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The Selkirk Settlement and the Settlers. a Concise History of The

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The Selkirk Settlement and the Settlers. a Concise History of The nus- C-0-i^JtJL^e^jC THE SELKIRK SETTLEMENT AND THE SETTLERS. ACONCISK HISTORY OF THE RED RIVER COUNTRY FROM ITS DISCOVEEY, Including Information Extracted from Original Documents Lately Discovered and Notes obtained from SELKIRK SETTLEMENT COLONISTS. By CHARLES N, BELL, F.R.G-.S., Honorary Corresponding Member of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society, Hamilton Association, Chicago Academy ot Science, Buffalo Historical Society, Historian of Wolseley's Expeditionary Force Association, etc., etc. Author ot "Our Northern Waters," "Navigation of Hudson's Bay and Strait," "Some Historical Names and - Places ot Northwest Canada,' "Red River Settlement History,"" Mound-builders in Manitoba." "Prehistoric Remains in the Canadian Northwest," "With the Half-breed Buffalo Hunters," etc., etc. Winnipeg : PRINTED Vf THE OFFICE 01 "THE COMHERCIA] ," J klftES ST. BAST. issT. The EDITH and LORNE PIERCE COLLECTION of CANADIANA Queen's University at Kingston c (Purchased primj^arm Pkra Qplkctiaru at Quun's unwersii/ oKmc J GfakOurwtt 5^lira cImst- >• T« Selkirk Settlement and the Settlers." By CHARLES X. BELL, F.R.G.S. II [STORY OF II B Ti: IDE. Red River settlement, and stood at the north end of the Slough at what is now About 17.'><i LaN erandyre, a French-Can- Donald adian, established on the Red river a known as Fast Selkirk village. Mr. colonists, in- trading post, which was certainly the first Murray, one of the Selkirk of occasion that white men had a fixed abode forms me that he slept at the ruins in the lower Red River valley. After 1770 such a place in the fall of 1815, when the English merchants and traders of arriving in this country. He states the Montreal sent fur traders, with assortments that it was an old post of called of goods, into the country west of Lake Hudson's Bay Company, and had been Ft. William. The chimneys still stood, in Superior, but it was not until the year 1 7! Hi that they, with the Hudson's Bay Co., a ruined condition, in 1815. Both the rival established permanent posts on the Red and fur companies also had trading posts at the west Assiniboine rivers. It is not clear, from Netley Creek, below Selkirk, on the available records, why the trade of side of the Red River. these districts was neglected, but it was A third fur company, called the presumably because the North Saskatch- X Y Company, numbering amongst ewan and Athabasca rivers afforded a suffi- its partners Sir Alexander Mackenzie and ciently extensive field for the force of ad- Edward Ellice, competed in the fur trade venturers engaged in the fur trade. Cer- on the Red and Assiniboine rivers, between tainly from the year 1796, both the Hudson's 1800 (perhaps a year or two before) and Bay Co. and the Northwest Co. had several 1804, when an amalgamation took place be- regularly supplied posts on the Red and tween it and the Northwest Co. Assiniboine rivers, though some of them In 1804 a large number of "freemen," or were abandoned from time to time, and re- discharged employees of the different fur- built in the immediate neighborhood, as was companies, found their way to the vicinity the case at Pembina and the mouth of the of the trading-posts on the Red and Assini- Souris. For instance, at Pembina in 1796 boine rivers, a small settlement also Peter Grant erected a fort on the east bank being made by them on the Pembina of the Red river directly opposite the river, at the place where it issues from the mouth of the Pembina river. In 1798 the Pembina mountains, then called the Hair post was on the south bank of the Pembina Hills. These freemen were nearly all of at its confluence with the Red and was French extraction, being cither Canadians under the charge of Charles Chabollier. or the issue of French-Canadian fathers and Again in 1801 Alexander Henry built a fort Indian women. It has been claimed that on the north side of the Pembina, a few the first white woman who arrived in the hundred yards from the deserted post on Red River country was a French-Canadian, the south side. These were all forts of the Madame Lajimoniere, who came to the Northwest Co. Northwest from Three Rivers, Quebec, in On Sept. 28th, 1803, Alexander Henry 1806. I have found in the unpublished left an assortment of trading goods with journal of Alexander Henry, an officer of another officer of the Northwest Company the Northwest Company, a record of the at the Forks, which place was situated at fact that in 1807 an Orkney uirl, disguised the point between the Red River and the as a boy, who had followed her