The American Legion Magazine, a Leader Among National General-Interest Publications, Is Published Monthly by the American Legion for Its 3.1 Million Members

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265 North 9th Street Paterson, NJ 07530 The Magazine for a Strong America

Vol.133, No. 1 July 1992 ARTICLE s ALL ABOARD FOR CHICAGO

Legionnairesprepare to visit the Windy Cityfor the 74th National Convention. 14

A DECADE OF REMEMBRANCE For 10years, The Wall has helped heal the wounds ofVietnam. 16

1 PLEDGE ALLEGIANCE

Those31 wordsmean we respect our country and ourflag. By Fran Roberts 18

TICK...TICK... TICK...

Thepopulation time bomb continues the countdown to extinction. ByGaryTurbak 20

STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: THE CRISIS CAN BE SOLVED

An expert ongovernment says they must do more with less. 22

A CONGRESSIONAL SCANDAL THAT TOUCHES EVERYAMERICAN

Congress has allowed Post Office rates to increase and service to decrease. By William S. Broomfield 24

HEALTH CARE FOR AMERICA: WHICH WAY TO GO? Keep our current system? Orgo to one like Canada's? ByJohn Hoffand Theodore R. Marmor 26

PATENTED PROBLEMS

We need to invent something tofixAmerica's overloadedpatent system. ByJayStuller 28

WHY WE STILL NEED NATO A strong and visible NATO will keeppeace in an unpredictable Europe. By Gary L. Geipel 30

SPRING MEETING REPORT

The Legion 's National Executive Committee callsfor VA reform. 34 * m \ DEPARTIVIE NTS

BIG ISSUES Should Congress Support The President's Trade Policy On China? 10

VETVOICE 4 VETERANS UPDATE 32 PARTING SHOTS 60 I i COMMANDER'S MESSAGE 8 LEGION NEWS 38 J

WASHINGTON WATCH 12 VETS 42

COVER The Pledge ofAllegiance is a vow to serve the country and the flag of the United States ofAmerica. These students at Nottingham Elementary School in Arlington, Va., carry on thatAmerican tradition. Photograph by Robert CrandeWPicture Group. See Page 18.

The American Legion magazine, a leader among national general-interest publications, is published monthly by The American Legion for its 3.1 million members. These military-service veterans, working through more than 15,000 community-level posts, dedicate themselves to God and country and traditional American values; strong national security; adequate and compassionate care for veterans, their widows and orphans; community service; and the wholesome development of our nation's youths.

JULY 1992 . n ™i The Most |7Q ttJEMi Loved Recordings FOR GOD AND COUNTRY

700 N.Pennsylvania St. P.O. Box 1055 Indianapolis, IN 46206 Ever Made 317-635-8411 National Commander You can now enjoy the most truly extraordinary collection. Yes, here Dominic D. Pi Francesco beautiful and memory-stirring lis- are the most loved records of your Publisher/Editor-in-Chief life. different recordings tening experience you've ever 50 so uni- Daniel S. Wheeler heard. Thanks to special arrange- versally popular that each sold Editor ments with America's major record over a million copies. 50 of the most John Greenwald companies we can now offer you 50 loved recordings ever made by 50 of Managing Editor of the world's most loved, heart- the most loved stars and groups of Miles Z. Epstein touching recordings, all in one all time. And here they are: Associate Editor Raymond H. Mahon Because of You Release Me Somewhere My Love Assistant Editors Tony Bennett Engelbert Humperdinck Ray Conniff T. Douglas Donaldson Chances Are Tennessee Waltz Too Young Ken Scharnberg Patti Johnny Mathis Page Nat King Cole Art Director Vaya Con Dios I'll Never Fall In Love Again Return To Me Simon Smith Jones Les Paul and Mary Ford Tom Dean Martin Art Assistant Blueberry Hill Just Walkin' In The Rain Goodnight Irene Ann Reeder Fats Domino Johnny Ray Gordon Jenkins Production Manager Fascination Little Things Mean A Lot Peg O' My Heart William L. Poff Jane Morgan Kitty Kallen The Harmonicats Administration Till I Waltz Again With You You, You, You Autumn Leaves Kathy Ferrer, Joan L. Berzins Teresa Brewer The Ames Brothers Roger Williams Advertising Director Love Is A Many The Three Bells La Vie En Rose Donald B. Thomson Splendored Thing The Browns Edith Piaf Advertising Assistants The Four Aces Diane Andretti, Robyn Black He'll Have To Go Spanish Eyes I Remember You Jim Reeves Frank The American Legion Magazine Al Martino Meld P.O. Box 7068 Anytime You Always Hurt Make The World Go Away Indianapolis, IN 46207 Eddie Fisher Eddy Arnold The One You Love 317-635-8411 The Mills Brothers Tenderly Heartaches By The Number Publisher's Representatives Rosemary Clooney Unchained Melody Guy Mitchell Fox Associates, Inc. Al Hibbler Now Is The Hour Beyond The Sea Chicago: 31 2-644-3888 Bing Crosby Crazy Arms New York: 212-725-2106 Bobby Darin 213-487-5630 Ray Price Los Angeles: To Each His Own Twilight Time Detroit, Ml: 313-543-0068 The Ink Spots The Three Suns My Special Angel Atlanta: 404-252-0968 San Francisco: 415-989-5804 Secret Love Bluebird Of Happiness Bobby Helms Doris Day Art Mooney Auf Wiedersehen, The American Legion Magazine Commission Sweetheart Only You It's Just A Matter Of Time Milford A. Forrester, Chairman, Greenville, SC; George The Platters Brook Benton Vera Lynn G. Sinopoli, Vice Chairman, Fresno, CA; James R. Kelley, National Commander's Representative, Wayne, Everything I Is Yours Kiss Of Fire Melody Of Love Have PA; James D. Baker, Tulsa, OK; George F. Ballard, Georgia Gibbs Billy Vaughn Billy Eckstine Belleville, IL; Sam Barney, Lancaster, OH; J. Leslie Brown Jr., Louisville, KY; Joseph Chase, Hatboro, PA; Moments To I Believe You're Breaking My Heart Remember Donald Conn, South Bend, IN; James W. Conway, The Four Lads Frankie Laine Vic Damone Charlestown, MA; Lincoln Cox, Kirby, WV; Orval E. Faubus, Conway, AR; James H. Hall, Hopewell, NJ; Moonlight In Vermont Roses Are Red You Belong To Me Halbert G. Horton, Topeka, KS; W.B. (Brad) Jorgens, Margaret Whiting Bobby Vinton Jo Stafford Beardsly, MN; Eugene J. Kelley, Savannah, GA; James NOTIN STORES-MAIL V. Kissner, Palatine, IL; Russell H. Laird, Des Moines, IA; COUPOJ^TODAY! J. Fred Mitchell, Brewton, AL; J.H. Morris, Baton Rouge, LA; Everett G. Shepard, III, Woodstock, CT; Paul T. |~The Beautiful Music Company, Dept. Hl-274 Goldmine | Jr., A Of Woodard, Lacey, WA; Neal L. Thomas Consultant,

