Una Frontera Oblidada. Atacs I Desembarcaments De Corsaris Nord-Africans a Catalunya, València I Balears
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The Turkish Diaspora in Europe Integration, Migration, and Politics
GETTY GEBERT IMAGES/ANDREAS The Turkish Diaspora in Europe Integration, Migration, and Politics By Max Hoffman, Alan Makovsky, and Michael Werz December 2020 WWW.AMERICANPROGRESS.ORG Contents 1 Introduction and summary 4 Key findings 9 Detailed findings and country analyses 34 Conclusion 37 About the authors and acknowledgments 38 Appendix: Citizenship laws and migration history in brief 44 Endnotes Introduction and summary More than 5 million people of Turkish descent live in Europe outside Turkey itself, a human connection that has bound Turkey and the wider European community together since large-scale migration began in the 1960s.1 The questions of immigra- tion, citizenship, integration, assimilation, and social exchange sparked by this migra- tion and the establishment of permanent Turkish diaspora communities in Europe have long been politically sensitive. Conservative and far-right parties in Europe have seized upon issues of migration and cultural diversity, often engaging in fearmonger- ing about immigrant communities and playing upon some Europeans’ anxiety about rapid demographic change. Relations between the European Union—as well as many of its constituent member states—and Turkey have deteriorated dramatically in recent years. And since 2014, Turks abroad, in Europe and elsewhere around the world, have been able to vote in Turkish elections, leading to active campaigning by some Turkish leaders in European countries. For these and several other reasons, political and aca- demic interest in the Turkish diaspora and its interactions -
3 TERRITORIOS POR DESCUBRIR 2 3 “Tres Territoris, Una Mateixa Terra”
3 TERRITORIOS POR DESCUBRIR 2 3 “Tres Territoris, una mateixa Terra” Matarraña, Els Ports y Terra Alta son una de las mejores apuestas para el turismo de interior Matarraña (Teruel), Els Ports (Castellón) y Terra Alta (Tarragona) son tres territorios con una cultura, unas tradiciones, unos paisajes, unos productos agroalimentarios y una forma de vida muy parecidas. Su patrimonio natural y arquitectónico es espectacular: el macizo de los Puertos, las poblaciones amuralladas, los campos culti- vados, las tradiciones centenarias, la cultura del vino... En épocas pasadas, los tres terri- torios estaban unidos por lazos comerciales, con rutas que comenzaban en el interior y llegaban hasta el Mediterráneo. El intercam- bio comercial se producía en las ferias, que suponían el punto de encuentro entre sus habitantes, quienes compartían tradiciones, JDVWURQRPtD \ HQ GH¿QLWLYD XQD IRUPD GH vida. En la actualidad, los tres territorios si- guen unidos y tienen mucho que ofrecer a quienes vienen atraídos por la autenticidad de las tierras de frontera: su paisaje medite- rráneo, sus peculiares tradiciones, su riqueza monumental, sus recetas de antaño y su his- toria en común. Matarraña Els Ports Terra Alta Comarca del Matarraña / Matarranya 2¿FLQDGH7XULVPRGH0RUHOOD &RQVHOO&RPDUFDOGHOD7HUUD$OWD Av. Cortes de Aragón, 7 · Valderrobres · Teruel Plaza San Miguel · 12300 Morella · Castellón C/Bassa d’en Gaire,1 · 43780 Gandesa · Tarragona 978 890 860 · [email protected] 964 17 30 32 · [email protected] 977 42 00 18 · [email protected] comarcamatarranya.es ZZZHOVSRUWVHVZZZPRUHOODWXULVWLFDFRP www.terra-alta.org La riqueza patrimonial del Matarraña es destacable. NDM Visitar Morella es viajar a un pasado espectacular. -
Official General Report on Northern Iraq (April 2000) Contents Page
