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4 the Structural Framework of Governance
4 The structural framework of governance The last few decades of historical research have been focused on social interactions as a key issue in the research on the past. Medievalists have withdrawn to large extent from studying constitutional and legal matters, leaving such topics behind as some sort of anachronistic holdover of positivistic methodology. It seems, however, that there is no way for a study of political issues to abandon questions of the structural means of power – as defined in Chapter 1 – as an important element of the instrumentarium of particular players on the dynamic chessboard of the European High Middle Ages. These means, including changes and redefinitions of the legal status of the province under study, were an indispensable counterpart of the ad hoc political and personal measures related to in the previous chapter. 4.1 Marchia Milzania: the status of Milsko in the structure of the Ottonian and early Salian Empire The starting point for considerations about the formal status of Milsko as part of the Empire should be the assertion from Chapter 3 that between 1004–1007, Milsko for the first time became a territory administered by an individual appointed by the German king as comes, Herman I. Herman’s status as a royal administrator is illustrated in several sources. The most significant of these is a charter by Henry II from January 1, 1007 (DH II, no. 124) confirming the donation by the king of three ringforts (castella) in Milsko along with their districts (burgwards) to the Bishopric of Meissen. The strongholds -
Saint ADALBERT and Central Europe
POLAND CZECH REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA AUSTRIA HUNGARY SLO CRO ITALY BiH SERBIA ME BG Saint ADALBERT and Central Europe Patrimonium Sancti Adalberti Collective of Authors Patrimonium Sancti Adalberti Society issued this collection of essays as its first publication in 2021. I/2021 Issuing of the publication was supported by companies: ZVVZ GROUP, a.s. RUDOLF JELÍNEK a.s. PNEUKOM, spol. s r.o. ISBN 978-80-270-9768-5 Saint ADALBERT and Central Europe Issuing of the publication was supported by companies: Collective of Authors: Petr Bahník Jaroslav Bašta Petr Drulák Aleš Dvořák Petr Charvát Stanislav Janský Zdeněk Koudelka Adam Kretschmer Radomír Malý Martin Pecina Igor Volný Zdeněk Žák Introductory Word: Prokop Siostrzonek A word in conclusion: Tomáš Jirsa Editors: Tomáš Kulman, Michal Semín Publisher: Patrimonium Sancti Adalberti, z.s. Markétská 1/28, 169 00 Prague 6 - Břevnov Czech Republic [email protected] www.psazs.cz Cover: Statue of St. Adalbert from the monument of St. Wenceslas on Wenceslas Square in Prague Registration at Ministry of the Culture (Czech Republic): MK ČR E 24182 ISBN 978-80-270-9768-5 4 / Prokop Siostrzonek Introductory word 6 / Petr Bahník Content Pax Christiana of Saint Slavník 14 / Radomír Malý Saint Adalbert – the common patron of Central European nations 19 / Petr Charvát The life and work of Saint Adalbert 23 / Aleš Dvořák Historical development and contradictory concepts of efforts to unite Europe 32 / Petr Drulák A dangerous world and the Central European integration as a necessity 41 / Stanislav Janský Central Europe -
Famous People from Czech Republic
2018 R MEMPHIS IN MAY INTERNATIONAL FESTIVAL Tennessee Academic Standards 2018 EDUCATION CURRICULUM GUIDE MEMPHIS IN MAY INTERNATIONAL FESTIVAL Celebrates the Czech Republic in 2018 Celebrating the Czech Republic is the year-long focus of the 2018 Memphis in May International Festival. The Czech Republic is the twelfth European country to be honored in the festival’s history, and its selection by Memphis in May International Festival coincides with their celebration of 100 years as an independent nation, beginning as Czechoslovakia in 1918. The Czech Republic is a nation with 10 million inhabitants, situated in the middle of Europe, with Germany, Austria, Slovakia and Poland as its neighbors. Known for its rich historical and cultural heritage, more than a thousand years of Czech history has produced over 2,000 castles, chateaux, and fortresses. The country