. 777 Larkfield Road, Commack, N.Y 1 1725 Colorado Springs, CO. "50 Musical Memories I Please rush me the beautiful treasury OF THE MOST LOVED RECORDS OF YOUR Copyright 1992 by The American Legii Hundreds of thousands of people who LIFE" in my choice of 3 records, 3 cassettes | The American Legion (ISSN 0886-1234) is published this collection have heard remarkable on or 2 compact discs. I all understand that 50 monthly by The American Legion, 5561 W. 74th Street, TV have already ordered. No other trea- I selections are full length and that I must agree Indianapolis, IN 46268. Second-class postage paid at sury ever offered can compare with it. 1 that this is one of the most beautiful treasuries Indianapolis, IN 46204 and additional mailing offices Every one ofthe 50 all-time favorite record- , ever made or you will refund my money Price: Annual subscription, $12 ($18, Foreign); post immediately. sponsored gift subscriptions, $4; Single copy, $2. POST ings is full length, exactly as originally re- | MASTER: Send address changes to The American Legion corded. Listening to these never-equalled . I enclose $1 9.98. Send 3 Records. Input Services, P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, IN 46206 I enclose $1 9.98. Send 3 Cassettes. million-seller favorites will stir more mem- |

I enclose $24.98. Send 2 Compact Discs. ories, and give you more pleasure, than Change of Address: Notify The American Legion, Input any other treasury you've ever heard. I We Ship Free! No Postage Or Handling! Services, P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, IN 46206. We Pay All Charges! 31 7-328-461 6. Attach old address label, provide old and Money Back Guarantee new addresses and current membership card number. Charge to: Visa MasterCard | All 50 of the Most Loved Records Of American Express Diner's Club Your Life come to you on either 3 Double- Length Records (each in its own jacket) l ParH Mr, .Exp. ...or 3 Cassettes. The price? Only $6.66 Canada Post International Publications Mail (Canadian Distribution) Sales Agreement No. 546321. Re-entered each. All 3 for only $19.98. And we second class mail matter at Manila Central Post office unconditionally guarantee you'll enjoy dated December 22, 1 991 these music treasuries more than any you own or they won't cost you a penny. [City. Be sure to mail the no-risk coupon today. ft Member Audit Bureau of Circulations THE AMERICAN LEGION $1500.00 GIFT PRIVILEGES AND PROVISIONS

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Handbook During my service in the Darwin anese taking over the United States and area of Australia and New Guinea, I having us dependent on them, but to Congratulations on the "Handbook worked at an airstrip at Lalaki, 14 miles personally witness some of these events of Veterans' Benefits" in the May issue. from Port Moresby. Many of the Aussie is shocking and cause for much concern. Finally, a simple, yet comprehensive units passed through our area on the A 1989 book written by a noted Jap- source of information about the many way to Kokoda. The touch-and-go situa- anese economist spells out the economic benefits available to veterans. Every tion there was brought home when the plan to make the United States and the Legionnaire can now easily remove and Japanese came down from Kokoda and world dependent on the Japanese. keep this valuable information. It's we had to set up machine-gun and The term "economics" should not something we've needed for a long time. defensive positions. I remember how overshadow the fact that our nation's Arthur E. Rowers the Aussies happily manned the guns. security is welded to our financial Stickney, III. Thomas R. McCormack strength. Our future and our children's New Guinea Covington, Ky. future depend upon us being militarily and economically No. 1 . Pressure your The article "Great Men: Allied I have read about the Marines and representative before it's too late. Jungle Fighters Battled The Japanese Guadalcanal and the Navy and Air Domenick Scarlato And Saved Australia" (Commander's Force during the Battle of the Coral Lake Grove, N.Y. Message, April) brought back many Sea. But the article in the April issue memories. Day and night, I helped fly Has America lost its competitive was the first time I've read about the the 32nd Division into Port Moresby, edge? ("Greed, Egos The Decline 126th Infantry Regiment. Many thanks. And New Guinea. I know they took one hell Of American Business," April). Monty M. Snyder Hope- of a beating. fully not. Worldwide, America is doing Louisville, Ky. I am honored that you are erecting a amazingly well for the situation it is in. memorial to remember these brave sol- But the edge has been severely dulled, diers who were so successful in keeping Economic Warfare and it is not because of the excesses of a the Japanese out. I have 14 grandchil- I attended the 50th anniversary com- few managers, as Robert Waterman dren and would love to have them take memorations of Pearl Harbor in said in his interview. part in your walk along the Kokoda Trail. Hawaii. Visiting the USS Arizona America's industry is competing in Oscar W. Swenson Memorial was the most emotional an international race. Industries from Lancaster, Minn. experience I believe I have had to date. other nations, Japan and Germany in While sightseeing there, I couldn't help particular, are sponsored, applauded You don't know how happy you made but notice that Japanese received spe- and encouraged by their governments. a lot of veterans with this article. cial treatment. In the restaurants, I felt Americans in that race are bound from Antonio Vallande Jr. like a second-class citizen. head to foot by red tape, much of which Cranston, R.I. We hear many things about the Jap- is intended to increase the power of the

army of bureaucrats who put it there. Q Fred Noise VETVOICE Epsom, N.H.

