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The Negative Impact of Nias Language Interference in Learning Indonesian Language

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The Negative Impact of Nias Language Interference in Learning Indonesian Language THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF NIAS LANGUAGE INTERFERENCE IN LEARNING INDONESIAN LANGUAGE Evi Eunike Mendrofa Fakultas Manajemen Pertahanan, Universitas Pertahanan email: [email protected] Abstract Most of people in the world and also Indonesian speakers are bilingualism, who use two languages; Indonesian and mother tongue. Commonly, both languages influence one another, which finally create a new phenomenon of language called interference of language. Interference of language is a form of an impact of mother tongue towards second language, which creates an error in the second language. The error occurs because the mother tongue language and the second language have different structure and different way in using the language. In this research, the writer finds out that the ability of someone in mastering the second language will always be influenced by the mother tongue. As a real case for Nias speakers, they make mistakes and errors when they speak in Indonesian, especially in phonological and grammatical structure. The mistake occurs because phonological and grammatical in their mother tongue are still used in second language, thus it makes the second language invalid in the way of norm and rule. From the result of the research, it can be concluded that Nias speakers interfere Indonesian in their daily conversation. The interference can be existed as a form of the impact of mother tongue to second language. In this research, there are three interferences of Nias speakers that have been found by the writer. First, Nias speakers omit the final consonant of words when speaking in Indonesian, it is because in Li Niha there is no final consonant of words but only final vowel. Second, Nias speakers also create a redundancy when they are speaking Indonesian, it is because they are usually add some words in their speech in order to emphasize their statement. Third, Nias language and Indonesian language have different structure in arranging sentences. Based on that difference, Nias speakers oftentimes invert the words in sentences. So, the writer concluded that all of these aspects are the aspect which influences Nias speakers to interfere the second language. Keywords: Sociolinguistics, Interference, Mother tongue, Bilingualism, Phonological, Grammatical structure.. Weinrich (1970: 64 – 65) states that 1. INTRODUCTION interference is a general problem that Most of Indonesian people are able to occurs in bilingualism. Therefore, some speak more than one language. It means problems exist about mastering the that Indonesian people are bilingualism. languages. The ability for mastering the 37 second language is often influenced by inevitably occur in any situation where mother tongue of the speaker. This kind of someone has not mastered a second case was called as an interference of language. languages. Interference of language appear 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK because of people who lack of fluency. For Bilingualism is a worldwide phenomenon. mastering the second language a person Most nations have speakers of more than will never be free from their first language, one language. A bilingual person is it means that the second language will be someone who speaks two languages. Many affected by the first language. This kind of bilingual speakers have learned their two interference case is experienced by languages at the same time, usually in early people’s mother tongue. childhood and as a result of family On the other hand, Lott (1983: 256) bilingualism. These people are called states that interference is also known as an simultaneous bilinguals. According to error effect on the production of the William F. Mackey (1970: 239) one of the language being learned. The effect can be most obvious effects of bilingualism is the on any aspects of language: grammar, interference of one of the bilingual vocabulary, accent, spelling and so on. It is languages with his use of the other. most often discussed as a source of errors There are 2 among the five types of (negative transfer), although where the Interference according to Jendra (1991: relevant feature of both languages is the 108): Phonological Interference & same, it results in correct language Syntactical Interference. production (positive transfer). The greater In phonological level, the problem the differences between the two languages, of interference concerns about the manner the more negative the effects of when a speaker produces or reproduces the interference are likely to be. It will sounds of one language to another 38 language. This interference occurs in the there is a consonant at the end of the word speech of bilingual as a result of the fact such as “kencan, masak, rapat, sesak, that there are different elements in sound jalan” etc. This difference influences Nias system between first language to the speaker when they speak in Indonesian, as second