Assessment of Alaska Reindeer Populations and Range Conditions
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Incorporating Human Impacts Into Habitat Suitability Models
INCORPORATING HUMAN IMPACTS INTO HABITAT SUITABILITY MODELS: A LITERATURE REVIEW Report Prepared for The Taku River Tlingit First Nation By Jean L. Polfus Research Assistant Round River Conservation Studies April 21, 2008 INCORPORATING HUMAN IMPACTS INTO HABITAT SUITABILITY MODELS Polfus Acknowledgments A diversity of people have assisted with the development and refinement of this report, the need for which was identified in collaborative discussions on habitat modeling between Taku River Tlingit Land and Resources Department and the British Columbia Integrated Land Management Bureau. I wish to acknowledge Kim Heinemeyer, Norm McLean and Kerrith McKay for initiating the project. The format and design of this report benefited from the influence of a literature review of the effects of energy development on ungulates by Mark Hebblewhite, who also provided guidance and advice. I thank the Heb Lab for general discussion and ideas about habitat suitability models. Kim Heinemeyer has provided helpful feedback and suggestions on earlier versions of the report. Please cite as: Polfus, J. L. 2008. Incorporating Human Impacts into Habitat Suitability Models: A Literature Review. Report prepared for the Taku River Tlingit First Nation. Cover photos: woodland caribou © Matt Grant, grizzly © Kevin Bernier, mountain goats © Sandra Leidholdt Page 2 INCORPORATING HUMAN IMPACTS INTO HABITAT SUITABILITY MODELS Polfus Table of Contents Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. -
INFORMATION to USERS This Manuscript Has Been Reproduced from the Microfilm Master
Ecology Of Reindeer On Hagemeister Island, Alaska Item Type Thesis Authors Stimmelmayr, Raphaela Download date 23/09/2021 12:58:50 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/8515 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. Hie quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improperalignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. -
Monitoring of Populations and Productivity of Seabirds at St
OCS Study MMS 90-0049 Monitoring Seabird Populations in Areas of Oil and Gas Development on the Alaskan Continental ShelE MONITORING OF POPULATIONS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SEABIRDS AT ST. GEORGE ISLAND, CAPE PEIRCE, AND BLUFF, ALASKA, 1989 Final Report Edited by Vivian M. Mendenhall U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service Migratory Bird Management Marine and Coastal Bird Project Anchorage, Alaska OCS Study MMS 90-0049 MONITORING OF POPULATIONS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SEABIRDS AT ST. GEORGE ISLAND, CAPE PIERCE, AND BLUFF, ALASKA, 1989 Edited by Vivian M. Mendenhall U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Migratory Bud Management Marine and Coastal Birds Project 101 1 East Tudor Rd. Anchorage, Alaska 99503 Submitted to: Minds Management Service Environment Studies Unit 949 East 36th Avenue Anchorage, Alaska 995 10 April 1991 The opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Minerals Management Service, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the Federal Government of the United States. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... v LIST OF RGURES ........................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... xi 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................ -
Geographic Names
GEOGRAPHIC NAMES CORRECT ORTHOGRAPHY OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES ? REVISED TO JANUARY, 1911 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 PREPARED FOR USE IN THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE BY THE UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD WASHINGTON, D. C, JANUARY, 1911 ) CORRECT ORTHOGRAPHY OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES. The following list of geographic names includes all decisions on spelling rendered by the United States Geographic Board to and including December 7, 1910. Adopted forms are shown by bold-face type, rejected forms by italic, and revisions of previous decisions by an asterisk (*). Aalplaus ; see Alplaus. Acoma; township, McLeod County, Minn. Abagadasset; point, Kennebec River, Saga- (Not Aconia.) dahoc County, Me. (Not Abagadusset. AQores ; see Azores. Abatan; river, southwest part of Bohol, Acquasco; see Aquaseo. discharging into Maribojoc Bay. (Not Acquia; see Aquia. Abalan nor Abalon.) Acworth; railroad station and town, Cobb Aberjona; river, IVIiddlesex County, Mass. County, Ga. (Not Ackworth.) (Not Abbajona.) Adam; island, Chesapeake Bay, Dorchester Abino; point, in Canada, near east end of County, Md. (Not Adam's nor Adams.) Lake Erie. (Not Abineau nor Albino.) Adams; creek, Chatham County, Ga. (Not Aboite; railroad station, Allen County, Adams's.) Ind. (Not Aboit.) Adams; township. Warren County, Ind. AJjoo-shehr ; see Bushire. (Not J. Q. Adams.) Abookeer; AhouJcir; see Abukir. Adam's Creek; see Cunningham. Ahou Hamad; see Abu Hamed. Adams Fall; ledge in New Haven Harbor, Fall.) Abram ; creek in Grant and Mineral Coun- Conn. (Not Adam's ties, W. Va. (Not Abraham.) Adel; see Somali. Abram; see Shimmo. Adelina; town, Calvert County, Md. (Not Abruad ; see Riad. Adalina.) Absaroka; range of mountains in and near Aderhold; ferry over Chattahoochee River, Yellowstone National Park. -
