Introduction to Anatomy of the Abdomen the Region Between: Diaphragm and Pelvis
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Splenic Artery Embolization for the Treatment of Gastric Variceal Bleeding Secondary to Splenic Vein Thrombosis Complicated by Necrotizing Pancreatitis: Report of a Case
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Case Reports in Medicine Volume 2016, Article ID 1585926, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1585926 Case Report Splenic Artery Embolization for the Treatment of Gastric Variceal Bleeding Secondary to Splenic Vein Thrombosis Complicated by Necrotizing Pancreatitis: Report of a Case Hee Joon Kim, Eun Kyu Park, Young Hoe Hur, Yang Seok Koh, and Chol Kyoon Cho Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Correspondence should be addressed to Chol Kyoon Cho; [email protected] Received 11 August 2016; Accepted 1 November 2016 Academic Editor: Omer Faruk Dogan Copyright © 2016 Hee Joon Kim et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Splenic vein thrombosis is a relatively common finding in pancreatitis. Gastric variceal bleeding is a life-threatening complication of splenic vein thrombosis, resulting from increased blood flow to short gastric vein. Traditionally, splenectomy is considered the treatment of choice. However, surgery in necrotizing pancreatitis is dangerous, because of severe inflammation, adhesion, and bleeding tendency. In the Warshaw operation, gastric variceal bleeding is rare, even though splenic vein is resected. Because the splenic artery is also resected, blood flow to short gastric vein is not increased problematically. Herein, we report a case of gastric variceal bleeding secondary to splenic vein thrombosis complicated by necrotizing pancreatitis successfully treated with splenic artery embolization. Splenic artery embolization could be the best treatment option for gastric variceal bleeding when splenectomy is difficult such as in case associated with severe acute pancreatitis or associated with severe adhesion or in patients withhigh operation risk. -
The Anatomy of Th-E Blood Vascular System of the Fox ,Squirrel
THE ANATOMY OF TH-E BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE FOX ,SQUIRREL. §CIURUS NlGER. .RUFIVENTEB (OEOEEROY) Thai: for the 009m of M. S. MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE Thomas William Jenkins 1950 THulS' ifliillifllfllilllljllljIi\Ill\ljilllHliLlilHlLHl This is to certifg that the thesis entitled The Anatomy of the Blood Vascular System of the Fox Squirrel. Sciurus niger rufiventer (Geoffroy) presented by Thomas William Jenkins has been accepted towards fulfillment of the requirements for A degree in MEL Major professor Date May 23’ 19500 0-169 q/m Np” THE ANATOMY OF THE BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE FOX SQUIRREL, SCIURUS NIGER RUFIVENTER (GEOFFROY) By THOMAS WILLIAM JENKINS w L-Ooffi A THESIS Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Michigan State College of Agriculture and Applied Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Zoology 1950 \ THESlSfi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Grateful acknowledgment is made to the following persons of the Zoology Department: Dr. R. A. Fennell, under whose guidence this study was completed; Mr. P. A. Caraway, for his invaluable assistance in photography; Dr. D. W. Hayne and Mr. Poff, for their assistance in trapping; Dr. K. A. Stiles and Dr. R. H. Manville, for their helpful suggestions on various occasions; Mrs. Bernadette Henderson (Miss Mac), for her pleasant words of encouragement and advice; Dr. H. R. Hunt, head of the Zoology Department, for approval of the research problem; and Mr. N. J. Mizeres, for critically reading the manuscript. Special thanks is given to my wife for her assistance with the drawings and constant encouragement throughout the many months of work. -
Anatomy of Small Intestine Doctors Notes Notes/Extra Explanation Please View Our Editing File Before Studying This Lecture to Check for Any Changes
