4 Hilde Domin E Günter Eich – Due Idee Diverse Eppure Simili Di Poesia

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4 Hilde Domin E Günter Eich – Due Idee Diverse Eppure Simili Di Poesia View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Catalogo dei prodotti della ricerca UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI VERONA DIPARTIMENTO DI Dottorato in Letterature Straniere, Lingue e Linguistica SCUOLA DI DOTTORATO DI Scienze Umanistiche DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN Letteratura tedesca Con il contributo di (ENTE FINANZIATORE) Banco Popolare di Verona CICLO /ANNO (1° anno d’Iscrizione): 31 TITOLO DELLA TESI DI DOTTORATO Hilde Domin e la scrittura dell’impegno Gesellschaftskritik e questioni letterarie nei carteggi con Heinrich Böll, Günter Eich ed Erich Fried S.S.D. L-LIN/13 LETTERATURA TEDESCA Coordinatore: Prof./ Stefan Rabanus Firma __________________________ Tutor: Prof./Arturo Larcati Firma __________________________ Dottorando: Dott./Lorenzo Bonosi Firma 1 Quest’opera è stata rilasciata con licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione – non commerciale Non opere derivate 3.0 Italia . Per leggere una copia della licenza visita il sito web: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/it/ Attribuzione Devi riconoscere una menzione di paternità adeguata, fornire un link alla licenza e indicare se sono state effettuate delle modifiche. Puoi fare ciò in qualsiasi maniera ragionevole possibile, ma non con modalità tali da suggerire che il licenziante avalli te o il tuo utilizzo del materiale. NonCommerciale Non puoi usare il materiale per scopi commerciali. Non opere derivate —Se remixi, trasformi il materiale o ti basi su di esso, non puoi distribuire il materiale così modificato. Hilde Domin e la scrittura dell’impegno Gesellschaftskritik e questioni letterarie nei carteggi con Heinrich Böll, Günter Eich ed Erich Fried – Lorenzo Bonosi Tesi di Dottorato Verona, 30 maggio 2019 ISBN 9788869251566 2 Wer seine Ohnmacht eingesteht, kann mächtig sein. Peter Härtling 3 Abstract “Hilde Domin the committed writer” Political and literary issues in her correspondence with Günter Eich, Heinrich Böll and Erich Fried Lorenzo Bonosi1 Jewish-born Hilde Domin (1909-2006) returned to Germany in 1961 after more than twenty-three years of exile, spent in Italy, the UK, and the Dominican Republic. Ever since her first activities as a translator, poet and novelist, Domin criticized post-war Germany severely. Nevertheless, contrary to other exiled jewish-origin writers, Domin – who was defined as the 'Poetess of the return' by H.G. Gadamer – always proved to be ready to overcome and forgive, provided a systematic come-to-terms would take place in the newly-born Federal Republic of Germany. Despite Domin and Günter Eich were discussing the most urgent political issues of their time (eg. the role of the new left, the Middle East Issue, the German “Süsterhenn law” (for putting artistic liberty under the control of a moral law), they had a thoroughly different idea of poetry and engagement. Whereas Domin would openly take sides, Eich’s lyric (including the Maulwürfe (1968)) never openly addressed a given, definite subject. It is no surprise thus that Eich always refused to interpret his own poems for the Domin-edited anthology Doppelinterpretationen (1965). The analysis of the discussion and the lyric work by Domin an Eich gives insight into the possible and actual role of poetry in contemporary society. 1 Università degli Studi di Verona, Dipartimento di Lingue e Letterature Moderne, Dipartimento di Lingue e Letterature straniere, Lungadige Porta Vittoria 41, 37129 Verona – Italia; Email: [email protected] 4 Also with Heinrich Böll Domin debated relevant political issues of the time, but without any focus on the literary work as such. Domin was very critical towards the establishment of post-war (Western) Germany, mostly as Böll was, but, again, she expected him to explicitly take the field. The different idea of the writer vis-à- vis of society and politics becomes well evident with an open letter Domin wrote to Böll in 1971, to which he replied severely, stating that he wanted not to have any public image, nor to be one, and that Germany needed no preceptors. Thus, the major difference between Domin and Böll was their view of the intellectual’s role in society. Contrary to Domin, Austrian exiled and London-based poet Erich Fried was programmatically writing – according to Domin – political poems. Their different view, both of technical literary issues, and of the political content becomes evident in the discussion about Fried’s poems to be included in Domin’s lyric anthology Nachkrieg und Unfrieden (1970), in which they discuss many literature topics, including poems by Paul Celan meant for the anthology. The correspondence deals with the so-called Roma-Affäre, an episode of racism against the Roma-community, the Middle-East Issue and the related German and Western positions, the Vietnam war, clarifying for instance the difference between poetry as such and the political poem. The study highlights Hilde Domin’s relevant contribution to the discourse of memory in post-war Western Germany. 