DOCSLIB.ORG

Elbow Checklist

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Elbow Checklist Workbook Musculoskeletal Ultrasound September 26, 2013 Shoulder Checklist Long biceps tendon Patient position: Facing the examiner Shoulder in slight medial rotation; elbow in flexion and supination Plane/ region: Transverse (axial): from a) intraarticular portion to b) myotendinous junction (at level of the pectoralis major tendon). What you will see: Long head of the biceps tendon Supraspinatus tendon Transverse humeral ligament Subscapularis tendon Lesser tuberosity Greater tuberosity Short head of the biceps Long head of the biceps (musculotendinous junction) Humeral shaft Pectoralis major tendon Plane/ region: Logitudinal (sagittal): What you will see: Long head of biceps; fibrillar structure Lesser tuberosity Long head of the biceps tendon Notes: Subscapularis muscle and tendon Patient position: Facing the examiner Shoulder in lateral rotation; elbow in flexion/ supination Plane/ region: longitudinal (axial): full vertical width of tendon. What you will see: Subscapularis muscle, tendon, and insertion Supraspinatus tendon Coracoid process Deltoid Greater tuberosity Lesser tuberosity Notes: Do passive medial/ lateral rotation while examining Plane/ region: Transverse (sagittal): What you will see: Lesser tuberosity Fascicles of subscapularis tendon Supraspinatus tendon Patient position: Lateral to examiner Shoulder in extension and medial rotation Hand on ipsilateral buttock Plane/ region: Longitudinal (oblique sagittal) Identify the intra-articular portion of biceps LH in the transverse plane; then rotate probe until biceps LH is elongated. Supraspinatus is found by sliding laterally. What you will see: Acromion Myotendinous junction of supraspinatus Deltoid Greater tuberosity Articular cartilage Long head of the biceps tendon Supraspinatus tendon Infraspinatus tendon Subacromial subdeltoid bursa Notes: Plane/ region: Transverse (oblique axial): What you will see: Deltoid Greater tuberosity Articular cartilage Long head of the biceps tendon Supraspinatus tendon Infraspinatus tendon Subacromial subdeltoid bursa Infraspinatus and teres minor muscles and tendons Patient position: Anterior/ lateral to examiner Shoulder medial rotation Hand on opposite thigh Plane/ region: Transverse (oblique sagittal) – two locations: Over muscles; perpendicular to spine of scapula Over tendons; just lateral to acromion What you will see: Spine of scapula Deltoid Infraspinatus muscle and tendon (a more lateral position) Teres minor muscle and tendon Greater tuberosity Notes: Posterior glenohumeral structures Patient position: Anterior/ lateral to examiner Shoulder medial rotation Hand on opposite thigh Plane/ region: Longitudinal (axial) – 2 positions; 2nd more lateral What you will see: Spinoglenoid notch Bony glenoid Humeral head Infraspinatus and teres minor tendons (longitudinally) Posterior labrum Elbow Checklist Anterior Elbow Patient position: Facing the examiner Elbow in extension - over table Plane/ region: Transverse (axial): from 5cm above joint to the joint line What you will see: Biceps (superficial) Brachialis (deep; tendon forms laterally within muscle belly) Brachial artery (medial to biceps) Median nerve (medial to artery) Articular cartilage of trochlea and capitellum Pronator and brachioradialis muscles bounding the cubital fossa Notes: Note the decreasing size of biceps muscle and increasing thickness of the brachialis tendon as you slide distally. Distal Biceps and Brachialis Insertions Patient position: Facing the examiner Maximal supination Plane/ region: Longitudinal (sagittal) What you will see: Brachial artery Biceps tendon – passing in front supinator on the way to insertion Distal brachialis muscle and tendon Coronoid fossa Fat pads in radial and coronoid fossae Brachialis Capitellum and trochlea(articular cartilage) Radial head + annular ligament Supinator Notes: Biceps tendon curves distally and posteriorly. Apply pressure and tilt to get probe parallel to tendon Brachialis is; only a short tendon Lateral Patient position: Facing the examiner Full extension or 90 degrees flexion Palms together Thumbs up Plane/ region: Longitudinal (coronal) – proximal end at lateral epicondyle What you will see: Brachioradialis