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Informe Final FIP 2000-09 INNFFOORMEE FFIINNAAL Instituto de Investigación FIP Nº 2014-35 Pesquera “Estimación de índices de reclutamiento basado en variables y modelos biofísicos de pelágicos pequeños de la zona centro-sur de Chile, Fase II” Av. Colón 2780, Casilla 350 Talcahuano Tel: +56-41-2920410 Fax:+56-41-2920411 [email protected] www.inpesca.cl Talcahuano, Septiembre 2017 FIP 2014-35. Estimación de índices de reclutamiento basado en variables y modelos biofísicos de pelágicos pequeños TITULO DEL PROYECTO : Estimación de índices de reclutamiento basado en variables y modelos biofísicos de pelágicos pequeños de la zona centro-sur de Chile, Fase II REQUIRENTE : Consejo de Investigación Pesquera, CIP Fondo de Investigación Pesquera Presidente CIP: Pablo Berazaluce Maturana UNIDAD EJECUTORA Departamento de Pesquerías Instituto de Investigación Pesquera Director: Aquiles Sepúlveda Oróstica JEFE PROYECTO : Sebastián Vásquez Pastene Biólogo Marino Instituto de Investigación Pesquera Casilla 350, Talcahuano, Chile Tel.: 56-41-2920410 Fax: 56-41-2920411 E-mail: [email protected] FIP 2014-35. Estimación de índices de reclutamiento basado en variables y modelos biofísicos de pelágicos pequeños FIP Nº 2014-35 “ESTIMACIÓN DE ÍNDICES DE RECLUTAMIENTO BASADO EN VARIABLES Y MODELOS BIOFÍSICOS DE PELÁGICOS PEQUEÑOS DE LA ZONA CENTRO-SUR DE CHILE, FASE II” Jefe Proyecto Sebastián Vásquez Pastene AUTORES Sebastián Vásquez Pastene Cristian Salas Domínguez Sergio Núñez Elías Luis Soto Mardones Jaime Letelier Pino Marcos Arteaga Vásquez Claudio Gatica Molina Aquiles Sepúlveda Oróstica Lilian Cisterna Aguayo Alexander Gretchina Instituto de Nicolás Alegría Landeros Investigación Patrix Contreras Acevedo Pesquera Andrés Ospina-Álvarez Octava Región Talcahuano (Chile), 2017 FIP 2014-35. Estimación de índices de reclutamiento basado en variables y modelos biofísicos de pelágicos pequeños INDICE DE CONTENIDOS INDICE DE CONTENIDOS ........................................................................................................ 1 INDICE DE TABLAS ................................................................................................................... 6 INDICE DE FIGURAS ................................................................................................................. 8 1.- RESUMEN EJECUTIVO ..................................................................................................... 17 2.- DESCRIPCION DE ACTIVIDADES DEL EQUIPO DE TRABAJO .............................. 23 3. OBJETIVOS DEL PROYECTO ........................................................................................... 27 4.- ANTECEDENTES ................................................................................................................. 29 4.1. Antecedentes biológicos y pesqueros de la anchoveta en la zona centro-sur de Chile ........................................................................................................................... 29 4.2. Principales procesos oceanográficos asociados a la zona centro-sur de Chile31 4.2.1. Antecedentes de los principales procesos oceanográficos asociados a la zona centro-sur de Chile ......................................................................................................... 31 4.2.1.1. Forzamiento atmosférico ................................................................................... 32 4.2.1.2. Proceso de surgencia costera ............................................................................. 33 4.2.1.3. Variabilidad interanual (eventos ENOS) ........................................................... 38 4.2.1.4. Estructuras de meso y sub-mesoescala .............................................................. 42 4.4. Poblaciones de anchoveta y sardina común como objeto de estudio mediante modelación biofísica ................................................................................................. 49 5. METODOLOGÍA DE TRABAJO ......................................................................................... 51 5.1. Esquema de modelación y herramientas utilizadas ....................................... 51 5.2. Modelo Hidrodinámico ..................................................................................... 52 5.2.1. Configuración del modelo hidrodinámico ROMS ................................................ 52 5.2.2. Configuración del MH padre ................................................................................ 53 5.2.3. Configuración del MH hijo .................................................................................. 56 5.2.4. Descripción de las variables de salida .................................................................. 60 5.2.5. Validación del modelo hidrodinámico ................................................................ 