resonates with beautiful landscapes, including a chain of mountains on the border, deep forests, refreshing lakes, as well as architectural and urban masterpieces. Its capital city of Prague is known for stunning architecture and welcoming people, and is the fifth most- visited city in Europe as a result. The late twentieth century saw the Czech Republic rise as one of the youngest and strongest members of today’s European Union and NATO. Interestingly, the Czech Republic is known for peaceful transitions; from the Velvet Revolution in which they left Communism behind in 1989, to the Velvet Divorce in which they parted ways with Slovakia in 1993. Boasting the lowest unemployment rate in the European Union, the Czech Republic’s stable economy is supported by robust exports, chiefly in the automotive and technology sectors, with close economic ties to Germany and their former countrymen in Slovakia. -
30 Tadeusz Wasilewski Brata Przybysława, Księcia Stodoran4
TADEUSZ WASILEWSKI (Warszawa) POCHODZENIE EMNILDY, TRZECIEJ ŻONY BOLESŁAWA CHROBREGO A GENEZA POLSKIEGO WŁADZTWA NAD MORAWAMI Do spornych, dotąd nie rozwiązanych zagadnień z wczesnych dziejów dynastii piastowskiej należy pochodzenie Emnildy — długoletniej mał żonki Bolesława Chrobrego, matki Mieszka II. O Emnildzie mamy jedynie unikalny przekaz współczesnego jej kronikarza saskiego, biskupa merse- burskiego Thietmara: tertia (uxor Bolizlavi) fuit Emnildis, edita a vene rabili seniore Dobremiro1. Dowiadujemy się z tych słów, jak to wykazał w 1895 r. Oswald Bal zer, że ojciec, określony mianem venerabilis senior, był chrześcijańskim księciem, a jego słowiańskie imię sytuuje jego księstwo na Słowiańszczyź- nie. Wymienienie go wyłącznie z imienia, bez podania bliższych określeń, zwłaszcza geograficznych, wskazuje, że był on postacią znaną dobrze ko mesom i duchownym saskim jako adresatom kroniki Thiettmara. Na związ ki Dobromira, może nawet pokrewieństwo z arystokracją niemiecką, wska zuje niemieckie imię córki Emmildis, a być może również imię wnuczki Regelindis. Księstwo Dobromira położone było ponadto również w pobliżu granic państwa Mieszka I, gdyż kolejne małżeństwa zawierane przez Bole sława Chrobrego za życia ojca miały wybitnie polityczny charakter2. Na podstawie powyższych wskazówek poszukiwano ojczyzny Dobro mira w jednym z księstw słowiańskich, znajdujących się w zasięgu wpły wów niemieckich, którego chrześcijańscy władcy znani byli dobrze Sa som. Umiejscawiano zatem księcia Dobromira przede wszystkim na Połabiu. Oswald Balzer uważał, że był on księciem jakiegoś ludu w Słowiańszczyź- nie północno-zachodniej i zwracał uwagę na występowanie już w X w. wśród Obodrzyców chrześcijańskich książąts. Stanisław Zakrzewski wi dział w nim ostatniego księcia Milczan, czyli południowych Łużyczan lub 1 Kronika Thietmara. Z tekstu łacińskiego przetłumaczył, wstępem poprzedził i k o m en ta rzami opatrzył M. -
In the Kingdom of Bohemia
14 października 2020 In the Kingdom of Bohemia In the Kingdom of Bohemia In the 14th century, due to the Bohemian expansion, Silesia was separated from Poland and became a part of the Crown of the Kingdom of Bohemia. In 1327, Władysław Bytomski, Duke of Koźle, and his younger brothers, Jerzy and Siemowit, were the first ones to pay homage to John the Blind, King of Bohemia. Although their father, Casimir, already paid homage to Wenceslaus II, the then-King of Bohemia, in 1289, Wenceslaus was simultaneously the ruler of Poland. At the time when Władysław paid homage to Bohemia, Poland was already ruled by Władysław Łokietek, Duke of Kujawy and Lesser Poland, who was considering coronation. As a consequence of the subordination of subsequent Silesian duchies to Bohemia, aside from being obliged to participate in war expeditions of Bohemian rulers and to appear at the court in Prague, the Silesian Piasts also had to respect the decisions made by the Bohemian king in accordance with the Bohemian law. One of such astounding decisions was made in the case of the succession of the Duchy of Koźle after the heirless death of Bolesław, Duke of Koźle and Bytom, in 1355. According to the Polish law, the duchy could be inherited only by a man, and therefore, the closest relative of Bolesław, Casimir, Duke of Cieszyn, was preparing himself to rule Koźle. However, as stated in the Bohemian law, the succession could also occur in the female line, and since the deceased Bolesław had a sister, Eufemia, the fight for the succession was joined by her husband, Duke Konrad of Oleśnica. -