Monitoring Recovery of Overgrazed Lichen Communities on Hagemeister Island, Southwestern Alaska Patrick Walsh1 & Trevor Goward2
Monitoring recovery of overgrazed lichen communities on Hagemeister Island, southwestern Alaska Patrick Walsh1 & Trevor Goward2 1 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, P.O. Box 270, Dillingham, Alaska 99576, USA 1 (Corresponding author: [email protected]). 2 UBC Herbarium, Beaty Museum, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Abstract: Understanding the recovery rate of overgrazed lichen communities has value to mangers of lands in northern regions. We describe lichen community composition and present recovery rate measurements for a 12-year period following overgrazing by reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) on Hagemeister Island, Alaska. Reindeer were removed from the island in 1993 following overgrazing and average total lichen biomass increased from 504.2 kg/ha (SD 205.4) in 2003 to 795.3 (SD 489.6) in 2015. We estimate time to recovery with three competing growth curves which estimate grazeable biomass may be reached in 34-41 years. However, estimates of full recovery to climax biomass varied among the models, ranging from 71 to 400 years. In 2015, lichen communities were composed of various mixtures of at least 78 lichen taxa, and were dominated by Cladina stygia and other important reindeer forage species. While reindeer overgrazing diminished forage quantity, it did not extirpate preferred forage taxa. Key words: Range recovery; Rangifer tarandus; grazing management. Rangifer, 41, (1), 2021: 1-12 DOI 10.7557/2.41.1.5340 Introduction Hagemeister Island, located in Bristol Bay to reduce the reindeer population from 1,000 to of the Bering Sea, is characterized by various 450 (Swanson & LaPlant, 1987). The reindeer shrub and tundra plant and lichen communi- population was not reduced, and a 1987 survey ties (Fig. -
Crossing Caribou Country
CROSSING CARIBOU COUNTRY A special report assessing the impacts of new transmission line routes on threatened caribou in NW Ontario CPAWS Wildlands League December 2013 CPAWS WILDLANDS LEAGUE 1 ABOUT CPAWS WILDLANDS LEAGUE ABOUT THE AUTHORS CPAWS Wildlands League is a not-for-profit charity Trevor Hesselink has been immersed in the that has been working in the public interest to protect environmental policy field since 1992 both as public lands and resources in Ontario since 1968, an independent consultant to a wide range of beginning with a campaign to protect Algonquin Park organizations, and as a senior policy advisor to the from development. We have extensive knowledge Ontario Ministry of the Environment. Through his of land use in Ontario and history of working with undergraduate studies in Urban and Regional Planning government, communities, scientists, the public at the University of Waterloo and his Masters’ studies and resource industries on progressive conservation in Urban Design at the University of Toronto, he initiatives. We have specific experience with impacts of has cultivated an enduring passion for sustainability industrial development on boreal forests and wildlife dynamics and applied semiotics. His creative facilitation that depend on them. and communication skills have contributed to many policy and planning initiatives in Ontario from community based watershed management to safe drinking water. Since leaving government to come to the Wildlands League, Trevor has enjoyed tackling a brand new set of exciting challenges in joining the CONTACT Boreal forest campaign. Anna Baggio completed an undergraduate degree in Suite 380 401 Richmond St. West Biology from McMaster University and a graduate Toronto, ON M5V 3A8 degree from York University. -
Vegetation Recovery Patterns Following Overgrazing by Reindeer on St
Vegetation Recovery Patterns Following Overgrazing by Reindeer on St. Matthew Island DAVID R. KLEIN Abstract Heavy grazing by extremely high densities of reindeer (Rung&v life refuge. They are uninhabited by humans and the vegetation is tarand@ on St. Matthew Island in the Kering Sea resulted in arctic-alpine with maritime influence, although winter weather is degradation of the lichen stands. Grasses, sedges, and other vascu- influenced by the surrounding pack ice. A detailed description of lar plants initially increased in response to the removal of lichens St. Matthew Island, its vegetation, and weather has been presented under heavy grazing pressure by the reindeer. Twenty-two years by Klein (1959). Reindeer were introduced to St. Matthew Island following the crash die-off of the reindeer, mosses had invaded by the U.S. Coast Guard as an emergency food supply for person- large portions of the ground area denuded of lichens, and lichens nel stationed there during the Second World War. At the end of the had recovered to only IO$$Jof the standing crop of living lichen war the station was abandoned. Reindeer increased rapidly on the biomass occurring on adjrcent Hall Island where there is no hls- 332 km2 island in the absence of other large herbivores, predators, tory of grazing. Lichen species dominating the recovering lichen and humans, reaching densities of 4/ km2 by 1957, thirteen years stands on St. Matthew Island were those of relatively low prefer- after their introduction, and 18/km* by 1963 immediately before ence as forage by reindeer in contrast to those in climax lichen their crash die-off. -