WE WANT YOUR OPINIONS The questions you can vote on and An American, Too voice your opinions on this month You can contact The American More than 50 years ago, I was one of Legion magazine two ways. Call us are: 120,000 Japanese Americans living on Should Congress support the at the West Coast who were sent to deten- on China? (900)740-VETS President's trade policy tion centers ringed with barbed wire (See Page 10.) (900) 740-8387 fences and watchtowers with armed Do you believe NATO is still to record your opinion and vote on sentinels. We were deprived of our con- needed? (See Page 30.) current issues and listen to the opin- stitutional rights. Without any charges Here's how you've voted in pre- ions of others. Calls cost $1 per min- or individual hearings, on a few weeks vious polls: ute and proceeds support Legion pro- notice, we were ordered to pack our Should Congress end production grams. A magazine editor will listen belongings and go to internment centers. of the Stealth bomber? to your message. Callers' opinions are Now with the current Japan bashing Yes 40% No 60% considered for publication and receive accelerated by Japanese and American Has American business lost its a symbol when published. politicians, Japanese Americans are Q competitive edge? Or you can write to: once again becoming targets of Japan Yes 75% No 25% The American Legion magazine bashers. An elderly American accosted R0. Box 1055 (900)740-VETS me at a shopping center parking lot and demanded where I came from. After Indianapolis, IN 46206 (900) 740-8387 Please turn page

4 THE AMERICAN LEGION A celebration of pride—a confirmation of majesty, a Bradford Exchange recommendation As far as an eagle can soar—indeed from sea to shining r: sea—nothing can match the startling grandeur of Amer-

1 THE BRADFORD EXCHANGE ica's Alaskan wilderness. Unspoiled. Uncrowded. And supremely beautiful. 9345 Milwaukee Avenue Please respond by: July 31, 1992 Now you can share an eagle's eye view of this wilder- Chicago, IL 60648 ness presented dramatically on a fine porcelain collec- YES. Please enter my order for "Misty Fjords." tor's plate. And like exceptional first issues that command hundreds of dollars on the plate market, I understand I need SEND NO MONEY NOW. I will be $29.50* is "Misty Fjords" appears to have what it takes to go up billed when my plate shipped. in value once the edition closes. Limit: one plate per order. Some exceptional plates appreciate in value; some plates go down, and many remain at or near issue price. Signature Telephone But the edition of is "Misty Fjords" limited to a maxi- Mr. Mrs. Ms. mum of 150 firing days, and demand is expected to be Name (Please Print Clearly) strong. So if you wish to obtain this plate at the $29.50 issue price, the time to act is now. To order your plate- fully backed by our unconditional 365-day guarantee- send no money now, simply complete and mail the City State Zip coupon at right. *Plus a total of $3.49 postage and handling, and sales tax where applicable. Pending credit approval. The plate price in Canada is $39.50. 875 1 -E9499 ©1992 BGE APB-141 | 1 | VETVOICE I

learning that I was a native-born Amer- not be recovered. The implication that Camp O'Donnell. Those bodies were ican and had also volunteered from an there could be as many as 2,266 Amer- being carried to be interred in a mass » internment center to serve in the Pacific icans alive in Indochina is simply not grave. campaign in the military intelligence true. R.D. Evans services, my questioner said he served Second, reports of Americans alive Rome, Ga. in the Battle of the Bulge and became in Indochina receive the most urgent very friendly. investigative priority. We follow up each On behalf of Filipino-American vet- I Has it come to a stage where those of live-sighting report to the extent per- erans, thank you for publishing the us of Japanese or other Asian descent mitted by the governments of Indo- article about the Bataan Death March. have to carry our birth certificate, china. We apply the entire spectrum of David L. Vivero Army discharge papers, or wear an U.S. intelligence collection efforts in Kissimmee, Fla. "I'm an American" badge? order to investigate and resolve these

Arthur T. Morimitsu reports. Chicago Third, your article leaves the reader Corrections with the impression that the United • Retired Air Force Brig. Gen. States is not making an honest effort to Wilma L. Vaught was misidentified in Still Missing resolve the fates of unaccounted for the article "America Remembers" I commend National Commander Americans. From Secretary Cheney on (May). In addition, the Women In Mili- Dominic D. DiFrancesco for his very down, the Department of Defense is tary Service Memorial needs $11 mil- strong, positive statement against nor- committed to finding the answers for lion by November 1993, not November malizing relations with Vietnam until a the families. 1992, as reported. full accounting of our POWs is made Dwelling on the past mistakes will • The section about veterans' burials (Commander's Message, March). To not bring back any Americans. We must in the "Pension and Death Benefits" abandon our prisoners of war and miss- look to the future and plan and imple- chapter of The American Legion Hand- ing in action for the political expedi- ment effective measures that will book of Veteran's Benefits (May) con- ency of normalizing relations with Viet- achieve our national policy— the fullest tained errors. Below is the correct sec- nam would be a dishonor and would be possible accounting of all those still tion in its entirety. Readers may want to equivalent to signing their death missing. cut and paste this over the original warrant. Alan C. Ptak version. The article "The Men We Left Deputy Assistant Secretary Behind" (March) should unify The ofDefensefor POW/MIA Affairs VA BURIAL ELIGIBILITY American Legion from top to bottom in You are eligible for burial at a demanding the declassification of all national cemetery or a VA-sponsored information in government files per- Irregular state veterans' cemetery if you have a taining to live prisoners of war from all I want to contradict James Q. discharge that is other than dishonorable. wars. Wilson's statements about regulation Also eligible for VA burial are ser- As the father of an unreturned pris- ("How Much Regulation Do We Really vicemen and women who die on active oner of war, I sincerely thank The Amer- Need?" May). The deregulation of air- duty. If you meet the eligibility require- ican Legion for its strong stance in lines created chaos in pricing and air- ments, you are entitled to burial at one support of our missing comrades. line competition. Wilson is poorly of VA's 1 13 national cemeteries or at a Earl P. Hopper Sr. informed about the airline industry. VA- approved state cemetery. Arlington Glendale, Ariz. Having owned a travel agency for many National Cemetery in Virginia is admin- years, I believe everything he said istered by the Department of the Army. Editor's note: Earl P. Hopper Sr. is about airline regulation is 100 percent Burial there is mostly limited to career vice chairman of Task Force Omega, a incorrect. Armed Forces personnel. private group dedicated to resolving the Q Bill Gardner However, you may be cremated and POW/MIA issue. He spoke at the Na- Virginia Beach, Va. your burial urn placed in a vault niche at tional Convention in Phoenix last year. Arlington. Eligibility requirements are the same for this as in any other national

