DOCSLIB.ORG

AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 1230 the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY June 1, 1943 New York City

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 1230 the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY June 1, 1943 New York City AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 1230 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY June 1, 1943 New York City SOME NEW SUBSPECIES OF INCISALIA FROM NORTH AMERICA (LEPIDOPTERA, LYCAENIDAE) BY CYRIL F. DOS PASSOS While studying the Incisalia in the Gun- latter ends at p. 83 and not 82. In view der collection and incorporating them into of Scudder's authorship of the paper and, the general collection of The American therefore, personal knowledge as to which Museum of Natural History, some interest- was published first, and the very careful ing subspecies were discovered which ap- student that he is known to have been, I pear to be unnamed. These, together with am inclined to follow him and conclude some specimens from my own collection, that the separate was, in fact, published are described in this paper. before the Report. Hence, the reference to this genus should be Incisalia Scudder, INCISALIA SCUDDER 1872, Systematic Revision, p. 31. SCUDDER, 1872, A Systematic Revision of some of the American Butterflies, p. 31. SCUDDER, 1872, Ann. Rept. Peabody Acad. Incisalia augustus (Kirby) Sci., for the year 1871, IV, p. 52. Thecla augustus KIRBY, 1837, Faun. Bor. The authorship of this genus has been re- Amer., IV, p. 298, P1. III, figs. 4 and 5. ferred to Minot, the references usually This insect was described from "Lat. given by Scudder (1875, p. 96; 1876, p. 54°." On the same page Kirby described 104) being those above cited. Dyar (1902, Hipparchia discoidalis from "Several speci- p. 39) gives the same references. How- mens taken at Cumberland House, Lat. ever, it does not appear that Minot ever 540°"; hence, it would seem reasonable to published the name Incisalia. The author assume that augustus was taken at, or near, of Nomenclator Zoologicus (1939, II, p. the same place. Therefore, Cumberland 772) apparently came to the same conclu- House, Saskatchewan, Canada, is hereby sion but gave a slightly different reference, fixed as the type locality of Incisalia augus- i.e., "Incisalia (Minot M.S.) Scudder 1872, tus (Kirby). Ann. Rept. Trustees Peabody Acad. Sci., Kirby's figure shows an insect vwith dis- 4: 1871, 52.-Lep." Scudder's Systematic tinctly checked fringes and with the wings Revision was published both separately black basally on the uppersides and ferru- and also as a part of said Report, the refer- ginous on the disks. It is quite distinct ence in the former being p. 31 and in the from eastern specimens usually passing as latter p. 52. Both publications were in the augustus, which are uniformly dark gray same year, 1872. It has not been possible on the upperside. to ascertain which was the earlier. Scud- Kirby's type was a female. There is a der always seems to have referred to the female spec;men in my collection from Faw- separate while other authors sometimes re- cett, Alberta, taken May 19-22, 1941, fer to the Report. The cover of the sepa- which matches Kirby's figure excellently. rate reads "from the report of The Peabody Fawcett is north of Edmonton in latitude Academy of Sciences for 1871 pages 24 to 82 540 30'. Another female from the same inclusive." Both separate and Report place is similar, while three males taken at were published and printed at Salem, the same time and place do not show any Massachusetts, at the Salem Press. The orange brown on the upperside of the pri- reference in the separate to the pagination maries. This series appears to represent of the Report is not entirely correct, as the typical augustus. A similar, but very 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [Xo. 1280 worn, female, also in my collection (ex Incisalia augustus helenae, collection Thos. E. Bean), probably taken new subspecies by him at Laggan, Alberta, bearing a label Incisalia augustinus, DOS PASSOs, 1936, Cana- "Det.