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Incorporating Human Impacts Into Habitat Suitability Models
INCORPORATING HUMAN IMPACTS INTO HABITAT SUITABILITY MODELS: A LITERATURE REVIEW Report Prepared for The Taku River Tlingit First Nation By Jean L. Polfus Research Assistant Round River Conservation Studies April 21, 2008 INCORPORATING HUMAN IMPACTS INTO HABITAT SUITABILITY MODELS Polfus Acknowledgments A diversity of people have assisted with the development and refinement of this report, the need for which was identified in collaborative discussions on habitat modeling between Taku River Tlingit Land and Resources Department and the British Columbia Integrated Land Management Bureau. I wish to acknowledge Kim Heinemeyer, Norm McLean and Kerrith McKay for initiating the project. The format and design of this report benefited from the influence of a literature review of the effects of energy development on ungulates by Mark Hebblewhite, who also provided guidance and advice. I thank the Heb Lab for general discussion and ideas about habitat suitability models. Kim Heinemeyer has provided helpful feedback and suggestions on earlier versions of the report. Please cite as: Polfus, J. L. 2008. Incorporating Human Impacts into Habitat Suitability Models: A Literature Review. Report prepared for the Taku River Tlingit First Nation. Cover photos: woodland caribou © Matt Grant, grizzly © Kevin Bernier, mountain goats © Sandra Leidholdt Page 2 INCORPORATING HUMAN IMPACTS INTO HABITAT SUITABILITY MODELS Polfus Table of Contents Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. -
Assessment of Alaska Reindeer Populations and Range Conditions
Paper presented at The First Arctic Ungulate Conference, Nuuk, Greenland, 3-8. September, 1991. Assessment of Alaska reindeer populations and range conditions J. D. Swanson1 and M. H. W. Barker2 1 USDA Soil Conservation Service, 201 E. 9th Avenue, Suite 300, Anchorage, Alaska 99501, U.S.A. 2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Alaska 99508, U.S.A. Abstract: Populations of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) have fluctated greatly since their introduction to Alaska in 1891. In the 1930s, reported numbers exceeded 600,000. Presently, 38,000 reindeer graze 6.2 million ha of rangeland and woodland in Western Alaska (from 66°54'N to 52°07'N latitude). Condition of winter range producing fruticose lichens (Cladina rangiferina, Cladina arbuscula, Cladina stellaris, Cetraria cucullata, Cetra- ria islandica) is of major concern. Monitoring programs have been established for vegetation, fire, reindeer and wildlife. Reindeer have overgrazed lichen resources on some Bering Sea Islands. Wildfires have had the greatest impact on lichen range depletion on the mainland. Overgrazing has been a problem in localized areas. Moose (AIces alces) and muskox (Ovibos moschatus) rarely contribute to major lichen depletion. 60-80% of the mainland and 5-30% of most island winter lichen ranges are presently estimated to be in good to excel• lent ecological condition. Procedures for assessing condition of the lichen ranges are being further refined. Keywords: Alaska, winter, pastures, lichens, population dynamics, sampling techniques Rangifer, 12 (1): 33-43 Introduction Siberian reindeer herders were originally Sheldon Jackson, General Agent of Education brought to instruct local natives in reindeer in Alaska, toured the northern coasts of Siberia husbandry and herding techniques (Brickey, and Alaska in 1890. -
Mountain-Derived Versus Shelf-Based Glaciations on the Western Taymyr Peninsula, Siberia Christian Hjort1 & Svend Funder2