lover out Assiniboine, on the north side of the latter. from the Orkney Islands, gave birth to a The next spring a large return of fur was child at Pembina. But Henry speaks of shipped from this post to Fort William, on the wives of some of the Northwest Com- Lake Superior. It was not until 1806 that pany's officers residing at the posts on the a fort of any considerable size was erected Red river from 1800 to 1806 in such terms at the Forks, when at that date the North- that it implies that they were not of Indian west Company built Fort Gibraltar, which blood, so that investigation may yet show was in after years the centre of very great that white women were here prior to the interest to the Selkirk settlers. above-mentioned two. The Hudson's Bay Company claim that After the establishment of Fort (Gibraltar they had a trading post on the Red River in 1806, it would appear, from the slight as early as 1796, and there is every reason amount of data available, that quite a num- to conclude that such a fort was in existence ber of French-Canadians and Metis settled at a very earlv date in the history of the on the Red river and erected dwellings, 1 111. Selkirk Settlement and the Skttlers. where their families resided during the win- became anxious that their faces should be ters and when the men were absent in the turned to some colony of the empire. On service of the Northwest Company. I ean May "24th, 1799, on the death of his father, find DOthicg regarding the operations of he succeeded to the earldom of Selkirk, his the Hudson's Bay Compauy for some six brothers having died before that date, years after 1808, but it is likely that the last in 1797, when he took the title of they continued to trade on the two rivers as Lord Daer and Shortcleugh. they, like the Northwest company, had From the time Selkirk visited the High- posts on both streams when the Selkirk lands to 1802 he was striving to carry out colonists arrived in 1812. some scheme which would bring relief to This leads us up to the date when matters the peasantry there. After much corres- in England were shaping themselves tend- pondence with the British government re- ing to the formation of a colony on the garding the coloni/.imj of a large tract of banks of the far-distant Red river, which land in the island of St. John, since named afterwards resulted in a vast amount of Prince Edward Island, he succeeded in a trouble and considerable bloodshed before practical manner in carrying out his pro- the colonists were allowed to settle down ject. In August, 1803, 800 selected emi- quietly to agricultural pursuits and in grants were landed at the colony, where, permanent abodes. though meeting with very many LORD SELKIRK. difficulties, they eventually suc- Thomas Douglas, fifth Earl of Selkirk, ceeded beyond their most sanguine Baron Daer and Shortcleugh in the Scotch expectations, their descendants to-day num- peerage (1771-1820), was the seventh and bering many thousands of the population of youngest son of Dunbar (Hamilton) Douglas, the island. the fourth earl. Born at the family seat in Lord Selkirk, after personally superin- Kirkcudbrightshire, on the 20th June, 1771, tending the placing of the colony, (which he was educated at Edinburgh university, he revisited the following year) undertook associating there with Sir Walter Scott, an extended tour through the United States who in future years was a firm and stead- and Canada. Letters are on fyle in the fast fiiend. Archives Department at Ottawa which show As early as 1792 Selkirk interested him- that he was endeavoring to establish self in the state of the Highland peasantry, settlements in Upper Canada as far west who were frequently evicted from their as the Sault St. Marie. In 1803 he homes and forced to emigrate. He proposed to the Government of Upper found, during a lengthened journey amongst Canada to construct a wagon road these people, that the country was fast be- from his colony of Baldoon, in Kent county, coming pastoral, and the conviction was to Toronto, at a cost of over £40,000, if the forced upon him, that emigration was the government would give him a grant of cer- only hope left to the Highlanders, and with tain crown lands at points along the road; the true instincts of a British subject, he but the government would not a^ree with The Selkirk Settlement \m> the Settlers him as to valuation of the lands, and the written and published by John Halkett, a project fell through. Selkirk wrote a Dum- relative of Selkirk, is given a very differ ber of works on "The necessity of a more ent version of this decision by these same effective system of national defence,* 1 '\Par legal authorities, and nmeh mon favorable liamentary Reform/ 1 etc.
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