insertion Common extensor tendon (posterior to brachioradialis) Lateral synovial fringe Lateral epicondyle Radial head Plane/ region: Transverse (axial) What you will see: Common tendon origin Notes: Radiocapitellar Joint Patient position: Facing the examiner Full extension (transverse) or 90 degrees flexion (longitudinal) Plane/ region: Longitudinal (coronal) – proximal end at lateral epicondyle What you will see: Common extensor tendon Lateral synovial fringe Lateral epicondyle Radial head (note cartilage) Plane/ region: Transverse (axial) What you will see: Annular ligament Radial head (note cartilage) Radial shaft Supinator Notes: Dynamic scanning during passive pronation/ supination Medial Elbow Patient position: Facing the examiner Full extension and supination External rotation at shoulder and 90 degrees flexion at elbow (for medial collateral ligament) Plane/ region: Longitudinal (coronal) – proximal end at medial epicondyle What you will see: Common flexor tendon (thinner and shorter than extensor tendon) Medial epicondyle Ulna Anterior part of medial collateral ligament Notes: Dynamic scanning with valgus stress for medial collateral ligament Posterior Elbow – Triceps Patient position: Examiner standing behind patient Full (forced) pronation with 90 degrees flexion Plane/ region: Longitudinal (sagittal) proximal to olecranon and posterior to elbow and olecranon process What you will see: Olecranon Posterior olecranon recess (fluid more visible at 45 degrees) Fat pad in olecranon fossa Triceps muscle Triceps tendon Olecranon bursa Notes: Use only light pressure for olecranon bursa Cubital Tunnel and Ulnar Nerve Patient position: Examiner standing behind patient Full pronation with extension 90 degrees flexion at elbow Plane/ region: Transverse (axial); medial to olecranon and posterior to elbow What you will see: Olecranon process Medial epicondyle Cubital tunnel retinaculum Ulnar nerve (rotate probe to longitudinal once you see the nerve) Notes: Wrist/ Hand Checklist Dorsal Wrist: 1st Extensor Compartment Patient position: Sitting; mid-pronation with thumb up Plane/ region: Transverse (axial) anterior to radial styloid and 2cm proximal/ distal to it What you will see: Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Radial artery Cephalic vein Notes: If having difficulties locating compartment, start by finding artery Dorsal Wrist: 2nd Extensor Compartment Patient position: Sitting; full pronation Plane/ region: Transverse (axial) over dorsal radius laterally and 2cm proximal to it What you will see: Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis tendons; diverging distally More cranially, the tendons from the 1st compartment (abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis) crossing ECRL and ECRB Notes: Use Lister’s tubercle as the medial landmark Dorsal Wrist: 3rd Extensor Compartment Patient position: Sitting; full pronation Plane/ region: Transverse (axial) over dorsal radius laterally What you will see: Extensor pollicis longus crossing the tendons from the 2nd compartment (more laterally the more distal) Extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus tendons Notes: Use Lister’s tubercle as a landmark in the middle of the screen Use the muscles from the 1st and 2nd compartments for reference Dorsal Wrist: 4th and 5th Extensor Compartment Patient position: Sitting; full pronation Plane/ region: Transverse (axial) over dorsal mid and medial radius What you will see: Extensor digitorum communis Extensor indicis proprius Extensor digiti minimi Articular cartilage of ulnar head Extensor pollicis longus cross the common extensor tendons a few cm proximally Notes: 4th compartment (extensor communicis) is distinct, hyperechoic 5th compartment (extensor digiti minimi ) is over the distal radioulnar joint Use Lister’s tubercle as a lateral landmark Scapholunate Ligament Patient position: Sitting; full pronation Hand in ulnar deviation Plane/ region: Oblique transverse (slightly lateral and distal) over dorsal lateral wrist. What you will see: Extensor digitorum communis Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi radialis brevis Notes: 4th compartment (extensor dig. communis) is superficial to lunate Add a longitudinal scan of scaphoid while doing ulnar and radial deviations