Official general report on Northern Iraq (April 2000) Contents Page 1. Introduction 4 2. Information on the country 6 2.1. Basic facts 6 2.1.1. Country and people 6 2.1.2. History 8 2.2. System of government 17 2.3. Political developments 20 2.3.1. Internal relations 20 2.3.2. External forces 31 2.4. Security situation 36 2.5. Social and economic situation 48 2.6. Conclusions 53 3. Human rights 55 3.1. Safeguards 55 3.1.1. Constitution 55 3.1.2. Other national legislation 55 3.1.3. Conventions 56 3.2. Monitoring 56 3.3. Respect and violations 58 3.3.1. Freedom of opinion 58 3.3.2. Freedom of association and of assembly 59 3.3.3. Freedom of religion 60 3.3.4. Freedom of movement 73 3.3.5. Judicial process 83 3.3.6. Arrest and detention 84 3.3.7. Maltreatment and torture 87 3.3.8. Extra-judicial executions and murders 87 10804/00 dre/LG/mc 2 DG H I EN 3.3.9. Death penalty 87 3.4. Position of specific groups 88 3.4.1. Turkmens 88 3.4.2. Staff of international organisations 91 3.4.3. Conscripts, deserters and servicemen 96 3.4.4. Independent intellectuals and journalists 98 3.4.5. Prominent political activists 99 3.4.6. Fayli Kurds 99 3.4.7. Women 101 3.4.8. Orphaned minors 104 3.5. Summary 104 4. Refugees and displaced persons 106 4.1. Motives 106 4.2. -
Turkmen of Iraq
Turkmen of Iraq By Mofak Salman Kerkuklu 1 Mofak Salman Kerkuklu Turkmen of Iraq Dublin –Ireland- 2007 2 The Author Mofak Salman Kerkuklu graduated in England with a BSc Honours in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from Oxford Brookes University and completed MSc’s in both Medical Electronic and Physics at London University and a MSc in Computing Science and Information Technology at South Bank University. He is also a qualified Charter Engineer from the Institution of Engineers of Ireland. Mr. Mofak Salman is an author of a book “ Brief History of Iraqi Turkmen”. He is the Turkmeneli Party representative for both Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom. He has written a large number of articles that were published in various newspapers. 3 Purpose and Scope This book was written with two clear objectives. Firstly, to make an assessment of the current position of Turkmen in Iraq, and secondly, to draw the world’s attention to the situation of the Turkmen. This book would not have been written without the support of Turkmen all over the world. I wish to reveal to the world the political situation and suffering of the Iraqi Turkmen under the Iraqi regime, and to expose Iraqi Kurdish bandits and reveal their premeditated plan to change the demography of the Turkmen-populated area. I would like to dedicate this book to every Turkmen who has been detained in Iraqi prisons; to Turkmen who died under torture in Iraqi prisons; to all Turkmen whose sons and daughters were executed by the Iraqi regime; to all Turkmen who fought and died without seeing a free Turkmen homeland; and to the Turkmen City of Kerkuk, which is a bastion of cultural and political life for the Turkmen resisting the Kurdish occupation. -
A Xodos, Per Dalt De Les Cases... Miquel Gómez I Garcés
A Xodos, per dalt de les cases... Miquel Gómez i Garcés Sortilegis: accions tendents a utilitzar els poders dels esperits amb mitjans ocults als profans Unes notes sobre les cobertes de Xodos L PATRIMONI CULTURAL de les nostres comarques és ric en molts aspectes. Les darreres dècades, des que la gent ha començat a (re)tornar als seus Epobles, i mamprén la reforma dels seus habitatges, la transformació de la façana urbana –i la coberta– de cada població ha encetat un ràpid camí de destrucció del seu patrimoni arquitectònic, constructiu i cultural, la qual cosa cal entendre que ha estat motivada per manca d’informació i de transmissió oral de tot un bagatge cultural centenari. I, ara, aquest patrimoni caldria recuperar-lo procurant la protecció d’aquells elements materials els quals la seua pervivència sembla que serà de curta durada; ens referim a dos elements que han passat de ser visibles i amb una funció definida de protecció de la llar a estar amagats, tapats o directament suprimits: el ràfec pintat (ràfec, ràfel, volada, aler...) i que conduïa l’aigua de la coberta al carrer, i els espantabruixes situats als extrems més elevats de la coberta. Les cobertes de teula –ja se sap– esdevenien elements constructius importants quan la pluja era habitual –hi havia la necessitat d’enviar l’aigua ràpidament fora de la casa– i les actuals tècniques impermeabilitzants eren poc usuals. Ara, amb allò dels materials de nova tecnologia (plàstics, PVC, planxes metàl·liques...) 1 les cobertes inclinades de teula resten un element quasi històric, quan no directament antic i inútil (ara pertoca la coberta plana on posar la rentadora i la zona d’estendre la roba, en substitució de la falsa, el més amunt, l’andana), i les volades ja no són necessàries. -