Color Code Important Anatomy of Small Intestine Doctors Notes Notes/Extra explanation Please view our Editing File before studying this lecture to check for any changes. Objectives: At the end of the lecture, students should: List the different parts of small intestine. Describe the anatomy of duodenum, jejunum & ileum regarding: the shape, length, site of beginning & termination, peritoneal covering, arterial supply & lymphatic drainage. Differentiate between each part of duodenum regarding the length, level & relations. Differentiate between the jejunum & ileum regarding the characteristic anatomical features of each of them. Abdomen What is Mesentery? It is a double layer attach the intestine to abdominal wall. If it has mesentery it is freely moveable. L= liver, S=Spleen, SI=Small Intestine, AC=Ascending Colon, TC=Transverse Colon Abdomen The small intestines consist of two parts: 1- fixed part (no mesentery) (retroperitoneal) : duodenum 2- free (movable) part (with mesentery) :jejunum & ileum Only on the boys’ slides RELATION BETWEEN EMBRYOLOGICAL ORIGIN & ARTERIAL SUPPLY مهم :Extra Arterial supply depends on the embryological origin : Foregut Coeliac trunk Midgut superior mesenteric Hindgut Inferior mesenteric Duodenum: • Origin: foregut & midgut • Arterial supply: 1. Coeliac trunk (artery of foregut) 2. Superior mesenteric: (artery of midgut) The duodenum has 2 arterial supply because of the double origin The junction of foregut and midgut is at the second part of the duodenum Jejunum & ileum: • Origin: midgut • Arterial -
5- Small Intestines Edited.Pdf
Small Intestines Lecture (5) . Important . Doctors Notes Please check our Editing File . Notes/Extra explanation هذا العمل مبني بشكل أساسي على عمل دفعة 436 مع المراجعة {ومنْْيتو َ ّكْْع َلْْا ِّْللْفَهُوْْحس بهْ} َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ ُ والتدقيق وإضافة المﻻحظات وﻻ يغني عن المصدر اﻷساسي للمذاكرة . Objectives At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: List the different parts of small intestine. Describe the anatomy of duodenum, jejunum & ileum regarding: the shape, length, site of beginning & termination, peritoneal covering, arterial supply & lymphatic drainage. Differentiate between each part of duodenum regarding the length, level & relations. Differentiate between the jejunum & ileum regarding the characteristic anatomical features of each of them. Abdomen o What is Mesentery? o It is a double layer attach the intestine to abdominal wall. If it has mesentery it is freely moveable. o The small intestines consist of two parts: • Fixed part (without mesentery) (retroperitoneal): duodenum • Free (movable) part (with mesentery): jejunum & ileum Jejunum & ileum Mesentery of SI L= liver, S=Spleen, SI=Small Intestine, AC=Ascending Colon, TC=Transverse Colon To see the second layer you should Abdomen (this slide is not important) remove the parietal peritoneum of posterior abdominal wall. The second layer consists of: Dr.ahmed fathalla’s notes: We you remove the anterior 1- ascending colon - any structure invaginates the abdominal wall, you will find 2- cecum peritoneum has a certain the most superficial 3- descending colon degree of mobility 4- duodenum structures are: 5- pancreas - we have three levels related to 1- liver abdominal structures: 2- stomach 6- spleen 1- (Part of the GIT) it is mobile and 3- transvers colon And behind the 2nd layer, there are completely covered by the 4- small intestine) the other non-GIT structures like peritoneum, because it has kidney, Aorta and IVC invaginated the peritoneum. -
Unit #2 - Abdomen, Pelvis and Perineum
UNIT #2 - ABDOMEN, PELVIS AND PERINEUM 1 UNIT #2 - ABDOMEN, PELVIS AND PERINEUM Reading Gray’s Anatomy for Students (GAFS), Chapters 4-5 Gray’s Dissection Guide for Human Anatomy (GDGHA), Labs 10-17 Unit #2- Abdomen, Pelvis, and Perineum G08- Overview of the Abdomen and Anterior Abdominal Wall (Dr. Albertine) G09A- Peritoneum, GI System Overview and Foregut (Dr. Albertine) G09B- Arteries, Veins, and Lymphatics of the GI System (Dr. Albertine) G10A- Midgut and Hindgut (Dr. Albertine) G10B- Innervation of the GI Tract and Osteology of the Pelvis (Dr. Albertine) G11- Posterior Abdominal Wall (Dr. Albertine) G12- Gluteal Region, Perineum Related to the Ischioanal Fossa (Dr. Albertine) G13- Urogenital Triangle (Dr. Albertine) G14A- Female Reproductive System (Dr. Albertine) G14B- Male