Mountain-derived versus shelf-based glaciations on the western Taymyr Peninsula, Siberia Christian Hjort1 & Svend Funder2 1 Quaternary Sciences, Lund University, GeoCenter II, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden 2 Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark Keywords Abstract Siberian geology; glacial inception; glacial history. The early Russian researchers working in central Siberia seem to have preferred scenarios in which glaciations, in accordance with the classical gla- Correspondence ciological concept, originated in the mountains. However, during the last 30 C. Hjort, Quaternary Sciences, Lund years or so the interest in the glacial history of the region has concentrated on University, GeoCenter II, Sölvegatan 12, ice sheets spreading from the Kara Sea shelf. There, they could have originated SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden. E-mail: from ice caps formed on areas that, for eustatic reasons, became dry land [email protected] during global glacial maximum periods, or from grounded ice shelves. Such ice doi:10.1111/j.1751-8369.2008.00068.x sheets have been shown to repeatedly inundate much of the Taymyr Peninsula from the north-west. However, work on westernmost Taymyr has now also documented glaciations coming from inland. On at least two occasions, with the latest one dated to the Saale glaciation (marine isotope stage 6 [MIS 6]), warm-based, bedrock-sculpturing glaciers originating in the Byrranga Moun- tains, and in the hills west of the range, expanded westwards, and at least once did such glaciers, after moving 50–60 km or more over the present land areas, cross today’s Kara Sea coastline. -
The Periglacial Climate and Environment in Northern Eurasia
ARTICLE IN PRESS Quaternary Science Reviews 23 (2004) 1333–1357 The periglacial climate andenvironment in northern Eurasia during the Last Glaciation Hans W. Hubbertena,*, Andrei Andreeva, Valery I. Astakhovb, Igor Demidovc, Julian A. Dowdeswelld, Mona Henriksene, Christian Hjortf, Michael Houmark-Nielseng, Martin Jakobssonh, Svetlana Kuzminai, Eiliv Larsenj, Juha Pekka Lunkkak, AstridLys a(j, Jan Mangerude, Per Moller. f, Matti Saarnistol, Lutz Schirrmeistera, Andrei V. Sherm, Christine Siegerta, Martin J. Siegertn, John Inge Svendseno a Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Telegrafenberg A43, Potsdam D-14473, Germany b Geological Faculty, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation c Institute of Geology, Karelian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkinskaya 11, Petrozavodsk 125610, Russian Federation d Scott Polar Research Institute and Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CBZ IER, UK e Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allegt.! 41, Bergen N-5007, Norway f Quaternary Science, Department of Geology, Lund University, Geocenter II, Solvegatan. 12, Lund Sweden g Geological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen DK-1350, Denmark h Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, Chase Ocean Engineering Lab, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA i Paleontological Institute, RAS, Profsoyuznaya ul., 123, Moscow 117868, Russia j Geological Survey of Norway, PO Box 3006 Lade, Trondheim N-7002, Norway -
Crossing Caribou Country
CROSSING CARIBOU COUNTRY A special report assessing the impacts of new transmission line routes on threatened caribou in NW Ontario CPAWS Wildlands League December 2013 CPAWS WILDLANDS LEAGUE 1 ABOUT CPAWS WILDLANDS LEAGUE ABOUT THE AUTHORS CPAWS Wildlands League is a not-for-profit charity Trevor Hesselink has been immersed in the that has been working in the public interest to protect environmental policy field since 1992 both as public lands and resources in Ontario since 1968, an independent consultant to a wide range of beginning with a campaign to protect Algonquin Park organizations, and as a senior policy advisor to the from development. We have extensive knowledge Ontario Ministry of the Environment. Through his of land use in Ontario and history of working with undergraduate studies in Urban and Regional Planning government, communities, scientists, the public at the University of Waterloo and his Masters’ studies and resource industries on progressive conservation in Urban Design at the University of Toronto, he initiatives. We have specific experience with impacts of has cultivated an enduring passion for sustainability industrial development on boreal forests and wildlife dynamics and applied semiotics. His creative facilitation that depend on them. and communication skills have contributed to many policy and planning initiatives in Ontario from community based watershed management to safe drinking water. Since leaving government to come to the Wildlands League, Trevor has enjoyed tackling a brand new set of exciting challenges in joining the CONTACT Boreal forest campaign. Anna Baggio completed an undergraduate degree in Suite 380 401 Richmond St. West Biology from McMaster University and a graduate Toronto, ON M5V 3A8 degree from York University. -