-by W. H. Edwards as augustus 9 ," dian Entomologist, LXVIII, p. 98. confirms this conclusion. In Newfoundland there occurs another race of augustus of which a long series has been received Because the type of augustus does not ap- from Hugh McIsaacs of Doyles Station. On the pear to be in existence, the aforementioned upperside these specimens resemble croesioides female specimen from Fawcett, Alberta, but are more golden brown than grayish. The May 19-22, 1941, is hereby designated the fringes are uniformly checkered with black and white, whereas in croesioides they are sometimes neotype of Incisalia augustus (Kirby). It checkered, but more often concolorous with the will be placed in the type collection of The wings. On both wings the markings of the un- American Museum of Natural History. derside are heavier and more distinct. On the Manitoba specimens from the Riding primaries the contrast between the basal and limbal areas is well marked by an irregular dark Mountains (six males, one female), Broken- line outwardly edged with white. In croesioides head (six males), and Hudson Bay mile post this line is often very faint, broken, or even en- 349 on the railroad to Churchill (one fe- tirely absent, and the wing is nearly uniform in male) are more closely related to the color. Between the mesial line and the sub- marginal row of spots is a grayish area. The eastern race and must be referred to as submarginal spots are large triangular, pointing croesioides Scudder, as that name is herein- basally. On the secondaries the basal area is after used. This may appear somewhat dark reddish brown, almost as dark as in henrici. strange in view of the fact that the Riding The row of spots in the limbal area is similarly are much nearer the colored, and the spots stand out prominently, as Mountains type local- does also the marginal line. These spots are ity of augustus than Fawcett, but none of bound inwardly by a pale reddish brown area these specimens matches Kirby's figure. and outwardly by a dark reddish brown area not quite so dark as the spots. Incisalia augustus croesioides Scudder For this race I propose the name Incisalia Incisalia croe8ioides SCUDDER, 1876, Bull. augustus helenae. It is named for my Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., III, p. 104. secretary, Miss Helen G. Young. This name was proposed for the eastern TYPE MATERIAL.-Holotype, male, form but appears to have been placed Doyles Station, Newfoundland, May 31, in the synonymy by the author (1889, p. 1938. Allotype, female, same locality, 842). The examination of a long series of June 1, 1938. Paratypes: thirty-nine augustus (auct.) from New York and New males and eleven females from the same Jersey convinces me that the name croesi- locality bearing various dates in May and oides Scudder should be removed from the June. The holotype and allotype as well synonymy and given subspecific standing as one pair of paratypes are in the collection for the eastern race of augustus, leaving the of The American Museum of Natural His- latter name to represent the north central tory. The other paratypes are in the col- race. lection of the author. Pairs will be sent In the original description Scudder did to the British Museum (Natural History), not designate any type for the name the Canadian National Collection, the croesioides nor did he fix any type locality, United States National Museum, the Los merely stating " [eastern form] Canada and Angeles Museum, the Carnegie Museum New England, southward along the Appa- and the Academy of Natural Sciences of lachians to West Virginia." In the cir- Philadelphia. cumstances it would seem appropriate to Whether or not augustus and iroides are supply these omissions. The type locality distinct species is difficult to determine be- of Incisalia augustus croesioides Scudder is cause of the paucity of material from Al- therefore fixed as Lakehurst, New Jersey, berta, where they appear to meet. On the and a male specimen from that locality in affirmative side of the question is the fact the collection of The American Museum of that the outer margin of the hind wings of Natural History, taken April 30, 1932 (C. augustus augustus from Fawcett, Alberta, H. Curran) is designated as the neotype. is rounder than in any of the eastern races, 1943] INCISALIA FROM NORTH AMERICA 3 approaching in that respect the structure of iroides are in the Barnes collection in the the western iroides. In a neutral position United States National Museum. The lies the fact that one of the two specimens female, to which is pinned a black and of iroides from Calgary, Alberta, shows white print of Oberthur's figure, is hereby some evidence of checkering on the designated the lectotype of Incisalia iroides secondaries. The five specimens of augus- (Boisduval), and the type locality is fixed tus from Fawcett are all checkered. Typi- as San