The Anatomy of Th-E Blood Vascular System of the Fox ,Squirrel

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Anatomy of Th-E Blood Vascular System of the Fox ,Squirrel THE ANATOMY OF TH-E BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE FOX ,SQUIRREL. §CIURUS NlGER. .RUFIVENTEB (OEOEEROY) Thai: for the 009m of M. S. MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE Thomas William Jenkins 1950 THulS' ifliillifllfllilllljllljIi\Ill\ljilllHliLlilHlLHl This is to certifg that the thesis entitled The Anatomy of the Blood Vascular System of the Fox Squirrel. Sciurus niger rufiventer (Geoffroy) presented by Thomas William Jenkins has been accepted towards fulfillment of the requirements for A degree in MEL Major professor Date May 23’ 19500 0-169 q/m Np” THE ANATOMY OF THE BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE FOX SQUIRREL, SCIURUS NIGER RUFIVENTER (GEOFFROY) By THOMAS WILLIAM JENKINS w L-Ooffi A THESIS Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Michigan State College of Agriculture and Applied Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Zoology 1950 \ THESlSfi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Grateful acknowledgment is made to the following persons of the Zoology Department: Dr. R. A. Fennell, under whose guidence this study was completed; Mr. P. A. Caraway, for his invaluable assistance in photography; Dr. D. W. Hayne and Mr. Poff, for their assistance in trapping; Dr. K. A. Stiles and Dr. R. H. Manville, for their helpful suggestions on various occasions; Mrs. Bernadette Henderson (Miss Mac), for her pleasant words of encouragement and advice; Dr. H. R. Hunt, head of the Zoology Department, for approval of the research problem; and Mr. N. J. Mizeres, for critically reading the manuscript. Special thanks is given to my wife for her assistance with the drawings and constant encouragement throughout the many months of work. sprr,i fij(?{) g.-.- -- . 1:: ,1. 51. CONTENTS Page Introduction..................................... l4 II. Materials and Methods............................ h) III. The Heart.......,......... ...... ................. l» IV. The Arterial System.............................. CD A. The Thorax................................... 0) B. The Upper Extremity.......................... 12 C. The Head and Neck............................ 29 D. The Abdomen and Pelvis ....... ....... ..... .... 43 E. The Lower Extremity.......................... 73 The Venous System................................ 81 A. The Thorax................................... 82 B. The Upper Extremity.......................... 85 C. The Head and Neck............................ 86 a. The Superficial Veins of the Face 86 and HeadOOOOOO.0.0.00.0.OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO b. Veins of the Neck........................ 88 c. Superficial Veins of the Brain........... 89 d. Sinuses of the Dura Mater................ D. The Hepatic Portal System.................... 96 E. The Abdomen.................................. 100 F. The Pelvis................................... 102 G. The Lower Extremity.......................... 105 VI. List of References............................... 107 VII. curriculum VitanO0.0000000000000000000000000.... 108 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page Fig. The heart, vessels of the thorax, and branches of the subclavian artery, ventral aspect................. 7 The left axillary artery and its branches... l9 Vessels of the upper extremity.............. 23 Arteries of the head and neck, ventral aspeCtOOOOOCOOO0.0.0.0.000...0..00......O... 28 Vessels of the head and neck, lateral aspeCtOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 33 Vessels of the brain, basal aspect.......... 39 Vessels of the abdomen...................... 42 Right external iliac and femoral arteries, showing branches of the pudic epigastric trunkoo00000000...ooooooooooooooo00000000000 47 Blood supply of the male genitalia.......... 51 10. Blood supply Of the testis and epididymis... 54 ll. The iliac vessels....... 59 12. Branches of the coeliac axis................ 62 13. Branches of the superior (anterior) 66 mesenteric.’.C...’............OOCCOOOOO 14. Vessels of the lower extremity, medial aspeCtOO00......OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO... 72 Fig. 15, Vessels Of the popliteal fossa, medial aspect....IOCOOCOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.0.0.0.... 77 Fig. 16. Vessels Of the brain, dorsal aspect... Fig. 17. The hepatic-portal system................... 