61 5.2.5.1. Validación basada en información satelital ...................................................... 62 5.2.5.2. Validación basada en datos hidrográficos ........................................................ 63 5.2.6. Plataforma computacional para la implementación del modelo ROMS .............. 65 1 FIP 2014-35. Estimación de índices de reclutamiento basado en variables y modelos biofísicos de pelágicos pequeños 5.3. Modelo de acoplamiento biofísico .................................................................... 67 5.3.1. Variables de estado del modelo biofísico ............................................................. 69 5.3.2. Acoplamiento modelo hidrodinámico a modelo biofísico .................................... 69 5.3.3. Compartimentos biológicos y submodelos ........................................................... 69 5.3.3.1. Modelo conceptual y revisión histórica ............................................................ 70 5.3.3.2. Submodelo de movimiento por estadío ............................................................. 71 5.3.3.3. Submodelo de distribución espacial del desove ................................................ 73 5.3.3.4. Submodelo de sincronización temporal del desove ........................................... 78 5.3.3.5. Submodelo de crecimiento ................................................................................. 81 5.3.3.5.1. Muestreo biológico ......................................................................................... 83 5.3.3.5.2. Análisis de otolitos ......................................................................................... 84 5.3.3.5.3. Ajuste modelos de crecimiento ...................................................................... 87 5.3.3.6. Submodelo de mortalidad y superindividuo ...................................................... 89 5.3.3.7. Procesos estocásticos ........................................................................................ 90 5.3.4. Simulaciones y experimentos de simulación ........................................................ 90 5.3.5. Variables de salida y procesos modelados ........................................................... 91 5.3.6. Plataforma computacional para la implementación del modelo biofísico ............ 91 5.4. Índices de reclutamiento a partir de modelación biofísica comparados con índices de reclutamiento provenientes de la evaluación de stock. ........................ 92 5.4.1 Indicadores de reclutamiento, definición de criterios ........................................... 92 5.4.2. Indicadores de reclutamiento obtenidos de la modelación biofísica ................... 92 5.4.3. Índices de transporte-advección ........................................................................... 94 5.4.4. Índices de sobrevivencia por estadio ................................................................... 94 5.4.5. Piezas de información para contrastar los resultados biofísicos ........................ 95 5.4.5.1. Índices de reclutamiento provenientes de la evaluación de stock de anchoveta95 5.4.5.2. Estimación de un indicador de reclutamiento mensual desde información de las capturas .................................................................................................................. 101 5.4.5.2.1. Descripción del muestreo de frecuencia de tallas ......................................... 102 5.4.5.3. Índice de reclutamiento obtenido desde cruceros acústicos ............................ 110 5.5. Identificación de forzantes biofísicos hacia el transporte y el reclutamiento110 5.5.1. Datos satelitales .................................................................................................. 110 2 FIP 2014-35. Estimación de índices de reclutamiento basado en variables y modelos biofísicos de pelágicos pequeños 5.5.1.1. Temperatura superficial del mar ...................................................................... 111 5.5.1.2. Viento satelital ................................................................................................. 112 5.5.1.3. Corrientes geostróficas y energía cinética ....................................................... 113 5.5.1.4. Clorofila superficial del mar ............................................................................ 114 5.5.2. Datos de campo .................................................................................................. 114 5.5.3. Análisis de series de tiempo y frecuencia ........................................................... 115 5.5.4. Análisis de los procesos de crecimiento, sobrevivencia y transporte de huevos y larvas ............................................................................................................................
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