Francisco, California. cal iroides from California is not checkered. Newfoundland specimens of augustus are Incisalia iroides annetteae, uniformly checkered, and those from the new subspecies Atlantic states are partly checkered and In Arizona and New Mexico there occurs a partly not. On the negative side of the somewhat larger and paler race of iroides. On the upperside of the wings the disk is more golden question are the facts that on the underside brown than reddish but resembles that of iroides. of the secondaries the basal area of augustus On the underside the forewings are nearly im- from Fawcett is very dark, like that of the maculate, showing but the faintest trace of the eastern populations, while that of iroides irregular mesial line dividing the basal from the as limbal areas on the primaries. On the hind from Calgary is much Jighter, practically wings the basal area is very pale and contrasts light as in iroides from California.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Incisalia Fotis Schryveri (Lycaenidae): Bionomic Notes and Life History
    256 JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTEHISTS' SOCIETY INCISALIA FOTIS SCHRYVERI (LYCAENIDAE): BIONOMIC NOTES AND LIFE HISTORY CLIFFORD D. FERRIS University of Wyoming, Laramie and RAY E. STANFORD Denver, Colorado In the years that have elapsed since the original description of Incisalia fotis schryveri Cross (1937), little additional information has been gath­ ered regarding the biology of the insect. The distributional limits have been imprecisely determined, the immature stages have remained un­ described, and only vague speculation has appeared regarding possible host plants. This paper constitutes the first description of the immature stages and a record of the host plant. The insect was studied in Wyoming (by Ferris) and in Colorado (by Stanford). In the paragraphs which follow, where regional differences exist, state names will bc mentioned; otherwise descriptions pertain to the entire range of schryveri. Ecology and Nature of Habitat Incisalia fotis schryveri occurs in multiplc colonies in the eastern foot­ hills of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains in north-central Colo­ rado, and in the continuation of this range into south-eastern Wyoming. Its northern limits, or possible blend zones with I. fotis mossii (H. Edwards), have yet to be determined, but in Colorado it seems to ex­ tend no farther south than El Paso Co. Rccords are also available from Boulder, Clcar Creek, Douglas, Gilpin, and Larimer Cos. The species probably occurs also in thc northeast portion of Park Co., along the Platte River, and may be found in parts of Teller Co. In Wyoming, it is known from Albany, Carbon, and Converse Cos., and is associated with the Laramie, North Platte, and Platte Hiver drainages.
    [Show full text]
  • Spotting Butterflies Says Ulsh
    New & Features “A butterfly’s lifespan generally cor- responds with the size of the butterfly,” Spotting Butterflies says Ulsh. The tiny blues often seen in the mountains generally only live about How, when and where to find Lepidoptera in 10 days. Some species, however, will the Cascades and Olympics overwinter in the egg, pupa or chrysalid form (in the cocoon prior to becoming winged adults). A few Northwest spe- cies overwinter as adults, and one—the mourning cloak—lives for ten months, and is the longest lived butterfly in North America. The first thing that butterflies do upon emerging from the chrysalis and unfold- ing their wings is to breed. In their search for mates, some butterflies “hilltop,” or stake out spots on high trees or ridgelines to make themselves more prominent. A butterfly’s wing colors serve two distinct purposes. The dorsal, or upperside of the wings, are colorful, and serve to attract mates. The ventral, or underside of the wings generally serves to camouflage the insects. So a butterfly such as the satyr comma has brilliant orange and yellow Western tiger and pale tiger swallowtail butterflies “puddling.” When looking for for spots when seen with wings open, and butterflies along the trail keep an eye on moist areas or meadows with flowers. a bark-like texture to confuse predators when its wings are closed. By Andrew Engelson Butterfly Association, about where, how As adults, butterflies also seek out Photos by Idie Ulsh and when to look for butterflies in our nectar and water. Butterflies generally mountains. Ulsh is an accomplished Butterflies are the teasers of wildlife.