I would like to respond to "The Men Death March cemetery. We Left Behind" (March). Thank you for publishing "The In addition, your spouse and depend- First, while there are 2,266 Ameri- Bataan Death March" (April). I made ent children are eligible for burial with cans yet unaccounted for in Southeast the march and was in Camp O'Donnell. you at VA-approved cemeteries.

Asia, only 1,172 of those individuals I experienced 42 months of the Jap- Reservists and National Guard mem- are truly missing in action. One anese's inhuman treatment. I also bers are not eligible for burial benefits thousand ninety-four of the unaccounted thought you would like to know, the at national cemeteries unless death for comprise individuals who were picture at the bottom of Pages 20-21 is occurs while serving under honorable known to have been killed in action but not a picture of the march but of the conditions on active duty for training or due to circumstances at the time, could burial detail from the Filipino section of performing full-time service.

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION Raising of the Flason Iwo Jima ' AUTHORIZED

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In the tradition of the finest collectibles, this heirloom collector SIGNATURE SUBJECT ACCEPTANCE plate is crafted of fine porcelain, then hand-numbered and ALL ORDERS ARE TO bordered in 24 karat gold. Each collector plate also bears Mr. de MR/MRS/MISS- PLEASE PRINT CLEARLY Weldon's signature mark on its reverse side. ADDRESS APT. NO. Priced at just $29.50, this Limited Edition will be closedforever after just 45 firing days. Available exclusively from The Franklin CITY/STATE/ZIP Mint, Franklin Center, PA 19091-0001. ©1992FM 15676-6KCL-112 Return Assurance Policy. If you wish to return any Franklin Mint purchase, you may do so within 30 days of your receipt of that purchase for replacement, credit or refund. COMMANDER'S MESSAGE

SACRIFICING VA WILL NOT HELP VETERANS, BUT TOUGH CHOICES ARE AHEAD

OR SOME, VA medical constituents, if it is to survive. service is a candidate for At one time, nearly any veteran who artificial respiration, an needed treatment could get help from organ that should be primed VA. Those times are gone. Once thought and pumped with supple- of as the greatest veterans' advocate,

mental funds to keep it today VA is often viewed as a bastion of going. Others say we evil accountants. should pull VA's plug, and VA must decide how to represent and put an end to its misery. serve veterans. If this new perception Fellow Legionnaires, we must act persists, VA's allies cannot successfully now to protect VA medical care before defend the agency in its hours of need. it's too late. We must prepare ourselves VA needs to listen to veterans— find for a long and difficult fight against out what they need. Planning for the those who would take VA medical care year 2000 will require more than com- away from veterans. We must join forces puter analysis and projections. It will to redirect hostility against VA into require close attention to veterans' constructive criticism. changing needs. Here's what must be done: There is no fool-proof way to help VA • Under no circumstances can we turn the corner on its problems and allow VA to be melded with a national escape from those who wish to cut its health-care system. Numerous legisla- Nat'l Cmdr. Dominic D. DiFrancesco budget or abolish it entirely. But consid- tive proposals have been introduced to ering that VA accounts for only 2 per- begin dismantling the current VA health- cology, mammography and other female cent of all federal spending, it cannot be care system. We cannot allow national medical requirements. VA must plan for held responsible for the federal deficit. health care to become a substitute for these needs. And it should not be a target for budget- VA. VA must be used as a model, a • VA's medical services must not be cutters. building block for such a system. opened up to non-veterans, who could With its network of 172 hospitals,

• VA must evolve its services to meet drain the system's limited resources. 126 nursing homes, 45 independent the needs of more than 250,000 home- The ill-conceived Rural Health Care clinics, 32 domiciliary care units and less veterans. Today, VA has programs Initiative, which proposed to admit 196 readjustment counseling centers, for them in only 26 states. non-veterans to two rural VAMCs, may VA has the capacity to treat 1 million

• VA must also prepare for the grow- rear its head again after the November veterans on an inpatient basis and can ing population of aging veterans. Over election. We must be ready to fight it. handle some 23 million outpatient the next two decades, the number of • Finally, VA must live up to its mis- visits each year. veterans over age 75 will increase 193 sion and not put a price on a veteran's The American Legion respects the percent. VA must prepare itself for a service. All eligible veterans with value and contributions of VA's dedi- greater demand for long-term care, service-connected injuries must be able cated doctors, administrators and including adult day care, domiciliary to receive medical care. Those who health-care professionals. But we also care, geriatric ambulatory care, home have sacrificed have earned treatment. can be one of the agency's most vocal health care and respite care. There is no federal agency that has critics, when necessary. • New funding sources are needed VA's potential to develop cost controls We must pressure VA to improve for VA. With more federal budget cuts on for long-term health care. Few federal because number-crunchers have con- the way, we need to allow nonservice- agencies reach out to their constituents venient memories. They remember our connected veterans to use Medicare on the grass-roots level like VA does. complaints but not our praise. They funds to pay for care at VA hospitals. But all is not right with VA. recall the effect, but forget the cause. • VA needs to address the needs of For some veterans, VA has become a We are living in tough times, and women veterans, who will number 1.3 four-letter word. Turned away and money is tight. But there are times million by the year 2000, according to denied treatment, they have come to when you stop counting change and do VA estimates. Services are needed to resent the system. Sooner or later, VA is what is right. accommodate women, including gyne- going to have to win the support of its This is one of those times.

