DOCSLIB.ORG

Lingua, Jurnal Bahasa & Sastra, Volume 18, Nomor 2, Juni 2018

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lingua, Jurnal Bahasa & Sastra, Volume 18, Nomor 2, Juni 2018 LINGUA, JURNAL BAHASA & SASTRA, VOLUME 18, NOMOR 2, JUNI 2018 How Nias Sees English Personal Pronouns Used as Preposition Objects Ingatan Gulö 1) [email protected] Abstract: This paper was a part of study contrasting functions of Nias personal pronouns with those of English. While English have only two types of personal pronouns, the subjective and the objective cases, Nias has four, all of which are possible to be made subjects or objects. Thus, describing how both languages realise these functions is complex. To see how they work, personal pronouns in both languages were collected from short stories and analysedfrom the perspective of contrastive analysis. One of the main findings was that Nias renders English personal pronouns being objects of prepositions in more complex constructions; not using its personal pronouns. This paper, focusing on discussing those constructions and, by doing so, aimed to reveal an aspect of Nias linguistics in relation to that of English. Keywords: Nias, personal pronoun, Li Niha, preposition object Abstrak: Artikel ini adalah bagian dari riset yang mengontraskan fungsi kata ganti bahasa Nias dengan fungsi kata ganti bahasa Inggris. Sementara kata ganti dalam bahasa Inggris hanya terdiri dari dua kelompok, satu untuk subjek dan satu untuk objek, kata ganti bahasa Nias terdiri dari empat kelompok yang hampir semuanya dapat berfungsi sebagai subjek atau objek. Karena itu, mendeskripsikan bagaimana kedua bahasa merealisasikan fungsi-fungsi ini adalah kompleks. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, dikumpulkan data penggunaan kata ganti dalam kedua bahasa dari beberapa cerita pendek. Fungsi kata-kata ganti tersebut dianalisa dari perspektif linguistik kontrastif. Salah satu dari temuan utama adalah bahwa bahasa Nias merealisasikan kata ganti bahasa Inggris yang berfungsi sebagai objek preposisi dengan frasa-frasa yang kompleks, bukan dengan kata ganti. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan struktur frasa-frasa tersebut agar aspek bahasa Nias ini dapat dipahami dalam kaitannya dengan bahasa Inggris. Kata-kata kunci: bahasa Nias, kata ganti, Li Niha, objek preposisi 1) Lecturer of Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia Bandar Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia 147 148 LINGUA, JURNAL BAHASA & SASTRA, VOLUME 18, NOMOR 2, JUNI 2018 Compared to other languages, Nias question. In line with what has been language, known as Li Niha (literally: the underlined by other researchers (Nazara, language of people) by its native speakers, 2019; Suprayogi, 2019), the objective was is one of unique languages in the world to pose linguistic features of vernacular (Bauer, 2001, p. 538; Blust, 2013, p. 673; languages like Li Niha through a globally Brown, 2001, p. 39; Ladefoged & known linguistic structures like English Maddieson, 1996, p.133-134).Although its (Pandarangga, 2015). main unique features are more phonological and morphosyntactic, its personal pronouns Table 2. Nias Personal Pronouns& have also attracted the attention of Possessives researchers (Arka & Nazara, 2002; Brown, Free Bound Person/ 2001; Crysmann, 2009).While English Pos personal pronouns (Table 1) consist of only Number UP MP PP PS two types, the subjective case used for 1stSg ya’odo ndra’odo u- -do -gu subjects in sentences and the objective case nd used for objects including preposition 2 Sg ya’ugö ndra’ugö ö- -ö -u/-mö objects (Greenbaum & Nelson, 2002, 3rdSg ya’ia ia i- -nia ø p.100; Radford, 2004, p. 46; Quinn, 2005, exc. ya’aga ndra’aga ma- -ga -ma 1stPl p.24), Nias personal pronouns are more inc. ya’ita ita ta- ø -ga complex. nd 2 Pl ya’ami ami mi- -mi -mi Seen from Table 2 (Arka & Nazara, 3rd Pl ya’ira ira la- ø -ra 2002, p. 270; Brown, 2001, p. 42, 71), Nias has a pair of free personal pronouns and a pair of bound ones. Further, the free Among the findings, it was found out personal pronouns consist of mutated and that English personal pronouns used as unmutated forms while the bound ones objects of prepositions did not have one to consist pronominal prefixes and pronominal one relationship to those of the other suffixes. language. None of Nias personal pronouns were used to render those of English. Nias Table 1. English Personal Pronouns sees