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How Does Religion Matter Today in Poland? Secularization in Europe and the 'Causa Polonia Semper Fidelis' Arnold, Maik
www.ssoar.info How Does Religion Matter Today in Poland? Secularization in Europe and the 'Causa Polonia Semper Fidelis' Arnold, Maik Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Sammelwerksbeitrag / collection article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Arnold, M. (2012). How Does Religion Matter Today in Poland? Secularization in Europe and the 'Causa Polonia Semper Fidelis'. In M. Arnold, & P. Łukasik (Eds.), Europe and America in the Mirror: Culture, Economy, and History (pp. 199-238). Krakau: Nomos. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-337806 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, non- Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, transferable, individual and limited right to using this document. persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses This document is solely intended for your personal, non- Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für commercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document in public. dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder conditions of use. -
Polish Battles and Campaigns in 13Th–19Th Centuries
POLISH BATTLES AND CAMPAIGNS IN 13TH–19TH CENTURIES WOJSKOWE CENTRUM EDUKACJI OBYWATELSKIEJ IM. PŁK. DYPL. MARIANA PORWITA 2016 POLISH BATTLES AND CAMPAIGNS IN 13TH–19TH CENTURIES WOJSKOWE CENTRUM EDUKACJI OBYWATELSKIEJ IM. PŁK. DYPL. MARIANA PORWITA 2016 Scientific editors: Ph. D. Grzegorz Jasiński, Prof. Wojciech Włodarkiewicz Reviewers: Ph. D. hab. Marek Dutkiewicz, Ph. D. hab. Halina Łach Scientific Council: Prof. Piotr Matusak – chairman Prof. Tadeusz Panecki – vice-chairman Prof. Adam Dobroński Ph. D. Janusz Gmitruk Prof. Danuta Kisielewicz Prof. Antoni Komorowski Col. Prof. Dariusz S. Kozerawski Prof. Mirosław Nagielski Prof. Zbigniew Pilarczyk Ph. D. hab. Dariusz Radziwiłłowicz Prof. Waldemar Rezmer Ph. D. hab. Aleksandra Skrabacz Prof. Wojciech Włodarkiewicz Prof. Lech Wyszczelski Sketch maps: Jan Rutkowski Design and layout: Janusz Świnarski Front cover: Battle against Theutonic Knights, XVI century drawing from Marcin Bielski’s Kronika Polski Translation: Summalinguæ © Copyright by Wojskowe Centrum Edukacji Obywatelskiej im. płk. dypl. Mariana Porwita, 2016 © Copyright by Stowarzyszenie Historyków Wojskowości, 2016 ISBN 978-83-65409-12-6 Publisher: Wojskowe Centrum Edukacji Obywatelskiej im. płk. dypl. Mariana Porwita Stowarzyszenie Historyków Wojskowości Contents 7 Introduction Karol Olejnik 9 The Mongol Invasion of Poland in 1241 and the battle of Legnica Karol Olejnik 17 ‘The Great War’ of 1409–1410 and the Battle of Grunwald Zbigniew Grabowski 29 The Battle of Ukmergė, the 1st of September 1435 Marek Plewczyński 41 The -
Ann-Kathrin Deininger and Jasmin Leuchtenberg
STRATEGIC IMAGINATIONS Women and the Gender of Sovereignty in European Culture STRATEGIC IMAGINATIONS WOMEN AND THE GENDER OF SOVEREIGNTY IN EUROPEAN CULTURE EDITED BY ANKE GILLEIR AND AUDE DEFURNE Leuven University Press This book was published with the support of KU Leuven Fund for Fair Open Access Published in 2020 by Leuven University Press / Presses Universitaires de Louvain / Universitaire Pers Leuven. Minderbroedersstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven (Belgium). Selection and editorial matter © Anke Gilleir and Aude Defurne, 2020 Individual chapters © The respective authors, 2020 This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Non-Derivative 4.0 Licence. Attribution should include the following information: Anke Gilleir and Aude Defurne (eds.), Strategic Imaginations: Women and the Gender of Sovereignty in European Culture. Leuven, Leuven University Press. (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) ISBN 978 94 6270 247 9 (Paperback) ISBN 978 94 6166 350 4 (ePDF) ISBN 978 94 6166 351 1 (ePUB) https://doi.org/10.11116/9789461663504 D/2020/1869/55 NUR: 694 Layout: Coco Bookmedia, Amersfoort Cover design: Daniel Benneworth-Gray Cover illustration: Marcel Dzama The queen [La reina], 2011 Polyester resin, fiberglass, plaster, steel, and motor 104 1/2 x 38 inches 265.4 x 96.5 cm © Marcel Dzama. Courtesy the artist and David Zwirner TABLE OF CONTENTS ON GENDER, SOVEREIGNTY AND IMAGINATION 7 An Introduction Anke Gilleir PART 1: REPRESENTATIONS OF FEMALE SOVEREIGNTY 27 CAMILLA AND CANDACIS 29 Literary Imaginations of Female Sovereignty in German Romances -