95 I. INTRODUCTION In recent years there has been an increase in the in- terest in conservation studies. In contrast to the large number of projects dealing with game management and game utilization, there has been no carefully planned program for studies dealing with anatomical systems in rodents and other game animals. Hunt (1924) and Greene (1935) have described the anatomy of the rat, and Orwoll (l9AO) has described the osteology and myology of the fox squirrel. It is the Object of this study to present a complete description of the anatomy of the blood vascular system of the fox squirrel, Sciurus niger rufiventer (Geoffroy), Michigan's largest tree squirrel (Burt, 19A6, p. 192). There has been no special attempt to completely compare the anatomy of the blood vascular system of the fox squirrel with other mammals, but there are described many differences in the circulatory systems of various mammalian species. II. MATERIALS AND METHODS The seven fox squirrels used in this study were live— trapped in Baker woodlot, East Lansing, Michigan. The animals were embalmed and their circulatory system triply injected with colored latex at the General Biological Supply House in Chicago. The arterial system was injected with red latex, the venous system with blue, and the hepatic- portal system with yellow. Seventeen figures are presented in addition to the descriptions given in the text. The figures are photographs of pen and ink plates which were traced from original drawings made at the time of dissection. A scale of 1 cm. appears in each figure. The veins are represented in the figures as darker vessels, and the arteries as lighter ones. In each figure the blood vessels are lettered and the related anatomical structures, such as muscles, are numbered. In the text, each vessel has after its name a letter and a number of the figure to aid the reader in addition to the written description. A speed graphic camera was used for all photography. The photographs were taken with contrast process film, developed in contrast developer, and printed on Kodabromide F-4 paper. III. THE HEART The heart of the Sciurus niger (fig. 1) is a pear shaped organ about 35 mm. in length. It lies in the middle mediasti— num and extends from the level Of rib three to rib six. It is enclosed within a sac which is known as the pericardium. The wall Of the pericardium is composed of two layers: a) an external strong fibrous layer; and b) an internal serous ' layer. The fibrous layer extends a short distance along the great arteries and veins to fuse with the advential layer of these vessels. The internal serous layer consists of two portions: a) the parietal layer, which lines the sac, and b) the visceral layer or epicardium (Maximow and Bloom, 1947, p. 256), which covers the outer surface of the heart to give it a glistening appearance. The apex of the heart lies free near the common tendon of the diaphragm, but the base is anchored in the mediastinum by the great vessels. The dorsal and lateral surfaces Of the pericardium are in contact with the paired pleural sacs, but the ventral surface of the pericardium is mostly naked. Fusion of the two parietal layers of the pleural sacs forms a partition, the mediastinal septum, which is demonstrable as a thin membrane which extends from the ventral surface of the pericardium to the ventral body wall. The heart of this rodent is a typical four chambered mammalian heart. Its chambers are formed by a longitudinal and a lateral transverse (auriculoventricular) septum. The anterior chambers, i.e. cephalad to the auriculoventricular septum, are called atria, and the inferior chambers are known as the ventricles. A rather deep groove runs diagonally across the exterior of the heart to mark the separation of the auricles and ventricles. The sinus venosus is no longer visible as an entity, but has become incorporated into the wall of the right auricle. This may be correlated with the reason for the great systemic veins Opening directly into the right atrium. Embryologically, the conus arteriosus has split dichotomously into: a) the systemic aorta, which connects with the left ventricle; and b) the pulmonary trunk connecting with the right ventricle. The course gf_the blood through the heart: The course of the blood through the heart is essentially the same as it is in other mammals. The blood is returned to the right atrium of the heart from the body through the great systemic veins; the two superior venae cavae (precavae) (M, and V, fig. 1) and the single inferior vena cava (post cava) (X, fig. 1). From the right atrium the blood is passed through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The latter pumps it through the pulmonary semilunar valve to the single pulmonary trunk. The trunk divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries which transport the blood to the hilus of the right and left lung respectively. Within the lung, the blood is chemically relieved of carbon dioxide and is oxygenated before returning to the left atrium of the heart by the numerous pulmonary veins. The blood of the left atrium passes through the mitral (bicuspid) valve to enter the left ventricle. The left ventricle, with its thick wall, pumps the oxygenated blood up through the aortic semilunar valves into the ascending aorta to be distributed throughout the body. FIGURE 1. The heart, vessels of the thorax, and branches of the subclavian artery, ventral
Recommended publications
  • Splenic Artery Embolization for the Treatment of Gastric Variceal Bleeding Secondary to Splenic Vein Thrombosis Complicated by Necrotizing Pancreatitis: Report of a Case