Impacts of Human Developments and Land Use on Caribou: a Literature Review Volume I: a Worldwide Perspective
IMPACTS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENTS AND LAND USE ON CARIBOU: A LITERATURE REVIEW VOLUME I: A WORLDWIDE PERSPECTIVE R.T. Shideler, M.H. Robus, J.F. Winters, and M. Kuwada Technical Report 86-2 Alaska Department of Fish & Game Habitat and Restoration Division The Alaslia Department of Fish and Game administers all programs and activities free from discrimination on the basis of sex, color, race, religion, national origin, age, marital status, pregnancy, parenthood, or disability. For information on alternative formats available for this and other department publications contact the department ADA Coordinator (voice) 9071465-4120: (TTD) 9071478-3648. Any person who believes slhe has been discriminated against should write to: ADF&G, PO Box 25526, Juneau, AK 99802-5526 or O.E.O. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington D.C. 20240. IMPACTS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENTS AJYD LAND USE ON CARIBOU: A LITERATURE REVIEW Volume I: A Worldwide Perspective by R.T. Shideler, 1vI.H. Robus, J.F. Winters, and M. Kuwada Technical Report 86-2 Norman A. Cohen Director Division of Habitat Alaska Department of Fish and Game P.O. Box 3-2000 Juneau, Alaska 99802 June 1986 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ....................................................... vi ACKNmmS..................................................... vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................... ix 1.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................ 1 1.1 Scope & Organization -
RANGIFER Ruearcht Man Jument -Md Husbandry of Reindeer and Other Northern Unguutei
Ki ". mrir HTirciiu unn 1 1 AiJ^Uhi l'""rH nui. NjfWÉI RANGIFER Ruearcht Man jument -md Husbandry of Reindeer and other Northern UnguUtei Nd. 1-3 n lfHW - VOL XX Rangif er Published by. Nordisk Organ for Reinforskning (NOR) Nordic Council for Reindeer Research Pohjoismainen Porontutkimuselin Editor. Rolf Egil Haugerud Address: c/o NVH, Department of Arctic Veterinary Medicine Stakkevollvn. 23 B N-9292 Tromsø Norway e-mail: [email protected] Web address: www.rangifer.no Telephone: +47 77 69 48 10 Telefax: +47 77 69 49 11 Mobile telephone: +47 414 16 833 Bank account: 4760 56 92776 Postal account: 0801 2116358 Swift address: SNOWN022 Subscription prices: Ordinary subscription (2—4 issues/year), prices/year: 2000 Subscription runs until cancelled! Nordic countries NOK 160- Europe, surface mail NOK 175- Europe, air mail NOK 220- Overseas, surface mail NOK 200- Overseas, air mail NOK265- Student Nordic, surface NOK 100- Students elsewhere, surface NOK 100- Discount: Subscription agencies NOK 30- Back issues! (prices include postage and packing): Ordinary issues (> 3 years) NOK 30-each Ordinary issues (< 3 years) NOK 60 - each Proceedings of the Fifth International Reindeer/Caribou Symposium, Arvidsjaur 1988: NOK 350,-. (Subscribers to RANGIFER: NOK 250,-). Proceedings of the 6th North American Caribou Workshop, Prince George, B.C., 1994: NOK 200,-. Proceedings of the 7th North American Caribou Conference, Thunder Bay, Ontario, 1996: NOK 200,-. Other special issues NOK 165 - each Payment: Use credit card (VISA/Eurocard/Mastercard/Access) if possible. Add NOK 60 - to listed subscription and back issue prices to cover bank charges in Norway if using cheque payment or swift-address. -
Summer Distribution of Pelagic Birds in Bristol Bay, Alaska
SUMMER DISTRIBUTION OF PELAGIC BIRDS IN BRISTOL BAY, ALASKA JAMES C. BARTONEK Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Jamestown, North Dakota 58401 AND DANIEL D. GIBSON Alaska Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit Bristol Bay and its islands, the embayments, the western end of the Aleutian Islands. Shun- lagoons, and other estuaries along the north tov (1966) and Irving et al. (1970) reported side of the Alaska Peninsula, and the nesting on the wintering birds of the Bering Sea. Un- cliffs on the north shore, are seasonally im- analyzed data on birds observed in the Bering portant to vast numbers of seabirds, water- Sea are published with the oceanographic and fowl, and shorebirds that either breed, summer, fisheries records of the RV Osharo Maru winter, or stopover there during migration. ( Hokkaido University 1957-68 ) . This productive southeast corner of the Bering Osgood ( 1904), Murie ( 1959), and Gabriel- Sea is also used by sea otters and several spe- son and