L'autre Goût Des Vins

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L'autre Goût Des Vins L’AUTRE GOÛT DES VINS Sous la direction d’André Deyrieux avec la collaboration de Jean Rosen, Henri Galinié et de Philippe Meyer, Jean-Luc Etievent Denis Wénisch, Marc Basile Catherine et Hervé Bourdon Yves Legrand, Bruno Quenioux Jacky Rigaux, Olivier Yobrégat Création graphique de la couverture et des pages intérieures : Atelier Marge Design — Ouvrage composé en Corneille et en Farnham. © Dunod, 2016 11 rue Paul Bert, 92240 Malakoff www.dunod.com isbn 978-2-10-074854-9 AU FORMOL, PRÉFÉRONS LE BRAUCOL PAR DOMINIQUE HUTIN Chroniqueur vin de l’émission « On va déguster », France Inter. au loin résonne la litanie des croque- ment homonymes, certains ont voulu couper les morts. Des couplets qu’aucune crête ne dis- branches de ces mauvais fils. Des cépages « de tingue du refrain. « Merlot chardonnay cabernet / peu », maudits ou simplement de petits riens Merlot chardonnay cabernet / Merlot chardonnay qu’aucune estampille « cépage améliorateur » ou cabernet ». Une mélopée monotone qui parcourt « recommandé » ne venait protéger. Ils s’appellent le vignoble, se répand de vallées en coteaux, teint genouillet, noir fleurien, mècle de Bourgoin mais de gris chaque relief de la place du village, avant pourraient se nommer tigre de Sibérie, rhinocé- de s’effilocher, ouf !, terrassée par les rimes en ros de Sumatra ou gypaète barbu. tchin qui fusent d’un café. Qu’importe que ces antres de résistance soient des bars à vin, vignes HOMO VINIFERA conservatoires ou pépinières, leurs ouailles sont En face, vignerons, sommeliers, chercheurs, am- de vilains croyants qui entrent en dévotion à pélographes, journalistes parfois, œnophiles tou- grandes rasades de verdesse dès qu’on leur lance jours, recoupent leurs sources, mutualisent leurs « vin de messe » et réduisent à l’état de sècheresse efforts pour « la connaissance, la reconnaissance, un plein bénitier de roublot, pour peu que couine la promotion, la mise en valeur culturelle des le bedeau. cépages “modestes”, des vins qui en sont issus, Des multiples ramifications de l’arbre généa- des vignerons qui les produisent et des terroirs logique des cépages, aux ancêtres sylvestres, qui les abritent ». Ainsi se raconte l’action de ces quelquefois consanguines, d’autres fois simple- tirailleurs qui s’emploient à perpétuer toutes les 6 À LA RENCONTRE DES CÉPAGES MODESTES & OUBLIÉS colorations du vino esperanto quand les modèles « MODESTE », ÇA SE MÉRITE ! agronomiques arasent, élaguent. De dangereux Comme le cépage devenu « international », qui activistes qui se piquent ici de créer un centre donne le pire de lui-même lorsqu’il est transplanté d’ampélographie, là de réintroduire en Savoie au loin de son terroir de cœur, les « rare », « oublié » la mondeuse blanche, à partir de deux pieds ex- ou « autochtone » qui sonnent si bien à l’oreille ne filtrés du conservatoire de Vassal-Montpellier. sont pas forcément porteurs d’une promesse qua- Cette modeste page n’a pas vocation à voler la litative. Même sous couvert de diversité génétique, vedette à celles qui vont s’ouvrir à sa suite, riches tous n’auront pas droit au « Entre ici, vitis vinifera » qu’elles sont de disparition, résurrection, pré- pour