Rafael Jordan De Andrade Campos Os Três Vértices Do

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Rafael Jordan De Andrade Campos Os Três Vértices Do Rafael Jordan de Andrade Campos Os Três Vértices do Triângulo Rosa: uma análise da relação entre Estado-Nação, sexualidade e genocídio Dissertação de Mestrado Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre pelo Programa de Pós- graduação em Relações Internacionais do Instituto de Relações Internacionais da PUC-Rio. Orientadora: Profa. Paula Drumond Rangel Campos Rio de Janeiro Novembro 2019 Rafael Jordan de Andrade Campos Os Três Vértices do Triângulo Rosa: uma análise da relação entre Estado-Nação, sexualidade e genocídio Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre pelo Programa de Pós- graduação em Relações Internacionais da PUC-Rio. Aprovada pela Comissão Examinadora abaixo. Profa. Paula Drumond Rangel Campos Orientadora Instituto de Relações Internacionais – PUC-Rio Profa. Paula Orrico Sandrin Instituto de Relações Internacionais – PUC-Rio Prof. Emerson Maione de Souza Instituto de Relações Intermacionais e Defesa - UFRJ Prof. Jimmy Casas Klausen Instituto de Relações Internacionais – PUC-Rio Rio de Janeiro, 28 de novembro de 2019 Todos os direitos reservados. É proibida a reprodução total ou parcial do trabalho sem autorização da universidade, do autor e da orientadora. Rafael Jordan de Andrade Campos Graduou-se em Direito pela Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) em 2016. Cursou um semestre de intercâmbio acadêmico na Università degli studi di Camerino (UNICAM), na Itália. Possui interesse nas áreas de segurança internacional, genocídios, gênero e sexualidade na política internacional, direito internacional, conflitos contemporâneos, mobilidade internacional, direitos humanos, e teoria das Relações Internacionais. Ficha Catalográfica Campos, Rafael Jordan de Andrade Os três vértices do triângulo rosa: uma análise da relação entre Estado-Nação, sexualidade e genocídio / Rafael Jordan de Andrade Campos ; orientadora: Paula Drumond Rangel Campos. – 2019. 303 f. : il. color. ; 30 cm Dissertação (mestrado)–Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Relações Internacionais, 2019. Inclui bibliografia CDD: 327 1. Relações Internacionais – Teses. 2. Genocídio. 3. Sexualidade. 4. Gênero. 5. Holocausto. 6. Estado-Nação. I. Campos, Paula Drumond Rangel . II. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Relações Internacionais. III. Título. A todos aqueles impedidos pelo Estado de sentir o que é amar. Àqueles para quem o mundo constantemente fecha os olhos e cujas vozes ainda permanecem inaudíveis. Agradecimentos Agradeço à CAPES, instituição fundamental para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa científica do país, sem a qual não teria tido a oportunidade de realizar este mestrado e aprender tanto sobre a política internacional, e o mundo de forma geral – sobretudo sobre o lugar que ocupo nele. Agradeço também à Vice-Reitoria Acadêmica da PUC-Rio pela isenção concedida durante os dois anos de mestrado, sem a qual não teria tido condições de concluir esta pesquisa. Agradeço à minha orientadora Paula Drumond Rangel Campos pela orientação durante o processo de construção dos contornos do projeto de qualificação e desta dissertação, pelas recomendações de bibliografia e pela oportunidade de lecionar sobre Gênero e Holocausto e Genocídio Estrutural durante o estágio docência. Agradeço também, e especialmente, pela leitura sempre cuidadosa e crítica deste trabalho final, mostrando-me que eu poderia dar tudo de mim nesta empreitada. Agradeço também aos comentários e insights que obtive quando apresentei uma versão ainda preliminar deste trabalho em seminários na UERJ, na USP e na PUC-Rio. Espaços para divulgação científica e debates críticos construtivos são fundamentais para a motivação pessoal e para o aprofundamento das pesquisas, especialmente tendo em vista os ataques recentes que as ciências e o pensamento científico têm sofrido. Agradeço aos professores e professoras do Instituto que tanto agregaram à minha formação acadêmica, especialmente Paula Sandrin, Mônica Herz, Roberto Yamato, Marta Fernandez, Paulo Esteves, Maíra Siman, Isabel Rocha, Jana Tabak, Bruno Magalhães e Kai Michael Kenkel. Suas aulas foram constantes viagens de (re)descobrimento da política, do internacional e, particularmente, do papel crítico que todos temos para com eles. Agradeço também aos meus companheiros de turma que traçaram esta caminhada comigo desde o primeiro dia: Ana Carolina Macedo, Flávia Belmont, Franco Alencastro, Gabriel Gama, Guilherme Andrade, Luisa Fenizola, Marina Sertã e Natalia Neubern. Foi um prazer enorme ter dividido estes dois anos com vocês, debatendo e discutindo sobre as Relações Internacionais, tanto em sala de aula quanto fora dela. Às minhas