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SHOULD CONGRESS SUPPORT THE PRESIDENT'S TRADE POLICY ON CHINA?

Sen. Max Baucus (D-Montana) Rep. David E. Skaggs (D-Colorado)

Placing conditions on B^fl^t Nearly three years ago, I ^ China's Most Favored J| H ^\|C ^Americans were glued to Nation (MFN) trade sta- I I television sets watching YESFkW [• HP^^I 1 tus is the wrong way to reform China. W —fcW dramatic events unfold in China. Some will defend China's human Thousands took to Tiananmen Square rights abuses, erection of unfair trade in pro-democracy marches and pro- barriers and sales of dangerous ^|Hpk tests. Then, to our horror, the gov- weapons technologies. But placing Jm* eminent of China launched a brutal

conditions on China's MFN status will ^__^_^B_j I ^L2_L^^H military crackdown. not right those wrongs. Putting conditions on MFN status is The Chinese government has continued to oppress its almost certain to set back U.S. efforts to spur reform in citizens, to sell missiles to the Middle East and to engage in China. unfair and restrictive trade practices.

The term "Most Favored Nation" status is a misnomer. Should it be a business-as-usual approach that hopes the

The term implies that it is a special status that we extend Chinese government will improve its ways, or a tougher, only to our closest trading partners. MFN is actually only carrot-and-stick approach that ties American actions to minimum trade status—the trade equivalent of diplomatic demonstrated improvements in those ways? recognition. MFN status is currently extended to Iran, Iraq, The key question has been whether the United States South Africa and Libya—hardly our closest allies. should extend unrestricted Most Favored Nation (MFN) Advocates of placing conditions on MFN are quick to trade status to China. point out that the legislation does not revoke MFN— it For now, at least, the business-as-usual approach is win- merely puts conditions on future extensions of MFN. ning. The President has vetoed a bill to tie renewed MFN Unfortunately, the conditions will not be met and, therefore, treatment of China to definitive improvements in its are tantamount to revocation. This legislation imposes 15 human-rights, trade and arms policies. conditions on future extensions of MFN to China. We shouldn't ignore the effects on our economy of I support the goal behind every condition, but the unfor- China's practice of limiting foreign access to its markets, tunate fact is that China is ruled by a totalitarian regime. exporting to us goods made with prison labor, piracy of Given the choice between remaining in power and retaining software and other U.S. intellectual property rights, and MFN, they are almost certain to choose remaining in power. deliberately mislabeling products to evade U.S. Customs. Reliable press reports indicate that China's hard-line Maintaining our permissive stance has led to a $12.7 bil- Marxists are concerned that closer ties with the West will lion trade deficit with China, now second only to that with bring dangerous ideas, like democracy, to south China. Japan. As we learned at Tiananmen Square, Chinese leaders are Nearly three years after their massacre of protesters willing to use a pretext to crackdown and cut ties with the in Tiananmen Square, China's rulers continue their funda- West. mental disrespect for the rights of Chinese citizens.

It is entirely possible that the mere passage of legislation Let us not be misled by the President's claims that conditions MFN could be used by China's hard-line that putting any conditions on extending MFN status for leaders as an excuse to break commercial ties with the China will isolate Chinese reformers. On the contrary, United States. giving China preferential trade treatment can only strength- The United States has been working to improve trade en the hand of the governmental hard-liners who believe relations with China. Recent legislation has put an end to they can break any promise or law and face no conse- Chinese piracy of intellectual property and Chinese goods quences. The United States is long overdue in taking made with prison labor. a strong stand against Clearly there is still China's immoral and un- 740-VETS progress to be made. But, VETVOICE (900) lawful actions. most favored nation trad- To voice your thoughts on anything in The American Legion magazine, call The people of China VETVOICE (900) 740-VETS. You can vote on current issues, receive a tally ing status is simply the deserve the chance to join that includes your vote, record your opinion, and hear opinions of others. wrong tool to use to win Calls cost $1 per minute and proceeds support Legion programs. in the march toward free- reform in China. dom.

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION Clarifier

The hearing aid that focuses on the things you want to hear.

Hearing a conversation over the sound of a party or the ocean is difficult with most hearing aids. That's because they amplify all sounds, including bothersome background noise. But not the Miracle-Ear® Clarifier.™

The Clarifier.™ The hearing aid that automatically reduces background noise.

The Miracle-Ear Clarifier has an improved filter system that automatically reduces low- frequency noise and boosts speech so you can hear more easily what people are saying. If you find yourself asking others to repeat themselves, or if you constantly turn up the The Clarifier also adjusts automatically to TV — it's time to find out how the Clarifier the volume of sounds around you. So you help you. To receive a FREE copy of can walk from a quiet conversation in one may the booklet, Sound Advice from Miracle-Ear, room into a noisy room without having to mail the attached card or call manually adjust your hearing aid.