Dorsal Wrist: 6th Extensor Compartment Patient position: Sitting; forearm extended back Hand in mid-pronation; ulnar side up Plane/ region: Transverse (axial) over distal/ dorsal ulna What you will see: Extensor carpi ulnaris tendon Styloid process of ulna Notes: Extend wrist to see extensor carpi ulnaris tendon lifts extensor retinaculum Distal Radioulnar Joint Patient position: Sitting; full pronation Plane/ region: Transverse (axial) over distal/ dorsal radius and ulna What you will see: Distal radioulnar joint line and recess 4th and 5th compartment tendons Ulnar head and neck Notes: Do short range pronations to identify joint relative to the stationary ulna Dorsal Radiocarpal and Mid-Carpal Joints Patient position: Sitting; full pronation and slight flexion Plane/ region: Longitudinal (sagittal) over a) Dorsal/ lateral radius to 1st metacarpal b) Dorsal/ medial radius to 3rd metacarpal c) Dorsal ulna to 5th metacarpal What you will see: All carpal bones except
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Femur Pelvis HIP JOINT Femoral Head in Acetabulum Acetabular
    Anatomy of the Hip Joint Overview The hip joint is one of the largest weight-bearing HIP JOINT joints in the body. This ball-and-socket joint allows the leg to move and rotate while keeping the body Femoral head in stable and balanced. Let's take a closer look at the acetabulum main parts of the hip joint's anatomy. Pelvis Bones Two bones meet at the hip joint, the femur and the pelvis. The femur, commonly called the "thighbone," is the longest and heaviest bone of the body. At the top of the femur, positioned on the femoral neck, is the femoral head. This is the "ball" of the hip joint. The other part of the joint – the Femur "socket" – is found in the pelvis. The pelvis is a bone made of three sections: the ilium, the ischium and the pubis. The socket is located where these three sections fuse. The proper name of the socket is the "acetabulum." The head of the femur fits tightly into this cup-shaped cavity. Articular Cartilage The femoral head and the acetabulum are covered Acetabular with a layer of articular cartilage. This tough, smooth tissue protects the bones. It allows them to labrum glide smoothly against each other as the ball moves in the socket. Soft Tissues Several soft tissue structures work together to hold the femoral head securely in place. The acetabulum is surrounded by a ring of cartilage called the "acetabular labrum." This deepens the socket and helps keep the ball from slipping out of alignment. It also acts as a shock absorber.
    [Show full text]
  • Brachium and Cubital Fossa
    Anatomy Guy Dissection Sheet 1/15/2012 Brachium and Cubital Fossa Dr. Craig Goodmurphy Anatomy Guy Major Dissection Objectives – Anterior Compartment 1. Maintain the superficial veins but work the fascia of the brachium off the anterior compartment noting the intermuscular septae 2. Clean and identify the three muscle of the anterior arm and their attachments 3. Mobilize the contents of the brachial fascia as it extends from the axillary fascia to the elbow noting the median, ulnar and medial brachial and medial antebrachial cutaneous nerves 4. Follow the musculocutaneous nerve as it passes through the coracobrachialis and between the biceps and brachialis noting motor branches and the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve Major Dissection Objectives – Cubital Fossa & Posterior Compartment 6. Mobilize the cubital fossa veins and review the boundaries 7. Clean the biceps tendon and reflect the aponeurosis 8. Locate the contents of the fossa including the bifurcation of the brachial artery, median nerve and floor muscles 9. Have a partner elevate the arm to dissect posteriorly and remove the skin and fascia 10. Locate the three heads of the triceps and their attachments 11. Locate the profunda brachii artery and radial nerve at the triangular interval and between the brachialis and brachioradialis muscles Eastern Virginia Medical School 1 Anatomy Guy Dissection Sheet 1/15/2012 Brachium and Cubital Fossa Pearls & Problems Don’t 1. Cut the biceps muscle just mobilize it Do 2. Follow the cords and tubes from known to unknown as you clean them Do 3. Remove the duplicated deep veins but save the unpaired superficial veins Do 4.