those simple constructions of English Case preposition phrases containing personal Person/ Subjective Objective pronouns with complex syntactic and Number semantic structures. Common possibilities st shown by the Nias data varied from using 1 Sg I me one to two prepositions and combined them nd 2 Sg You you two a possessive and sometimes with a fem. she her nounin it. These theoretically add to what 3rdSg mas. He him has been elaborated by a Nias researcher It it (Nazara, 2006) about the natures of common object in Nias. 1stPl We us nd 2 Pl You you METHOD 3rd Pl They Them Because the languages are not socio- culturally linked, they were studied from The study was thus done on the personal contrastive analysis perspective (Fisiak, pronouns of the two languages. How the 1985, p. 3; Gast, 2009, p. 1; Willems et al., functions of the four types of Nias personal 2003, p. 1). This method examines how a pronouns shown above in Table 2 rendered universal category X realized as Y in a those two types of English was the main language is rendered as Z in another Gulö, Personal Pronoun Used as Prepositional Objects 149 language and analyses the consequences of data being discussed. applying this to a given field. This centered personal pronouns as a language universal FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION present but realised differently in all From the data collected, there were languages. With this perspective, the way fifteen English prepositions found, each of personal pronouns used in both English and which was used with personal pronouns as Nias were examined. their objects with different amount of times. English data were obtained from a short After analysing and contrasted them to the story entitled The Seven Poor Travelers Nias data, it was found out that these (Dickens, 2005) and Nias data were phrases were equivalent to four groups of obtained from some short stories and different constructions in Nias, namely khö- writings posted on Niasonline.net (Halawa, possessive, preposition plus khö-possessive, 2013). The English data source was quite noun-possessive, and preposition plus long and more than enough data were noun-possessive. As seen in Table 3, four obtained from just the one. The Nias data English prepositions fall under Khö- sources, in contrary, were short, some of Posphrase, three under Prep + Khö-Pos, which were only one page long. There was five under N-Pos, and three under Prep N- no particular reason to choose the above Pos. English short story since data related to the use of English personal pronouns could be Table 3. Findings of obtained from many different sources. English Preposition vs Nias Equivalence Writings Nias languages, however, were English Nias still limited but from the ones used here Prepositions Equivalences have already been obtained enough data to to, with, in, for Khö-Pos arrive at the conclusion made. of, from, about Prep Khö-Pos Sentences employing personal pronouns before, behind, in front N-Pos were examined to find out how each type of of, under, above Nias personal pronouns was structurally among, beside, on Prep N-Pos and semantically equivalent to either those of English.After collectingEnglish personal As the English data discussed are pronouns being objects of prepositions, consistent, prepotition phrases with they were compared to those of Nias. This personal pronouns as their objects, the was done in two different ways. First, the findings are presented here based on the English phrases (or sentences) were above four of Nias construstions. English translated into Nias. By doing this, it was sentences are presented first under each found out how those prepositions were point in order to have the same perspective rendered into Nias. Second, Nias sentences on the Nias linguistic elements that follow. from short stories were examined to see the For abbreviations and symbols, notes are equivalentsof these translations and provided in the end of the article. contrasted back to those of English.While doing the two steps, the researcher also Khö-Possessive took notes for other possible usages. This In Nias, one of ways to understand means that although all of the English English personal pronouns being objects of prepositions containing personal pronouns prepositions is by using Nias preposition and the Nias constructions presented here khö-along with a possessive. It was found were found in the short stories, other that prepositions