Indeks Osobowy Metryki Koronnej Władysława Iv
Praca naukowa finansowana w ramach programu Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego pod nazwą „Narodowy Program Rozwoju Humanistyki” w latach 2014 – 2018 INDEKS OSOBOWY METRYKI KORONNEJ WŁADYSŁAWA IV Janusz S. Dąbrowski (Kraków) 1. W indeksie uwzględniono zasadniczo tylko osoby występujące w dokumentach. 2. Indeks pomija Władysława IV jako króla, uwzględnia jako królewicza (dokumenty z okresu prze koronacją). 3. W indeksie podano nazwisko i imię (jeśli występuje, tam gdzie imienia brak, litera N). Odnośnie władców i członków rodzin panujących podawano najpierw imię, potem nazwisko. Osoby wymienione przy przytaczaniu dokumentów średniowiecznych imię i nazwisko (jeśli występuje, względnie skąd się ktoś pisał). W przypadku kobiet, podawano nazwisko i imię, od których odsyłano do nazwiska małżonka (w chwili sporządzanie dokumentu), z zaznaczeniem nazwiska rodowego. Kobiety które zawarły drugie czy trzecie małżeństwo: Nazwisko (aktualnego mężą) i imię, nazwisko rodowe, primo voto, secundo voto, itd. 4. Przynależność stanowa podawana jest tylko tam, gdzie występuje w dokumencie, w postaci skrótu (sz, m, ch, p). Odnośnie szlachty utytułowanej, nie podawano tego oznaczenia literowego. 1 Należy zastrzec, że kancelaria koronna miała tendencję do nazywania wybitnych mieszczan szlachtą, co nie zawsze odpowiadało stanowi faktycznemu. Osoby pochodzenia nieszlacheckiego, co do których nie podano, czy są chłopami, czy mieszczanami, podawano jako „plebejów” (skrót p). Dla członków stanu duchownego nie podano przynależności (np. w postaci litery d) przy osobach utytułowanych urzędami kościelnymi czy cerkiewnymi (ksiądz, kanonik, prezbiter, biskup, pop, itd.). 5. Jako osoby uwzględniono niektóre zbiorowości, wyraźnie określone i oddzielone od reszty ówczesnego społeczeństwa, mianowicie kapituły, zakony, oraz obce narody (Szwedzi, Turcy), lub mniejszości jak Ormianie i Żydzi, wreszcie Kozacy Zaporoscy, ale też, choć rzadko, bojarzy (z określonego terytorium), czy chłopi (z konkretnej wsi). -
Timeline1800 18001600
TIMELINE1800 18001600 Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 8000BCE Sharpened stone heads used as axes, spears and arrows. 7000BCE Walls in Jericho built. 6100BCE North Atlantic Ocean – Tsunami. 6000BCE Dry farming developed in Mesopotamian hills. - 4000BCE Tigris-Euphrates planes colonized. - 3000BCE Farming communities spread from south-east to northwest Europe. 5000BCE 4000BCE 3900BCE 3800BCE 3760BCE Dynastic conflicts in Upper and Lower Egypt. The first metal tools commonly used in agriculture (rakes, digging blades and ploughs) used as weapons by slaves and peasant ‘infantry’ – first mass usage of expendable foot soldiers. 3700BCE 3600BCE © PastSearch2012 - T i m e l i n e Page 1 Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 3500BCE King Menes the Fighter is victorious in Nile conflicts, establishes ruling dynasties. Blast furnace used for smelting bronze used in Bohemia. Sumerian civilization developed in south-east of Tigris-Euphrates river area, Akkadian civilization developed in north-west area – continual warfare. 3400BCE 3300BCE 3200BCE 3100BCE 3000BCE Bronze Age begins in Greece and China. Egyptian military civilization developed. Composite re-curved bows being used. In Mesopotamia, helmets made of copper-arsenic bronze with padded linings. Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, first to use iron for weapons. Sage Kings in China refine use of bamboo weaponry. 2900BCE 2800BCE Sumer city-states unite for first time. 2700BCE Palestine invaded and occupied by Egyptian infantry and cavalry after Palestinian attacks on trade caravans in Sinai. 2600BCE 2500BCE Harrapan civilization developed in Indian valley. Copper, used for mace heads, found in Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine and Egypt. Sumerians make helmets, spearheads and axe blades from bronze. -