    [Show full text]
  • The Square Flap Technique for Burn Contractures: Clinical Experience and Analysis of Length Gain
    Annals of Burns and Fire Disasters - vol. XXXI - n. 4 - December 2018 THE SQUARE FLAP TECHNIQUE FOR BURN CONTRACTURES: CLINICAL EXPERIENCE AND ANALYSIS OF LENGTH GAIN DOUBLE LAMBEAU RHOMBOÏDE POUR BRIDE SÉQUELLAIRE DE BRÛ- LURE: EXPÉRIENCE PRATIQUE ET ANALYSE DE LA LONGUEUR GAGNÉE Hifny M.A. Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Qena University Hospital, South Valley University, Egypt SUMMARY. Post-burn contractures, affecting the joints especially, are demanding problems. Many surgical techniques have been designated for burn contracture release. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficiency of the square flap technique to release a post-burn scar contracture, and assess the post-operative length gain that can be achieved by simple mathematical calculation. In this study, sixteen patients with linear contracture bands were treated with the square flap tech- nique. The anatomical distribution of the contractures was: axilla, cubital fossa, flank, perineum and popliteal fossa. Scar maturity ranged from 4 months - 9 years. Square flap width and contracture band length before and immediately after surgery were recorded by simple mathematical calculation. Flap complication was assessed. Patient satisfaction was also assessed during the follow-up period. All square flaps were effective in lengthening the contracture bands. The length of the contracture that was released ranged from 2 to 6 cm. The gain in length provided with this technique ranged from 212 to 350%, average 247%, and adequate contracture release was achieved in all cases postoperatively. All square flaps healed uneventfully except for one (6%), which demonstrated limited epidermolysis that healed by secondary intention. The fol- low-up interval ranged from 6 months to 1.5 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Intramuscular Neural Distribution of the Sartorius Muscles: Treating Spasticity with Botulinum Neurotoxin
    Intramuscular Neural Distribution of the Sartorius Muscles: Treating Spasticity With Botulinum Neurotoxin Kyu-Ho Yi Yonsei University Ji-Hyun Lee Yonsei University Kyle Seo Modelo Clinic Hee-Jin Kim ( [email protected] ) Yonsei University Research Article Keywords: botulinum neurotoxin, spasticity, sartorius muscle, Sihler’s staining Posted Date: January 6th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-129928/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/14 Abstract This study aimed to detect the idyllic locations for botulinum neurotoxin injection by analyzing the intramuscular neural distributions of the sartorius muscles. A altered Sihler’s staining was conducted on sartorius muscles (15 specimens). The nerve entry points and intramuscular arborization areas were measured as a percentage of the total distance from the most prominent point of the anterior superior iliac spine (0%) to the medial femoral epicondyle (100%). Intramuscular neural distribution were densely detected at 20–40% and 60–80% for the sartorius muscles. The result suggests that the treatment of sartorius muscle spasticity requires botulinum neurotoxin injections in particular locations. These locations, corresponding to the locations of maximum arborization, are suggested as the most safest and effective points for botulinum neurotoxin injection. Introduction Spasticity is a main contributor to functional loss in patients with impaired central nervous system, such as in stroke, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and others 1. Sartorius muscle, as a hip and knee exor, is one of the commonly involved muscles, and long-lasting spasticity of the muscle results in abnormalities secondary to muscle hyperactivity, affecting lower levels of functions, such as impairment of gait.
    [Show full text]
  • Compiled for Lower Limb
    Updated: December, 9th, 2020 MSI ANATOMY LAB: STRUCTURE LIST Lower Extremity Lower Extremity Osteology Hip bone Tibia • Greater sciatic notch • Medial condyle • Lesser sciatic notch • Lateral condyle • Obturator foramen • Tibial plateau • Acetabulum o Medial tibial plateau o Lunate surface o Lateral tibial plateau o Acetabular notch o Intercondylar eminence • Ischiopubic ramus o Anterior intercondylar area o Posterior intercondylar area Pubic bone (pubis) • Pectineal line • Tibial tuberosity • Pubic tubercle • Medial malleolus • Body • Superior pubic ramus Patella • Inferior pubic ramus Fibula Ischium • Head • Body • Neck • Ramus • Lateral malleolus • Ischial tuberosity • Ischial spine Foot • Calcaneus Ilium o Calcaneal tuberosity • Iliac fossa o Sustentaculum tali (talar shelf) • Anterior superior iliac spine • Anterior inferior iliac spine • Talus o Head • Posterior superior iliac spine o Neck • Posterior inferior iliac spine • Arcuate line • Navicular • Iliac crest • Cuboid • Body • Cuneiforms: medial, intermediate, and lateral Femur • Metatarsals 1-5 • Greater trochanter • Phalanges 1-5 • Lesser trochanter o Proximal • Head o Middle • Neck o Distal • Linea aspera • L • Lateral condyle • L • Intercondylar fossa (notch) • L • Medial condyle • L • Lateral epicondyle • L • Medial epicondyle • L • Adductor tubercle • L • L • L • L • 1 Updated: December, 9th, 2020 Lab 3: Anterior and Medial Thigh Anterior Thigh Medial thigh General Structures Muscles • Fascia lata • Adductor longus m. • Anterior compartment • Adductor brevis m. • Medial compartment • Adductor magnus m. • Great saphenous vein o Adductor hiatus • Femoral sheath o Compartments and contents • Pectineus m. o Femoral canal and ring • Gracilis m. Muscles & Associated Tendons Nerves • Tensor fasciae lata • Obturator nerve • Iliotibial tract (band) • Femoral triangle: Boundaries Vessels o Inguinal ligament • Obturator artery o Sartorius m. • Femoral artery o Adductor longus m.