Reproductive System (Dr. Albertine) 2 G08: Overview of the Abdomen and Anterior Abdominal Wall (Dr. Albertine) At the end of this lecture, students should be able to master the following: 1) Overview a) Identify the functions of the anterior abdominal wall b) Describe the boundaries of the anterior abdominal wall 2) Surface Anatomy a) Locate and describe the following surface landmarks: xiphoid process, costal margin, 9th costal cartilage, iliac crest, pubic tubercle, umbilicus 3 3) Planes and Divisions a) Identify and describe the following planes of the abdomen: transpyloric, transumbilical, subcostal, transtu- bercular, and midclavicular b) Describe the 9 zones created by the subcostal, transtubercular, and midclavicular planes c) Describe the 4 quadrants created -
Studies on Laparoscopic Gastric Surgery in Korea
Surgical Anatomy of UGI Seung-Wan Ryu Keimyung University, Korea Location • The stomach is a dilated part of the alimentary canal. • It is located in the upper part of the abdomen. • It extends from beneath the left costal margin into the epigastric and umbilical regions. • Position of the stomach varies with body habitues PARTS 2 Orifices: Cardiac orifice Pyloric orifice 2 Borders: Greater curvature Lesser curvature 2 Surfaces: Anterior surface Posterior surface 3 Parts: Fundus Body Pylorus: FUNDUS • Dome-shaped • Located to the left of the cardiac orifice • Usually full of gas. • In X-Ray film it appears black BODY • Extends from: The level of the fundus to The level of Incisura Angularis a constant notch on the lesser curvature LESSER CURVATURE • Forms the right border of the stomach. • Extends from the cardiac orifice to the pylorus. • Attached to the liver by the lesser omentum. GREATER CURVATURE • Forms the left border of the stomach. • Extends from the cardiac orifice to the pylorus • Its upper part is attached to the spleen by gastrosp lenic ligament • Its lower part is attached to the transverse colon by the greater omentum. ANTERIOR RELATIONS • Anterior abdominal wall • Left costal margin • Left pleura & lung • Diaphragm • Left lobe of the liver POSTERIOR RELATIONS • Stomach Bed: • Peritoneum (Lesser sac) • Left crus of diaphragm • Left suprarenal gland • Part of left kidney • Spleen • Splenic artery • Pancreas • Transverse mesocolon • They are separated from the stomach by Peritoneum (Lesser sac except the spleen) Blood Supply ARTERIES • 5 arteries: • As it is derived from the foregut all are branches of the celiac trunk • 1- Left gastric artery: It is a branch of celiac artery. -
Pin Point Your Insides Bernard Anastasi M
Pin Point Your Insides Bernard Anastasi M. D. Every medical student knows the approximate whereabouts of the important organs. However, the aim of these diagrams i~ to enable the ~tudellt to map out, in the order given,a series ot important points in relation to bone and plane landmarks from which the surface projection of internal organs can be accurately obtained and remembered. Reference: Gray's Anatomy. '-..------ o pI. a. ne HEART LIVER Left Border apex beat - 5th intercostal space, 9cm from Lower Border: • right 10th costal cartilage. • median plane, below and medial to left nipple. • fundus of gall bladder - 4.5cm to right of upper point - lower border of 2nd costal median plane, below 9th right costal cartilage. • cartilage, 1.2cm from sternal margin. • crosses infrasternal angle at intersection of Right Border upper point - upper border of 3rd costal median and transpyloric planes. • cartilage, 1.2cm from sternal margin. • tip of 8th left costal cartilage. widest point - 4th intercostal space, 3.7cm Upper Border: • left end - below and medial to left nipple. • from medilln plane. • passes through xiphisternal joint. lower point - 6th costal cartilage. • right end - below right nipple. Lower Border: • passes through xiphisternal angle. 21 m idaxil/a".y lira e LUNGS AND PLEURAE Right Lung and Pleura: • lower edge of neck of 1st rib. • sterno-clavicular joint. • sternal an~le in midline. • xiphisternal joint. • 7th costal cartilage. • 8th rib in midaxillary line (lung). • T. 10 (lung). • T. 12 (Pleura) • 10th rib in midaxillary line (pleura). Left Lung and Pleura: N.B. same as right, except: • diverge laterally at level of 4th costal cartilage. -