The New Cambridge Medieval History
The New Cambridge Medieval History The fourth volume of The New Cambridge Medieval History covers the eleventh and twelfth centuries, which comprised perhaps the most dynamic period in the European middle ages. This is a history of Europe, but the continent is interpreted widely to include the Near East and North Africa as well. The volume is divided into two Parts of which this, the second, deals with the course of events, ecclesiastical and secular, and major developments in an age marked by the transformation of the position of the papacy in a process fuelled by a radical reformation of the church, the decline of the western and eastern empires, the rise of western kingdoms and Italian elites, and the development of governmental structures, the beginnings of the recovery of Spain from the Moors and the establishment of western settlements in the eastern Mediterranean region in the wake of the crusades. Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 The New Cambridge Medieval History editorial board David Abulafia Rosamond McKitterick Martin Brett Edward Powell Simon Keynes Jonathan Shepard Peter Linehan Peter Spufford Volume iv c. 1024–c. 1198 Part ii Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 THE NEW CAMBRIDGE MEDIEVAL HISTORY Volume IV c. 1024–c. 1198 Part II edited by DAVID LUSCOMBE Professor of Medieval History, University of Sheffield and JONATHAN RILEY-SMITH Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical History, University of Cambridge Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sa~o Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge ,UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/ © Cambridge University Press This book is in copyright. -
East of Stockholm, North of Warsaw: Finland, Estonia and the Early Modern Composite States in the Baltic Region
ZfO JECES 67 ı 2018 ı 3 ı 325-348 325 East of Stockholm, North of Warsaw: Finland, Estonia and the Early Modern Composite States in the Baltic Region Miia Ijäs-Idrobo* ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Östlich von Stockholm, nördlich von Warschau: Finnland, Estland und die frühneuzeitlichen composite states im Ostseeraum In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, wie Schweden und Polen-Litauen in ihrer Eigenschaft als composite states in der Frühen Neuzeit ihre Länder verwalteten. Besondere Aufmerk- samkeit wird den Territorien des modernen Estland und Finnland geschenkt, da die Herr- schaft über diese Länder im Zuge des Konflikts zwischen Sigismund Vasa als dem König von Polen-Litauen (1587-1632) und Schweden (1593-1599), und seinem Onkel Karl von Södermanland, dem späteren König Karl XII. (1604-1611), umstritten war. Während in der bisherigen Forschung Schweden und Polen-Litauen als in politischer und religiöser Hin- sicht sehr unterschiedlich gegolten haben, soll hier möglichen Gemeinsamkeiten aufgrund ihres Charakters als composite states nachgegangen werden. Beide Staaten strebten da- nach, ihre Territorien sowohl politisch als auch kulturell zu vereinheitlichen. Die finni- schen und estnischen Gebiete lagen von Stockholm und Warschau aus gesehen in der Peri- pherie, waren aber für diese Machtzentren von strategischer Bedeutung. Obwohl Finnland und Estland in geografischer Hinsicht nicht weit voneinander entfernt lagen, erlauben sie in ihrer Funktion als zusammengesetzte Monarchien unterschiedliche Perspektiven für die Erforschung frühneuzeitlicher Reiche und königlicher Machtansprüche. Obwohl die Be- zeichnung als „Großherzog von Finnland“ in die königlichen Titel Schwedens Eingang fand, war Finnland ein integraler Bestandteil des schwedischen Königreichs und genoss zu keinem Zeitpunkt Autonomie innerhalb des Reiches. Estland hingegen sah sich mehrfach Einverleibungsversuchen seitens Polen-Litauens und Schwedens ausgesetzt, die jedoch stets nur eingeschränkt erfolgreich waren. -