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Case Reports in Medicine Volume 2016, Article ID 1585926, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1585926 Case Report Splenic Artery Embolization for the Treatment of Gastric Variceal Bleeding Secondary to Splenic Vein Thrombosis Complicated by Necrotizing Pancreatitis: Report of a Case Hee Joon Kim, Eun Kyu Park, Young Hoe Hur, Yang Seok Koh, and Chol Kyoon Cho Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Correspondence should be addressed to Chol Kyoon Cho; [email protected] Received 11 August 2016; Accepted 1 November 2016 Academic Editor: Omer Faruk Dogan Copyright © 2016 Hee Joon Kim et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Splenic vein thrombosis is a relatively common finding in pancreatitis. Gastric variceal bleeding is a life-threatening complication of splenic vein thrombosis, resulting from increased blood flow to short gastric vein. Traditionally, splenectomy is considered the treatment of choice. However, surgery in necrotizing pancreatitis is dangerous, because of severe inflammation, adhesion, and bleeding tendency. In the Warshaw operation, gastric variceal bleeding is rare, even though splenic vein is resected. Because the splenic artery is also resected, blood flow to short gastric vein is not increased problematically. Herein, we report a case of gastric variceal bleeding secondary to splenic vein thrombosis complicated by necrotizing pancreatitis successfully treated with splenic artery embolization. Splenic artery embolization could be the best treatment option for gastric variceal bleeding when splenectomy is difficult such as in case associated with severe acute pancreatitis or associated with severe adhesion or in patients withhigh operation risk.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy of the Arteries of the Human Body," P
    i's'S-si, fe+*>* /UCl***. U*A~* ANATOMY OP THE AKTERIES OF THE HUMAN BODY, Pejscripttue ant) jihxrgtcal, WITH THE DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY OF THE HEART; By JOHN HATCH POWER, F.K.C.S.I., LATE PROFESSOR OF DESCRIPTIVE AND PRACTICAL ANATOMY IN THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, IRELAND ; SURGEON TO THE CITY OF DUBLIN HOSPITAL, ETC. THIRD EDITION, By WILLIAM THOMSON, A.B., F.B.C.S., SURGEON TO THE RICHMOND SURGICAL HOSPITAL; MEMBER OF THE SURGICAL COURT OF EXAMINERS, ROYAL COLLEGE OF SDRGEONS, IRELAND; AND EXAMINER IN SURGERY, QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY, IRELAND, ETC. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS BY B. WILLS RICHARDSON, FELLOW AND SENIOR EXAMINER IN THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS; SURGEON TO THE ADELAIDE HOSPITAL, DUBLIN, ETC. DUBLIN : FANNIN AND CO., GEAFTON STEEET, BOOKSELLERS TO THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS. LONDON : LONGMANS AND CO. : SIMPKIN AND CO. MDCCCLXXXI. ?/?£ SKILL AND COMPANY, EDINBURGH, GOVERNMENT BOOK AND LAW PRINTERS FOR SCOTLAND. ; EDITOR'S PREFACE. The third edition of this book is issued under my supervision at the request of the publishers. Alterations have been made in the arrangement of the text, which has also been corrected in various places, in accordance with the views of the most modern authorities, both English and German. Borne portions have been omitted as being better suited to the pages of a physio- logical work. The notes of cases in the surgical part have been curtailed but the rarest have been allowed to remain in their collected form for facility of reference. It was my intention to give a full record of the ligature of arteries in Ireland during the last twenty years ; and in order to obtain particulars, a circular was sent to every hospital surgeon in this country.
    [Show full text]
  • The Acetabular Blood Supply: Implications for Periacetabular Osteotomies
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library Surg Radiol Anat (2003) 25: 361–367 DOI 10.1007/s00276-003-0149-3 ANATOMIC BASES OF MEDICAL, RADIOLOGICAL AND SURGICAL TECHNIQUES M. Beck Æ M. Leunig Æ T. Ellis Æ J. B. Sledge Æ R. Ganz The acetabular blood supply: implications for periacetabular osteotomies Received: 22 April 2002 / Accepted: 27 February 2003 / Published online: 16 August 2003 Ó Springer-Verlag 2003 Abstract As the popularity of juxta-acetabular osteot- noise, une e´ tude anatomique apre` s injection de latex omies in adults increases, concern arises that such a colore´ ae´ te´ re´ alise´ e. La vascularisation du versant ex- procedure will potentially cause avascular necrosis of the terne du fragment pe´ ri-ace´ tabulaire a e´ te´ e´ tudie´ e sur 16 acetabular fragment. In order to verify the remaining hanches apre` s injection de latex colore´ dans l’aorte ab- vascularization after a Bernese periacetabular osteoto- dominale et celle de son versant interne sur 4 hanches. my, an injection study with colored latex was performed. Pour confirmer les conclusions tire´ es du travail anato- The vascularity of the outside of the periacetabular bone mique, une oste´ otomie pe´ ri-ace´ tabulaire bernoise a e´ te´ was studied in 16 hips after injection of colored latex re´ alise´ e sur deux hanches supple´ mentaires apre` s injec- into the abdominal aorta and the inside in four hips. To tion de latex. Cette e´ tude a montre´ que, par une voie confirm the conclusions drawn from the anatomic study, d’abord de Smith-Petersen modifie´ eetenre´ alisant a Bernese periacetabular osteotomy was performed in l’oste´ otomie a` partir du versant interne du bassin, le two additional hips after latex injection.