to, with, and inalong with examples were also given to enhance the the personal pronouns functioning as their 150 LINGUA, JURNAL BAHASA & SASTRA, VOLUME 18, NOMOR 2, JUNI 2018 objects fall into this khö-Pos construction. [5] It stayed with us the whole year. English sentences [1] and [2] below [6] Tola isausi niha bö’ö demonstrate the use of preposition to and personal pronouns as its objects. Mod PP.TV NP [1] I read it to him. can it.influence people other [2] She never addressed the word to It can influence other people you. sifariaŵö khöra. Following the preposition to above, Con.IV Pre.Pos objective cases him and you of English who-befriend with.their personal pronouns are used. Nias does not who are friends with them. use either free or bound personal pronouns as equivalent constructions for these The preposition phrase with us in [5] preposition phrases. It is the combination of above, in which the personal pronouns us preposition khö-, which literally means to, acts as the object of the preposition with, witha possessive which is used. This is grammatically corresponds to khöra in [6]. illustrated by two Nias sentences presented Again, the preposition khö- is bound to the below. possessive -ra‘their’ that follows.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lowalangi: from the Name of an Ethnic Religious Figure to the Name of God
    HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies ISSN: (Online) 2072-8050, (Print) 0259-9422 Page 1 of 6 Original Research Lowalangi: From the name of an ethnic religious figure to the name of God Author: This article shows the success of local cultural adaptation strategies in communicating the 1 Sonny E. Zaluchu gospel to people of the Nias ethnicity in North Sumatra, Indonesia. This adaptation is the Affiliation: name Lowalangi, the name of the god of the pre-Christian era, to become the name of God, 1Department of Theology, the creator and saviour of the world incarnated in the person of Jesus Christ. As a result, the Indonesia Baptist Theological use of this name was not limited to a translation process. Still, the whole concept of divinity for Seminary, Semarang, the Nias people was transferred and transformed into a Christian understanding. They know Indonesia him as Lowalangi, have faith in him and pray to him in that name. The author uses a Corresponding author: comparative analysis with other places in Indonesia. The author tries to establish parallelism Sonny Zaluchu, with methods used elsewhere, assuming that the methods used tend to be the same. [email protected] Contribution: Churches and Christians in Nias are strengthened in their beliefs by praying Dates: and mentioning Lowalangi’s name, which imparts the same faith quality as the biblical use of Received: 14 Nov. 2020 Accepted: 27 Feb. 2021 God’s personal name. This adaptation can be a strategy for introducing the gospel in Published: 20 Apr. 2021 missiology and church planting in response to local culture as a wealth that cannot be negated.
    [Show full text]
  • Originating Outside the Island, Westerners As Well As Non-Westerners, on the Other
    ACCULTURATION IN TANG NIHA (THE ISLAND OF NIAS)I James Danandj aj a University of Indonesia, Djakarta Acculturation on' Nias is discussed with special attention to religion and the role of missionaries as agents of change. The traditional social organization and religion are reviewed, followed by an examination of the processes of Dutch colonization and missionization by German Protest- ants. The role of an indigenous revitalization movement in the Christianization of Nias is dis- cussed at length. Finally, the Nias case is placed within a broader framework of acculturation and change. (acculturation, Christianity, colonial- ism, culture change, culture contact, Indonesia, Nias, religion, revitalization movements) I. INTRODUCTION The topic of this paper is acculturation on the island of Nias. Nias is a small island of 4,000 square kilometers, located off the west coast of Sumatra in the Republic of Indonesia. By acculturation I mean what Robert Redfield, Ralph Linton, and Melville J. Herskovits (1936) defined as: "Those phenomena which result when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous first-hand contact, with subsequent changes in the original cultural patterns of either or both groups." I shall discuss acculturation in terms of the culture of the indigenous people of Nias on the one hand, and the cultures of immigrants originating outside the island, Westerners as well as non-Westerners, on the other. The Westerners include Dutch and British colonial officers (civil as well as military) and German Protestant missionaries. The non-Westerners include other Indonesian ethnic groups, such as the Atjehnese traders and slavers, Minangkabau traders, Buginese migrants, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Vocal and Consonant PAN Features in Nias and Sigulai Languages
