B 46 - Commission of Inquiry Into the Red River Disturbances
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Fort Niagara Flag Is Crown Jewel of Area's Rich History
Winter 2009 Fort Niagara TIMELINE The War of 1812 Ft. Niagara Flag The War of 1812 Photo courtesy of Angel Art, Ltd. Lewiston Flag is Crown Ft. Niagara Flag History Jewel of Area’s June 1809: Ft. Niagara receives a new flag Mysteries that conforms with the 1795 Congressional act that provides for 15 starts and 15 stripes Rich History -- one for each state. It is not known There is a huge U.S. flag on display where or when it was constructed. (There were actually 17 states in 1809.) at the new Fort Niagara Visitor’s Center that is one of the most valued historical artifacts in the December 19, 1813: British troops cap- nation. The War of 1812 Ft. Niagara flag is one of only 20 ture the flag during a battle of the War of known surviving examples of the “Stars and Stripes” that were 1812 and take it to Quebec. produced prior to 1815. It is the earliest extant flag to have flown in Western New York, and the second oldest to have May 18, 1814: The flag is sent to London to be “laid at the feet of His Royal High- flown in New York State. ness the Prince Regent.” Later, the flag Delivered to Fort Niagara in 1809, the flag is older than the was given as a souvenir to Sir Gordon Star Spangled Banner which flew over Ft. McHenry in Balti- Drummond, commander of the British more. forces in Ontario. Drummond put it in his As seen in its display case, it dwarfs home, Megginch Castle in Scotland. -
10-2 157410 Volumes 1-7 Open FA 10-2
10-2_157410_volumes_1-7_open FA 10-2 RG Volume Reel no. Title / Titre Dates no. / No. / No. de de bobine volume RG10-A-1-a 1 10996 Copy made of a surrender from the Six Nations to Caleb Benton, John Livingston and 1796-05-27 Associates, entered into 9 July 1788 RG10-A-1-a 1 10996 Copy made of a surrender from the Six Nations to Caleb Benton, John Livingston and 1796-08-31 Associates, entered into 9 July 1788 RG10-A-1-a 1 10996 Copy made of a surrender from the Six Nations to Caleb Benton, John Livingston and 1796-11-17 Associates, entered into 9 July 1788 RG10-A-1-a 1 10996 Copy made of a surrender from the Six Nations to Caleb Benton, John Livingston and 1796-12-28 Associates, entered into 9 July 1788 RG10-A-1-a 1 10996 William Dummer Powell to Peter Russell respecting Joseph Brant 1797-01-05 RG10-A-1-a 1 10996 Robert Prescott to Peter Russell respecting the Indian Department - Enclosed: Copy of Duke of 1797-04-26 Portland to Prescott, 13 December 1796, stating that the Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada will head the Indian Department, but that the Department will continue to be paid from the military chest - Enclosed: Copy of additional instructions to Lieutenant Governor U.C., 15 December 1796, respecting the Indian Department - Enclosed: Extract, Duke of Portland to Prescott, 13 December 1796, respecting Indian Department in U.C. RG10-A-1-a 1 10996 Robert Prescott to Peter Russell sending a copy of Robert Liston's letter - Enclosed: Copy, 1797-05-18 Robert Liston to Prescott, 22 April 1797, respecting the frontier posts RG10-A-1-a -
Adapted SS10
Into the Great 8 Northwest en’s arms had never felt so sore. to count, one bear, one moose, and a bunch After paddling a canoe for two days, of beaver lodges and dams. (Ben was kind Bhe had had enough. of mad at the beavers. Their dams had “How much farther?” he asked. “Just forced a few unplanned portages.) They another hour or so, and we’ll make camp had caught some Northern pike that they for the night,” the guide replied. had cooked over the fire within an hour When Ben and his dad signed up for of pulling them out of the water. Ben had the canoe trip, it had sounded like fun. never enjoyed eating They would spend five days in the woods fish so much. with nothing to do but paddle and look for wildlife. So far, they had seen several bald eagles, a couple of turtles, too many deer Figure 8.1 Ben’s canoe trip 120 People and Stories of Canada to 1867 • Chapter 8 CH8_9.indd 120 12/8/06 6:30:45 PM The adventure had been a lot of fun, The voyageurs were a lot tougher than but his muscles were starting to ache. Ben Ben. They had to be able to paddle 16 to wondered how he’d get through three more 18 hours each day, or for as long as it was days of paddles and portages. light outside. They slept under their canoes Today, most of us canoe or camp just in bad weather, and they did without tents. -
The Selkirk Settlement and the Settlers. a Concise History of The