    [Show full text]
  • Structure of the Human Body
    STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN BODY Vertebral Levels 2011 - 2012 Landmarks and internal structures found at various vertebral levels. Vertebral Landmark Internal Significance Level • Bifurcation of common carotid artery. C3 Hyoid bone Superior border of thyroid C4 cartilage • Larynx ends; trachea begins • Pharynx ends; esophagus begins • Inferior thyroid A crosses posterior to carotid sheath. • Middle cervical sympathetic ganglion C6 Cricoid cartilage behind inf. thyroid a. • Inferior laryngeal nerve enters the larynx. • Vertebral a. enters the transverse. Foramen of C 6. • Thoracic duct reaches its greatest height C7 Vertebra prominens • Isthmus of thyroid gland Sternoclavicular joint (it is a • Highest point of apex of lung. T1 finger's breadth below the bismuth of the thyroid gland T1-2 Superior angle of the scapula T2 Jugular notch T3 Base of spine of scapula • Division between superior and inferior mediastinum • Ascending aorta ends T4 Sternal angle (of Louis) • Arch of aorta begins & ends. • Trachea ends; primary bronchi begin • Heart T5-9 Body of sternum T7 Inferior angle of scapula • Inferior vena cava passes through T8 diaphragm T9 Xiphisternal junction • Costal slips of diaphragm T9-L3 Costal margin • Esophagus through diaphragm T10 • Aorta through diaphragm • Thoracic duct through diaphragm T12 • Azygos V. through diaphragm • Pyloris of stomach immediately above and to the right of the midline. • Duodenojejunal flexure to the left of midline and immediately below it Tran pyloric plane: Found at the • Pancreas on a line with it L1 midpoint between the jugular • Origin of Superior Mesenteric artery notch and the pubic symphysis • Hilum of kidneys: left is above and right is below. • Celiac a.
    [Show full text]
  • Acetabular Labral Tears: Resection Vs
    Acetabular Labral Tears: Resection vs. Repair In the past decade, significant advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of non-arthritic intra-articular hip pathologies, including acetabular labral tears. Tears of the acetabular labrum have been identified as a source of hip pain and mechanical symptoms, and as a possible instigator of premature hip degeneration. Arthroscopic management of labral tears has evolved from simple resection of the torn labral portion to advanced repair techniques for tears Mara L. Schenker, MD1 associated with large bony deformities. While arthroscopic technology has evolved to allow the labrum to be repaired, Marc J. Philippon, MD2 scientific evidence demonstrating the benefits of labral repair over resection have lagged. 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA In the past decade, significant advances have quicker rate of cartilage consolidation in the 2 Steadman Philippon Research Institute, been made in the diagnosis and treatment of absence of a labrum. They further demonstrated Vail, CO non-arthritic intra-articular hip pathologies, that resection of the labrum causes the femoral including acetabular labral tears. Tears of the head to lateralize, shifting the load bearing surface acetabular labrum have been identified as a of the joint shifts to the acetabular rim, thereby source of hip pain and mechanical symptoms, causing increases in femoroacetabular contact and as a possible instigator of premature hip pressures6. Although some have suggested degeneration1. Arthroscopic management of that labral resection may lead to premature labral tears has evolved from simple resection osteoarthritis, one in vivo study failed to show the of the torn labral portion to advanced repair relationship at 24 months after labral resection7.