    International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture Available online at https://sloap.org/journals/index.php/ijllc/ Vol. 2, No. 4, November 2016, pages: 86~96 ISSN: 2455-8028 https://sloap.org/journals/index.php/ijllc/article/view/142 Vocal and Consonant PAN Features in Nias and Sigulai Languages Dwi Widayati a Article history: Abstract This paper aims at describing the features of vowels and PAN consonants in Received: 10 September 2016 Nias and Sigulai languages, as well as their comparison bit of Devayan Revised: 25 October 2016 Language. The three languages were used as objects for comparing between Approved: 27 October 2016 Nias and Sigulai language that was spoken in two different islands mastering Published: 1 November 2016 enough similarity compared Sigulai Language with Devayan Language although both (Sigulai and Devayan Language) performed on the same Keywords: island, i.e. Simeulue Island. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the vowels and PAN consonants degrade many forms and in different ways in Vocal Feature; derivatives language, i.e. languages of Nias, Sigulai, and Devayan. Nias Nias Languages; language and Sigulai language shows fairly closely than in the Devayan PAN Consonant; Language. That was the consonants features of the Austronesian language Sigulai Languages; and vowels can evidence its existence in Nias language and Sigulai language. Devayan Language; The qualitative evidence that could be concluded from the above comparison was: (1) the sound was inherited linearly *i is a vowel and * u * l * g consonant. (2) The sound experience is fading *s/*S, *c, *y, *k, *q, and *h; (3) sound inherited linearly once-fading and change was * e> ǝ, o, and u; * A> a, o; * P> f, b; * B> f, w / v; * M> m, Ø; *> W, b; * T> t, d; * D> d, l, n; * N> g, k; * R / * R> r, l, Ø; * Ɲ> ɲ, n; * Z> j, l; and * ŋ> ŋ, Ø.
    [Show full text]
  • Textual Analysis of Power of the Government of Indonesia and Aceh in the Helsinki Mou Rosaria Mita Amalia
    ISSN 1412-9655 Volume 17 (1), January 2019 Textual Analysis of Power of the Government of Indonesia and Aceh in the Helsinki MoU Rosaria Mita Amalia Javanese Varieties in Pringsewu Regency and Their Origins Suprayogi A Note on the Form and Use of the Language of Nias Wa’özisökhi Nazara Blended-Learning: The Responses from Non-English Students in the Indonesian Tertiary Context Fatimah Mulya Sari, Achmad Yudi Wahyudin An Analysis of Teacher’s Speech Acts in Teaching and Learning Process Widi Andewi, Winia Waziana Revisiting English Competence at Hotel Afrianto, Ingatan Gulö The Translation of English Passive Voice into Indonesian Herlina Lindaria Simanjuntak TEKNOSASTIK Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra TEKNOSASTIK journal is published on January and July every year. It presents articles on English language teaching and learning, linguistics, and literature. The contents include analysis, research report, application of theories, and material developments. Chief Editor Ingatan Gulö Editorial Team Laila Ulsi Qodriani M. Yuseano Kardiansyah Board of Reviewers Prof. Dr. Faridah Ibraim Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur Dr. Melly Ridaryanthi University College Sabah Foundation Dr. Rosaria Mita Amalia Universitas Padjadjaran Dr. Aslinda Universitas Andalas Akhyar Rido, Ph.D. Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia Editor and Administration Address: TEKNOSASTIK Publication Division, Arts and Education Faculty, Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia. Jalan H. Zainal Abidin Pagaralam No. 9-11. Kedaton, Bandar Lampung. Telephone (0721) 702022, 774061(hunting) 784945. E- mail <[email protected]> TEKNOSASTIK journal is published by Arts and Education Faculty, Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia. We invite articles that have never been previously published. Please see the guidelines for article contributions on the inside back cover of this journal.