Material Culture in the Inventory of Catherine Jagiellon's Dowry
Culture in motion Material culture in the inventory of Catherine Jagiellon’s dowry from 1562 and its analysis from culture transfer perspective Uppsala University Department of Art History Master’s Thesis, 45 ETCS Author: Urszula Frick Supervisor: Per Widén Examiner: Britt-Inger Johansson Spring Semester 2019 0 Uppsala University, Department of Art History Box 630, 751 26 Uppsala, Sweden Phone: +46 18 471 28 87 Web: www.konstvet.uu.se Master’s thesis Master of Arts, 45 ECTS Credits Title: Culture in motion, Material culture in the inventory of Catherine Jagiellon’s dowry from 1562 and its analysis from culture transfer perspective Author: Urszula Frick Supervisor: Per Widén Examiner: Britt-Inger Johansson Spring Semester 2019 Abstract On the 4th of October 1562, the Polish princess Catherine Jagiellon married the Swedish prince and duke of Finland Johan Vasa. Leaving Poland, Catherine Jagiellon was equipped with a very rich dowry and followed by an entourage of nearly 50 people. The objective of this study is to investigate the objects and people surrounding the newly wedded 16th century princess and asses if the document mirrors the complex cultural interactions of the early modern world. The analysis of the inventory is carried out using two theoretical approaches: material culture and culture transfer. The study is constructed in two parts. The first part focuses on the analysis of the sections of the inventory following the order of the document. If possible, the objects are mapped, their history is traced through the sources, their appearance and function are discussed. The examination of the members of the court is also carried out. -
Where Are You, Prusai ? Lech Z
Lech Z. Niekrasz Where are you, Prusai ? Lech Z. Niekrasz Where are you, Prusai ? The memory of the ancient Prusai have not passed with the wind and therefore it deserves our respect, so that history is not covered by falsehood. Lech Z. Niekrasz Where are you, Prusai ? Translated by Michael Kulczykowski Author Lech Z. Niekrasz Redaction Slawomir Klec Pilewski Graphics Slawomir Klec Pilewski Translation Michael Kulczykowski Cover: Oil painting by Wojciech Kossak from a private collection The Prusai: The Prus Society www.prusowie.pl contact [email protected] Editor Print and cover All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the Publishers and the Copyright owners. FOREWORD It is worthwhile spending a moment to consider the problem which emerged after the conclusion of the second world war. It concerns the naming of the part of the former territory of Prusia, which was incorporated into post-war Poland. In view of the unfortunate traditions of German Prussianism and the associated worst possible memories, nobody wished to call this territory Prussia although it was to a substantial degree still inhabited by the indigenous descendants of the ancient Prusai, who saw no need to leave the land of their forefathers and talked of themselves us “ We are not Germans but we are also not Poles, we are locals”. After the war Stalin carried out another successive crime by ordering the deportation to Germany tens of thousands the descendants of the Prus people from the territory annexed by the USSR, the so called Kaliningrad region. -
Zygmunt Str 01-80 Layout 1
ing Sigismund I the Elder’s Prayer Book (hereinafter referred to Kas the Prayer Book) is now part of the collection in the British Library in London with the catalogue number Add. 15281. The Library purchased the manuscript on 31 July 1844 for 74 pounds out of the estate left by Prince Augustus Frederick (1773-1843), Duke of Sussex, sixth son of the George III of the United Kingdom. The sale was carried out through the agency of the famous London book dealer and antiquarian, Robert Harding Evans (1778-1857).