Muslims in Spain, 1492–1814
chapter 1 Muslims in Europe, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries The Muslim presence in Central and Western Europe during the sixteenth, sev- enteenth, and eighteenth centuries was greater than had been thought, at least up to a few years ago. Eastern Europe, of course, was an entirely different case, especially in the Balkans, ruled by the Ottoman Empire – though it began to lose territory in the 1700s – and in large regions of southeastern Europe that were gradually absorbed into the Russian Empire. In certain areas of these ter- ritories Muslims either ruled or formed a majority, while in others they were a significant minority. Nor did they disappear from Balkan lands altogether, for there are still nuclei of Muslim populations outside the small area of European Turkey, as well as in much of southern Russia. We shall not be concerned with those cases here, however, since they are substantially different from those of Western Europe.1 As to Central and Western Europe, it has been and to some extent con- tinues to be thought that the Muslim presence in the Early Modern peri- od was scarce and brief, and therefore insignificant.2 But recent research has proved that it was much more significant than has been acknowledged until now. The step from seeing Muslims as a groupe invisible to regarding them as étrangers familiers represents a significant advance in our under- standing of the matter. We now have monographs on a considerable swath of European territory that show a good number of Muslims either visiting or living there for varying periods of time and many different reasons.3 We also have overall views for a few countries, particularly France,4 Great 1 Planhol, Les nations du Prophète/ Las naciones del Profeta; Mantran, Histoire de l’Empire musulman. -
Alfabético Poblacion Municipios Prov. Castellón
ALFABÉTICO POBLACION MUNICIPIOS PROV. CASTELLÓN A 01-01-2011 TOTAL 12000 Total provincial Nº Orden 604.344 1 12002 Aín 141 2 12003 Albocàsser 1.443 3 12004 Alcalà de Xivert 8.175 4 12005 Alcora, l' 10.856 5 12006 Alcudia de Veo 229 6 12007 Alfondeguilla 881 7 12008 Algimia de Almonacid 315 8 12009 Almazora/Almassora 25.945 9 12010 Almedíjar 306 10 12011 Almenara 6.102 11 12901 Alquerías del Niño Perdido 4.433 12 12012 Altura 3.924 13 12013 Arañuel 196 14 12014 Ares del Maestrat 206 15 12015 Argelita 96 16 12016 Artana 1.990 17 12001 Atzeneta del Maestrat 1.367 18 12017 Ayódar 212 19 12018 Azuébar 376 20 12020 Barracas 198 21 12022 Bejís 423 22 12024 Benafer 177 23 12025 Benafigos 161 24 12026 Benasal 1.264 25 12027 Benicarló 26.553 26 12028 Benicasim/Benicàssim 18.524 27 12029 Benlloch 1.211 28 12021 Betxí 5.890 29 12032 Borriana/Burriana 35.433 30 12031 Borriol 5.180 31 12033 Cabanes 3.019 32 12034 Càlig 2.236 33 12036 Canet lo Roig 855 34 12037 Castell de Cabres 17 35 12038 Castellfort 237 36 12039 Castellnovo 1.065 12040 Castellón de la Plana/Castelló de la 37 Plana 180.114 38 12041 Castillo de Villamalefa 114 39 12042 Catí 850 40 12043 Caudiel 754 41 12044 Cervera del Maestre 727 42 12052 Chert/Xert 889 43 12053 Chilches/Xilxes 2.844 44 12055 Chodos/Xodos 125 45 12056 Chóvar 363 46 12045 Cinctorres 494 47 12046 Cirat 270 48 12048 Cortes de Arenoso 347 49 12049 Costur 581 50 12050 Coves de Vinromà, les 2.049 51 12051 Culla 608 52 12057 Eslida 936 53 12058 Espadilla 91 54 12059 Fanzara 347 55 12060 Figueroles 583 56 12061 Forcall 529 -
Estudis Castellonencs (Castelló), 1987-88, IX, P