Gastrointestinal Bleeding from Supraduodenal Artery with Aberrant Origin Qiong Han University of Kentucky, [email protected]
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Radiology Faculty Publications Radiology 9-2017 Gastrointestinal Bleeding from Supraduodenal Artery with Aberrant Origin Qiong Han University of Kentucky, [email protected] Chenghao Qian University of Kentucky, [email protected] Gaby Gabriel University of Kentucky, [email protected] Steven Krohmer University of Kentucky, [email protected] Driss Raissi University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits oy u. Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/radiology_facpub Part of the Gastroenterology Commons, and the Radiology Commons Repository Citation Han, Qiong; Qian, Chenghao; Gabriel, Gaby; Krohmer, Steven; and Raissi, Driss, "Gastrointestinal Bleeding from Supraduodenal Artery with Aberrant Origin" (2017). Radiology Faculty Publications. 17. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/radiology_facpub/17 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Radiology at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Radiology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gastrointestinal Bleeding from Supraduodenal Artery with Aberrant Origin Notes/Citation Information Published in Radiology Case Reports, v. 12, issue 3, p. 526-528. © 2017 the Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. under copyright license from the University of Washington. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- -
L1 Esophagus & Stomach.Pdf
MIND MAP C6 • The esophagus begins as continuation of pharynx • Site of 1st esophageal constriction Dr. Ahmed Kamal T4 • Sternal angle Esophagus & Stomach • Crossing of esophagus with the aortic arch & the left main bronchus (2nd 22, 23 relations ,24 blood supply constriction) Khan academy medicine T10 • The esophagus pierces the diaphragm to join stomach Esophagus & Stomach • 3rd constriction Anatomy Zone T11 The end of esophagus 3D Anatomy Tutorial L1 Transpyloric plane (site of pyloric canal) [email protected] ESOPHAGUS Constitutes 3 parts ① Cervical ② Thoracic (longest part) ③ Abdominal (shortest part) It’s a 25cm long tubular structure extending from the Pharynx at C6 and it pierces the diaphragm at T10 and joins the stomach. In the thorax, it passes downward and to the left through superior mediastinum then to posterior mediastinum. At the level of the sternal angle, the aortic arch pushes the esophagus again to the midline. Diaphragmatic opening: . Esophagus . 2 Vagi . Branches of Left gastric vessels . Lymphatic vessels Fibers from the right crus of the diaphragm form a sling around the esophagus. Relations Part Anterior Posterior Laterally Cervical Trachea and Vertebral column Lobes of the Thyroid gland the recurrent laryngeal nerves Thoracic ① Trachea ① Bodies of the On the Right side: ② Left recurrent thoracic • Right mediastinal vertebrae laryngeal pleura nerve ② Thoracic duct ③ Azygos vein • Terminal part of the ③ Left principal ④ Right posterior bronchus azygos vein. intercostal arteries On the Left side: ④ Pericardium ⑤ Descending ⑤ Left atrium thoracic aorta (at • Left mediastinal the lower end) pleura • Left subclavian artery • Aortic arch • Thoracic duct Abdomen Left lobe of liver Left crus of diaphragm ___________ Cervical part of Esophagus Thoracic part of Esophagus Anterior Posterior R Lateral L Barium X-ray of the upper gastrointestinal tract Left atrium The esophagus is closely related to the left atrium. -
SŁOWNIK ANATOMICZNY (ANGIELSKO–Łacinsłownik Anatomiczny (Angielsko-Łacińsko-Polski)´ SKO–POLSKI)
