International Humanitarian Law Human Rights and Peace Operations
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INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW HUMAN RIGHTS AND PEACE OPERATIONS 1 2 INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HUMANITARIAN LAW INSTITUT INTERNATIONAL DE DROIT HUMANITAIRE ISTITUTO INTERNAZIONALE DI DIRITTO UMANITARIO In collaboration with the International Committee of the Red Cross INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW HUMAN RIGHTS AND PEACE OPERATIONS Edited by Dr. Gian Luca Beruto 31st Round Table on Current Problems of International Humanitarian Law Sanremo, 4-6 September 2008 - PROCEEDINGS - 3 The International Institute of Humanitarian Law would like to thank Ms Shirley Morren, librarian of the Institute, together with Ms Jackie McArthur, Australian intern at the Institute, who were both involved in the painstaking task of proof reading. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS / REMERCIEMENTS / RINGRAZIAMENTI L’Istituto Internazionale di Diritto Umanitario ringrazia vivamente i Governi e gli Enti che hanno concesso un contributo finanziario o il patrocinio per la Tavola Rotonda. The International Institute of Humanitarian Law warmly thanks those Governments and Bodies that have given either a financial contribution or their patronage on the occasion of this Round Table. L’Institut International de Droit Humanitaire tient à remercier les Gouvernements et les Organisations qui ont donné leur appui financier ou bien leur patronage à l’occasion de cette Table Ronde. BRITISH RED CROSS CAMERA DI COMMERCIO DI IMPERIA CASINÒ DI SANREMO COMPAGNIA DI SAN PAOLO COMUNE DI SANREMO CONFARTIGIANATO DI IMPERIA CONFCOMMERCIO, IMPERIA CONFINDUSTRIA DI IMPERIA CROCE ROSSA ITALIANA CROIX-ROUGE MONÉGASQUE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS MINISTERO DEGLI AFFARI ESTERI, Roma MINISTÈRE DES AFFAIRES ÉTRANGÈRES ET EUROPÉENNES, Paris NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANISATION PROVINCIA DI IMPERIA REGIONE LIGURIA SWEDISH MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS, Stockholm SWISS MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, Berne UNIONE EUROPEA 5 COUNCIL MEMBERS President: Ambassador Maurizio MORENO (Italy) Vice-Presidents: Prof. Michel VEUTHEY (Switzerland) Associate Professor, University of Nice Prof. Fausto POCAR (Italy) President of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia Dr. Baldwin DE VIDTS (Belgium) Legal Advisor to the Secretary-General of NATO Members: Dr. Mohammed AL-HADID (Jordan) President of the Standing Commission of the Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement Prof. Mario BETTATI (France) Special Representative of the French Minister of Foreign Affairs Brigadier General Erwin DAHINDEN (Switzerland) Director of International Relations of the Swiss Armed Forces Dr. Ndioro NDIAYE (Senegal) Deputy Director, International Organization for Migration Prof. Yoram DINSTEIN (Israel) Tel Aviv University 6 Prof. Jacques FORSTER (Switzerland) Member of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Prof. Dr. Wolff HEINTSCHEL VON HEINEGG (Germany) Dean of Law Faculty, Viadrina University Prof. Marie G. JACOBSSON (Sweden) Principal Legal Advisor, Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs Dr. Michael A. MEYER (UK) Head of IL Office, The British Red Cross Judge Hisashi OWADA (Japan) International Court of Justice Prof. William H. TAFT IV (USA) Stanford University CITY OF SANREMO ITALIAN RED CROSS **** Dr. Stefania BALDINI Secretary-General 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS / TABLE DE MATIÈRES / INDICE Preface 17 Opening address Maurizio MORENO 21 President of the International Institute of Humanitarian Law (IIHL) Welcome addresses Stefania CRAXI 25 Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Italy Marco ANDRACCO 28 Deputy Mayor of Sanremo Keynote address Jakob KELLENBERGER 30 President, International Committee of the Red Cross Addresses Vincenzo CAMPORINI 38 Chief of the Defence General Staff, Italy Claudio BISOGNIERO 41 NATO Deputy Secretary-General Raimund KUNZ 44 Head of the Directorate for Security Policy, Federal Ministry of Defence, Protection of the Population and Sports, Switzerland Pier Virgilio DASTOLI 47 Director of the Representation in Italy of the European Commission Christopher LAMB 50 Special Advisor, International Relations, International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Massimo BARRA 52 President, Italian Red Cross 8 THE APPLICABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW TO PEACE OPERATIONS De l’applicabilité du droit international humanitaire aux opérations de paix : pour des approches juridiques, militaires et éthiques Michel VEUTHEY 56 Vice-Président, IIDH; Professeur Associé, Institut du Droit de la Paix et du Développement, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France Peace operations, an operational and legal concept The evolution of peace operations, from interposition to integrated missions Corinna KUHL 64 Chief, Peacekeeping