language and or between native a result they will omit the consonant in languages to the foreign languages. One of every end of the words. phonological interference in language is Second reason is, both languages omission of final consonant. This have the same phonetic features but they interference occurs in the speech of are different in their distribution, namely: bilingual as a result of the fact that there when and where they may occur in an are different elements in sound system utterance. Having a different distribution between first language and second in language will be brought when the language or between native languages to speaker speaks in his second language. the foreign languages. The errors occur Third reason is, both languages unintentionally in the time of speech and have similar sounds that have different as the result the speaker omit the final variants or allophones. Interference arises consonant of the words. when a bilingual speaker identifies a There are some reasons of the phoneme of one language in another interference existence. The first reason is language. For instance, an Indonesian the existence of a given sound in the latter, speaking English may pronounce bag as which is not found in the former. For [bæk] instead of [bæg]. This interference example : in Li Niha there is no consonant occurs because of the fact that /g/ never at the end of the word such as “hezo, arises in the final position of Indonesian mofano, manga, mondri, mangawuli,” etc, language words; so, /g/ is identified as /k/ meanwhile in Indonesian in some words in that position. In addition, he may replace 39 /v/ with /p/, /f/ with /p/; he may not use a language learned from birth. It is also /p/ with aspiration. In Li Niha they will called as first language, dominant pronounce the words correctly and language, home language, and native properly such as /kh/ and /z/: “akhir tongue (although these terms are not zaman” meanwhile in Indonesian speaker necessarily synonymous). Romaine (1989: they don’t mention /kh/ but it will be 12) says “Interference can be as a result of mention like /k/ “akir” and for the /z/ it will incomplete acquisition. Interference can be mention like /j/ “jaman. This case is occur when a bilingual starts to use the two also brought when Nias speaker speak languages he has acquired separately”. So, Indonesian, they will pronounce the words the mother tongue play role in first speaker correctly. when they learn the second language. The influence of native language interference can occur in different 3. RESEARCH METHOD situations while they are speaking. It is In this research, the writer uses a strongly believed that linguistic qualitative research because it is an interference is one of the fundamental appropriate method related with the difficulties faced by the learners of second project. languages. Judging by the experience we This research describes the can assume that problems are mainly interference cases in Li Niha to Indonesian caused by the lack of substantial language. The writer observed some knowledge of lexical and grammatical people from Nias who live in Semarang structures and aspects of the target and the writer also gather some data language. directly in location (Nias Island). As Mother tongue is a traditional term supporting data, the writer also takes some for a person's native language that is a 40 Nias songs. Therefore, in this chapter the The speaker interferes Indonesian by writer will explain further about the data. omitting the final consonant of words and The data are data recording and uses Nias says “sombo bange” and “bertema” and songs to show the reader the characteristic repeat again with omission “sombo – of Nias language. sombo bange”. In this conversation, the speaker has not mastered Indonesian yet In analyzing this research the and she is not used to speak Indonesian. writer use qualitative research because it is Even though, the speaker is trying to speak the most appropriate method related with Indonesian as fluent as possible but still the case. ended with omission. The speaker should 4. DISCUSSION pay more attention when there is a final consonant of words like “sombong banget” Phonological Interference and “berteman”. This case is supported by Omission of final consonant Nias song. Through this song, we can see Data 1 : if the word in Li Niha is never ended with “Mereka bila mmm liha si dian itu sombo a final consonant but always ended with a bange mereka engga mau bertema sama vowel. in Li Niha the phonemic form is kita lagi mereka sombo – sombo bange”. CVCV (consonant – vowel – consonant – In the sentence above, the speaker vowel) or VCV (vowel – consonant – omits the final consonant of words. The vowel), here are the following sample of speaker omits final consonant “ng” for words in Li Niha, uses Nias song : “sombo”, “t” for “bange” and “n” for Tanõ Niha banua somasido “bertema”. The words should be (Pulau Nias pulau yang ku cinta) “sombong” with final consonant of “ng”, Tanõ situmbu ya’o fõna “banget” with final consonant of “t” and (Tanah tempatku dilahirkan) “berteman” with final consonant of “n”.
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