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®1990 Dahlberg, Inc. Miracle-Ear is a registered trademark of Dahlberg, Inc. The Miracle-Ear symbol is a trademark of Dahlberg Inc. PR2852 A Journey To Hanoi ation (MWR) programs are supposed to be made more efficient so they Former Congressman John LeBoutil- are not perceived as perks. lier, always outspoken on the POW/ In retaliation, expect Congress to MIA issue— he once argued for paying come under renewed attack for its use of reparations to Hanoi for POWs— has military aircraft on domestic and for- generated even more controversy. At eign junkets. Most of these costs are press time, he was planning a commu- absorbed by the Pentagon. Washing- nist Vietnam trip financed by U.S. busi- ton's use of military personnel as ness interests who are anxious for trade pilots, chefs and chauffeurs is also with Hanoi. Some POW/MIA activists destined to become a hot topic. say the idea is bold, while others say it Meanwhile, the Navy's operation of is a dangerous trap. the congressional medical clinic may Working with the Vietnam America come to an end. Congress is now being Trade and Investment Consulting Cor- charged for the medical care and drugs poration (Vatico), LeBoutillier claims that used to be free. the backing of several POW/MIA groups hoping to resolve the issue by searching on the ground for Americans SDI Spending in Southeast Asia. However, LeBoutil- The Congressional decision to spend lier said he wouldn't make the trip $4.15 billion on the Strategic Defense unless Vietnam agreed to "no-notice, Initiative (SDI) in the 1992 defense on site-inspections" of any facilities r budget was good news to Star Wars suspected of holding POW/MIAs. If advocates. The SDI spending surpasses Americans are located, LeBoutillier ATCH last year's by more than $1 billion but says there should be no retribution didn't meet President Bush's request for against Vietnam for holding them. By Kincaid $5.4 billion. Although the plan only Skeptics say Hanoi would try to Cliff calls for a ground-based anti-missile manipulate the delegation and hide the m site, SDI supporters are optimistic that POWs. Vatico says it hopes his trip will Council on the Rights of the Child, has interest will grow in technologies such result in the United States lifting its been pressuring the Bush administra- as the "Brilliant Pebbles" anti-missile trade embargo on Vietnam, and that it tion to submit for ratification a United defense system in space. provides opportunities for American Nations treaty on children's rights. businessmen eager to get a piece of the But a Clinton campaign built around economic action already being ex- the theme of protecting America's chil- Russia Vs. Ukraine ploited by the Japanese. dren will be countered by charges, Relations between Russia and the already aired by public television, that Ukraine are deteriorating, with Ukrain- Chernobyl In Cuba the Arkansas child welfare system was ian President Leonid Kravchuk seeking U.S. policy-makers are increasingly a disaster under the governor. the West's protection against his neigh- nervous about continued Russian con- bor. Members of the Ukrainian National struction of a nuclear power plant in Airline Protest Assembly who visited Washington have been spreading tales of secret Russian Cuba. President Yeltsin agreed to con- A revolt is brewing against the fare paramilitary forces being financed by tinue the project as long as Cuba paid in changes announced by the airline indus- the West. In response, they are creating hard currency. A U.S. government study try. The airlines say almost everyone a national defense force of their own. found that a Chernobyl-type disaster in stands to gain from the elimination of They say Russian Vice President Alex- Cuba could produce a radioactive cloud discount plans and rates. But the reduc- ander Rutskoy, a decorated soldier in over most of the Eastern seaboard and tion in coach fares doesn't match the the Soviet-Afghan war, is the leading portions of Texas and Louisiana. Secu- bigger cuts in fares for first class and force behind a resurgence of Russian rity experts want Yeltsin to be asked business passengers. imperialism. Rutskoy has recently been about it during his U.S. visit. In addition, the cuts still don't match leading efforts to free Soviet POWs the discounts which existed for military from liberated Afghanistan. Clinton-Bradley Ticket? personnel and those who had to travel at a moment's notice because of medical Apparent Democratic Presidential emergencies. But airline executives are nominee Bill Clinton is expected to Recognize Kurdistan expected to issue orders accommodat- pick New Jersey Senator Bill Bradley as The President is coming under growing hardship and bereavement cases. his running mate. Bradley has geo- ing pressure to grant diplomatic recog- graphical appeal. But he also has some- nition to oil-rich Kurdistan in northern thing in common with Hillary Clinton Military Perks Iraq. Supporters say the move would —advocacy of children's rights. Brad- Pentagon officials are reported to be defang Iraq and help stabilize the region. ley, co-chairman of the Advisory seething over a congressionally man- But, U.S. recognition is probably not dated study of recreational activities for forthcoming because Turkey, a strong Washington-based Cliff Kincaid writes soldiers and their families at military U.S. ally in the Gulf War, fears an inde- for Human Events and other publications. bases. The morale, welfare and recre- pendent Kurdistan on its border.

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION A Breathtaking Portrayal of America's Proud Symbol

4mm rim of 23K gold border Limited edition

A majestic bald eagle "stands watch" over the Chilkat River in south-eastern , Respond by: July 31 1 992 i Alaska. Known as the "Bald Eagle Council i

in the I Winter I plates per collector Grounds," this official bald eagle preserve Limit Two often hosts thousands of the mighty Please accept my application for (1 or 2) birds—attracted to the salmon that come "Winter in the Valley" plate(s) at $37.50* (plus to spawn in the naturally spring warmed Valley $2.68 shipping and handling) each, payable in 2 . waters. monthly installments of $ ($20.09 fori Now, this hauntingly beautiful scene has "Winter in the Valley," you will have the or $40.18 for 2 plates). Check one: utmi qh aa . been captured on fine porcelain by award- right— but never the obligation—to acquire Check or money order enclosed , Charge my: Visa MasterCard Amer. Exp. . winning artist John Pitcher in "Winter in each issue in the Seasons of the Bald Eagle the Valley." One of four spectacular works collection as presented to you. The Hamil- Exp. Date | I Acct.No from the Seasons the Bald Eagle Plate Col- ton Collection 100% Buy-Back Guarantee of Ms./Mrs./Mr lection, "Winter in the Valley" premieres allows you to return any plate within 30 [ j