Anabar Plateau, Siberia, Russia
Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, Vol. 45, No. 4, 2013, pp. 526–537 Tree-Line Structure and Dynamics at the Northern Limit of the Larch Forest: Anabar Plateau, Siberia, Russia Viacheslav I. Kharuk*‡ Abstract Kenneth J. Ranson† The goal of the study was to provide an analysis of climate impact before, during, and after the Little Ice Age (LIA) on the larch (Larix gmelinii) tree line at the northern extreme Sergey T. Im* of Siberian forests. Recent decadal climate change impacts on the tree line, regeneration Pavel A. Oskorbin* abundance, and age structure were analyzed. Maria L. Dvinskaya* and The location of the study area was within the forest-tundra ecotone (elevation range 170–450 m) in the Anabar Plateau, northern Siberia. Field studies were conducted along Dmitriy V. Ovchinnikov* elevational transects. Tree natality/mortality and radial increment were determined based *V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, on dendrochronology analyses. Tree morphology, number of living and subfossil trees, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia regeneration abundance, and age structure were studied. Locations of pre-LIA, LIA, and †Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, post-LIA tree lines and refugia boundaries were established. Long-term climate variables Code 618, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, U.S.A. and drought index were included in the analysis. ‡Corresponding author: It was found that tree mortality from the 16th century through the beginning of the [email protected] 19th century caused a downward tree line recession. Sparse larch stands experienced deforestation, transforming into tundra with isolated relict trees. The maximum tree mortal- ity and radial growth decrease were observed to have occurred at the beginning of 18th century. -
Impacts of Human Developments and Land Use on Caribou: a Literature Review Volume I: a Worldwide Perspective
IMPACTS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENTS AND LAND USE ON CARIBOU: A LITERATURE REVIEW VOLUME I: A WORLDWIDE PERSPECTIVE R.T. Shideler, M.H. Robus, J.F. Winters, and M. Kuwada Technical Report 86-2 Alaska Department of Fish & Game Habitat and Restoration Division The Alaslia Department of Fish and Game administers all programs and activities free from discrimination on the basis of sex, color, race, religion, national origin, age, marital status, pregnancy, parenthood, or disability. For information on alternative formats available for this and other department publications contact the department ADA Coordinator (voice) 9071465-4120: (TTD) 9071478-3648. Any person who believes slhe has been discriminated against should write to: ADF&G, PO Box 25526, Juneau, AK 99802-5526 or O.E.O. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington D.C. 20240. IMPACTS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENTS AJYD LAND USE ON CARIBOU: A LITERATURE REVIEW Volume I: A Worldwide Perspective by R.T. Shideler, 1vI.H. Robus, J.F. Winters, and M. Kuwada Technical Report 86-2 Norman A. Cohen Director Division of Habitat Alaska Department of Fish and Game P.O. Box 3-2000 Juneau, Alaska 99802 June 1986 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ....................................................... vi ACKNmmS..................................................... vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................... ix 1.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................ 1 1.1 Scope & Organization -
RANGIFER Ruearcht Man Jument -Md Husbandry of Reindeer and Other Northern Unguutei
