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Pages-From-A-Z-Of-Surface-Anatomy-Excerpts-With-WM.Pdf The A to Z of Surface Anatomy Table of contents Introduction 1 Acknowledgement 1 Dedication 1 How to use this Book 2 Table of Contents 3 Abbreviations 7 Common Terms used in Surface Anatomy 9 Anatomical Planes and Relations 18 Movements – general copyrightUpper limb & shoulder 20 Head, Neck & Back 22 Lower limb and Hip 24 Foot and Hand 25 Hand Grips 26 Dr Measurements 28 Proportions and forms of human measurement 30 Human face proportions 32 Human body proportions 34 Vitruvian Man 36 (Symbol of proportionality & derivative of measurements) IndexA of Surface Anatomy Abdomen see also Aorta, Trunk dermatomes 38 bones + muscles 40 alimentary - GIT 42 non-alimentary Neill- / liver / pancreas / spleen 44 regions 46 scars - from incisions 48 Adam’s apple = Thyroid cartilage see Thyroid Adrenals see Back, Trunk Anatomical snuff box see Thumb Ankle see also Foot 50 Anus see Perineum Aorta 52 Appendix see Abdomen GIT Arm see also Axilla, Forearm, Shoulder 54 Axilla see also Breast bones , muscles boundaries 56 lymph nodes 58 © A. L. Neill 3 The A to Z of Surface Anatomy Back lower 60 upper see Chest Belly see Abdomen Belly button see Abdomen Bladder see Kidneys, Pelvis, Uterus Breast see also Axilla arterial 62 lymphatic & venous 63 Buttock see Gluteum Caecum see Abdomen GIT Carpal tunnelcopyright see Hand Chest Wall see also Abdomen, Lungs great vessels 64 heart 65 heart valves sounds 66 incision or marks = scars 67 Drlungs & pleura 68 Cubital Fossa 72 Diaphragm + assoc structures see also Oesophagus 74 Duodenum see Abdomen GIT Kidneys Ear 76 Elbow see arm, cubital fossa, forearm Eye A 78 Face arteries 82 bones see also TMJ 88 Facial N 90 muscles Neill 92 veins 94 Femoral triangle contents & borders 96 muscles & bones 98 Finger see Hand Flexor Retinaculum see Hand Foot dorsum bones 100 tendons 102 sole fascia / muscle layers 104 bones / dermatomes 109 Forearm bones 112 muscles 114 4 © A. L. Neill The A to Z of Surface Anatomy Gall Bladder see Abdomen GIT, Diaphragm Genitalia – female 120 male see Penis Testis Gluteum / Gluteal region bones 122 muscles / Sciatic N 124 Hand see also grips bones 126 dorsum extensors 128 palm copyrightfeatures 130 flexors 132 flexor retinaculum 134 thenar/ hypothenar eminences 136 Head see Face, Neck, Temporomandibular joint Heart see also Chest, Oesophagus 138 DrHip see also Gluteum 140 Hyoid see Neck, Thyroid Inguinal nodes superficial 142 Kidneys see also Back 144 Knee see also lower leg, popliteal fossa, Thigh 146 Large Intestine see Abdomen GIT 148 Leg / ALower leg muscles and bones 150 Liver see Abdomen non-GIT, Diaphragm Lungs see also Abdomen, Chest 156 Lymph nodes see Axilla,Neill Breast, Inguinal, Mouth, Neck Mouth salivary glands 158 tonsil & uvula 160 Nail 162 Neck BVs & access points 164 LNs and veins 166 submandibular regions 168 triangles 170 Nipples see Breast Nose 174 Oesophagus 184 Ovaries see Pelvis, Uterus Pancreas see Abdomen non-GIT, Kidneys Pelvis see Genitalia, Perineum, Uterus also specific organs listed © A. L. Neill 5 The A to Z of Surface Anatomy Penis 186 Perineum see also Genitalia 188 Phrenic N see Oesophagus Pleura see Chest, Lungs Popliteal fossa 192 Rectum see Abdomen GIT, Pelvis, Perineum, Sigmoid colon Salivary Glands see Head, Mouth, Neck Sciatic N see also Gluteum 194 Scrotum see Femoral Triangle, Penis, Testis Shoulder bones copyright 196 BVs & Ns 198 muscles 200 Sigmoid Colon see Abdomen GIT, Large Intestine Sinuses 206 Small Intestine see Abdomen GIT DrSpleen see also Abdomen, Back, Diaphragm 208 Stomach see also Abdomen 210 Teeth see Face, Mouth, TMJ A to Z of the Head & Neck for complete map Temporomandibular Joint 214 Testis/Testes see also Femoral Triangle, Penis, Scrotum Perineum 216 Thigh see alsoA Femoral Triangle, Hip & Knee 218 muscle Throat see Mouth Thumb 220 Thymus see also OesophagusNeill 222 Thyroid see also Neck 222 Tongue see also Mouth 224 Tonsil see Mouth, Tongue Trachea see also Neck 228 Trunk see Abdomen, Back Umbilicus see Abdomen Ureter see Kidneys Uterus see also Pelvis 230 Uvula see Mouth, Tongue Vagina see Pelvis, Perineum Vagus N see Oesophagus Womb see uterus Wrist see also Hand & grips 232 6 © A. L. Neill The A to Z of Surface Anatomy Abbreviations A = atrium, (pl atria) / actions CVA = cerebrovascular accident / movements of a joint = stroke a = artery defn = definition abdo = abdomen / abdominal diff. = difference(s) ACF = anterior cranial fossa dist. = distal adj. = adjective DM = dura mater AIIS = anterior inferior iliac spine DVT = deep vein thrombosis aka = also known as EAM = external auditory meatus alt. = alternative e.g. = example AM = arachnoid mater EC = extracellular (outside the cell) ANScopyright = autonomic nervous system ECG = electrocardiogram ant = anterior ED = extensor digitorum art. = artery ER = Extensor Retinaculum AS = Alternative Spelling, generally FDP = Flexor digitorum porofundus referring to the diff. b/n British FDS = Flexor digitorum superficialis & American spelling FPB = Flexor pollicus brevis DrASIS = anterior superior iliac spine FPL = Flexor pollicus longus assoc.