Address | this series of original art portraits depicting days of receipt for a prompt replacement or I eagles in various locations during the dif- full refund. I State Zip City [ ferent seasons of the year. As the first collector plate series from this ) Telephone ( | Each issue will be enhanced with a gener- award-winning artist, "Winter in the Valley"

I Signature ' ous 4mm 23K gold rim, numbered on its represents a superb collecting opportunity * state sales tax. ! I FL residents add $1.13 per plate payment for reverse, and accompanied by a Certificate for wildlife art enthusiasts. Applications will to acceptance. Please I All applications must be signed and are sublet | of Authenticity in an edition limited to a be considered in order of receipt. Submit allow 6-8 weeks from receipt of your application for shipment. total of 14 firing days. As an owner of yOUrS today! © 1991 HC All Rights Reserved. Collection i ! The Hamilton 4810 Executive Park Ct, P.O. Box 44051, Jacksonville, FL 3223H051 j —

Convention '92

Another convention highlight, the annual parade, is scheduled a day ear- ALL lier, Sunday, Aug. 23. Some 14,000 ABOARD FOR people and 75 to 100 vehicles, including tanks and armored personnel carriers, will parade along North Michigan Avenue and congregate on Lower East Wacker Drive. Military personnel representing the CHICAGO Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines and Coast Guard will join Legionnaires in the parade and will be accompanied by Legion Posts and high school The Legion bands. plans to stand A Sunday evening Bears-Steelers football game has prompted city offi- its ground and cials to request the parade be over by 4 p.m., leaving only three hours, start to fight for the finish, for the event. rights of Despite all the glitter of the festival and parade, the Convention is still America's very much a work place for most veterans at the Legionnaires. In national commission and committee meetings along the 74th National Chicago River at the Sheraton Chicago Convention. Hotel & Towers, Legionnaires will dis- cuss the Legion's agenda to: • preserve the VA health- system; • stem the tide of swift comprehen- OOKING for excitement, sive defense cuts; soft music and hard • issues? Why not join obtain a full accounting of U.S. some 20,000 fellow POW/MIAs; • Legionnaires at The push for a constitutional amend- American Legion's 74th ment to protect the U.S. Flag from desecration; Annual National Con- PEERLESS PIER The Convention • vention, Aug. 21-27, in festival will be Monday, Aug. 24, on secure more stringent regulation Chicago? You won't Chicago's Navy Pier. of foreign lobbyists; • regret it. press for a new GI Bill for Desert Imagine a breathtaking skyline view Storm veterans; and of Chicago from floor-to-ceiling win- You will be greeted as conquering • seek reduced postal rates for The dows. Imagine an elegant ballroom, heroes as you enter the Navy Pier American Legion and other federally crowned by an 80-foot domed ceiling, through one of five spiraling balloon chartered veterans organizations. filled with the sounds of WWII music. arches while a crowd of people cheer Legion leaders have invited Imagine WWII aircraft flying over- and a marching band signals your President George Bush and his head, a husband and wife daredevil arrival. Democratic opponent in this election team who walk on a biplane's wings in year to speak before the Convention, mid-flight and a parachuting team that N THE crowd, you will see famous and tell Legionnaires where they stand carries the Chicago flag on its descent. Hollywood personalities, clowns, on issues that concern veterans.

No need to imagine it. This year's jugglers, magicians, mimes and With serious debate and spectacular Convention festival, held at Chicago's women dressed as 1940s-style Wacs, celebrations, the 74th National historic Navy Pier along Lake Waves, Cigarette Girls and "Rosie the Convention in Chicago is within driv- Michigan, offers just such a spectacle. Riveter" factory workers. You will ing distance for many Legionnaires. And more. feel, taste and touch WWII America. Amtrak, however, is offering a 10 Vocalist Rosemary Clooney will be A classic car show will display auto- percent discount for Legionnaires the headline attraction at the festival mobiles from the 1940s to the present. traveling to the Convention. For more and will entertain Legionnaires with If you're bringing your family, your information, call Amtrak at (800) her renditions of WWII songs. children will love the petting zoo and USA-RAIL or (800) 872-7245. Ask for In honor of the 50th Anniversary of playground at the Navy Pier, as well as Fares Order X35A-918. World War II, the festival's theme will the refreshing boat cruises along Lake Also, Northwest Airlines will award be "Alliance for Freedom," in tribute Michigan. one lucky Legionnaire registered at to the Allies who defeated the Axis The festival will take place Monday, the Convention with a five night vaca- countries. Aug. 24, from 3 p.m. to 9 p.m. tion package for two.

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION Fourth of July Collector's Issue From the National Historic Mint

1 "TPledge of fillegiance M, ^Dinner "Bells

Crystal 1 Genuine 8% Lead

Choose color: AS LOW • Clear—$5 AS • Silver—$6 • Gold — 5 $7 • Imported 8% lead crystal! • Nearly half-a-foot high! • Embellished with Pledge of Allegiance! • Embossed with American eagles!

Special "Fourth of July" offer. For the 100th anniversary of the Pledge of Allegiance—the National Historic Mint is issuing genuine imported 8% lead crystal "Pledge of Allegiance" Crystal Dinner Bells for only $5—guaranteed!— to the first 10,000 who M respond.

Official National Historic Mint "Collectible"

Nationally publicized by The Mint in leading media, each bell is crafted of genuine 8% lead crystal with embossed American YES, rush my "Pledge of Allegiance" Eagles adorning two sides and the Pledge of Allegiance on the Dinner Bell in the color checked below: third side. Almost half-a-foot tall, they're perfect for mantel, CLEAR $5 (E58693) SILVER $6 (E58692) GOLD $7 (E58690) tabletop or cabinet display. SAVE ON THE GOLD!