(VWXGLV &DVWHOORQHQFV 1~P DqSRFD 3S ( ,661 R. MONFERRER Hospital General Universitari de Castelló Les epidèmies de còlera a Vilafranca en el segle XIX. El còlera de 1855 A Margarita Marín, amb reconeixement i amistat Resum El present treball aborda una aproximació a les epidèmies de còlera del segle XIX a Vilafranca, especialment de 1855 per representar la major mortalitat catastròfica registrada a la localitat. Es revisa quantitativament el còlera de 1855 que va suposar el 79 % de totes les defuncions, en espe- cial de dones de mitjana edat i de xiquets menors de cinc anys. L’edat mitjana va ser de 37,23 anys. La duració de l’epidèmia de 78 dies amb una mortalitat diària de 1,93 casos. La incidència màxima mensual i diària fou al mes d’agost amb 76 % defuncions i 13 òbits, respectivament. Els resultats no difereixen dels coneguts de les localitats veïnes estudiades i de la resta de l’Estat espanyol. El treball es complementa amb un resum de les epidèmies de còlera de 1834 i 1885 a Vilafranca. Paraules clau Segle XIX. Còlera. Epidèmia de 1855. Altres epidèmies de còlera 1834, 1885. Vilafranca del Cid. Castelló. Espanya. Història de la Medicina. Epidemics of cholera in Vilafranca in the nineteenth century. Cholera 1855 Abstract This work deals with an approach to cholera epidemics of the nineteenth century in Vilafranca, especially 1855 because it represents the most catastrophic mortality registered in the locality. The 1855 cholera quantitatively examined accounted for 79% of all deaths, especially middle- aged women and children under 5 years. The average age was 37’23 years. -
Medieval Beauty
MORELLA One of the most beautiful villages in Spain MEDIEVAL BEAUTY Nestled in an ocean of mountains stands a small, fortified town, an image that captures and takes the visitor to the Middle Ages. Morella is the medieval jewel of the Mediterranean arch. Surrounded by two kilometres of walls and crowned by the imposing castle, a fortress that has seen Iberians, Romans, Arabs and Christians pass through... Morella hides different stories in each of its cobbled streets. Morella hides different stories in each of its paved streets. Morella vibrates every day of the year. Morella offers an amazing cultural combination, from the excellent and innovative gastronomy, the beautiful local handicrafts, to the impressive monuments or its unique festivals. Outside the walls, within the more than 400 km2 municipality, you will find amazing forests where you can get lost and enjoy nature while hiking along the many existing routes or mountain bike trails. “Don’t just look for palace facades, Gothic windows, the splendid portals of the basilica, the cloisters, the gates of the wall - that’s already a lot, but you have to look for something else, to breathe it: the urban air, the thickness of history, a balance, preserved harmony. These things are intangible, they create another dimension of beauty.” Joan Francesc Mira MONUMENTS OF MORELLA The monumental character of Morella is extraordinary. The castle, the Santa María la Mayor basilica and the walls, with their seven gates and ten towers, declared historical and ar- tistic monuments in 1931, stand out among the various architectural works that can be appreciated in the streets. -
Contratos De Trabajo Registrados Según Sexo Y Sector De Actividad Económica
CONTRATOS DE TRABAJO REGISTRADOS SEGÚN SEXO Y SECTOR DE ACTIVIDAD ECONÓMICA CASTELLÓN/CASTELLÓ SEPTIEMBRE 2010 TIPO DE CONTRATO SECTORES TOTAL HOMBRES MUJERES AGRICULT. INDUSTRIA CONSTRUC. SERVICIOS MUNICIPIOS INIC. INDEF. INIC. CONVERT. INIC. INDEF. INIC. CONVERT. TEMPORAL INDEF. TEMPORAL INDEF. AIN 2 1 1 2 ALBOCASSER 44 37 1 6 1 2 27 14 ALCALA DE XIVERT 168 4 86 7 2 68 1 8 15 19 126 ALCORA, L' 203 7 119 18 3 52 4 82 21 100 ALCUDIA DE VEO 5 2 2 1 2 1 2 ALFONDEGUILLA 25 12 1 12 15 2 8 ALGIMIA DE ALMONACID ALMAZORA/ALMASSORA 450 12 264 14 11 145 4 8 90 66 286 ALMEDIJAR 4 1 2 0 1 1 3 ALMENARA 143 4 92 3 2 42 0 39 10 14 80 ALQUERIAS DEL NIÑO PERDIDO 192 17 128 1 8 37 1 118 40 1 33 ALTURA 28 2 14 2 9 1 4 2 22 ARAÑUEL 1 1 0 1 ARES DEL MAESTRE ARGELITA 2 2 0 2 ARTANA 60 19 34 4 3 46 1 1 12 ATZENETA DEL MAESTRAT 10 1 6 0 2 1 2 5 3 AYODAR AZUEBAR 3 2 1 2 1 BARRACAS 4 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 3 BEJIS 2 2 0 2 BENAFER 2 2 2 BENAFIGOS 5 4 1 5 BENASAL 5 4 1 1 1 3 BENICARLO 466 26 252 15 9 149 15 51 82 64 269 BENICASIM/BENICASSIM 712 14 317 9 7 361 4 3 24 685 BENLLOCH 15 1 11 2 0 1 0 2 3 7 3 BETXI 235 5 160 12 58 106 27 10 92 BORRIOL 48 3 29 4 12 6 9 10 23 BURRIANA 581 18 278 10 23 245 7 50 38 27 466 CABANES. -
