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The Conquest of the Great Northwest Piled Criss-Cross Below Higher Than

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The Conquest of the Great Northwest Piled Criss-Cross Below Higher Than The Conquest of the Great Northwest festooned by a mist-like moss that hung from tree to tree in loops, with the windfall of untold centuries piled criss-cross below higher than a house. The men grumbled.They had not bargained on this kind of voyaging. Once down on the west side of the Great Divide, there were the Forks.MacKenzie's instincts told him the northbranch looked the better way, but the old guide had said only the south branch would lead to the Great River beyond the mountains, and they turned up Parsnip River through a marsh of beaver meadows, which MacKenzie noted for future trade. It was now the 3rd of June.MacKenzie ascended a. mountain to look along the forward path. When he came down with McKay and the Indian Cancre, no canoe was to be found.MacKenzie sent broken branches drifting down stream as a signal and fired gunshot after gunshot, but no answer!Had the men deserted with boat and provisions?Genuinely alarmed, MacKenzie ordered McKay and Cancre back down the Parsnip, while he went on up stream. Whichever found the canoe was to fire a gun.For a day without food and in drenching rains, the three tore through the underbrush shouting, seeking, despairing till strength vas ethausted and moccasins worn to tattersBarefoot and soaked, MacKenzie was just lying down for the night when a crashing 64 "The Coming of the Pedlars" echo told him McKay had found the deserters. They had waited till he had disappeared up the mountain, then headed the canoe north and drifted down stream. The Indians were openly panic- stricken and wanted to build a raft. to float home. The French voyageurs pretended they had been delayed mending the canoe.MacKenzie took no outward notice of the treachery, hut henceforth never let the crew out ofhis own or McKay's sight. A week later, Indians were met who told Mac- Kenzie of the Carrier tribes, inlanders, who bartered with the Indians on the seaOne old man drew a birch bark map of how the Parsnip led to a portage overland to another river flowing to the sea.Prom- ising to return in two moons (months),MacKenzie embarked with an Indian for guide. On the evening of June 12th, they entered a little lake, the source of Peace River. A beaten path led over a low ridge to another little lakethe sourceof the river that flowed to the Pacific.This was Bad River, a branch of the Fraser, though MacKenziethought it was a branch of the Great RivertheColumbia. The little lake soon narrowed to aswift torrent, which swept the canoe along like, achip.MacKenzie wanted to 'valk along the shore, for some oneshould go ahead to look outfor rapids, but the crew msisted if they were to perish, he must perishwith them, and 6 The Con qnest of the Great Northwest all hands embarked. The consequence was that the canoe was presently caught in a swirl.A rock banged through the bottom tearing away the keel. Round swung the tottering craft to the rush!An- other smash, and out went the bow, the canoe flat- tening like a board, the Indians weeping aloud on top of the baggage, the vdyageurs paralyzed with fear, hanging to the gun'els.0n swept the wrecked canoe! The foreman frantically grabbed the branch of an overhanging tree.It jerked him bodily ashore and the canoe flat as a flap-jack came to a stop in shallow sands. There was not much said for some minutes. Bad River won a reputation that it has ever since sus- tained.All the bullets were lost.Powder and bag- gage had to be fished up and spread out to dry in the sun. One dazed voyageur walked across the spread- out powder with a pipe between his teeth when a yell of warning that. he might blow them all to eternitybrought him to his senses and relieved the terrific tension The men were treated to a regale, and then sent to hunt bark for a fresh canoeThere now succeeded such an impenetrable morass blocked by windfall that theoyageurs made only two miles a day Though MacKenzie and McKay watched their guide by turns at night, he succeeded mescaping, 66 "The Coming of the Pedlars" and the white men must risk meeting the inland q Carriers without an interpreter.On the x5th of June, Bad River turned westward into the Fraser. Of his parley with the Carriers, there is no space to tell.I have told the story in another volume, but somewhere between what are now known as Quesnel and Alexandrianamed after himit became ap- parent, that the river was leading too far south. Besides, the passage was utterly impassable. 