    [Show full text]
  • CA Checklist of Butterflies of Tulare County
    Checklist of Buerflies of Tulare County hp://www.natureali.org/Tularebuerflychecklist.htm Tulare County Buerfly Checklist Compiled by Ken Davenport & designed by Alison Sheehey Swallowtails (Family Papilionidae) Parnassians (Subfamily Parnassiinae) A series of simple checklists Clodius Parnassian Parnassius clodius for use in the field Sierra Nevada Parnassian Parnassius behrii Kern Amphibian Checklist Kern Bird Checklist Swallowtails (Subfamily Papilioninae) Kern Butterfly Checklist Pipevine Swallowtail Battus philenor Tulare Butterfly Checklist Black Swallowtail Papilio polyxenes Kern Dragonfly Checklist Checklist of Exotic Animals Anise Swallowtail Papilio zelicaon (incl. nitra) introduced to Kern County Indra Swallowtail Papilio indra Kern Fish Checklist Giant Swallowtail Papilio cresphontes Kern Mammal Checklist Kern Reptile Checklist Western Tiger Swallowtail Papilio rutulus Checklist of Sensitive Species Two-tailed Swallowtail Papilio multicaudata found in Kern County Pale Swallowtail Papilio eurymedon Whites and Sulphurs (Family Pieridae) Wildflowers Whites (Subfamily Pierinae) Hodgepodge of Insect Pine White Neophasia menapia Photos Nature Ali Wild Wanderings Becker's White Pontia beckerii Spring White Pontia sisymbrii Checkered White Pontia protodice Western White Pontia occidentalis The Butterfly Digest by Cabbage White Pieris rapae Bruce Webb - A digest of butterfly discussion around Large Marble Euchloe ausonides the nation. Frontispiece: 1 of 6 12/26/10 9:26 PM Checklist of Buerflies of Tulare County hp://www.natureali.org/Tularebuerflychecklist.htm
    [Show full text]
  • Incisalia Irus (Godart) Frosted Elfin
    frosted elfin, Page 1 Incisalia irus (Godart) frosted elfin State Distribution Copyright Michigan Natural Features Inventory Best Survey Period Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Status: Threatened Recognition: The frosted elfin is larger than most other elfin butterflies with a wingspan of approximately Global and state rank: G3/S2S3 1-1.25 inches (26-32 mm). Both sexes, are dark brown, and have a short tails protruding from the Family: Lycaenidae (harvesters, coppers, hairstreaks, hindwings. Located near the tail is a distinguishing and blues) black spot. Hindwings are lighter in color on the outer half than at the base and are dusted with Range: Frosted elfins are found locally in much of the purple scales. An irregular postmedial line is southeastern United States from western Tennessee present on the forewing. Female frosted elfins appear and western Alabama east to the Atlantic coast, and more reddish compared to the males (Pyle 1981). The from northern Florida north to Massachusetts. This hoary elfin is the most similar species, but the frosted species’ range is more narrow and more focused along elfin is larger and has the black hind spot (Glassberg the coastal areas of the Atlantic coast states through 1999, Nielsen 1999). In the larval stage, the caterpillar the northeastern United Sates. The populations also is yellowish green with three faint white lines dorsally, extends westward in a narrow band through New York, with white dashes subdorsally, with a whitish lateral line, Michigan, and Wisconsin. Frosted elfins also range and covered with brownish hairs (Scott 1986).