nus- C-0-i^JtJL^e^jC THE SELKIRK SETTLEMENT AND THE SETTLERS. ACONCISK HISTORY OF THE RED RIVER COUNTRY FROM ITS DISCOVEEY, Including Information Extracted from Original Documents Lately Discovered and Notes obtained from SELKIRK SETTLEMENT COLONISTS. By CHARLES N, BELL, F.R.G-.S., Honorary Corresponding Member of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society, Hamilton Association, Chicago Academy ot Science, Buffalo Historical Society, Historian of Wolseley's Expeditionary Force Association, etc., etc. Author ot "Our Northern Waters," "Navigation of Hudson's Bay and Strait," "Some Historical Names and - Places ot Northwest Canada,' "Red River Settlement History,"" Mound-builders in Manitoba." "Prehistoric Remains in the Canadian Northwest," "With the Half-breed Buffalo Hunters," etc., etc. Winnipeg : PRINTED Vf THE OFFICE 01 "THE COMHERCIA] ," J klftES ST. BAST. issT. The EDITH and LORNE PIERCE COLLECTION of CANADIANA Queen's University at Kingston c (Purchased primj^arm Pkra Qplkctiaru at Quun's unwersii/ oKmc J GfakOurwtt 5^lira cImst- >• T« Selkirk Settlement and the Settlers." By CHARLES X. BELL, F.R.G.S. II [STORY OF II B Ti: IDE. Red River settlement, and stood at the north end of the Slough at what is now About 17.'><i LaN erandyre, a French-Can- Donald adian, established on the Red river a known as Fast Selkirk village. Mr. colonists, in- trading post, which was certainly the first Murray, one of the Selkirk of occasion that white men had a fixed abode forms me that he slept at the ruins in the lower Red River valley. After 1770 such a place in the fall of 1815, when the English merchants and traders of arriving in this country. -
Labour Relations Among Bourgeois, Clerks and Voyageurs in the Montréal Fur Trade, 1780-1821
Unfair Masters and Rascally Servants? Labour Relations Among Bourgeois, Clerks and Voyageurs in the Montréal Fur Trade, 1780-1821 Carolyn Pod men ny THE HISTORY OF WORKING PEOPLES in the fur trade has recently become a subject of concentrated interest.1 The publication of Edith Burley's Servants of the Hon ourable Country, which explores the master and servant relationship between Orkney workers and Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) officers stands as an important development in focussing attention squarely on the workers themselves, and demonstrates the extent of their power through insubordination and resistance. A Some broader studies of labour and capital in early Canadian history briefly mention fur trade workers, Such as H. Clare Pentland, Labour and Capital in Canada, 1650-1860 (Toronto: James Lorimer & Co. 1981), 30-3; and Bryan D. Palmer, Working-Class Experi ence: Rethinking the History of Canadian Labour, 1800-1991 (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart 1992), 35-6. European labourers first received significant examination by Jennifer S.H. Brown, Strangers in Blood: Fur Trade Families in Indian Country (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press 1980). Native labourers have been subject to some examination by Carol M. Judd, "Native Labour and Social Stratification in the Hudson's Bay Company's Northern Department, 1770-1870," Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 17, 4 (November 1980) 305-14. Edith I. Burley, Servants of the Honourable Company: Work, Discipline, and Conflict in the Hudson's Bay Company, 1770-1879 (Toronto, New York and Oxford: Oxford Univer sity Press 1997); Philip Goldring first began to compile information on labourers in Papers on the Labour System of the Hudson's Bay Company, 1821-1900, Volume I, Manuscript Report Series, no. -
The Yukon I: Last Blank Spot on The
INSTITUTE OF" CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS DAWJ-2 P.O. Box 2723, The Yukon I: Whitehorse, Last Blank Spot on the Map Yukon, Canada. June 16th, 1966. Richard H. Nolte, Esq., Executive Director, Institute of Current World Affairs, 366 Madison Avenue, New York, N.Y. lOO17, U.S.A. Dear . Nolte: "I a.m the, 1.a.nd that liptens,. I a.m. th,e 1.and that broods, Robert Service was not all doggerel. He could write flowing verse and while it might be a trifle over-ripe, it conveyed an impression of the Yukon which no one else has touched or equalled. The Yukon that Service wrote about in the early 1900's had been a century in the making. Canadian coureursde bois had assumed there was land west of the Mackenzie watershed and the Indians knew for certain that there was one more great river before the western sea. By 1840 the outline of the Yukon's coast and boundary mountains was appearing on maps. Franklin had explored the Beaufort Sea and the Russians had poked into the interior of their American possessions far enough to know that there was a vast hinterland between them and the Hudson's Bay Company. But the Russians preferred a bibulous life in their damp settlements on the coast and there was no royal route into the Yukon's watershed for the Canadian fur brigades. The map makers had to pause and the Yukon became the last blank spot on the map of north America. It took a determined and single minded man to breach this final barrier. -
Grand Portage. This Meeting Formed the Final Session =Of the Tenth State Historical Convention