    [Show full text]
  • Sural Artery Bypass in Buerger's Disease
    Ann Vasc Dis Vol.5, No.2; 2012; pp 199–203 ©2012 Annals of Vascular Diseases doi: 10.3400/avd.cr.11.00090 Case Report Sural Artery Bypass in Buerger’s Disease: Report of a Case Harunobu Matsumoto, MD,1 Eisuke Yamamoto, MD,1 Chiaki Kamiya, MD,1 Emi Miura, MD,1 Tadashi Kitaoka, MD,1 Jun Suzuki, MD, PhD,1 Kota Yamamoto, MD, PhD,1 Juno Deguchi, MD, PhD,1 Morihiro Higashi, MD, PhD,2 Jun-ichi Tamaru, MD, PhD,2 and Osamu Sato, MD, PhD1 A 72 year-old man was admitted to the hospital to receive treatment for resting pain and an ulcer, which had developed on an amputation stump, 4 months after he had undergone a thrombectomy, below-the-knee popliteal-dorsal pedis artery bypass of his left leg, and digital amputation of his 2nd toe. Angiography demonstrated diffuse arterial and bypass occlusion in his left leg that did not include a sural artery, which was the main collateral. Therefore, the patient underwent reversed saphenous vein bypass from the common femoral artery to the medial sural artery. His leg pain disappeared, and the ulcer healed promptly. Keywords: sural artery bypass, perigenicular artery bypass, collateral artery bypass INTRODUCTION CASE REPORT evascularization is the primary option in the manage- A 72 year-old man, who had smoked for fifty years, Rment of critical limb ischemia. Previous studies have was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. He had suffered described bypass to the perigeniculate collateral arteries the thrombophlebitis of his left leg one year earlier and as an option for limb salvage in selected patients, such was admitted to the hospital to receive treatment for as in cases of extensive disease, previous failed endo- or coldness, cyanosis and severe rest pain in his leg and a open vascular attempts, lack of the usual crural arterial painful ulcer, measuring approximately 8 mm in diam- runoffs or autogenous substitutes being common scenar- eter, which had developed on the amputation stump of ios.1–7) However, the use of this bypass has been restricted the left 2nd toe.