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg History Culture Economy Education Population Population Languages Geography Political System System Political National Symbols National
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg of Duchy Grand Everything you need to know know needto you Everything Geography History about the Political system National symbols Economy Population Languages Education Culture Publisher Information and Press Service of the Luxembourg Government, Publishing Department Translator Marianne Chalmers Layout Repères Communication Printing Imprimerie Centrale ISBN 978-2-87999-232-7 September 2012 All statistics in this brochure are provided by Statec. Table of contents of Table 4 6 8 12 14 16 18 20 24 26 History Culture Economy Education Population Languages Geography At a glance a glance At Political system system Political National symbols National Everything you need to know about the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg of Duchy about the Grand know need to you Everything Official designation Territory Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Administrative division Capital • 3 districts (Luxembourg, Diekirch, Luxembourg Grevenmacher) • 12 cantons (Capellen, Clervaux, Diekirch, National day Echternach, Esch-sur-Alzette, Grevenmacher, 23 June Luxembourg, Mersch, Redange-sur-Attert, Remich, Vianden, Wiltz) Currency • 106 municipalities Euro • 4 electoral constituencies (South, East, Centre, North) Geography Judicial division At a glance At Geographical coordinates • 2 judicial districts (Luxembourg, Diekirch) comprising 3 magistrates’ courts Latitude 49° 37’ North and longitude 6° 08’ East (Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Diekirch) Area 2,586 km2, of which 85.5% is farmland or forest Population (2011) Total population Neighbouring countries 524,900 inhabitants, including 229,900 foreign Belgium, Germany, France residents representing 43.8% of the total population (January 2012) Climate Luxembourg enjoys a temperate climate. Annual Most densely populated towns average temperatures range from -2.6° C (average Luxembourg (99,900 inhabitants) minimum value) to 21.6° C (average maximum Esch-sur-Alzette (30,900 inhabitants) value) (1981-2010). -
The Transition of a New World Bohemia
THE TRANSITION OF A NEW-WORLD BOHEMIA^ In the years immediately following the unsuccessful revo lution of 1848, the Czechs were finding life in their native land under Austrian rule more and more unbearable. They were irked by political oppression, the economic status of the majority was deplorable, many chafed under the re quirements imposed by military service and under the reli gious intolerance of the government. After the Hussite wars of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, the defeated remnants of Hus's followers were driven into the mountainous districts of Bohemia and Moravia.^ They might have been forced to submit to the Austrian rule of church and state if the Reformation under Luther had not again aroused them to a consciousness of their religious status. For more than a hundred years all their political and religious activities took place in secret under unremit ting persecution. At the beginning of the fifties of the last century, after the hopes of the Czechs had once more been shattered, the United States immigration agents found fer tile soil for propaganda among the members of the dissatis fied sects of Hussites and Moravian Brethren. Wisconsin was then making strenuous efforts to attract settlers from northern and central Europe. Thousands of Germans were immigrating to the vicinity of Milwaukee, which became known as the German Athens. There they were joined by large groups of Protestant Czechs, who felt ^A paper read at the afternoon session of the eighty-fifth annual meeting of the Minnesota Historical Society, held in the Historical Building, St. Paul, on January 8, 1934. -