5 Indice 1 Introduzione......................................................................................................11 2 La situazione politica nella Germania del dopoguerra – Una panoramica con le testimonianze di chi è rientrato e di chi è ‘rimasto fuori’......................................17 2.1 Il mito della Stunde Null.............................................................................17 2.2 I Rückkehrer e i loro problemi al rientro....................................................21 2.2.1 Suddivisione dei Rückkehrer in tre categorie....................................21 2.2.2 I Rückkehrer e la cosiddetta ‘innere Emigration’..............................25 2.3 Il disagio di chi è rientrato e di chi è rimasto ‘fuori’..................................30 2.3.1 Il disagio dei Rückkehrer nelle ‘first letters’.....................................30 2.3.2 “Ich lebe nicht in der BRD”..............................................................33 3 La corrispondenza di Hilde Domin – Una panoramica.....................................46 3.1 Wanderleben ed esilio di Hilde Domin......................................................47 3.1.1 Prima delle leggi razziali italiane (1938), Italia.................................47 3.1.2 Dopo le leggi razziali italiane: Inghilterra, Repubblica Dominicana 50 3.2 La corrispondenza di Hilde Domin nel contesto della sua Rückkehr........53 3.2.1 Un rientro che porta disillusione........................................................53 3.2.2 La corrispondenza di Hilde Domin – una panoramica......................56 3.2.2.1 Ambito personale............................................................................57 3.2.2.2 Ambito editoriale............................................................................58 3.2.2.3 Letteratura.......................................................................................60 3.2.2.4 Politica e diritto – La „first letter“ di Hilde Domin a Konrad Adenauer.......................................................................................................63 4 Hilde Domin e Günter Eich – Due idee diverse eppure simili di poesia..........71 4.1 Introduzione................................................................................................71 6 4.2 Wozu Lyrik heute? – La poetica di Hilde Domin come conseguenza dell’impegno......................................................................................................72 4.2.1 Il coraggio dello scrittore...................................................................72 4.2.2 Autenticità, esemplarità e precisione aspecifica (unspezifische Genauigkeit).................................................................................................74 4.2.3 Poesia e società in Hilde Domin........................................................79 4.3 Botschaften des Regens – Günter Eich e la sua ‘traduzione’ del reale.......82 4.3.1 La poetica di Günter Eich..................................................................82 4.3.2 Hilde Domin e Günter Eich – due poetiche apparentemente diverse85 4.3.3 Wider die gesteuerte Sprache ovvero: l’imprescindibile libertà della parola poetica................................................................................................88 4.4 Temi letterari e politici nella corrispondenza tra Hilde Domin e Günter Eich (e Ilse Aichinger).......................................................................................90 4.4.1 Primi dialoghi sulla poesia: Hilde Domin discute con Günter Eich, fine degli anni 1950..................................................................................91 4.4.2 „WAS können wir tun? Was KÖNNEN wir tun? Was können WIR tun? Was können wir TUN?“...................................................................94 5 „Ich plädiere für die Phantasie als Ergänzung der Sachkundigkeit“ - Il carteggio tra Hilde Domin e Heinrich Böll (1960-1985).....................................107 5.1 Introduzione: Le circostanze di un’amicizia...........................................107 5.2 „Sich keinen Maulkorb umbinden lassen“ - Il carteggio tra Hilde Domin e Heinrich Böll negli anni 1960-71....................................................................109 5.3 “Der liberale Labberdreck stammt nicht von mir” - Due lettere aperte del 1971 e la relativa discussione..........................................................................122 5.4 I temi del carteggio 1972-1985: la DDR, il colpo di stato in Cile, l’identità di scrittrice tedesca di origine ebraica.............................................................132
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