estimadas Aline Rangel, Antonella Zugliani e Thais Vivacqua: o suporte e a amizade de vocês foram (e são) fundamentais. Aline, obrigado pelas tardes, noites e madrugadas discutindo de pós-estruturalismo a Lacan, até o sol nascer em Copacabana. Thais, obrigado pelo constante companheirismo e pelos momentos de discussão intelectual compartilhados durante diversos seminários, palestras e afins – que adoramos participar. Antonella, obrigado pela companhia sempre leve e pela preocupação constante com o meu bem-estar. Ao meu querido companheiro e primeiro leitor, João Vitor Oliveira Rodrigues, que com muita paciência e amor me acompanhou nos melhores e piores dias de construção deste trabalho: muito obrigado. Por cada noite em claro comigo, cada discussão sobre política, epistemologias e filosofia da ciência e, principalmente, por cada vez que escutou atentamente minhas indagações, inseguranças e incertezas. Seu abraço reconfortante e sua parceria foram essenciais. Ao meu caro amigo, Luiz Carlos Silva Faria Jr., que de colega de trabalho na graduação se tornou um amigo cada vez mais presente, e com quem pude contar nos momentos de ansiedade e preocupação acadêmicas. Agradeço também aos amigos e amigas, que embora não tenham tido um papel particularmente direto na escrita deste trabalho, são presenças essenciais na minha vida e, apesar da minha distância devido à dedicação dos últimos meses, sei que sempre estão lá por mim, especialmente: Ana Fiuza, Diogo Ferraz, Érika Dantas, Guilherme Veiga, José Alfredo, Karla Glatzl, Laíssa Dau, Marina Giovanetti, Marina Santos, Paula Januzzi, Roberto Nascimento, Sarah Salles e Victor Labaki. Não posso de forma alguma deixar de agradecer a todas as pessoas que – mesmo invisíveis ou cujo nome eu desconheça – dedicam seu tempo e, consequentemente, sua vida pela ciência e pelos estudantes deste país. Especialmente aos funcionários da biblioteca da PUC-Rio e do BRICS Policy Center – meus refúgios constantes de reflexão, leitura e trabalho nesta cidade maravilhosa – meus mais sinceros agradecimentos. Agradeço, por fim, ao meu pai Vicente, e aos demais membros da minha família que são capazes de – mesmo sem entender ou concordar com tudo que faço – acreditar em mim e nas minhas escolhas. “O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Código de Financiamento 001.” Resumo Campos, Rafael Jordan de Andrade; Campos, Paula Drumond Rangel. Os Três Vértices do Triângulo Rosa: Uma análise da relação entre Estado-Nação, Sexualidade e Genocídio. Rio de Janeiro, 2019. 303 p. Dissertação de Mestrado – Instituto de Relações Internacionais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. Esta dissertação discute as bases heteronormativas do Estado-Nação que permitem a consolidação do critério de orientação sexual como fundamento para perseguição e genocídio. A partir de uma alegoria com o símbolo utilizado na identificação de homossexuais nos campos de concentração nazistas, o Estado-Nação, a sexualidade e o genocídio constituem os três vértices condutores desta pesquisa. A metodologia adotada baseia-se na “curiosidade intelectual queer” proposta por Cynthia Weber (2016), a partir da qual a dissertação busca esclarecer a íntima relação entre processos genocidas e o papel exercido pela sexualidade e pelo gênero na linguagem disciplinar coletiva de (re)produção do Estado Nacional enquanto forma de organização política. O argumento principal é de que, baseada neste modelo, a centralização da autoridade política soberana idealiza a homogeneidade nacional a partir, também, de critérios ligados ao gênero e à sexualidade. Buscando alcançá-la, os Estados são capazes de empreender práticas de violência e genocídio para com os sujeitos desviantes, através de processos de homogeneização patológica (RAE, 2002). A partir de uma contextualização final com um estudo de caso histórico do genocídio de homossexuais durante o regime nazista (1933-1945), analisa-se como sistemas normativos ligados ao gênero e à sexualidade foram inextricáveis da construção da homossexualidade como ameaça ao Estado-Nação alemão – antes, durante e após o período do genocídio propriamente. Tendo em vista estas continuidades e a persistência de atos violentos contra sujeitos sexualmente desviantes, aponta-se para a possível presença de um continuum genocida (SCHEPER-HUGHES, 2007) heteronormativo na política internacional contemporânea. Palavras-chave Genocídio; Sexualidade; Gênero; Holocausto; Estado-Nação. Abstract Campos, Rafael Jordan de Andrade; Campos, Paula Drumond Rangel (Advisor). The Three Vertices of the Pink Triangle: An analysis of the relationship between Nation-State, Sexuality and Genocide. 2019. Rio de Janeiro, 2019. 303 p. Dissertação de Mestrado – Instituto de Relações Internacionais, Pontifícia Universidade
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