, especially as the leading think tank that specializes in international affairs. In the LIIA's efforts to provide expertise from a Latvian perspective, the Institute and its fellows have participated in and coordinated various international research projects. The Institute has recently been focusing on such research themes as • Latvian foreign policy • Transatlantic relations • European Union institutional and financial developments and foreign policy positioning • Russia and its relations with its neighbours The LIIA has also devoted thorough attention to various aspects of energy security and policies: • EU energy policy, • EU-Russia energy dialogue, • national and regional (Central and East Europe, Baltic Sea region, post-Soviet space) energy interaction. The LIIA was founded and initially funded by several grants from the Swedish government to support research on Baltic security, and has cooperated with the Swedish Institute of International Affairs in skills transfer programmes for a number of years. The LIIA is currently financed by individual projects and does not receive permanent funding from any governmental or other non-governmental institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Book HEALTH SCIENCES Rīga Stradiņš University INTERNATIONAL STUDENT CONFERENCE 2021
    RĪGA STRADIŅŠ UNIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS CONFERENCE 2021 Abstract Book HEALTH SCIENCES Rīga Stradiņš University INTERNATIONAL STUDENT CONFERENCE 2021 March 22nd-23rd, 2021 Abstract Book HEALTH SCIENCES Rīga, Latvia Rīga Stradiņš University International Student Conference 2021 (Rīga, March 22nd-23rd, 2021): Abstract Book – Health Sciences. – Rīga: RSU, 2021, 366 p. Authors are responsible for their Abstracts. Layout: Andris Strazdīts © Rīga Stradiņš University Student Union, 2021 Rīga, Dzirciema Str. 16, LV-1007 ISBN 978-9934-8927-5-2 INTERNATIONAL STUDENT CONFERENCE 2021 3 Preface Dear students, dear professors, dear guests! On behalf of Rīga Stradiņš University, it is my great honour and pleasure to welcome you all to Rīga Stradiņš University Research Week 2021 and especially to the International Student Conference "Health and Social Sciences". We are meeting at a very stressful time for the whole world – during the COVID-19 pandemic. I am, however, satisfied that our technological capabilities ensure that we can still proceed to carry out research. RSU Research Week is one of the largest scientific events in the Baltics and it is organised every two years. Today, we welcome 420 students from 30 countries to the conference, who will be presenting their theses in both medical and social sciences across the conference’s 24 sections. In addition, 120 international jury members will participate in the conference that will also feature three special keynote speakers. This testifies to the outstanding research capabilities of RSU students. This conference is a significant event for each participant as it brings together students and experts from different fields. Rīga Stradiņš University aims to be a modern, prestigious university that is recognised in Europe and worldwide and that has the individual at its core – our students, professors, researchers and all academic and administrative stuff are all essential to our team.
    [Show full text]
  • Latvia Exporter Guide Report Categories: Exporter Guide Approved By: Russ Nicely, Agricultural Attaché Prepared By: Magdalena Osinska
    THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Voluntary - Public Date: 4/13/2017 GAIN Report Number: Poland Post: Warsaw Latvia Exporter Guide Report Categories: Exporter Guide Approved By: Russ Nicely, Agricultural Attaché Prepared By: Magdalena Osinska Report Highlights: The Latvian economy is expected to steadily grow over the next few years. In 2015 total Latvian agricultural imports amounted to U.S. $2.7 billion with U.S. $8.5 million originating from the United States. Products from the U.S. that have good sales potential on the Latvian market include: fish and seafood products, beef, nuts and wines and distilled spirits. This report provides U.S. food and agriculture exporters with background information and recommendations for entering the Latvian market. General Information: SECTION I. MARKET SUMMARY In 2009-2014 Latvia’s economy was one of the fastest growing in the European Union (EU) mostly due to financial support from the EU and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) that followed the financial crisis of 2008-2009. During 2015 Latvia’s economic growth rate increased by 2.7 percent. Further increase in the real GDP growth is expected in the forthcoming years. According to the latest data of the Central Statistical Bureau, in 2016 average consumer prices increased by 0.6 percent as compared to 2015. Increase in prices of food and non-alcoholic beverages, recreation and culture, alcohol and tobacco mostly influenced the level of consumer prices in 2016. Consumer expenditure per capita in 2015 reached U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Allmennkringkastingsrapporten Kringkastingsåret 2011
    ALLMENNKRINGKASTINGSRAPPORTEN KRINGKASTINGSÅRET 2011 Oddasat Fordypning Underholdning FBI Fotball Lisens Edda Forberg i Radioresepsjonen Sameland Newton Svart NRK Beta Hvitt Fordypning Misjonen Kollektivet Nyheter Taxi Brødre Skal vi Nett Schmokk Urørt Dagsrevyen Sara og danse Hallo Selma Aktuelt i Uken Puls Radio SKi-VMNRK Beta Brødre Hallo PanoramaNett Norge Misjonen Trygdekontoret i Uken TV Schmokk Trekant Skal vi Newton Norge Nytt på danse nytt Korslaget Radio Sport FordypningMediekompetanse Underholdning Kollektivet 2011 Korslaget Teenage Oss megger Supernytt BossAllmennkringkastingimellom Nyheter Aktuelt Allmennkringkasting Koselig Torsdag Tegnspråket Hurtigruten Urix kveld fra Dag Kultur Nydalen med peis Urix Kultur Allmennkringkasting Ekko 22 TV Debatt Koselig NRK Radio Taxi med peis juliKunnskap InternettHurtigruten Trekant Valgomaten Radioresepsjonen LisensNorge Debatt Nytt på Rundt Migrapolis Sara og Teenage Panorama Boss Sytten Selma FBI Tretti Hallo MediekompetanseKveldsshowet Aktuelt Norgesmagasinet Urix NRK Beta Urørt nytt Fotball Dokument Torsdag Sara ogKoselig i Uken Kveldsshowet med Peis Urørt Ekko Dokument Nett Edda FotballSytten Norge Sport Puls Tretti RundtRadioSenkveld Edda Trygdekontoret SelmaNyheter kveld fra Dagsrevyen Senkveld Kulturnytt Lisens MGP NRKMorgenklubbenUnderholdning Dag Kulturnytt Trekant TV Nydalen Tegnspråknytt Hurtigruten Henriettes røde løper Kollektivet Korslaget Mangfold Debatt Supernytt Svart Hvitt Brødre Valgomaten Mangfold Dokument Puls Sport 1 INNHOLD FORORD FORORD 3 Medietilsynet har siden 2005 hatt som oppgave å utarbeide en årlig rapport om kringkasteres I PUBLIKUMS TJENESTE! 4 oppfyllelse av allmennkringkastingsforpliktelser. Årets rapport er altså den åttende i rekken. TILBAKE TIL FREMTIDEN 6 I år har vi imidlertid valgt en form på rapporten som skiller den fra tidligere. Vi har lagt vekt på DET RETTSLIGE GRUNNLAGET 8 kortere presentasjon av hovedfunnene for alle kringkasterne, og i tillegg tatt opp sentrale temaer POSITIV UTVIKLING 9 som journalistikken rundt 22.
    [Show full text]