    [Show full text]
  • Arteria Carotis Externa ACE External Carotid Artery
    Common carotid artery CCA External Carotid artery ECA Internal carotid artery, ICA Subclavian artery SA and veins Ivo Klepáček ´tooth ache´ Salisbury cathedrale Three vascular systems are finally formed: Intraembryonic (cardinal); aortic sac (later gives rise aortic arches) Vitelline (aa. + vv.) Development of the vascular Placental system (umbilical Day 27 aa. + vv.) 1st – maxillary artery 2nd – hyoid, stapedial aa. 3rd – common carotid a. and first part of the internal carotid a., external carotid a. 4th – part of the subclavian aa. some of intersegmental arteries Common carotid artery Anterolaterally – skin, fascia, sternocleidomastoid muscle, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, superior belly of the omohyoid Posteriorly – transverse process of the C4 vertebrae, prevertebral muscles, sympathetic trunk Medially – wall of the pharynx and larynx, trachea, esophagus, the lobe of the thyroid gland Laterally – the internal jugular vein, vagus nerve (posterolaterally) Fascia pretrachealis a ACC Pretracheal fascia and ACC Sympathetic plexus surrounding arteries comes from sympathetic trunk External carotid artery ECA Anterolaterally – sternocleidomastoid muscle, XII. nerve, within parotid gland is crossed by VII. nerve, fascia, skin Medially – wall of the pharynx, internal carotid artery, stylopharyngeus, pharyngeal branch of the vagus For head without orbit, inner ear and brain Internal jugular Styloid vein lies septum dorsally and laterally from internal carotid artery behind m. m. stylohyoideus and styloglossus External carotid artery lies ventrally
    [Show full text]
  • Arteries and Veins) of the Gastrointestinal System (Oesophagus to Anus)
    2021 First Sitting Paper 1 Question 07 2021-1-07 Outline the anatomy of the blood supply (arteries and veins) of the gastrointestinal system (oesophagus to anus) Portal circulatory system + arterial blood flow into liver 1100ml of portal blood + 400ml from hepatic artery = 1500ml (30% CO) Oxygen consumption – 20-35% of total body needs Arterial Supply Abdominal Aorta • It begins at the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm, anterior to the lower border of vertebra T7. • It descends to the level of vertebra L4 it is slightly to the left of midline. • The terminal branches of the abdominal aorta are the two common iliac arteries. Branches of Abdominal Aorta Visceral Branches Parietal Branches Celiac. Inferior Phrenics. Superior Mesenteric. Lumbars Inferior Mesenteric. Middle Sacral. Middle Suprarenals. Renals. Internal Spermatics. Gonadal Anterior Branches of The Abdominal Aorta • Celiac Artery. Superior Mesenteric Artery. Inferior Mesenteric Artery. • The three anterior branches supply the gastrointestinal viscera. Basic Concept • Fore Gut - Coeliac Trunk • Mid Gut - Superior Mesenteric Artery • Hind Gut - Inferior Mesenteric Artery Celiac Trunk • It arises from the abdominal aorta immediately below the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm anterior to the upper part of vertebra LI. • It divides into the: left gastric artery, splenic artery, common hepatic artery. o Left gastric artery o Splenic artery ▪ Short gastric vessels ▪ Lt. gastroepiploic artery o Common hepatic artery ▪ Hepatic artery proper JC 2019 2021 First Sitting Paper 1 Question 07 • Left hepatic artery • Right hepatic artery ▪ Gastroduodenal artery • Rt. Gastroepiploic (gastro-omental) artery • Sup pancreatoduodenal artery • Supraduodenal artery Oesophagus • Cervical oesophagus - branches from inferior thyroid artery • Thoracic oesophagus - branches from bronchial arteries and aorta • Abd.
    [Show full text]
  • PERIPHERAL VASCULATURE Average Vessel Diameter
    PERIPHERAL VASCULATURE Average Vessel Diameter A Trio of Technologies. Peripheral Embolization Solutions A Single Solution. Fathom™ Steerable Guidewires Total Hypotube Tip Proximal/ UPN Length (cm) Length (cm) Length (cm) Distal O.D. Hepatic, Gastro-Intestinal and Splenic Vasculature 24 8-10 mm Common Iliac Artery 39 2-4 mm Internal Pudendal Artery M00150 900 0 140 10 10 cm .016 in 25 6-8 mm External Iliac Artery 40 2-4 mm Middle Rectal M00150 901 0 140 20 20 cm .016 in 26 4-6 mm Internal Iliac Artery 41 2-4 mm Obturator Artery M00150 910 0 180 10 10 cm .016 in 27 5-8 mm Renal Vein 42 2-4 mm Inferior Vesical Artery 28 43 M00150 911 0 180 20 20 cm .016 in 15-25 mm Vena Cava 2-4 mm Superficial Epigastric Artery 29 44 M00150 811 0 200 10 10 cm pre-shaped .014 in 6-8 mm Superior Mesenteric Artery 5-8 mm