CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY WiLLARD FiSKE Endowment """"""" '""'"'^ E 78.C2M162" Vanguards of Canada 3 1924 028 638 488 A Cornell University S Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028638488 VANGUARDS OF CANADA BOOKS The Rev. John Maclean, M.A., Ph.D., B.D. Vanguards of Canada By JOHN MACLEAN, M.A., Ph.D.. D.D. Member of the British Association, The American Society for the Advance- ment of Science, The American Folk-Lore Society, Correspondent of The Bureau of Ethnology, Washington; Chief Archivist of the Methodist Church, Canada. B 13 G TORONTO The Missionary Society of the Methodist Church The Young People's Forward Movement Department F. C. STEPHENSON, Secretary 15. OOPTRIGHT, OanADA, 1918, BT Frboeriok Clareb Stbfhekgon TOROHTO The Missionary Society of the Methodist Church The Young People's Forward Movement F. 0. Stephenson , Secretary. PREFACE In this admirable book the Rev. Dr. Maclean has done a piece of work of far-reaching significance. The Doctor is well fitted by training, experience, knowledge and sym- pathy to do this work and has done it in a manner which fully vindicates his claim to all these qualifications. Our beloved Canada is just emerging into a vigorous consciousness of nationhood and is showing herself worthy of the best ideals in her conception of what the hig'hest nationality really involves. It is therefore of the utmost importance that the young of this young nation thrilled with a new sense of power, and conscious of a new place in the activities of the world, should understand thoroughly those factors and forces which have so strikingly combined to give us our present place of prominence. Our fathers wisely emphasized some important fundamentals and their fidelity to truth and righteousness is largely responsible for that type of Canadian citizenship of which we are today so justly proud. The sacrifice and heroism which have so marked these past four years are not an accident. They are the product of devoted lives and consecrated personalities. Great men, forgetful of glory and asking only that they might serve, have given ungrudgingly all they had of energy, devotion and ability to the young life of Canada. These great souls have piloted Canadian life up through the roughness of the wilderness and the remoteness of the plain into its present place of power and progress. To these men there were two great realities in life, all other things were secondary. The supreme matters were the moral and spiritual verities. If these were true to the highest principles of life and being then all was well. To men of this cast religion was concerned with true spiritual attitudes and proper moral conceptions. Re- ligion was no mere form nor passing ritual but a deep and abiding consciousness of living contact with God and with the spirit world. If men failed to come into touch with God and this spirit world, then all was lost. It became a burning passion with these men to bring the , vi PREFACE. new settlers from other lands and the pagan aborigines of the forest and the plain into a clear and definite consciousness of their communion with God. Such ne^-'^" ness to and contact with God have a wonderfully purify- ing effect upon the fountains and streams of life. As a people, we are just beginning to understand how funda- mental the work done by these noble pioneers was to the splendid fabric of our social and civil life today. Dr. Maclean gives in the following pages a brief his- tory of a few of these noble men. In a concise form he gives us a glimpse of the trials and triumphs of some of the worthy men whose lives were laid upon the altar of the spiritual welfare of our country. The Doctor has not attempted to present a long and critical analysis of the forces which made these men great, but he has so told the story of their deeds that any one can readily understand the secret of their power. While telling each story he has not forgotten to link it with the other great streams of influence which have been forming in the years to make Canada our boast and pride today. This excellent book coming as it does when an awak- ened interest is being felt in the noble red man, ought to be in every home. But the red man is not our only problem. Thousands are coming to our shores. They are breathing the fresh air of a new found liberty. They too must learn the secret of this liberty which we possess. To make them worthy citizens of Canada should be the aim of every true Canadian. They must be educated, enlightened and taught to live and respect the institutions we love so dearly. In their case, as in all others, the finest type of citizenship can be secured only by the power of the Gospel of Jesus Christ felt in the heart and known in the life. The supreme lesson of this book is that the law of life is " Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart and soul and strength and thy neighbor as thyself." ^' ^' ^^™^^^- Wesley College, Dec. 4, 1918. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I Kahkewayquonaby . - . 1 Of the Six Nation Indians. II Shawundais - - - 17 The Ojibway Orator. III James Evans - - - 28 Inventor of the Cree Syllabic. IV Robert Terrill Rundle - - 46 First Protestant Missionary in the North-West. V Thomas Hurlburt - - 66 Linguist and Scholar. VI Thomas Woolsey - 84 A Pioneer of the Buffalo Days. VII Henry B. Steinhauer 101 The Native Founder of Missions. VIII George McDougall - - 119 Traveller and Hero. IX George Young - - - 13» The Early Days at Fort Garry. X Chief Joseph - - 167 And the Oka Indians. XI Thomas Crosby - 180 Up and Down the Pacific Coast. X-II John McDougall 198 Missionary and Empire Builder. XIII James Woodsworth - 212 The Ecclesiastical Statesman. XIV Martyrs of the Cross 229 XV Heroines of Western Canada 252 vii ILLUSTRATIONS The Rev. John Maclean, M.A., Ph.D., D.D. Frontispiece Thayendanegea Facing page 4 Kahkewayquonaby " 14 Shawundais; The Rev. William Case; Sault Ste. Marie in 1845 The Rev. James Evans; A Marriage Certificate in Cree Syllabic Rocky Mountain House, 1845 ; Red River Settlement in 1845 The Rev. Robert Terrill Rundle ; Edmonton in 1840 Mount Rundle, near Banff, in the Canadian Rockies Methodist Missionaries from the North, 1876 A Chief of the Blackfoot Indians ; A Blackfoot Record The Rev. Thomas Woolsey; The Rev. John McDougall; An Indian Buffalo Hunt Native Indian Missionaries—^the Rev. Henry B. Steinhauer and His Sons The Rev. George Millward McDougall; Nor- way House, where George McDougall was Stationed in I860 Chief Berens and His Wife Missionaries of the Red River District, Toronto Conference, 1876 The Beginning of a Great City—Early Days in Winnipeg - The Grandson of an Oka Chief in His Grand- father's Dress; The Congregation Leaving the Indian Church at Oka ix ILLUSTRATIONS. A Flathead Indian Mother and Baby; The page 182 Interior of an Indian Lodge Facing " 196 The Rev. Thomas Crosby Chiefs of North-West Indian Tribes; Winter " Travel by Dog Train - 20a> The McDougall Orphanage, Morley, Alberta; Dr. McDougall, Indian Children, and Orphanage Staff ' 2oe The Rev. George Young; The Rev. James Woodsworth; Wesley College, Winnipeg ' 222 The Rev. James McLachlan; The Rev. Edward Paupanakis; The Rev. Fred. Cory ' 248 Mrs. George McDougall ' 258 Map Showing Journeys of Missionaries Insert CHAPTER I KAHKEWAYQUONABY Of the Six Nation Indians THE race of heroes never dies. In every age and country the hero hves, an immortal among his fellows, careless of life or his place in history, and unconscious of his power or fame. Savage and civilized alike yearn for the great man, whom they delight to honor as a gift from the gods, to lead them toward nohle ideals and the heights of glory, where they may hold fellowship with all that is best in nature and man and God. The Greek Hercules is akin to the British Wellington and Gordon, the Canadian Wolfe and Mont- calm, and the American Washington. Our poetry, fiction and history would be listless without heroes and heroines. The thrill of pleasure, the vivid scene to feed the imagina- tion, and our great works of art would be wanting in the grand element of permanence, without the presence of heroic thoughts and deeds. Beyond the smoke and din and blood of the battlefield, there lie other spheres where men and women fight and die in the cause of freedom. In the field of industry and the realm of literature, and on dark continents and lone islands, there are Careys and Livingstones who lead a mighty host, bearing the banner of truth, that justice and love may prevail and souls be won for God. The world is always in need of dreamers, who stand on the tops of the mountains and look down the centuries, far apart from their fellowmen, and often- times misunderstood and scoffed at; yet their work, un- seen and unrecognized, endures and posterity reaps the reward. The quest of the Holy Grail remains an abiding [1] 3 VANGUARDS OF CANADA with a lesson for all ages, and Sir Launfal is the man street vision, for whom the days of bustle in the crowded of our of the modem city always wait. On the pages solitary, national history, there stands forth one great, figure, in the person of Samuel de Champlain, a man of noble deeds and inspiring vision, who visited Panama more than three hundred years ago, and conceived the idea of a ship canal across the Isthmus, which would lessen a voyage to the South Sea by more than three hundred leagues.