Delegates Handbook Contents
Delegates Handbook Contents Introduction 5 Czech Republic 6 - Prague 7 Daily Events and Schedule 10 Venue 13 Accreditation/ Registration 20 Facilities and Services 21 - Registration/Information Desk 21 - Catering & Coffee Breaks 21 - Business Center 21 - Additional Meeting Room 21 - Network 22 - Working Language and Interpretation 22 Accommodation 23 Transportation 24 - Airport Travel Transportation 24 - Prague Transportation 25 3 Tourism in Prague 27 Introduction - Old Town Hall with Astronomical Clock 27 - Prague Castle, St. Vitus Cathedral 28 - Charles Bridge 29 As Host Country of the XLII Antarctic Treaty - Petřín Lookout tower 30 Consultative Meeting (ATCM XLII), the Czech - Vyšehrad 30 Republic would like to give a warm welcome - Infant Jesus of Prague 31 to the Representatives of the Consultative and - Gardens and Museums 31 Non-Consultative Parties, Observers, Antarctic Treaty System bodies and Experts who participate in this Practical Information 32 meeting in Prague. - Currency, Tipping 32 This handbook contains detailed information on the - Time Zone 33 arrangements of the Meeting and useful information - Climate 33 about your stay in Prague, including the meeting - Communication and Network 34 schedule, venues and facilities, logistic services, etc. It is - Electricity 34 recommended to read the Handbook in advance to help - Health and Water Supply 35 you organize your stay. More information is available - Smoking 35 at the ATCM XLII website: www.atcm42-prague.cz. - Opening Hours of Shops 35 ATS Contacts 36 HCS Contacts 36 4 5 the European Union (EU), NATO, the OECD, the United Nations, the OSCE, and the Council of Europe. The Czech Republic boasts 12 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. -
The History of Books and Libraries in Bohemia
Digital Editing of Medieval Manuscripts - Intellectual Output 1: Resources for Editing Medieval Texts (Paleography, Codicology, Philology) The history of books and libraries in Bohemia Michal Dragoun (Charles Univeristy in Prague) While books were initially rare in medieval Bohemia, they would come to play an important role in the lives of all social classes by the end of the Middle Ages. The pace of that advancement was not, however, constant. Many factors contributed to spread of books and to their use, some of them pushed the advancement forward significantly, others less significantly. Books were initially a monopoly of the Church and its institutions but gradually, the circle of book users extended to the laity and more and more texts came to be written in vernacular languages. Acknowledging the abundance or research into medieval books and libraries more generally, this overview will comment only on the most significant moments in the book culture of medieval Bohemia. There are two fundamental turning points in the history of Medieval Bohemian book culture – these were the establishment of a university in Prague, and the Hussite Reformation. To provide a brief overview of types of libraries, it is necessary to categorize them and study the development of individual categories. In any case, the Hussite period was the real turning point for a number of them. Sources The sheer abundance of sources provides the basis for a comprehensive overview of Bohemian book culture. The manuscripts themselves are the most significant source. However, the catalogues used to study Bohemian collections tend to be very old. As a result, the records are often incomplete and contextual information is often unavailable. -
How Does Religion Matter Today in Poland? Secularization in Europe and the 'Causa Polonia Semper Fidelis' Arnold, Maik