GRAND PORTAGE 1 I have not words to tell you how deeply I appreciate the honor you have conferred upon me in asking me to speak to you on this historic occasion. I am sure I express the feelings of every Canadian here today when I say that we deem it a privilege to be permitted to join with you in commemorating the two-hundredth anniversary of the discovery of Grand Por tage and of all that grew out of that discovery. For it must not be forgotten that when La Verendrye landed on these shores two centuries ago and sent his nephew and his son forward to Rainy Lake, he set in motion forces, that have profoundly in fluenced these two neighboring countries. In the years that followed he and his gallant sons made their way into the West, to the Lake of the Woods, Lake Winnipeg, Red River, the Assiniboine, the Missouri, and the Saskatchewan, blazing a path to those vast interior plains of North America that today help so materially to feed the nations of the world. Inciden tally it is an odd fact that the first attempt by white men to raise grain west of the Great Lakes was made nearly two hundred years ago; the farmer was La Verendrye, and the place that curiously isolated bit of Minnesota on the west side of the Lake of the Woods. But I am to talk to you about Grand Portage, and if I hesitate to embark upon that subject, and if you find what I have to say to you this afternoon neither informative nor di verting, please bear in mind that Dr. -
Constitution and Government 33
CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT 33 GOVERNORS GENERAL OF CANADA. FRENCH. FKENCH. 1534. Jacques Cartier, Captain General. 1663. Chevalier de Saffray de Mesy. 1540. Jean Francois de la Roque, Sieur de 1665. Marquis de Tracy. (6) Roberval. 1665. Chevalier de Courcelles. 1598. Marquis de la Roche. 1672. Comte de Frontenac. 1600. Capitaine de Chauvin (Acting). 1682. Sieur de la Barre. 1603. Commandeur de Chastes. 1685. Marquis de Denonville. 1607. Pierredu Guast de Monts, Lt.-General. 1689. Comte de Frontenac. 1608. Comte de Soissons, 1st Viceroy. 1699. Chevalier de Callieres. 1612. Samuel de Champlain, Lt.-General. 1703. Marquis de Vaudreuil. 1633. ii ii 1st Gov. Gen'l. (a) 1714-16. Comte de Ramesay (Acting). 1635. Marc Antoine de Bras de fer de 1716. Marquis de Vaudreuil. Chateaufort (Administrator). 1725. Baron (1st) de Longueuil (Acting).. 1636. Chevalier de Montmagny. 1726. Marquis de Beauharnois. 1648. Chevalier d'Ailleboust de Coulonge. 1747. Comte de la Galissoniere. (c) 1651. Jean de Lauzon. 1749. Marquis de la Jonquiere. 1656. Charles de Lauzon-Charny (Admr.) 1752. Baron (2nd) de Longueuil. 1657. D'Ailleboust de Coulonge. 1752. Marquis Duquesne-de-Menneville. 1658. Vicomte de Voyer d'Argenson. j 1755. Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal. 1661. Baron Dubois d'Avaugour. ! ENGLISH. ENGLISH. 1760. General Jeffrey Amherst, (d) 1 1820. James Monk (Admin'r). 1764. General James Murray. | 1820. Sir Peregrine Maitland (Admin'r). 1766. P. E. Irving (Admin'r Acting). 1820. Earl of Dalhousie. 1766. Guy Carleton (Lt.-Gov. Acting). 1824. Lt.-Gov. Sir F. N. Burton (Admin'r). 1768. Guy Carleton. (e) 1828. Sir James Kempt (Admin'r). 1770. Lt.-Gov. -
Soldier Illness and Environment in the War of 1812
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library Spring 5-8-2020 "The Men Were Sick of the Place" : Soldier Illness and Environment in the War of 1812 Joseph R. Miller University of Maine, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Canadian History Commons, Military History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Miller, Joseph R., ""The Men Were Sick of the Place" : Soldier Illness and Environment in the War of 1812" (2020). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3208. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/3208 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “THE MEN WERE SICK OF THE PLACE”: SOLDIER ILLNESS AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE WAR OF 1812 By Joseph R. Miller B.A. North Georgia University, 2003 M.A. University of Maine, 2012 A DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (in History) The Graduate School The University of Maine May 2020 Advisory Committee: Scott W. See, Professor Emeritus of History, Co-advisor Jacques Ferland, Associate Professor of History, Co-advisor Liam Riordan, Professor of History Kathryn Shively, Associate Professor of History, Virginia Commonwealth University James Campbell, Professor of Joint, Air War College, Brigadier General (ret) Michael Robbins, Associate Research Professor of Psychology Copyright 2020 Joseph R. -
Coldwater Indian Band: Preliminary Ethnographic and Historic Overview and Traditional Use Study