    [Show full text]
  • Surveys for Seaside Hoary Elfin ( Incisalia Polia Maritima ) and Insular Blue Butterfly ( Plebejus Saepiolus Littoralis ) at North Spit ACEC and New River ACEC
    Summary of: Surveys for Seaside Hoary Elfin ( Incisalia polia maritima ) and Insular Blue Butterfly ( Plebejus saepiolus littoralis ) at North Spit ACEC and New River ACEC Holly F. Witt, Wildlife Biologist Madeleine Vander Heyden, Wildlife Biologist Bureau of Land Management Coos Bay District North Bend, Oregon 31 August 2006 During the summer of 2006, surveys for Seaside Hoary Elfin ( Incisalia polia maritima ) and Insular Blue Butterfly ( Plebejus saepiolus littoralis ) were conducted at North Spit ACEC and New River ACEC in Coos County, Oregon on lands administered by the Coos Bay District of the Bureau of Land Management. The surveys were conducted by Dana Ross of Corvallis, Oregon, under a contract funded through the Oregon/Washington BLM & Region 6 Forest Service Interagency Special Status/Sensitive Species Program (ISSSSP). This document incorporates the report of survey methods and results Dana submitted to Coos Bay BLM. The Seaside Hoary Elfin ( Incisalia polia maritima ) and Insular Blue Butterfly (Plebejus saepiolus littoralis ) have an extremely limited (maritime) range and are known from only a few historical sites. Coos Bay BLM is within the range of both species and contains habitat suitable for their presence. Identification of these butterflies requires an expert familiar with local species. Both species are listed as Bureau Sensitive within Oregon by the BLM special status species program. BLM 6840 - Special Status Species Management policy objectives are: To ensure that actions requiring authorization or approval by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM or Bureau) are consistent with the conservation needs of special status species and do not contribute to the need to list any special status species, either under provisions of the ESA or other provisions of this policy.
    [Show full text]
  • And Mission Blue Butterfly Populations Found at Milagra Ridge and the Mission Blue Butterfly Population at Marin Headlands Are Managed by the GGNRA
    San Bruno Elfin Butterfly (Callophrys mossii bayensis) and Mission Blue Butterfly (Icaricia icarioides missionensis) 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation Photo by Patrick Kobernus: Adult male mission blue butterfly. Sacramento Fish and Wildlife Field Office U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Sacramento, California February 2010 5-YEAR REVIEW San Bruno Elfin Butterfly (Callophrys mossii bayensis) and Mission blue butterfly (Icaricia icarioides missionensis) I. GENERAL INFORMATION Purpose of 5-Year Reviews: The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) is required by section 4(c)(2) of the Endangered Species Act (Act) to conduct a status review of each listed species at least once every 5 years. The purpose of a 5-year review is to evaluate whether or not the species’ status has changed since it was listed (or since the most recent 5-year review). Based on the 5-year review, we recommend whether the species should be removed from the list of endangered and threatened species, be changed in status from endangered to threatened, or be changed in status from threatened to endangered. Our original listing of a species as endangered or threatened is based on the existence of threats attributable to one or more of the five threat factors described in section 4(a)(1) of the Act, and we must consider these same five factors in any subsequent consideration of reclassification or delisting of a species. In the 5-year review, we consider the best available scientific and commercial data on the species, and focus on new information available since the species was listed or last reviewed.
    [Show full text]
  • Callophrys Polios - Cook & F
    Alaska Natural Heritage Program Conservation Status Report Callophrys polios - Cook & F. Watson, 1907 Common Name: Hoary Elfin ELCODE: IILEPE2210 Taxonomic Serial No.: 777850 Synonyms: Incisalia polios Taxonomy Notes: NatureServe concept reference: Opler & Warren (2002). Report last updated – 17 May 2017 Conservation Status G5 S3 ASRS: not yet ranked Occurrences, Range Number of Occurrences: 326 museum records (KWP 2017, UAM 2017), number of EOs: 10 AK Range Extent: 7,544 km2 Occupancy 4 km2 grid cells: 11 Nowacki Ecoregions: Tanana River Valley near Fairbanks and Tok; encompassing the Intermontane Boreal Ecoregion. North American Distribution: Alaska east through southern Canada and the northern United States to the Atlantic, and south along the Rocky Mountains to New Mexico and Appalachians to Virginia (BAMONA 2017). Trends Short-term: Proportion collected has remained stable (<10% change). Long-term: Proportion collected has remained stable (<10% change). Callophrys polios Collections in Alaska 100 10 90 9 80 8 70 7 60 6 50 5 40 4 30 3 20 2 Percent of Museum Collections Numberof Museum Collections 10 1 0 0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Collections by Decade C. polios C. polios Proportion Threats Scope and Severity: Most threats (including development, pollution, biological resource use, etc.) are anticipated to be negligible in scope and unknown in severity. Climate change and severe weather has the potential to affect populations, especially as a species found above treeline; however we cannot anticipate the scope or severity of such impacts. Comments: Ecology Habitat: Open areas in the boreal forest in Alaska (Philip & Ferris 2016).