[1] The Duke of Sussex had ac- quired the Prayer Book as part of the inheritance left by Henry Benedict Stuart (1725-1807), Cardinal Duke of York. Henry Stuart was the youngest son of Maria Clementina Sobieska of the Janina coat of arms (1701-1735), granddaughter of John So- bieski III, and James Francis Edward Stuart (1688-1766), pre- tender to the throne of England and Scotland in the Jacobite Succession. Maria Clementina married James in Montefiascone, Italy (province of Viterbo in the region of Lazio) on 3 September 1719 and it was probably before the wedding that she unlaw- fully took the Prayer Book out of Poland. Up to that moment, the manuscript had been kept in Warsaw, presumably as Crown property, but not throughout the entire period after the death of its first owner, Sigismund I the Elder in 1548. It is commonly believed that the manuscript was taken out of Poland by Queen Bona Sforza after the King’s death, but it is not known how and when it was recovered as Crown property. -
More Precious Than Gold
More Precious Than Gold. Treasures of the Polish National Library. Edited by Halina Tchórzewska-Kabata; with the assistance of Maciej Dabrowski. Translated into English by Janina Dorosz; revised from the Polish and ed- ited by Philip Earl Steele. Design and creation of electronic version – Wojciech Buksowicz, with the assistance of H. Tchórzewska-Kabata. Warszawa, Biblioteka Narodowa, 2003 More Precious Than Gold. Treasures of the Polish National Library, the al- bum we published in 2000, comprises pictorial and descriptive presentations of 105 of the most valuable, beautiful, and oft’times unique monuments of Polish and European culture and letters. These treasures represent all the many categories of the collections safeguarded at the National Library in War- saw: old and modern manuscripts, early and recent prints, musicalia and maps, graphic art and drawings, the first photographs and sound-recordings and documents on social life. Now we are pleased to be able to present More Precious Than Gold. Treas- ures of the Polish National Library in electronic form. In its printed form our album is distinguished by its highly meticulous editorial elaboration and the artistry of its graphic design and layout. This was made possible thanks to the financial support that Polkomtel S.A., the operator of PLUS GSM digital mobile telephone network, graciously extended to the National Library. The bibliophilic excellence of More Precious Than Gold has not been suc- cessfully transferred to the screen. Notwithstanding this, the album’s sub- stantive portions – its forewords and 105 descriptive texts – have been pre- served in their entirety. Moreover, our album’s iconographic presentations have proved to be surpassingly attractive in electronic form. -
POLISH ROYAL ANCESTRY Book 1 - Medieval Era (Abt
GRANHOLM GENEALOGY POLISH ROYAL ANCESTRY Book 1 - Medieval Era (abt. 800-1400) INTRODUCTION Poland has had a very tumultuous past involving several wars. It has been attacked by Tatars and Russians from the East, Turks and Austrians from the South, Teuotonic Knights and Prussians from the West and Swedes from the North. It has been occupied and divided countless times but always maintained a small but very patriotic core, which has made it possible to survive. I micro similarity to what has happened in Poland is how Berlin was divided in four zones after World War II. The information about our lineage from the Polish royalty is somewhat unique in that we are directly related to the rulers from the first one to the 12th generation (great grand parents) where our direct lineage branches away from the Polish. The subsequent rulers are thus cousins. Below is a list of the ancestors, those covered in the text are highlighted. In some cases the spouses are also highlighted, this indicated that we are related to them also, but from a different lineage. The lineage to us is listed at the end of this book. The era and the Piast dynasty, covered by Book 1 ends with Saint Hedwig (Jadwiga) King of Poland, who had no children. Note that although a female, she was designated “King” according to the Polish custom. Book 2 begins with her husband, Jogaila Wladyslaw II Jagiello King of Poland, who with his second wife was the first of the next Jagellonian dynasty. He is not a direct ancestor for us, but we do have a common ancestor, Vladimir II "Monomach" Grand Duke of Kiev, my 26th great grand father.