Internship Requirements
The International Studies Degree Internship (IS 4998/4999) The administration of the internship program is the responsibility of the Director of International Studies in the College of Liberal Arts. Students who undertake a BAIS internship must enroll in IS 4998 or IS 4999 (Honors Internship). The IS internship requires at least 3 but no more than 6 hours of credit. A 3 hour credit involves 120 hours of work during the semester (@ 8 hrs/week for 15 weeks). The internship may be either student-initiated or faculty/administrator-initiated. Those that are initiated by the student must be approved by the Director of International Studies. The internship site will require significant work and/or learning opportunities related to the intern’s field of study. The specific responsibilities of the internship must be worked out before the student undertakes the position by the Director of International Studies or the student’s faculty advisor in cooperation with the interning agency. The competence of the student to perform the responsibilities entailed in the internship must also be determined beforehand by the Director of International Studies in consultation with faculty who have worked with the student. Because the internship is required, no specific GPA is required. We ask personnel supervising ISD students to do the following: 1. Meet with student to work out a description of his/her activities/responsibilities 2. Supervise the student’s work experience 3. Acquaint the student with the operations of the agency or business 4. Evaluate the student at the end of the semester (a form for this evaluation will be provided by the Director of International Studies) The internship requires an 8-10 page paper, the topic of which will be determined by the student in consultation with his faculty advisor or the Director of International Studies. -
Matteo MANDALÀ ISMAIL KADARE TRA LA VERITÀ DELL'arte E L
STUDIA ALBANICA 2016/2 Matteo MANDALÀ ISMAIL KADARE TRA LA VERITÀ DELL’ARTE E L’INGANNO DELLA REALTÀ 6.– L’inverno del “loro” scontento (1973-1975) Per ammissione di Kadare, suffragata dalla moglie Helena, tra la fine degli anni Sessanta e i primi del decennio successivo, nell’opificio dello studioso erano in lavorazione più progetti, dei quali soltanto i due di cui ci siamo appena occupati riuscirono a vedere la luce, mentre la definitiva stesura degli altri e la loro pubblicazione – vuoi a causa delle coercizioni esterne, vuoi per una deliberata scelta dello scrittore –, furono procrastinate ben oltre la seconda metà degli anni ’70, quando in rapida successione apparvero riuniti in diverse raccolte nella forma di racconti brevi1. Tra questi ultimi meritano una menzione speciale due romanzi che, pur ispirati da vicende “moscovite”, per motivi diversi hanno ricoperto un ruolo molto importante per il futuro dell’opera e, si aggiunga, della vita di Kadare. Il primo è Muzgu i perëndive të stepës, che nel 1970 (dunque prima della pubblicazione di Kronikë) era già quasi ultimato2. La sua importanza è notevole perché, rievocando dalla medesima prospettiva critica l’altra tappa fondamentale della formazione del giovane artista, si configura come il naturale continuatore di Kronikë: se in quest’ultimo veniva rivisitata l’esperienza estetica primigenia e intuitiva preadolescenziale, in Muzgu saranno discussi con sagace maturità e anche con particolare gusto surreale per il grottesco alcuni paradigmi fondamentali dell’arte narrativa modernista, quali i concetti di tempo e di spazio, il ruolo 1 Helena Kadare, Kohë e pamjaftueshme. Kujtime, Shtëpia botuese “Onufri”, Tiranë, 2011, f.