'Mac- Kenzie headed his canoe back up the western fork of the Fraserthe Blackwater River, and thence on July 4th, leaving the canoe and caching provisions, struck overland and westward.The Pacific was reached on the 22nd of July,1793,in the vicinity of Bela Coo1a. By the end of August he was back at the Forks on Peace River, and at once proceeded to Chippewyan on Athabasca Lake, where he passed the winter. 67 CHAP'I'ER XXIV 1780-1810 "THE COMING OF THE PEDLARS" CONTINUED- MACKENZIE AND MCTAVISHQUARREL - THE NOR' WESTERS INVADE HUDSON BAY WATERS AND CHALLENGE 'rHE CHARThRRUFFIANISM OF NOR'WESTERSMIJRDER AND BOYCOTT OF HUD- SON'S BAY MENUP-TO-DATE COMMERCIALISM AS CONDUCTED IN TERMS OF A CLUB AND WITHOUT LAW. next spring, MacKenzie left the West forever.Again his report of discovery THEwas coldly received by the partners on Lake Superior. The smoldering jealousy between Simon McTavish of the old Nor'Westers and Alex- ander MacKenzie broke out in flame.MacKenzie seceded from the Nor'Westers and with Pierre de Rocheblave and the Oglivies of Montreal reorgan izeci the Little Company variously known as "The Potties," from "Les Petits," and "the X. Y:'s" from the stamp on their pelts, X Y, to distinguish them from the N W MacKenzie's Journalwas publishedHe was gis en a title in recognition of his services to the Empire Now in possession ofan 63 "The Coming of the Pedlars" independent and growing fortune, he boughthim- self an estate in Scotland where the fame ofhis journal attracted the attention of anotherbrilliant young ScotchmanLordSelkirk.The two became acquainted and talked over plans of forming a vast company, that wouldinclude not only the X. Y.'s and Nor'Westers, but the Hudson's Bay andRussian companies.Hudson's Bay stock had fallen from £250 to £so ashare.With the aim of a union, Mac- Kenzie and Selkirk began buying sharesin the Hud- son's Bay, and Selkirk comes on avisit to Canada. Meanwhileout in CanadaSimonMcTavish, "the Marquis," was not idle up to thetime of his death. The Hudson's Bay hadbarred out other traders from Labrador.Good! Simon McTavish accepted the challenge, and from thegovernment of Canada rented the old King'sDomain of Southern Labrador for £i000 a year.The English company had forbidden interlopers on the watersof Hudson Bay.Good! The Nor'Westers acceptedthat chal lenge.Duncan McGilhivray, anephew of Mc- Tavish, dictates a letter to theancient English com- pany begging them to suehim for what he is going to do, so that the case maybe forever settled inthe courtsThen he hires CaptainRichards away from the Company and sends him onthe ship Eddystane, in 1803, straight intoHudson Bay, to establish a 69 The Conquest of the Great Northwest trading post at Charlton Island and another at Moose for the Nor'Westers. The Hudson's Bay Company declines the challenge.They will not sue the North- West Company and so revive the whole question of their charter; but they sue their. old Captain, John Richards, and order Mr. Geddes to hire more men in the Orkneys, and they freeze those interlopers out of the bay by bribing the Indians so that Simon McTavish's men retire from Chariton and Moose with loss.And the English Adventurers go one farther: they petition Parliament, in i8o5, for "au- thority to deal with crimes committed in the Indian country." Simon McTavish dies in 1804.The X. Y.'s and the Nor'Westers unite, and well they do, for clashes are increasing between Hudson's Bays and Nor'- Westers, between English and French, from Lake Superior to the Rockies. Down at Nipigon in i800, where Duncan Cameron had attracted the Indians away from Albany, first blood is shed. Young Labau,a Frenchman, whose goods have been advanced by the Nor'Westers, deserts for the Hudson's Bay.Schultz, the North- west clerk, pursues and orders the young Frenchman back. Labau offers to pay for the goods, but he will not go back to the Northwest CompanySchultz draws his dagger and stabs the boy to deathFor 70 "The Coming of the Pedlars" this, he is dismissed by the Nor'Westers, but no other punishment follows for the murder. Albany River at this time was the trail inland from Hudson Bay to the plains, to the Red River and the Missouri and modern Edmonton. Thç Nor'Westers determined to block thistrail.The Northwest partner, Haldane, came to Bad Lakein i8o6 with five voyageurs and knocked up quarters for them- selves near the Hudson's Bay cabins.By May, William Corrigal, the Hudson's Bay man, hadfour hundred and eighty packs of furs.One night, when all the English were asleep, the Nor'Westbullies marched across, broke into the cabins, placedpistols at the head of Corrigal and his men,and plundered the place of furs.Never dreaming that Haldane, the Northwest partner, would countenance open robbery, Corrigal dressed and went across tothe Northwest house to complain.
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