Hearing Order OH-001-2014 Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC Application for the Trans Mountain Expansion Project Coldwater Indian Band: Preliminary Ethnographic and Historic Overview and Traditional Use Study Submitted to Coldwater Indian Band 26 May 2015 Prepared by Inglis Consulting Coldwater Indian Band: Preliminary Ethnographic and Historic Overview and Traditional Use Study Executive Summary The Coldwater Indian Band commissioned this Report, Preliminary Ethnographic and Historic Overview and Traditional Use Study, for submission to the National Energy Board pursuant to Hearing Order OH-001-2014 as part of their response to the proposed Trans Mountain Expansion Project. This Report is preliminary and should not be considered as definitive nor as representing all the information on the occupation and traditional uses of the Nicola Valley region, including the tributary valleys, by the Coldwater Indian Band or their ancestors. Further research would undoubtedly uncover more information, and further analysis would lead to enhanced interpretations. The following conclusions and opinions relating to Coldwater Nlaka’pamux history, use and occupation of the Nicola Valley region and Nlaka’pamux territory are made from the research to date: The Coldwater are identified in the anthropological literature and in the Indian Affairs records as a division of the Nicola branch of the Nlka’pamux (Thompson). The territory of the Nicola Thompson is centred on the Nicola Valley and the surrounding tributary valleys. The earliest known inhabitants of the eastern end of Nicola Valley and the upper Similkameen River were a group identified by anthropologists as the Nicola Athapaskans. There is some evidence that they may be descended from Chilcotins who settled in the area prior to contact with whites. -
Historical Profile of the Great Slave Lake Area's Mixed European-Indian Ancestry Community
Historical Profile of the Great Slave Lake Area’s Mixed European-Indian Ancestry Community by Gwynneth Jones Research and & Aboriginal Law and Statistics Division Strategic Policy Group The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Justice Canada. i Table of Contents Abstract ii Author’s Biography iii I. Executive Summary iv II. Methodology/Introduction vi III. Narrative A. First Contact at Great Slave Lake, 1715 - 1800 1 B. Mixed-Ancestry Families in the Great Slave Lake Region to 1800 12 C. Fur Trade Post Life at 1800 19 D. Development of the Fur Trade and the First Mixed-Ancestry Generation, 1800 - 1820 25 E. Merger of the Fur Trade Companies and Changes in the Great Slave Lake Population, 1820 - 1830 37 F. Fur Trade Monopoly and the Arrival of the Missionaries, 1830 - 1890 62 G. Treaty, Traders and Gold, 1890 - 1900 88 H. Increased Presence and Regulations by Persons not of Indian/ Inuit/Mixed-Ancestry Descent, 1905 - 1950 102 IV. Discussion/Summary 119 V. Suggestions for Future Research 129 VI. References VII. Appendices Appendix A: Extracts of Selected Entries in Oblate Birth, Marriage and Death Registers Appendix B: Métis Scrip -- ArchiviaNet (Summaries of Genealogical Information on Métis Scrip Applications) VIII. Key Documents and Document Index (bound separately) Abstract With the Supreme Court of Canada decision in R. v. Powley [2003] 2 S.C.R., Métis were recognized as having an Aboriginal right to hunt for food as recognized under section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982. -
Notes on Metis Culture and History Lawrence J. Barkwell
Notes on Metis Culture and History Lawrence J. Barkwell Revised January 2015 Preface The history of Metis National identity spans over 300 years. Metis culture is an oral culture, the Michif library is the stories and recollections of our Elders. The Metis hunters of the plains were also a horse culture like the Dakota and Nakota. In our schools and universities the mainstream version of Metis history is taught. The Metis oral history versions are not taught. Until very recently there were no text books dedicated to Metis culture. Therefore we have produced two resource books. • Barkwell, Lawrence J., Leah Dorion and Darren R. Préfontaine. Metis Legacy: A Metis Historiography and Annotated Bibliography. Saskatoon, Gabriel Dumont Institute; Winnipeg: Pemmican Publications and Louis Riel Institute, 2001. • Barkwell, Lawrence J., Leah M. Dorion and Audreen Hourie. Metis Legacy, Volume Two: Michif Culture, Heritage and Folkways. Saskatoon, Gabriel Dumont Institute, Winnipeg: Pemmican Publications, 2007. To this day there is only one University level set of courses teaching the Michif language The apex of Metis statesmanship and governance was achieved July 24, 1870 when the Legislative Assembly of Assiniboia voted to join Canada. Manitoba is the only province brought into Confederation by Aboriginal people—the Metis. The Metis were a people with their own Bill of Rights, their own flag, their own anthem and their own language long before Canada was a nation. • A nation with its own Bill of Rights (1849) In 1849, Alexander Isbister presented the first list of Metis rights to the Colonial Office in London. In 1869 Riel presented a list of rights to Canada.