Planes, Regions, and Quadrants • – Shape and structures of an organism’s body and the relationship of one body part to another •Physiology – Function of each body part and how the functions of the various body parts coordinate to form a complete living organism

 In Anatomical Position, the body is assumed to be standing, the feet together, the to the side, and the head and eyes and palms of the hands facing forwards.

 Anterior or ventral – Front or in front of  Posterior or dorsal – Back or in back of  Cranial and caudal – Refer to direction of either toward the “head end” or “tail end”  Superior and inferior – Above or below another  Medial and lateral – Toward the midline or away from the midline  Proximal and distal – Toward or away from the point of attachment or origin  Superficial or external – On or near the surface or deep (internal)  Sagittal plane – Right and left parts  Midsagittal plane – Equal right and left parts  Coronal (frontal) plane – Vertical at right angles to the sagittal plane  Transverse or cross section – Horizontal; divides body into upper and lower parts

 Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) - One of the four quadrants that the abdominopelvic area can be divided into. Located in the left upper portion of the it includes a view of the , , the left , and parts of the , , left , , and transverse and decending colon.

 Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) - One of the four quadrants that the abdominopelvic area can be divided into. Located in the left lower portion of the abdominopelvic area and provides partial views of the small intestine, descending and sigmoid colon, , left ureter, and .

 Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) - One of the four quadrants that the abdominopelvic area can be divided into. Located in the right lower portion of the abdominopelvic area and includes a view of the , cecum, and partial views of the ascending colon, small intestine, right ureter, urinary bladder, and rectum.

 Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) - One of the four quadrants that the abdominopelvic area can be divided into. Located in the right upper portion of the abdomen it provides a view of the , most of the , and partial views of the pancreas, small intestine, and ascending and .

 Dorsal cavity – Brain and – Cranial cavity – Spinal cavity  Thoracic cavity  Abdominopelvic cavity – –  Epigastric region (upper) – Just below  Right and left hypochondriac – Just below  Umbilical (middle) – Located around the  Right and left lumbar – Extend from anterior to posterior  Hypogastric (lower) – Pubic area  Right and left iliac – Also called right and left inguinal areas  Do you know what the  ant abbreviations on the  AP right stand for? Use  inf  med Lesson 2, p. 42, of the  lat “Basic Medical  post Language” pdf  PA textbook to find out!  sup  RUQ  LUQ  RLQ  LLQ anterior (ant) dorsad posterolateral anterolateral dorsal posterosuperior anteromedial dorsocephalad proximal anteroposterior (AP) inferior (inf) superior (sup) anterosuperior inferolateral superolateral caudad lateral (lat) ventrad caudal mediad ventral cephalad medial (med) ventrodorsal cephalic mediolateral cephalocaudad posterior (post) distal posteroanterior (PA)

Anatomic Planes Abdominopelvic Regions coronal plane epigastric region frontal plane hypochondriac regions sagittal plane hypogastric region transverse plane iliac regions lumbar regions umbilical region

Flash cards will really help you to learn the abbreviations and terms in the Body Systems course. 3x5 index cards work the best! Have fun