Lincoln (1959) summarized the in- cies of pinnipeds and cetaceans, and it is the formation on birds of the lands bordering site of the worlds largest salmon fishery. Bristol Bay. Dal1 (1873) and Cahn (1947) Petroleum development is planned for this described the birds on and about Unalaska area and, judging from the past history of nu- Island, the westernmost point included within merous oil spills in nearby Cook Inlet, could our area of study. Except for Turners’ (1886) have deleterious effects on this rich fauna. brief account of the birds of Cape Newenham This possibility prompted investigations of and recent unpublished administrative reports the migratory birds, including the pelagic of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, species, that could provide the year-round in- the immense bird colonies along the western formation on distribution and numbers nec- half of the north shore of Bristol Bay, includ- essary to protect birds from the possible haz- ing Cape Newenham and nearby islands, and ards of petroleum development and shipping. -
Translocation of Introduced Reindeer from Hagemeister Island, Alaska
Translocation of introduced reindeer from Hagemeister Island, Alaska R. Stimmelmayr1 & L. A. Renecker2 1 Reindeer Research Program, Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, P.O. Box 757200, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA 99775-7200 ([email protected]). •' Renecker & Associates R.# 5. Stratford, Ontario, Canada N5A6S6. Abstract: In 1992 and 1993, 411 live reindeer were shipped by air from Hagemeister Island to the Anchorage area, Alaska. Reindeer were either rounded up by helicopter and then corralled or captured by net-gun fired from a helicop• ter. Outcome of both capture events showed that helicopter corralling of reindeer was more successful than catching them with a net-gun and that post-rut rounding up was more successful than rounding up during the rut itself. Key words: Rangifer, capture, air-shipment techniques, seasonal biology, mortality Rangifer, 18 (1): 19-25 Introduction 1960s (Stimmelmayr, 1994). The herd was mana• The objectives of most wildlife translocations in the ged by Native reindeer herders from the village of State of Alaska have been to increase recreational Togiak. In 1992, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service hunting, provide additional food supply, re-esta• (US-F&WS) determined that continued grazing of blish species, and/or preserve endangered species reindeer on Hagemeister Island, part of the Alaska (Franzmann, 1988). In recent years, another objec• Maritime National Refuge, was incompatible with tive has surfaced, namely the removal of introduced the purpose of the refuge. It was decided that the species for ecological reasons. With this shift in removal of the entire herd of approximately 1200 policy of wildlife agencies to a new general mandate animals was necessary. -
Wetland Information for Southern Alaska: Wetland Environmental Indicators, Bibliography, and Wetland Communities
WETLAND INFORMATION FOR SOUTHERN ALASKA: WETLAND ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS, BIBLIOGRAPHY, AND WETLAND COMMUNITIES By Keith Boggs, Susan Klein, Gerald Tande, Julie Michaelson and Julia Lenz ALASKA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM Environment and Natural Resources Institute University of Alaska Anchorage 707 A Street, Anchorage, Alaska 99501 for the ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Alaska Operations Office 222 W 7th Ave. Anchorage, Alaska November 1998 1 ABSTRACT The purpose of this project was to provide State and Federal land managers and environmental regulators information that could be applied to evaluating wetland degradation. The development of ‘hydrogeomorphic functional profiles’ and other wetland evaluation methods depend on understanding the response of wetlands to human disturbance. To address this need, this project provides descriptions of the response of wetlands to human disturbance, a list of wetland community types, and a bibliography of wetland literature for southeast-, southcentral- and southwest-Alaska. The wetland communities provide the baseline information needed for describing non-degraded wetland systems for Alaska. Wetland community classifications are developed by land management and regulatory agencies concerned with wetland issues. They are based on ground sampling of vegetation, soils, landform, and other wetland characteristics. Approximately 563 communities were listed during the literature review. Our findings show that there is substantial vegetation-based information available for describing non- degraded wetlands. A complete bibliography of wetland literature within southern Alaska was developed by searching on various library and government computer databases and contacting individuals working in the field. The search topics included rapid ecological assessment, disturbance, pollution, community types, ecosystem studies, biodiversity, hydrology, soils and vegetation. The results were entered into a database that is maintained by The Nature Conservancy and State Heritage Programs.