Femoral Artery 30 3-5 mm Inferior Mesenteric Artery 45 2-4 mm External Pudendal Artery M00150 810 0 200 10 10 cm .014 in 31 1-3 mm Intestinal Arteries M00150 814 0 300 10 10 cm .014 in 32 Male 2-4 mm Superior Rectal Artery A M00150 815 0 300 10 10 cm .014 in 33 1-3 mm Testicular Arteries 1-3 mm Middle Sacral Artery B 1-3 mm Testicular Veins 34 2-4 mm Inferior Epigastric Artery Direxion™ Torqueable Microcatheters 35 2-4 mm Iliolumbar Artery Female 36 2-4 mm Lateral Sacral Artery C 1-3 mm Ovarian Arteries Usable 37 D UPN Tip Shape RO Markers 3-5 mm Superior Gluteal Artery 1-3 mm Ovarian Veins Length (cm) 38 2-4 mm Inferior Gluteal Artery E 2-4 mm Uterine Artery M001195200 105 Straight 1 M001195210 130 Straight 1 M001195220 155 Straight 1 Pelvic
    [Show full text]
  • Anomalies of the Portal Venous System in Dogs and Cats As Seen on Multidetector-Row Computed Tomography: an Overview and Systematization Proposal
    veterinary sciences Review Anomalies of the Portal Venous System in Dogs and Cats as Seen on Multidetector-Row Computed Tomography: An Overview and Systematization Proposal Giovanna Bertolini San Marco Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory, via dell’Industria 3, 35030 Veggiano, Padova, Italy; [email protected]; Tel.: +39-049-856-1098 Received: 29 November 2018; Accepted: 16 January 2019; Published: 22 January 2019 Abstract: This article offers an overview of congenital and acquired vascular anomalies involving the portal venous system in dogs and cats, as determined by multidetector-row computed tomography angiography. Congenital absence of the portal vein, portal vein hypoplasia, portal vein thrombosis and portal collaterals are described. Portal collaterals are further discussed as high- and low-flow connections and categorized in hepatic arterioportal malformation, arteriovenous fistula, end-to-side and side-to-side congenital portosystemic shunts, acquired portosystemic shunts, cavoportal and porto-portal collaterals. Knowledge of different portal system anomalies helps understand the underlying physiopathological mechanism and is essential for surgical and interventional approaches. Keywords: portal system; portal vein; portosystemic shunt; portal hypertension; computed tomography 1. Introduction The portal venous system is essential for the maintenance of the liver mass and function in mammals. The portal system collects blood from major abdominal organs (i.e., gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, spleen) delivering nutrients, bacteria and toxins from the intestine to the liver. In addition, the portal blood carries approximately from one-half to two-thirds of the oxygen supply to the liver and specific hepatotrophic factors [1,2]. The portal blood is detoxified by the hepatocytes and then delivered into the systemic circulation via the hepatic veins and caudal vena cava [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF File
    ONLINE FIRST This is a provisional PDF only. Copyedited and fully formatted version will be made available soon. ISSN: 0015-5659 e-ISSN: 1644-3284 Two cases of combined anatomical variations: maxillofacial trunk, vertebral, posterior communicating and anterior cerebral atresia, linguofacial and labiomental trunks Authors: M. C. Rusu, A. M. Jianu, M. D. Monea, A. C. Ilie DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2021.0007 Article type: Case report Submitted: 2020-11-28 Accepted: 2021-01-08 Published online: 2021-01-29 This article has been peer reviewed and published immediately upon acceptance. It is an open access article, which means that it can be downloaded, printed, and distributed freely, provided the work is properly cited. Articles in "Folia Morphologica" are listed in PubMed. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Two cases of combined anatomical variations: maxillofacial trunk, vertebral, posterior communicating and anterior cerebral atresia, linguofacial and labiomental trunks M.C. Rusu et al., The maxillofacial trunk M.C. Rusu1, A.M. Jianu2, M.D. Monea2, A.C. Ilie3 1Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania 2Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania 3Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania Address for correspondence: M.C. Rusu, MD, PhD (Med.), PhD (Biol.), Dr. Hab., Prof., Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroilor Sanitari Blvd., RO-76241, Bucharest, Romania, , tel: +40722363705 e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Background: Commonly, arterial anatomic variants are reported as single entities.