= associated with FR = Flexor Retinaculum AV = atrioventricular Gk. = Greek B = blood H = hormone(s) BBB = blood brain barrier H = hypochondrium bc = because HB = heart beat BF A= blood flow HF = heart failure BM = basement membrane HR = heart rate b/n = between HS = heart sounds BP = brachial plexus IC = intercostal bpm = beats per minute IC = intercarpal br = branch (of a vessel)Neill ICS = intercostal space BS = blood supply / blood stream IP = interphalangeal BV = blood vessel(s) Ix = investigation cap. = capillary IVC = inferior vena cava c.f. = compared to jt(s) = joints = articulations C = carpal L = left C = cervical L = lumbar CC = costal border LA = Left Atrium CC = costal cartilage lat. = lateral CH = cerebral hemispheres LH = left hypochondrium cm = cell membrane LL = lower limb CNS = central nervous system LIF = left iliac fossa collat. = collateral lig = ligament CP = cervical plexus Lt. = Latin Cr = cranial m = muscle CSF = Cerebrospinal fluid MC = metacarpal CT = connective tissue MCF = middle cranial fossa © A. L. Neill 7 The A to Z of Surface Anatomy MCL = mid clavicular line SVC = superior vena cava MCP = metacarpophalangeal SyNS = sympathetic nervous system med. = medial T = thoracic MI = myocardial infarction TMJ = temporomandibular joint MIP = midinguinal point UL = upper limb, arm MT = metatarsal V = vertebra N = nerve V = ventricle NAD = normal (size, shape) VC = vertebral column NAD = no abnormality detected WM = white matter NR = nerve root w/n = within NS = nervouscopyright system/nerve supply w/o = without NT = nervous tissue wrt = with respect to nv = neurovascular bundle & = and P = pressure ∩ = intersection with PAD = peripheral artery disease PaNS = parasympathetic nervous Dr system Ph = phalanges PIIS = posterior inferior iliac spine pl. = plural PM = pia mater PN = peripheral nerve post. = posteriorA proc. = process prox. = proximal PS = pubic symphysis PSIS = posterior superior iliac spine R = right Neill RA = right atrium RH = right hypochondrium RIF = Right Iliac Fossa S = sacral S1 = first heart sound S2 = second heart sound SA = sinoatrial SCM = sternocleidomastoid muscle sing. = singular SC = spinal cord SN = spinal nerve SP = spinal process SR = sarcoplasmic reticulum subcut. = subcutaneous supf = superficial 8 © A. L. Neill The A to Z of Surface Anatomy A Abdominal Wall GIT projection Anterior view of the abdomen showing the GIT projected. 1 Xiphisternum 2 oesophagus - enters the abdomen at T10, L of the midline 3 spleen 4 funduscopyright of the stomach – stomach fills the epigastric region, varies in size partially covered by the ribcage 5 costochondral border 6 pyloris antrum [ to pyloric sphincter Dr7 duodenum - first part - begins R of midline below transpyloric plane near hepatic flexure of LI 8 descending duodenum - second part 9 horizontal duodenum - third part 10 duodenojejenalA flexure - midline T12 subcostal plane 11 terminal ileum - in RIF 12 appendix - 2/3 of line from ASIS to umbilicus 13 caecum - RIF closelyNeill assoc with appendix 14 ascending colon - retroperitoneal structure 15 transverse colon - attached to mesentery 16 splenic flexure 17 descending colon - retroperitoneal structure 18 sigmoid colon - attached to mesentery 19 iliac tubercle 20 ASIS 42 © A. L. Neill The A to Z of Surface Anatomy copyright1 2 3 4 Dr 5 7 6 10 16 8 9 A14 17 15 Neill 19 11 13 18 20 12 © A. L. Neill 43 The A to Z of Surface Anatomy A Abdominal Wall non Alimentary structures projection Anterior view of the abdomen showing the liver, pancreas & spleen. 1 liver - fills the RH across to the epigastrium & above the CC to 4th ICS 2 gall bladder - MCL ∩ with the CC 3 spleencopyright - post wall ribs 9-11 4 pancreas - body - stomach fills the epigastric region, varies in size partially covered by the ribcage 5 pancreas - tail - lodges in the hilum of the spleen Dr6 pancreas - head - lodges in the “C” of the duodenum 7 duodenum - 8 aortic bifurcation - ant. at the umbilicus - post. L4 9 IVC - midline to the R of the aorta - L5 10 external iliac artery - superior to inguinal lig at the AMIP 11 femoral artery - inf to the inguinal lig 12 inguinal ligament 13 ASIS Neill 14 iliac tubercle 44 © A. L. Neill The A to Z of Surface Anatomy copyright1 3 5 Dr 2 4 6 7 A 8 9 Neill 14 13 12 10 11 © A. L. Neill 45 The A to Z of Surface Anatomy A Abdominal Wall Regions Anterior view of the abdomen showing regions. There are several ways to describe the regions of the Abdomen. This commonly used schema divides the abdomen
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