ANATOMY WORDS (ENGLISH–LATIN–POLISH) SŁOWNIK ANATOMICZNY (ANGIELSKO–ŁACINSłownik anatomiczny (angielsko-łacińsko-polski)´ SKO–POLSKI) English – Je˛zyk angielski Latin – Łacina Polish – Je˛zyk polski Arteries – Te˛tnice accessory obturator artery arteria obturatoria accessoria tętnica zasłonowa dodatkowa acetabular branch ramus acetabularis gałąź panewkowa anterior basal segmental artery arteria segmentalis basalis anterior pulmonis tętnica segmentowa podstawna przednia (dextri et sinistri) płuca (prawego i lewego) anterior cecal artery arteria caecalis anterior tętnica kątnicza przednia anterior cerebral artery arteria cerebri anterior tętnica przednia mózgu anterior choroidal artery arteria choroidea anterior tętnica naczyniówkowa przednia anterior ciliary arteries arteriae ciliares anteriores tętnice rzęskowe przednie anterior circumflex humeral artery arteria circumflexa humeri anterior tętnica okalająca ramię przednia anterior communicating artery arteria communicans anterior tętnica łącząca przednia anterior conjunctival artery arteria conjunctivalis anterior tętnica spojówkowa przednia anterior ethmoidal artery arteria ethmoidalis anterior tętnica sitowa przednia anterior inferior cerebellar artery arteria anterior inferior cerebelli tętnica dolna przednia móżdżku anterior interosseous artery arteria interossea anterior tętnica międzykostna przednia anterior labial branches of deep external rami labiales anteriores arteriae pudendae gałęzie wargowe przednie tętnicy sromowej pudendal artery externae profundae zewnętrznej głębokiej -
Exploring Anatomy: the Human Abdomen
Exploring anatomy: the human abdomen An advanced look at the blood supply to the pancreas and duodenum Welcome to this video for exploring anatomy, the human abdomen. This video is going to outline the blood supply to the pancreas and duodenum. So first of all, let's draw out parts of the duodenum. Here we can see we've got a bit of the superior part, the descending and horizontal portion of the duodenum. And then we can draw out the head and the uncinate process of the pancreas that is filling this concavity of the duodenum. And then the neck, body, and tail of the pancreas extends over towards the spleen. And we can just quickly add in, just for some added detail, the spleen. Obviously, these organs aren't to their anatomical size. It's just so you have an idea of their location and the arteries that supply them. So just to recap, we can see we've got the uncinate process of the pancreas. We've got the head. We've got the neck, body, and the tail. And here, in black, we can see we've got the duodenum. We've got a portion of the superior part. We've got the descending part, horizontal part, and a small little part of the ascending portion here. So now, let's look at the blood supply to these two organs, the duodenum and the pancreas. So you should be aware that these organs are going to be supplied by either the coelic trunk or the superior mesenteric artery. -
Liver & Spleen
Liver & Spleen Gastrointestinal block-Anatomy-Lecture 9 Editing file Objectives Color guide : Only in boys slides in Green Only in girls slides in Purple important in Red At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: Notes in Grey ● Location, subdivisions ,relations and peritoneal reflection of liver. ● Blood supply, nerve supply and lymphatic drainage of liver. ● Location, subdivisions and relations and peritoneal reflection of spleen. ● Blood supply, nerve supply and lymphatic drainage of spleen If you’re too bored to study, watch this vid first it’s really interesting -Not So Secret Lecture Reviewer Liver ● The largest gland in the body ● Weighs approximately 1500 g. (approximately 2.5% of adult body weight). ● Lies mainly in the: Right hypochondrium, Epigastrium, and extends into the Left hypochondrium. ● Protected by the thoracic cage and diaphragm, lies deep to ribs 7-11 on the right side and crosses the midline toward the left nipple. ● The liver is completely surrounded by a fibrous capsule and partially covered by peritoneum ● Moves with the diaphragm and is located more inferiorly when one is erect because of gravity. ● It has two surfaces: 1. Diaphragmatic . 2. Visceral surface Relations Anterior Posterior 1. Diaphragm 1. Diaphragm 2. Right & left pleura and lower 2. Inferior Vena Cava margins of both lungs 3. Right Kidney 3. Right & left costal margins 4. Hepatic Flexure Of The Colon 4. Xiphoid process 5. Duodenum 5. Anterior abdominal wall in the 6. Gallbladder subcostal angle 7. Esophagus 8. Fundus Of The Stomach 3 Surfaces of Liver Diaphragmatic Surface ● The convex upper, surface is smooth and molded to the undersurface of the domes of the diaphragm which separates it from the base of pleurae & lungs, pericardium, and heart.