    [Show full text]
  • Kekerabatan Kosa Kata Bahasa Karo, Bahasa Nias, Dan Bahasa Simalungun Di Kota Medan: Kajian Linguistik Historis Komparatif
    LINGUISTIKA, SEPTEMBER 2018 p-ISSN: 0854-9613 Vol. 26. No. 2 Kekerabatan Kosa Kata Bahasa Karo, Bahasa Nias, dan Bahasa Simalungun di Kota Medan: Kajian Linguistik Historis Komparatif Sherly Novita email: [email protected] Program Magister Linguistik, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia Dwi Widayati email: [email protected] Program Magister Linguistik, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia Abstrak Artikel ini berjudul “Kekerabatan Kosa Kata Bahasa Karo, Bahasa Nias, dan Bahasa Simalungun di Kota Medan: Kajian Linguistik Historis Komparatif”. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi hubungan kekerabatan antara ketiga bahasa tersebut. Terdapat 42 pasangan kata yang berkerabat antara Bahasa Karo (BK) dengan Bahasa Nias (BN), yaitu sebesar 21%; terdapat 73 pasangan kata yang berkerabat antara Bahasa Karo (BK) dengan Bahasa Simalungun (BS), yaitu sebesar 37%; terdapat 47 pasangan kata yang berkerabat antara Bahasa Nias (BN) dengan Bahasa Simalungun (BS), yaitu sebesar 24%. Dari jumlah persentase kekerabatan tersebut dikelompokkan bahwa BK dan BN adalah keluarga bahasa. Selanjutnya, dihitung waktu pisah kedua bahasa yang dibandingkan melalui rumusan W = log C / 2 log r. Hasilnya adalah 3,597. Artinya BK dan BN adalah bahasa yang berkerabat dan merupakan satu bahasa yang sama sekitar 3,597 tahun yang lalu atau sekitar tahun 1,578 Sebelum Masehi (dihitung dari tahun 2019) dan termasuk dalam tingkat bahasa serumpun (family of stock). BK dan BS adalah bahasa kerabat dan merupakan satu bahasa yang sama sekitar 2,290 tahun yang lalu atau sekitar tahun 271 SM (dihitung dari tahun 2019), sebelum akhirnya berpisah dan termasuk dalam tingkat bahasa sekeluarga (language of family). Lalu BN dan BS adalah Bahasa yang berkerabat dan berpisah sekitar 3,288 tahun yang lalu atau sekitar tahun 1,269 SM (dihitung dari tahun 2019), dan termasuk dalam tingkat bahasa serumpun (family of stock).
    [Show full text]
  • Tradition, Christianity, and the State in Understandings of Sickness and Healing in South Nias, Indonesia
    TRADITION, CHRISTIANITY, AND THE STATE IN UNDERSTANDINGS OF SICKNESS AND HEALING IN SOUTH NIAS, INDONESIA by Edward Peake Thesis submitted for degree of PhD Department of Anthropology London School of Economics University of London September 2000 UMI Number: U126970 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U126970 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 F 7202 7 3 8 3 9 % ABSTRACT TRADITION, CHRISTIANITY, AND THE STATE: UNDERSTANDINGS OF SICKNESS AND HEALING IN SOUTH NIAS, INDONESIA The thesis describes the range of south Nias villagers' understandings of sickness and healing, and investigates how and why they draw on various cultural spheres in the interpretation and management of sickness events. Traditional notions of sickness etiology are set in the context of both Christian beliefs and the state's efforts to promulgate modem, 'scientific' understandings, in order to show how sociologically distinguished individuals draw variously at different times and contexts on all three fields of sickness interpretation and management. The thesis begins with a history of Nias relations with the outside world, in order to delineate the genealogy of modem Indonesian attitudes to local culture.