Best Practices Section, United Nations À propos du cadre juridique des opérations de maintien de la paix Louis BALMOND 70 Professeur de Droit International, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France; Membre, IIDH The applicability of international humanitarian law to peace operations: a settled issue? The applicability of international humanitarian law to peace operations, from rejection to acceptance Daphna SHRAGA 82 Principal Legal Officer, Office of the Legal Counsel, Office of Legal Affairs, United Nations International humanitarian law and peace operations, scope of application ratione materiae Marco SASSOLI 90 University of Geneva, Switzerland International humanitarian law and operations conducted by the European Union Gert-Jan VAN HEGELSOM 96 Legal Advisor, Council of the European Union 9 THE APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW TO PEACE OPERATIONS: SPECIFIC ISSUES Interaction of the legal regimes in peace operations Peace operations and the complementarity of human rights law and international humanithumanitarian law John P. CERONE 104 Associate Professor, Director, Centre for International Law and Policy, New England School of Law, USA The legal status of United Nations and associated personnel in peace operations and the legal regime protecting them Ola ENGDAHL 113 National Defence College, Sweden The law of occupation: a corpus juris relevant for peace operations? The applicability of the law of occupation to peace forces Tristan FERRARO 120 Legal Advisor, International Committee of the Red Cross Substantial relevance of the law of occupation for peace operations Marten ZWANENBURG 140 Legal Advisor, Ministry of Defence, The Netherlands International humanitarian law and the administration of territories by the United Nations Administration of territories by the United Nations: is there room for international humanitarian law? Steven RATNER 150 Law Faculty, University of Michigan, USA Understanding the international territorial administration accountability deficit: trusteeship and the legitimacy of international organizations Ralph WILDE 155 Reader and Vice-Dean for Research, Faculty of Law, University College, London, UK 10 IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW IN PEACE OPERATIONS Working Group 1: Peace operations and the protection of civilians The responsibility to protect: an introduction Edoardo GREPPI 174 Professor of International Law, University of Torino, Italy; Member, IIHL Protection of civilians in peace operations, or the “operationalisation” of the responsibility to protect Gareth EVANS 192 President, International Crisis Group, Belgium The responsibility to protect and international humanitarian law Michael BOTHE 196 Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Member, IIHL Working Group 2: Peace operations and detention Right to detain during peace operations: some legal and operational issues Bruce OSWALD 200 Senior Lecturer in Law, University of Melbourne Law School, Australia Detention in peace operations: a practical approach Jérôme CARIO 205 Legal Advisor, Centre de Doctrine d’Emploi des Forces, Forces terrestres, France; Chef du Bureau Recherche, Division Recherche Retour d’Expérience The Copenhagen Process on the handling of detainees in international military operations Thomas WINKLER 213 Acting Legal Adviser, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Denmark 11 Working Group 3: Peace operations and the repression of international humanitarian law violations Introduction Fausto POCAR 220 President, International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, The Hague; Vice-President, IIHL The role of peace forces in searching for persons charged with war crimes Theodor MERON 224 Judge, Appeal Chamber, International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, The Hague; former President, ICTY; Member, IIHL Peacekeeping operations and the International Criminal Court Olivia SWAAK-GOLDMAN 232 Office of the Prosecutor, International Criminal Court Preventing and reporting violations of international humanitarian law William H. TAFT IV 239 Former U.S. Permanent Representative to NATO; University of Stanford, USA; Member of the Council, IIHL Working Group 4: Responsibility and compensation for damages caused during peace operations Introduction Elinor HAMMARSKJÖLD 244 Director, Department of International Law and Human Rights, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Sweden Operational command versus organic command: who is in charge? Ferdinando SANFELICE DI MONTEFORTE 246 Former Italian Military Representative to the EU and NATO; Professor of Military Strategy Violations of international humanitarian law committed during peace operations and individual criminal responsibility Maria TELALIAN 249 Legal Advisor, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Greece 12 RELATIONS BETWEEN HUMANITARIAN ORGANISATIONS AND PEACE FORCES Civil-military co-operation: common sense or pandora’s box? Denis CAILLAUX 256 Special Representative, Global Movement for Children