rejoindre le Panthéon du patrimoine végétal. servation, bref du sel de la vie, résumé en « bio- Disons-le, small is beautiful ne suffit pas pour diversité ». Mais les hommes qui les ont garnies maintenir dans le paysage des raisins de basse valent bien quelques lignes car, sans ces remparts extraction, des étalons calibrés pour faire pisser modestement encagoulés en hardis gosiers, trô- la vigne en rendements à trois chiffres. La société nerait en chaque vignoble un triste phare, comme ayant revu son rapport à l’alcool, le vin de labeur éteint, un monument fade. Un sanctuaire du deuil a disparu. On se met en quête du goulot avec la à plaque de marbre pleurant dans le vide « À nos « qualité » en bandoulière. Alors on sélectionne en cépages oubliés » et égrenant en lettres lapidaires « massal » plutôt qu’en « clonal », on redécouvre le nom de ceux des cépages qui avaient peuplé les vertus de la tête qui dépasse, on replante les rangs mais n’avaient plus l’heur de plaire à même parfois « en foule », on s’aperçoit que même l’époque. membre d’une même famille, chaque individu par son caractère propre enrichit l’ensemble. PAS DE MISÉRABILISME Bien sûr, en matière de grappe, tout n’est pas égal. SANS MISÉRABILISME La désolation semée par le phylloxera, avec la Agriculture et industrie au tapis, la civilisation chimie et le productivisme dans son sillage, au- du loisir, l’ère des rtt, ont pris le relais, nous ront peut-être été la source d’un reset salutaire. invitant à flâner dans cet univers sensible où l’on Sus aux variétés chiches, mort aux teinturiers, se prend à rêver de ce que Prévert aurait fait du haro sur les hybrides. Dès 1927, dans Les Vins petit verdot, Boudard du cornichon blanc et Pérec de France, Paul de Cassagnac laisse penser que du hiboux rouge. « c’est de l’aramon » était déjà devenu un gros mot. Laissons alors le revanchard « c’était mieux avant » Sauf que. Au fil des décennies, sous ces allures aux aboyeurs franchouillards et envisageons de grand ménage, la mosaïque de cépages s’est « préserver », comme seule concession au passé muée en une grande dalle uniforme. Au point pour « planter » au présent et « penser » au futur. que trois cépages phagocytent le monde viticole Sauf à être équipé d’œillères gustatives et d’un quand la réédition en 2015 du Dictionnaire ency- cœur de banquier, avec « merlot chardonnay ca- clopédique des cépages de Pierre Galet est lourde de bernet » pour seule perspective, le buveur s’étiole, 9 600 variétés. Avec suffisamment de méandres se déshydrate et sèche sur pied. pour emporter l’adhésion du buveur d’étiquette en quête de frisson exotique. À la vôtre ! À LA RENCONTRE DES CÉPAGES MODESTES & OUBLIÉS 7 ÉCLAIRAGES LIMINAIRES 10 AU FORMOL, LA NAISSANCE CÉPAGES MODESTES PRÉFÉRONS DES RENCONTRES ET DÉGUSTATION LE BRAUCOL DES CÉPAGES GÉO-SENSORIELLE Préface de Dominique Hutin MODESTES par Jacky Rigaux 06 par Philippe Meyer 37 21 AVERTISSEMENT LE CAVISTE ET LES AU BUVEUR CURIEUX ÉLÉMENTS CÉPAGES MODESTES par André Deyrieux D’AMPÉLOGRAPHIE par Yves Legrand & Jean Rosen par André Deyrieux 39 17 23 LES CÉPAGES TERROIR ET CÉPAGE LES CONSERVATOIRES MODESTES par Bruno Quenioux DE VIGNE EN FRANCE AU RESTAURANT 18 par Olivier Yobrégat par Catherine 30 & Hervé Bourdon DE LA MODESTIE 42 