    [Show full text]
  • The Interculturation of Catholic Mission and Nias Traditional Arts with Special Respect to Music Thoma
    A SONG FOR LOWALANGI – THE INTERCULTURATION OF CATHOLIC MISSION AND NIAS TRADITIONAL ARTS WITH SPECIAL RESPECT TO MUSIC THOMAS MARKUS MANHART (MA, Passau University) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY SOUTHEAST ASIA STUDIES PROGRAMME NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2004 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people have contributed to the realization of this research project. I owe them my deep gratitude. On top of the list are all the Niassan people who have shared information with me about their culture, their history and their thoughts and sentiments. A researcher’s success is highly dependant on the access he is granted by the local people to a region. My Niassan friends made Nias feel like a second home to me, and my connection to Nias has far exceeded the limits of mere research during the last six years. For a participating observer, the host institution and its members are vital sources of information and contacts as well as a personal environment for research in an initially foreign environment. My thanks go to the Order of the Capuchins on Nias and all monks and nuns, as well as to the staff of the museum in Gunungsitoli for their tolerance, hospitality, helpfulness and friendship long after the field research stage. My most heartfelt thanks, however, go to the children of the orphanage in Gidö and the home for handicapped children in Fodo. They were the first reason I went to Nias for my social internship during my studies in Germany in 1998; they are the reason why I wanted to return to Nias and take up my studies, and they are the reason why now, after this work has been completed, I still have not have enough of Nias.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 the Background of the Study Li Niha Or
    CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Background of the Study Li Niha or Nias language as one of hundreds of Indonesian vernacular is an Austronesian language spoken on Nias Island and the Batu Islands off the west coast of Swnatra. It belongs to the Northwest Swnatran subgroup which also includes Mentawai and Batak languages. Li Niha is spoken in three different dialects, namely si fabada '6 (Northern dialect), si fabagandr6 (Central dialect) and sifabah6'6 (Southern dialect). The Southern dialect of Li Niha is used by the people in Teluk Dalarn, Fanayama, Toma, Maenarnolo, Pulau-Pulau Batu and Hibala sub districts; whereas Central dialect is spoken in Gomo, LOlowa'u, Lolomatua and Aramo sub districts; and Northern dialect covers Gunungsitoli, Mandrehe, Lolofitwnoi, Tube Mberua, Gido and Idano Gawo sub districts. Any language in the world tends to change which might be in the forms of lexical, morphological, syntactical, semantic, and pragmatic changes. Specifically, lexical change is manifested in every single of lexical classes of a language, such as noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, and inteJjection. A case oflexical change in Li Niha is the word o/6, a plantation in the mountain in which the irrigation is not available or needed. It is regarded one of lexical losses of Southern dialect of Li Niha because it is not practiced anymore. Another empirical exemplification is suti (injection) which is categorized as a 2 noun becomes a verb which means "persuade to do bad thing". This phenomenon, which is caused by the metaphorical application, is called as semantic change due to its lexical class movement from noun to verb.
    [Show full text]
  • The Negative Impact of Nias Language Interference in Learning Indonesian Language
    THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF NIAS LANGUAGE INTERFERENCE IN LEARNING INDONESIAN LANGUAGE Evi Eunike Mendrofa Fakultas Manajemen Pertahanan, Universitas Pertahanan email: [email protected] Abstract Most of people in the world and also Indonesian speakers are bilingualism, who use two languages; Indonesian and mother tongue. Commonly, both languages influence one another, which finally create a new phenomenon of language called interference of language. Interference of language is a form of an impact of mother tongue towards second language, which creates an error in the second language. The error occurs because the mother tongue language and the second language have different structure and different way in using the language. In this research, the writer finds out that the ability of someone in mastering the second language will always be influenced by the mother tongue. As a real case for Nias speakers, they make mistakes and errors when they speak in Indonesian, especially in phonological and grammatical structure. The mistake occurs because phonological and grammatical in their mother tongue are still used in second language, thus it makes the second language invalid in the way of norm and rule. From the result of the research, it can be concluded that Nias speakers interfere Indonesian in their daily conversation. The interference can be existed as a form of the impact of mother tongue to second language. In this research, there are three interferences of Nias speakers that have been found by the writer. First, Nias speakers omit the final consonant of words when speaking in Indonesian, it is because in Li Niha there is no final consonant of words but only final vowel.