    [Show full text]
  • Unusual Cubital Fossa Anatomy – Case Report
    Anatomy Journal of Africa 2 (1): 80-83 (2013) Case Report UNUSUAL CUBITAL FOSSA ANATOMY – CASE REPORT Surekha D Shetty, Satheesha Nayak B, Naveen Kumar, Anitha Guru. Correspondence: Dr. Satheesha Nayak B, Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka State, India. 576104 Email: [email protected] SUMMARY The median nerve is known to show variations in its origin, course, relations and distribution. But in almost all cases it passes through the cubital fossa. We saw a cubital fossa without a median nerve. The median nerve had a normal course in the upper part of front of the arm but in the distal third of the arm it passed in front of the medial epicondyle of humerus, surrounded by fleshy fibres of pronator teres muscle. Its course and distribution in the forearm was normal. In the same limb, the fleshy fibres of the brachialis muscle directly continued into the forearm as brachioradialis, there being no fibrous septum separating the two muscles from each other. The close relationship of the nerve to the epicondyle might make it vulnerable in the fractures of the epicondyle. The muscle fibres surrounding the nerve might pull up on the nerve and result in altered sensory-motor functions of the hand. Since the brachialis and brachioradialis are two muscles supplied by two different nerves, this continuity of the muscles might result in compression/entrapment of the radial nerve in it. Key words: Median nerve, cubital fossa, brachialis, brachioradialis, entrapment INTRODUCTION The median nerve is the main content of and broad tendon which is inserted into the cubital fossa along with brachial artery and ulnar tuberosity and to a rough surface on the biceps brachii tendon.
    [Show full text]
  • Acetabular Labral Tears with Underlying Chondromalacia: a Possible Association with High-Level Running
    Acetabular Labral Tears With Underlying Chondromalacia: A Possible Association With High-Level Running Carlos A. Guanche, M.D., and Robby S. Sikka, B.A. Purpose: The use of hip arthroscopy has helped delineate intra-articular pathology and has enabled clinicians to further elucidate the factors responsible for injuries, such as running. The subtle development of degenerative changes may be a result of repetitive impact loading associated with this sport. This study presents a population of runners with common pathologic acetabular changes. Type of Study: Case series. Methods: Eight high-level runners with an average age of 36 years (range, 19 to 45 years) were seen for complaints of increasing hip pain with running without any history of macrotrauma. All of the patients had either run several marathons (4), were triathletes (1), Olympic middle distance runners (1), or had run more than 10 miles per week for longer than 5 years (2). Plain radiographic analysis revealed no degenerative changes and an average center-edge (CE) angle of 36.7° (range, 28° to 44°). Results: All patients underwent hip arthroscopy with labral debridement. In 6 patients (75%), a chondral injury of the acetabular cartilage underlying the labral tear was noted. In addition, 3 patients had ligamentum teres disruptions. Conclusions: It is possible that the development of these tears is the result of subtle instability, which may be exacerbated by running, eventually leading to labral tearing and possible ligamentum teres disruption. While perhaps con- currently, subtle acetabular dysplasia may play a role. Although this study does not confirm an association between running and the development of labral tears or chondral lesions in the hip, it certainly questions whether there is an injury pattern common to this population, a “runner’s hip.” Level of Evidence: Level IV.