AMPÉLOGRAPHIQUE DISPARITION ET par Jean Rosen RENAISSANCES DES LES NOMS DE CÉPAGES 20 CÉPAGES RARES par André Deyrieux par André Deyrieux & Henri Galinié 35 43 LES CÉPAGES MODESTES & OUBLIÉS 48 A C E M P Abouriou Castets & mancin Enfariné Mollard P(e)loussard 50 85 123 158 ou poulsard Aligoté doré Cépages rares Étraire de l’Aduï Mondeuse 189 53 à Châteauneuf- 127 blanche Prunelard Altesse du-Pape 161 192 88 56 F Mondeuse grise R Aramon César Fer servadou 164 91 130 Ribeyrenc 60 Mondeuse noire & œillade Arbane & Chatus Fié gris 165 195 petit meslier 95 133 Mornen Romorantin 62 Cinsaut 167 G 202 Aubun 98 Clairette du Genouillet N 65 S Languedoc 137 Négrette Savagnin rosé B 103 Gouais 170 206 Beurot, Complantation & 140 pinot gris vignoble alsacien Grolleau O Sylvaner 209 68 106 144 Orbois Brachet Corbeau 173 T 71 110 L P Terret Corse Loin de l’œil 213 147 Persan C 113 178 Tibouren Camaraou Counoise arrouya & M Petit verdot 215 116 erremaxaoua Mailhol 180 Tressallier 72 D 149 Pineau d’Aunis 217 Carignan Manseng noir 183 Dureza 76 151 Piquepoul Bibliographie 120 224 Carmenère Mauzac, ondenc, 187 80 duras... Les auteurs 155 de cet ouvrage 226 OUNT ES LOU TEMS PASSAT QUAND, AM MA CARIGNANO, PINTAVI TOUT LOU JOUR ! » « OÙ EST-IL, LE TEMPS PASSÉ ? QUAND AVEC MON CARIGNAN JE PEIGNAIS TOUTE LA JOURNÉE ! Jean Laurès, poète du Félibrige, 1822-1902 10 À LA RENCONTRE DES CÉPAGES MODESTES & OUBLIÉS LE CÉPAGE EST LE PRÉNOM, LE TERROIR EST LE NOM DE FAMILLE. Léonard Humbrecht LA JIO GOUNFLO L’ALICANT, LOU RIRO ESPETO LA COUNOISO, DINS LA CLARETO E LOU BLANCAN MOUSTEJON LI CANSOUN GALOISO. LA JOIE GONFLE L’ALICANTE LE RIRE ÉCLATE LA COUNOISE DANS LA CLAIRETTE ET LE BLANCAN FOISONNENT LES CHANSONS JOVIALES... Anselme Mathieu, poète du Félibrige, 1828-1895 16 À LA RENCONTRE DES CÉPAGES MODESTES & OUBLIÉS AVERTISSEMENT AU BUVEUR CURIEUX PAR ANDRÉ DEYRIEUX & JEAN ROSEN ami buveur, merci d’avoir choisi de ve- un petit groupe de membres de notre association nir promener ta curiosité hors des sentiers Rencontres des cépages modestes, au sein de la- battus pour découvrir Les autres goûts du vin. quelle chaque adhérent est désigné par le nom On le sait encore trop peu : sur les 9 600 cépages du cépage qu’il a choisi de défendre. Chacun, à recensés dans le monde par l’ampélographe sa manière, a utilisé diverses sources bibliogra- Pierre Galet, on compte 267 cépages de raisin de phiques, anciennes ou plus récentes, dont la plu- cuve autorisés en France – sans compter ceux qui part sont disponibles en ligne ou en bibliothèque. n’ont pas obtenu d’autorisation – dont seulement On en trouvera une liste sommaire à la fin de cet dix représentent à eux seuls plus de 70 % de la ouvrage. Chaque fiche est complétée par une ru- surface plantée en vignes et sont à l’origine de brique qui s’intitule « le vigneron ». 80 % des vins produits dans notre pays. Nous avons choisi de faire parrainer ces cinquante Il existe donc en France des centaines d’autres élus par des vignerons qui les cultivent, souvent cépages, parfois baptisés autochtones, rares, par passion et par attachement à la biodiversité oubliés, et que nous avons choisi de qualifier et à leur patrimoine régional, tout simplement de « modestes ».
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