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Grizzled Skipper (Pyrgus Centaureae Wyandot)
    Conservation Assessment for the Southern Grizzled Skipper (Pyrgus Centaureae Wyandot) USDA Forest Service Eastern Region July 2002 Prepared by: David K. Parshall 614-262-0058 [email protected] This Conservation Assessment was prepared to compile the published and unpublished information on the subject taxon or community; or this document was prepared by another organization and provides information to serve as a Conservation Assessment for the Eastern Region of the Forest Service. It does not represent a management decision by the U.S. Forest Service. Though the best scientific information available was used and subject experts were consulted in preparation of this document, it is expected that new information will arise. In the spirit of continuous learning and adaptive management, if you have information that will assist in conserving the subject taxon, please contact the Eastern Region of the Forest Service-Threatened and Endangered Species Program at 310 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 580 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203 Conservation Assessment for The Southern Grizzled Skipper (Pyrgus Centaureae Wyandot) 2 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................... 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................... 4 NOMENCLATURE AND TAXONOMY .................................................. 5 DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES .................................................................... 7 LIFE HISTORY...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Species Diversity Report George Washington National Forest Draft EIS April 2011
    Appendix F - Species Diversity Report George Washington National Forest Draft EIS April 2011 U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Southern Region Species Diversity Report George Washington National Forest April 2011 Appendix F - Species Diversity Report George Washington National Forest Draft EIS April 2011 Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... i 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 5 2.0 Species Diversity..................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Ecosystem Context for Species ............................................................................................ 5 2.2 Identification and Screening of Species ............................................................................... 6 3.0 Threatened and Endangered Species ................................................................................... 7 3.1 Threatened and Endangered Species List ............................................................................ 7 3.2 Threatened and Endangered Species Descriptions and Plan Components .......................... 8 3.2.1 Indiana Bat ........................................................................................................................ 8 3.2.2 Virginia Big-Eared Bat ..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A SKELETON CHECKLIST of the BUTTERFLIES of the UNITED STATES and CANADA Preparatory to Publication of the Catalogue Jonathan P
    A SKELETON CHECKLIST OF THE BUTTERFLIES OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA Preparatory to publication of the Catalogue © Jonathan P. Pelham August 2006 Superfamily HESPERIOIDEA Latreille, 1809 Family Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809 Subfamily Eudaminae Mabille, 1877 PHOCIDES Hübner, [1819] = Erycides Hübner, [1819] = Dysenius Scudder, 1872 *1. Phocides pigmalion (Cramer, 1779) = tenuistriga Mabille & Boullet, 1912 a. Phocides pigmalion okeechobee (Worthington, 1881) 2. Phocides belus (Godman and Salvin, 1890) *3. Phocides polybius (Fabricius, 1793) =‡palemon (Cramer, 1777) Homonym = cruentus Hübner, [1819] = palaemonides Röber, 1925 = ab. ‡"gunderi" R. C. Williams & Bell, 1931 a. Phocides polybius lilea (Reakirt, [1867]) = albicilla (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869) = socius (Butler & Druce, 1872) =‡cruentus (Scudder, 1872) Homonym = sanguinea (Scudder, 1872) = imbreus (Plötz, 1879) = spurius (Mabille, 1880) = decolor (Mabille, 1880) = albiciliata Röber, 1925 PROTEIDES Hübner, [1819] = Dicranaspis Mabille, [1879] 4. Proteides mercurius (Fabricius, 1787) a. Proteides mercurius mercurius (Fabricius, 1787) =‡idas (Cramer, 1779) Homonym b. Proteides mercurius sanantonio (Lucas, 1857) EPARGYREUS Hübner, [1819] = Eridamus Burmeister, 1875 5. Epargyreus zestos (Geyer, 1832) a. Epargyreus zestos zestos (Geyer, 1832) = oberon (Worthington, 1881) = arsaces Mabille, 1903 6. Epargyreus clarus (Cramer, 1775) a. Epargyreus clarus clarus (Cramer, 1775) =‡tityrus (Fabricius, 1775) Homonym = argentosus Hayward, 1933 = argenteola (Matsumura, 1940) = ab. ‡"obliteratus"
    [Show full text]
  • Profile for San Bruno Elfin, Callophrys Mossii Bayensis
    Black, S. H., and D. M. Vaughan. 2005. Species Profile: Callophrys mossii bayensis. In Shepherd, M. D., D. M. Vaughan, and S. H. Black (Eds). Red List of Pollinator Insects of North America. CD-ROM Version 1 (May 2005). Portland, OR: The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. ________________________________________________________________________ Callophrys mossii bayensis (R. M. Brown), 1969 San Bruno Elfin (Lycaenidae: Theclinae: Eumaeini) Photo by Larry Orsak. Please contact the Xerces Society for permission to use. ________________________________________________________________________ Profile prepared by Scott Hoffman Black and Mace Vaughan The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation ________________________________________________________________________ SUMMARY The San Bruno Elfin inhabits rocky outcrops and cliffs in coastal scrub on the San Francisco peninsula. The San Bruno Elfin is restricted to a few small populations, the largest of which occurs on San Bruno Mountain. Its habitat has been diminished by quarrying, off-road recreation, and urban development. Development pressures on the San Francisco peninsula continue to grow, and the major threats to the butterfly— increased urbanization in the area, and loss of habitat by road construction and rock and sand quarrying—reflect this. Grazing may have encouraged the growth of exotic plants in the area. In the early 1980s, a habitat conservation plan was developed to allow development on San Bruno Mountain while minimizing the adverse effects on the San Bruno Elfin
    [Show full text]
  • Butterflies of Martha's Vineyard
    Butterflies of Martha’s Vineyard (version: 19 May 2021) This document represents a “checklist in progress” of the butterflies for which there are convincing records from Martha’s Vineyard. It is based on a checklist prepared years ago by Allan Keith for the Felix Neck Massachusetts Audubon Society sanctuary but includes additional information from many other sources, including my own observations since August 1997. Extreme dates are expressed either as 1-12 for month and A-D for week, or as month/date when specific date is known. Question marks (?) indicate approximate flight dates projected from Massachusetts records, not from Vineyard data. The dates of the flight period for a given species may vary considerably from year to year; abundance likewise varies widely from year to year, and all species can be expected to be uncommon near extreme dates. Also, many butterflies exhibit multiple flight periods each year and may be absent or rare between those periods. Species sequence follows checklists prepared by the Massachusetts Butterfly Club. Synonyms, generally obsolete, are given where I can determine them to assist with reference to older sources. The information presented here is as accurate as I could get it as of the version date that appears above. Future versions will incorporate changes in status, new species, or refined information. You can help improve this document by reporting interesting butterfly sightings (species described as rare here, species not listed here, sightings near or outside the extreme dates listed below) to Matt Pelikan, PO Box 2272, Oak Bluffs, MA 02557; (774) 521-7795; [email protected] Sources (either of specific records referenced here or of useful background information): AK = Allan Keith FN = Felix Neck List (Compiled by Allan Keith from personal records, LMNV, and other sources) LNMV = Jones, F.M., and C.P.
    [Show full text]