    [Show full text]
  • DEPARTMENT of ANATOMY IGMC SHIMLA Competency Based Under
    DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY IGMC SHIMLA Competency Based Under Graduate Curriculum - 2019 Number COMPETENCY Objective The student should be able to At the end of the session student should know AN1.1 Demonstrate normal anatomical position, various a) Define and demonstrate various positions and planes planes, relation, comparison, laterality & b) Anatomical terms used for lower trunk, limbs, joint movement in our body movements, bony features, blood vessels, nerves, fascia, muscles and clinical anatomy AN1.2 Describe composition of bone and bone marrow a) Various classifications of bones b) Structure of bone AN2.1 Describe parts, blood and nerve supply of a long bone a) Parts of young bone b) Types of epiphysis c) Blood supply of bone d) Nerve supply of bone AN2.2 Enumerate laws of ossification a) Development and ossification of bones with laws of ossification b) Medico legal and anthropological aspects of bones AN2.3 Enumerate special features of a sesamoid bone a) Enumerate various sesamoid bones with their features and functions AN2.4 Describe various types of cartilage with its structure & a) Differences between bones and cartilage distribution in body b) Characteristics features of cartilage c) Types of cartilage and their distribution in body AN2.5 Describe various joints with subtypes and examples a) Various classification of joints b) Features and different types of fibrous joints with examples c) Features of primary and secondary cartilaginous joints d) Different types of synovial joints e) Structure and function of typical synovial
    [Show full text]
  • Parts of the Body 1) Head – Caput, Capitus 2) Skull- Cranium Cephalic- Toward the Skull Caudal- Toward the Tail Rostral- Toward the Nose 3) Collum (Pl
    BIO 3330 Advanced Human Cadaver Anatomy Instructor: Dr. Jeff Simpson Department of Biology Metropolitan State College of Denver 1 PARTS OF THE BODY 1) HEAD – CAPUT, CAPITUS 2) SKULL- CRANIUM CEPHALIC- TOWARD THE SKULL CAUDAL- TOWARD THE TAIL ROSTRAL- TOWARD THE NOSE 3) COLLUM (PL. COLLI), CERVIX 4) TRUNK- THORAX, CHEST 5) ABDOMEN- AREA BETWEEN THE DIAPHRAGM AND THE HIP BONES 6) PELVIS- AREA BETWEEN OS COXAS EXTREMITIES -UPPER 1) SHOULDER GIRDLE - SCAPULA, CLAVICLE 2) BRACHIUM - ARM 3) ANTEBRACHIUM -FOREARM 4) CUBITAL FOSSA 6) METACARPALS 7) PHALANGES 2 Lower Extremities Pelvis Os Coxae (2) Inominant Bones Sacrum Coccyx Terms of Position and Direction Anatomical Position Body Erect, head, eyes and toes facing forward. Limbs at side, palms facing forward Anterior-ventral Posterior-dorsal Superficial Deep Internal/external Vertical & horizontal- refer to the body in the standing position Lateral/ medial Superior/inferior Ipsilateral Contralateral Planes of the Body Median-cuts the body into left and right halves Sagittal- parallel to median Frontal (Coronal)- divides the body into front and back halves 3 Horizontal(transverse)- cuts the body into upper and lower portions Positions of the Body Proximal Distal Limbs Radial Ulnar Tibial Fibular Foot Dorsum Plantar Hallicus HAND Dorsum- back of hand Palmar (volar)- palm side Pollicus Index finger Middle finger Ring finger Pinky finger TERMS OF MOVEMENT 1) FLEXION: DECREASE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES OF A JOINT 2) EXTENSION: INCREASE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES OF A JOINT 3) ADDUCTION: TOWARDS MIDLINE
    [Show full text]
  • Pes Anserinus Syndrome
    DEPARTMENT OF ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY SPORTS MEDICINE Marc R. Safran, MD Professor, Orthopaedic Surgery Chief, Division of Sports Medicine PES ANSERINUS SYNDROME DESCRIPTION The pes anserinus is the tendon insertion of 3 muscles of the thigh into the upper leg (tibia), just below the knee to the inner side of the front of the leg. Where the tendon attaches to bone, there is a bursa sac between the bone and the tendon. The bursa functions like a water balloon to reduce friction and wear of the tendon against the bone. With this syndrome there is inflammation and pain of the bursa (bursitis), tendon (tendinitis), or both. FREQUENT SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Pain, tenderness, swelling, warmth and/or redness over the pes anserinus bursa and tendon on the front inner leg just 2-3 inches below the knee. The pain is usually slight when beginning to exercise and is worse as the activity continues. Pain with running or bending the knee against resistance Crepitation (a crackling sound) when the tendon or bursa is moved or touched CAUSES Strain from sudden increase in amount or intensity of activity or overuse of the lower extremity usually in the endurance athlete or the athlete just beginning to run. May also be due to direct trauma to the upper leg. RISK INCREASES WITH Endurance sports (distance runs, triathlons) Beginning a training program Sports that require pivoting, cutting (sudden change of direction while running), jumping and deceleration. Incorrect training techniques that include excessive hill running, recent large increases in mileage, inadequate time for rest between workouts.. Poor physical conditioning (strength/flexibility) Inadequate warm-up prior to practice or play Knock knees Arthritis of the knee.
    [Show full text]