Ki ". mrir HTirciiu unn 1 1 AiJ^Uhi l'""rH nui. NjfWÉI RANGIFER Ruearcht Man jument -md Husbandry of Reindeer and other Northern UnguUtei Nd. 1-3 n lfHW - VOL XX Rangif er Published by. Nordisk Organ for Reinforskning (NOR) Nordic Council for Reindeer Research Pohjoismainen Porontutkimuselin Editor. Rolf Egil Haugerud Address: c/o NVH, Department of Arctic Veterinary Medicine Stakkevollvn. 23 B N-9292 Tromsø Norway e-mail: [email protected] Web address: www.rangifer.no Telephone: +47 77 69 48 10 Telefax: +47 77 69 49 11 Mobile telephone: +47 414 16 833 Bank account: 4760 56 92776 Postal account: 0801 2116358 Swift address: SNOWN022 Subscription prices: Ordinary subscription (2—4 issues/year), prices/year: 2000 Subscription runs until cancelled! Nordic countries NOK 160- Europe, surface mail NOK 175- Europe, air mail NOK 220- Overseas, surface mail NOK 200- Overseas, air mail NOK265- Student Nordic, surface NOK 100- Students elsewhere, surface NOK 100- Discount: Subscription agencies NOK 30- Back issues! (prices include postage and packing): Ordinary issues (> 3 years) NOK 30-each Ordinary issues (< 3 years) NOK 60 - each Proceedings of the Fifth International Reindeer/Caribou Symposium, Arvidsjaur 1988: NOK 350,-. (Subscribers to RANGIFER: NOK 250,-). Proceedings of the 6th North American Caribou Workshop, Prince George, B.C., 1994: NOK 200,-. Proceedings of the 7th North American Caribou Conference, Thunder Bay, Ontario, 1996: NOK 200,-. Other special issues NOK 165 - each Payment: Use credit card (VISA/Eurocard/Mastercard/Access) if possible. Add NOK 60 - to listed subscription and back issue prices to cover bank charges in Norway if using cheque payment or swift-address. -
Landscapes & Vegetation Zones
Landscapes & Vegetation Zones http://arctic.ru/print/106 Landscapes & Vegetation Zones The Arctic boasts a diverse array of landscapes, ranging from pack and drift ice to rugged shorelines, flat coastal plains, rolling hills, tundra, and mountains. The region also contains abundant lakes and several of the world’s mightiest rivers. The largest mountain ranges in the Arctic include those in northeastern Asia, the Byrranga Mountains on the Taimyr Peninsula, and the northern tip of the Urals. Mount Gunnbjorn in eastern Greenland, at 3,700 meters above sea level, ranks as the highest mountain. The Arctic Ocean is littered with islands, which are mostly fragments of the Asian, European, and North American continental masses. Arctic islands are predominantly mountainous, and while some are inhabited, others are completely blanketed in snow and ice and therefore uninhabitable. The type of terrain and the amount of sunlight largely govern opportunities for plants. Moving northward, the amount of heat obtainable to support plant life drops significantly. In the northernmost areas, plants are at their metabolic limits, and minute differences in summer warmth correspond to considerable differences in the energy available for plant maintenance, growth, and reproduction. This constricts not only the variety of plants, but their sizes, abundances, and growth rates. From North to South there are Four Main Categories of Land Cover Polar desert consists mainly of bare soils and rocks. The sparse plant life is composed primarily of mosses, sedges, lichens, small tundra shrubs and, rarely, flowering plants occurring in sheltered areas. Polar desert characterizes the mountainous areas of islands and inland mountain ranges. -
Russia.Pdf 71 Chicago Tribune
Table of Contents PROFILE 5 INTRODUCTION 5 FACTS AND FIGURES 6 GEOGRAPHY 15 INTRODUCTION 15 GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS AND TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES 15 KOLA PENINSULA 15 RUSSIAN PLAIN 15 CAUCASUS MOUNTAINS 16 URAL MOUNTAINS 16 WEST SIBERIAN PLAIN 17 CENTRAL SIBERIAN PLATEAU 17 TAYMYR PENINSULA 17 MOUNTAINS OF THE SOUTH AND EAST 18 CLIMATE 19 RIVERS AND LAKES 20 CASPIAN SEA/BLACK SEA 20 ARCTIC OCEAN 21 PACIFIC OCEAN 22 MAJOR CITIES 23 MOSCOW 24 SAINT PETERSBURG 25 NOVOSIBIRSK 26 NIZHNIY NOVGOROD 27 YEKATERINBURG 28 ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS 29 WATER POLLUTION 29 NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS 29 NATURAL HAZARDS 30 HISTORY 32 EARLY HISTORY 32 ORIGIN OF THE RUSSIAN STATE 32 KIEVAN RUS 33 THE MONGOL INVASION 34 THE GOLDEN HORDE 34 THE RISE OF MUSCOVY (MOSCOW) 35 IVAN IV (THE TERRIBLE) 36 BORIS GODUNOV AND THE TIME OF TROUBLES 37 THE ROMANOVS 38 PETER I (THE GREAT) 38 THE ERA OF PALACE REVOLUTIONS 39 2 CATHERINE II 40 THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY 41 REFORM EFFORTS 41 ALEXANDER III 42 REVOLUTIONS AND CIVIL WAR 43 PROLOGUE TO REVOLUTION 43 WORLD WAR I AND THE FEBRUARY REVOLUTION 44 THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION 45 THE SOVIET ERA 46 THE ASCENT OF STALIN 46 STALIN’S PURGES 47 WORLD WAR II 47 POST WORLD WAR II 48 KHRUSHCHEV AND THE POST-STALIN THAW 49 BREZHNEV, ANDROPOV, AND CHERNENKO 50 PERESTROIKA AND GLASNOST 50 THE LAST YEARS OF THE SOVIET UNION 51 END GAME 52 POST-SOVIET RUSSIA 53 ECONOMIC TROUBLES 53 CHECHNYA 53 PUTIN AND MEDVEDEV 54 ECONOMY 56 INTRODUCTION 56 INDUSTRY AND MANUFACTURING 56 AGRICULTURE 57 BANKING AND CURRENCY 58 TRADE 59 INVESTMENT 61 ENERGY AND MINERAL -
Japan-Russia Workshop on Arctic Research Held in Tokyo on October 28–30, 2014, Possible Research Subjects, 29
Cooperation on Arctic Research between Japan and Russia Joint Group of Japan and Russia on Arctic Research March, 2015 AERC Report 2015-1 Preface This is the report on the results of the discussions conducted by Japanese and Russian institutes and researchers on Arctic research following the recommendations made by the 11th Japan-Russia Joint Committee on Science and Technology Cooperation in September 2013. The discussions were mainly conducted at two workshops (WSs) held in July and October of 2014 in Tokyo, Japan. The Arctic region has been facing drastic changes in recent years. These changes are affecting the region’s environment and life in society, and moreover pose a threat to affect regions outside the Arctic region as well as the global environment. Clarification of these changes is an urgent issue, and it needs to be carried out by international and domestic efforts as well as through bilateral cooperation. The discussion on cooperative research between Russia, which dominates the largest area in the Arctic region among the Arctic countries, and Japan, which is a non-Arctic country but has long history of Arctic research, will surely make a substantial contribution to the overall understanding of these phenomena. We hope that the discussion made here will be implemented in some manner in the near future. Furthermore, continuous discussions in WSs are needed to narrow the existing gaps between the themes, and define other potential and productive research themes that could not be discussed in 2014. The organizers would like to thank Dr. Vladimir Pavlenko and Professor Tetsuo Ohata who on took the roles of WS coordinators and finishing the report for each side, and the International Science and Technology Center (ISTC), which financially supported the realization of the WSs and the development of this report. -
7 Segmentation De La Zone Côtière À L'échelle Globale Et
7 Segmentation de la zone côtière à l’échelle globale et application aux apports continents - océans 7.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................325 7.2 Origine des données .................................................................................................................329 7.3 Critères de segmentation.........................................................................................................329 7.4 Métriques utilisées ...................................................................................................................339 7.5 Principaux résultats.................................................................................................................342 7.5.1 Identification des ‘segments de raccord’...............................................................................342 7.5.2 Morphologie côtière..............................................................................................................342 7.5.3 Répartition de la population..................................................................................................347 7.5.4 Répartition de l’écoulement spécifique.................................................................................354 7.5.5 Répartition des flux d’azote total ..........................................................................................362 7.6 Importance des mers régionales .............................................................................................365