    [Show full text]
  • Variant Position of the Facial Nerve in Parotid Gland
    eISSN 1308-4038 International Journal of Anatomical Variations (2011) 4: 3–4 Case Report Variant position of the facial nerve in parotid gland Published online January 14th, 2011 © http://www.ijav.org Rajesh B. ASTIK ABSTRACT Urvi H. DAVE The division of the parotid gland into superficial and deep lobes by facial nerve has an important implication in parotid Krishna Swami GAJENDRA gland neoplasm. This plane is used in superficial or total parotidectomy to avoid damage to the facial nerve. During routine dissection in the Department of Anatomy, we found variably located facial nerve in the parotid gland of the left side. The main trunk of the facial nerve was located between maxillary vein and superficial temporal vein. It was divided into temporofacial and cervicofacial divisions. Both divisions crossed maxillary vein superficially instead Department of Anatomy, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry, District- East Godavari, of retromandibular vein which was formed outside the parotid gland substance. Andhra Pradesh, INDIA. The operating surgeon should be familiar with this variation during parotidectomy to reduce the iatrogenic injury to the facial nerve. © IJAV. 2011; 4: 3–4. Dr. Rajesh B. Astik Associate Professor Department of Anatomy GSL Medical College NH-5, Rajahmundry District- East Godavari. Andhra Pradesh, 533296, INDIA. +91 883 2484999 [email protected] Received July 15th, 2010; accepted January 4th, 2011 Key words [facial nerve] [parotid gland] [retromandibular vein] [total parotidectomy] Introduction vein superficially instead of the retromandibular vein. The The retromandibular vein is formed by union of the maxillary retromandibular vein was formed by union of maxillary and and superficial temporal veins in the parotid gland [1].
    [Show full text]
  • A Rare Variation of the Inferior Mesenteric Vein with Clinical
    CASE REPORT A rare variation of the inferior mesenteric vein with clinical implications Danielle Park, Sarah Blizard, Natalie O’Toole, Sheeva Norooz, Martin Dela Torre, Young Son, Michael McGuinness, Mei Xu Park D, Blizard S, O’Toole N, et al. A rare variation of the inferior the middle colic vein. The superior mesenteric vein then united with the mesenteric vein with clinical implications. Int J Anat Var. Mar 2019;12(1): splenic vein to become the hepatic portal vein. Awareness of this uncommon 024-025. anatomy of the inferior mesenteric vein is important in planning a successful gastrointestinal surgery. Several variations of the inferior mesenteric vein have been previously described. However, this report presents a rare variation that has not yet been noted. In this case, the small inferior mesenteric vein drained into a Key Words: Inferior mesenteric vein; Marginal vein; Middle colic vein; Superior tributary of the marginal vein, which joined the superior mesenteric vein via mesenteric vein INTRODUCTION he portal venous system consists of four large veins: the hepatic portal, Tsplenic (SV), superior mesenteric (SMV) and inferior mesenteric (IMV). The SMV collects the venous return from the small intestine, stomach, pancreas, cecum, ascending colon and proximal portion of the transverse colon. The SMV tributaries include the small intestine, right gastro-omental, inferior pancreaticoduodenal, ileocolic, right colic, middle colic (MCV) and marginal (MarV) veins. The IMV receives the blood from the superior rectal, sigmoid and left colic veins, which cover the distal portion of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon and superior rectum. According to the description by Thompson in 1890, the portal vein tributaries are categorized into four types [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Vessels and Circulation
    CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM OUTLINE 23.1 Anatomy of Blood Vessels 684 23.1a Blood Vessel Tunics 684 23.1b Arteries 685 23.1c Capillaries 688 23 23.1d Veins 689 23.2 Blood Pressure 691 23.3 Systemic Circulation 692 Vessels and 23.3a General Arterial Flow Out of the Heart 693 23.3b General Venous Return to the Heart 693 23.3c Blood Flow Through the Head and Neck 693 23.3d Blood Flow Through the Thoracic and Abdominal Walls 697 23.3e Blood Flow Through the Thoracic Organs 700 Circulation 23.3f Blood Flow Through the Gastrointestinal Tract 701 23.3g Blood Flow Through the Posterior Abdominal Organs, Pelvis, and Perineum 705 23.3h Blood Flow Through the Upper Limb 705 23.3i Blood Flow Through the Lower Limb 709 23.4 Pulmonary Circulation 712 23.5 Review of Heart, Systemic, and Pulmonary Circulation 714 23.6 Aging and the Cardiovascular System 715 23.7 Blood Vessel Development 716 23.7a Artery Development 716 23.7b Vein Development 717 23.7c Comparison of Fetal and Postnatal Circulation 718 MODULE 9: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM mck78097_ch23_683-723.indd 683 2/14/11 4:31 PM 684 Chapter Twenty-Three Vessels and Circulation lood vessels are analogous to highways—they are an efficient larger as they merge and come closer to the heart. The site where B mode of transport for oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hor- two or more arteries (or two or more veins) converge to supply the mones, and waste products to and from body tissues. The heart is same body region is called an anastomosis (ă-nas ′tō -mō′ sis; pl., the mechanical pump that propels the blood through the vessels.
    [Show full text]