www.ssoar.info How Does Religion Matter Today in Poland? Secularization in Europe and the 'Causa Polonia Semper Fidelis' Arnold, Maik Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Sammelwerksbeitrag / collection article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Arnold, M. (2012). How Does Religion Matter Today in Poland? Secularization in Europe and the 'Causa Polonia Semper Fidelis'. In M. Arnold, & P. Łukasik (Eds.), Europe and America in the Mirror: Culture, Economy, and History (pp. 199-238). Krakau: Nomos. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-337806 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, non- Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, transferable, individual and limited right to using this document. persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses This document is solely intended for your personal, non- Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für commercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document in public. dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder conditions of use. -
Pedigree of the Wilson Family N O P
Pedigree of the Wilson Family N O P Namur** . NOP-1 Pegonitissa . NOP-203 Namur** . NOP-6 Pelaez** . NOP-205 Nantes** . NOP-10 Pembridge . NOP-208 Naples** . NOP-13 Peninton . NOP-210 Naples*** . NOP-16 Penthievre**. NOP-212 Narbonne** . NOP-27 Peplesham . NOP-217 Navarre*** . NOP-30 Perche** . NOP-220 Navarre*** . NOP-40 Percy** . NOP-224 Neuchatel** . NOP-51 Percy** . NOP-236 Neufmarche** . NOP-55 Periton . NOP-244 Nevers**. NOP-66 Pershale . NOP-246 Nevil . NOP-68 Pettendorf* . NOP-248 Neville** . NOP-70 Peverel . NOP-251 Neville** . NOP-78 Peverel . NOP-253 Noel* . NOP-84 Peverel . NOP-255 Nordmark . NOP-89 Pichard . NOP-257 Normandy** . NOP-92 Picot . NOP-259 Northeim**. NOP-96 Picquigny . NOP-261 Northumberland/Northumbria** . NOP-100 Pierrepont . NOP-263 Norton . NOP-103 Pigot . NOP-266 Norwood** . NOP-105 Plaiz . NOP-268 Nottingham . NOP-112 Plantagenet*** . NOP-270 Noyers** . NOP-114 Plantagenet** . NOP-288 Nullenburg . NOP-117 Plessis . NOP-295 Nunwicke . NOP-119 Poland*** . NOP-297 Olafsdotter*** . NOP-121 Pole*** . NOP-356 Olofsdottir*** . NOP-142 Pollington . NOP-360 O’Neill*** . NOP-148 Polotsk** . NOP-363 Orleans*** . NOP-153 Ponthieu . NOP-366 Orreby . NOP-157 Porhoet** . NOP-368 Osborn . NOP-160 Port . NOP-372 Ostmark** . NOP-163 Port* . NOP-374 O’Toole*** . NOP-166 Portugal*** . NOP-376 Ovequiz . NOP-173 Poynings . NOP-387 Oviedo* . NOP-175 Prendergast** . NOP-390 Oxton . NOP-178 Prescott . NOP-394 Pamplona . NOP-180 Preuilly . NOP-396 Pantolph . NOP-183 Provence*** . NOP-398 Paris*** . NOP-185 Provence** . NOP-400 Paris** . NOP-187 Provence** . NOP-406 Pateshull . NOP-189 Purefoy/Purifoy . NOP-410 Paunton . NOP-191 Pusterthal . -
Fortification Renaissance: the Roman Origins of the Trace Italienne
FORTIFICATION RENAISSANCE: THE ROMAN ORIGINS OF THE TRACE ITALIENNE Robert T. Vigus Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2013 APPROVED: Guy Chet, Committee Co-Chair Christopher Fuhrmann, Committee Co-Chair Walter Roberts, Committee Member Richard B. McCaslin, Chair of the Department of History Mark Wardell, Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Vigus, Robert T. Fortification Renaissance: The Roman Origins of the Trace Italienne. Master of Arts (History), May 2013, pp.71, 35 illustrations, bibliography, 67 titles. The Military Revolution thesis posited by Michael Roberts and expanded upon by Geoffrey Parker places the trace italienne style of fortification of the early modern period as something that is a novel creation, borne out of the minds of Renaissance geniuses. Research shows, however, that the key component of the trace italienne, the angled bastion, has its roots in Greek and Roman writing, and in extant constructions by Roman and Byzantine engineers. The angled bastion of the trace italienne was yet another aspect of the resurgent Greek and Roman culture characteristic of the Renaissance along with the traditions of medicine, mathematics, and science. The writings of the ancients were bolstered by physical examples located in important trading and pilgrimage routes. Furthermore, the geometric layout of the trace italienne stems from Ottoman fortifications that preceded it by at least two hundred years. The Renaissance geniuses combined ancient bastion designs with eastern geometry to match a burgeoning threat in the rising power of the siege cannon. Copyright 2013 by Robert T. Vigus ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would not have been possible without the assistance and encouragement of many people.