    [Show full text]
  • 4.Format.Hum- SYNTAXES of NIAS LANGUAGE in PERSPECTIVE
    IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature (IMPACT: IJRHAL) ISSN (P): 2347-4564; ISSN (E): 2321-8878 Vol. 5, Issue 11, Nov 2017, 33-44 © Impact Journals SYNTAXES OF NIAS LANGUAGE IN PERSPECTIVE SIAMIR MARULAFAU Reserch Scholar, Jalan Universitas Nomor, USU Padang Bulan ABSTRACT This writing is about “Syntaxes of Nias Language in Perspective”, that describes the varieties and the forms of syntaxes of Nias language of, how it is formed and its system formulated as basic cases, to be analyzed.In the case of solving the problems, the writer used the theory of P.H. Mathew, related to the topic being discussed in relation to the system. The method used in this scientific writing is descriptive qulitative method,which describes and gives description of syntaxes, used in Nias language.This findings indicate that, the syntaxes of Nias language can be described in the forms of words,patterns and become sentences in Nias language. KEYWORDS : Syntax, Form, Pattern INRODUCTION Every language in the world has different patterns and the use of the language, depends on the use of the language in societies.The patterns of Indoesian language, English and other languages have different forms, as the patterns of Nias language as well.The improvement of Regional language, such as Nias language is not only to keep up the existence of the language itself, but to give the function for the developer and users of Indonesian language regarding, as a national language that may not be separated from one with another because, both of them have a very close relation.
    [Show full text]
  • Verbal Characteristics in Gunung Sitoli Dialect of Nias Language
    International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Online ISSN: 2349-4182, Print ISSN: 2349-5979 Impact Factor: RJIF 5.72 Received: 08-12-2017; Accepted: 12-01-2018 www.allsubjectjournal.com Volume 5; Issue 1; January 2018; Page No. 24-29 Verbal characteristics in gunung sitoli dialect of nias language Siamir Marulafau Faculty of Cultural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia Abstract This paper is aimed at discussing verbal characteristics in Nias language focusing on the morphology and syntax. This findings indicate that the verbal morphology is done through the process of affixation, reduplication and composition, and while the syntactic characteristics of verbs can be based on intransitive and transitive verb. It is concluded that the verbal process classified is carried out through inransitive and transitive verbs. Intransive verbs go together with affixes or without affixes, and with verbs undergoing the reduplication. Transitive verb is also accompanied with affixes and reduplication. Thus, the meaning of affixes can be different with prefixes, suffixes, infixes, and simulfixes. The meaning of reduplication is also influenced by repetition of the basic form of the words. Keywords: verbal morphology, reduplication, composition, gunung sitoli, dialect, nias 1. Introduction classification. Every language in the world, such as Bahasa Indonesia, English, or Nias language (NL), has different characteristics. This paper brings linguistic issue on the NL which is spoken by Nias people who live in Nias island (NI) and becomes their cultural property as well as Indonesian richness as stated in 1945 Indonesian constitution, Chapter XV: 36 (Maksum 2000: 43) [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Wardah Hasanah.Pdf
    FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION OF CHILDREN 3-6 YEARS IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS SKRIPSI Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan (S.Pd) English Education Program By WARDAH HASANAH 1502050003 FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2019 ABSTRAK Wardah Hasanah, 1502050003. First Language Acquisition Of Childrend 3-6 Years In Rural And Urban Area (Psycholinguistics). English Department of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University Muhammadiyah of North Sumatera. Medan 2019 This research discusses first language acquisition of children 3-6 years in rural and urban areas. The purpose of this research to describe the first language of children in urban and rural areas. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, because this study provides a picture of language acquisition research in children in rural and urban areas. technique of collecting data in this research is observation, interview, and recording. Technique of analysis data in this research is classifying, analyzing, and discribing . In conclusion, first language acquisition of children in urban area, almost all children in urban area not use first languages or regional language in their family, 12 of children in urban area, the researchers do not get one of the child who can use first language, so 100% of children in urban area use a second language (indonesian language) as their first language. While first language of children in rural area, of the 12 children become object of research, only 8 children used the first language (mother tongue) because the environment in rural area is more flat with the same ethnic group, while 4 children again use common language (second language) as their first language, because of the certain factors, such as the different tribes between father and mother, environmental factors, and factors from parents as well.
    [Show full text]