SORRY—we reserve right to limit 5 per address and extend 2 for $13 3 for $18 5 for $29 (E5869oi time and quantity guarantees. Hurry! In NY & CA add sales tax. Add $2.75 shpg. & hdlg. The NationalHistoric Mint is a private corporation not affiliated for each bell ordered. Make checks payable to NHM, Ltd. as agent or otherwise with U.S. Government. Or charge to VISA MASTERCARD (Enter all 13 or 16 card numbers below.)

The Pledge of Allegiance Story Card# Card Expire Date (Mo) (Yr). The Pledge of Allegiance was written nearly 100 years ago by Francis

Bellarmy. Enormously popular, it ex- Mr/Mrs Ms/Miss pressed the national spirit so well that it

was eventually adopted by our govern- Address ment as the official Pledge of Allegiance to City/State/Zip

the Flag and is now recited every day by " l"0/uu uo ' MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE schoolchildren throughout America. The FULL ONE-YEAR ALLOW UP TO 6-8 WEEKS FOR SHIPMENT Mint proudly commemorates this historic National Historic Mint Ltd. Pledge Bell 100th anniversary with the Pledge of Dept. 570-228 Box 256 Jericho, NY 11753 Allegiance Crystal Bell.

"foUR AMERICAN LEGION

PRIDE Legionnaires were the largest donors to The Wall building fund, contributing $1.3 million. A DECADE OF REMEMBRANCE

*mj HE CROWD begins to The Wall referred to, is celebrating its 10th L. Ji thin as the sun slowly anniversary this year with special sinks and the shadows commemorotes its events, seminars and concerts. lengthen. A middle- Millions of Americans—including aged man moves for- 10th anniversary Vietnam War veterans, and families ward, his steps slow and and friends of U.S. servicemen and mum this year. For H halting, as if he was women killed in Vietnam—are expect- uncertain of his deci- many veterans, ed to visit the 492-foot long black wall HHhhH sion to leave the tree of granite this year. The National Park this is line where he had waited for hours. memorial a Service, caretakers of The Wall, says He paces past the monument's place of healing. that today the children and even reflective segments, searching for grandchildren of Vietnam veterans are panel 14W. He stops and counts down among the 2.5 million visiting the the lines. There it is, the name he Wall annually. came to see. hand rests on his shoulder. And a "The Wall is a healing place," says He kneels, rummages in his pocket stranger says, "Welcome home, broth- former Army Vietnam veteran Jan and pulls out a faded medal, laying it er. Welcome home." Scruggs, director of the Vietnam at the base of the panel. Then he This scene has been played out Veterans Memorial Fund (WMF). "A reaches out and touches the name. The thousands of times in a variety of ways lot of reunions are planned around the tears come—tears he's held in check since the Vietnam Veterans Memorial anniversary this year and we expect for so many years. Now the healing was erected in Washington, D.C., in many veterans will be reunited for the can begin. 1982. first time since Vietnam." There, in the dwindling twilight, a The Wall, as it is commonly Please turn to page 46

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION PEARL HARBOR

On December 7th 1941 the Japanese Imperial Navy launched a massive WiYEARSwi pre-emptive air strike against the U.S. Pacific Fleet, based at Pearl Harbor. Authentic This act of aggression will be Die-Cast Models remembered as one of the most historically important events Commemoratingthe entry of of the Second War, bringing as it did, the United States World the U.S. ArmeoForces into ^fc^lo|America into the conflict. the Second World War The models in this set represent These two commemorative sets have typical vehicles used by the 1^ been made with care and attention by + ^ U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine skilled craftsmen. All the models have d been carefully researched and include 0r Corps during this period. ^1 ^|| 0 fine detail in both the castings and the -1 printed military markings. Each set is presented in a special full color window display pack to ensure that the models remain in mint condition. These are just two sets from the range of models you can collect in the popular |T)ays Gone" Series - Made in England ' Lledo PLC.

callI

Monday thru Friday 8.00am - 5.00pm. Please allow 4- 6 weeks for delivery.

Satisfaction Guaranteed or your money refunded!

Send to :- Lledo Collectibles, 1650 Bluegrass Lakes Parkway, Alpharetta GA 30201

Quantity Ref. Description Price Total ' U.S. ARMY TRANSPORT 1941-1942 1 Pearl Harbor Collection(s) $25.00 Following the attack on Pearl Harbor the U.S. Army was 2 ILS. Army Collection(s) $25.00 immediately mobilized and soon became involved in all the i 3 Purchase both Collections - SAVE $10 $40.00 major theatres of the war; not only in the Pacific, but also in Sub total $ Africa and later in Europe with the D-Day landings and the P&P $2.50 push to capture Berlin. Georgia residents add 6% Sales Tax $ The models in this set represent typical vehicles used TOTAL $ by the U.S. Army for the first year following enclose my check or money order for .made payable t America's entry $_ into the war. Lledo Collectibles or charge my credit card for $

Card visa Mastercard Expiration Date!J.

card no. TTTTI 1 UUDEDDC

Signature

(Mandatory on all Credit Card Orders) Name I PUDGE ALLEGIANCE

Thirty-one words. Liberty. Justice, indivisible. Under God. We've recited them so often and we know them so well, we don't have to think about them. But what do they mean? What do they really say? What do Americans really pledge?

By Fran Roberts

OES the following off in much the same fashion as a independence, and that the white stars II £ 1H sound familiar? grammar school student reciting—for of statehood are situated on a field of "Ipledgeallegianceto the umpteenth time—"Trees" or "Paul loyalty (blue). theflagoftheUnited Revere's Ride" or "Flanders Fields." The American flag is a symbol of BIB StatesofAmerica," But the Pledge of Allegiance is not a freedom. It is a symbol of the open- mm "andtotherepublicfor- classic bit of poetry. And it's not a heartedness toward others in time of I whichitstands. bunch of words to be mindlessly need for which the United States is JH "onenation repeated. It is, quite literally, a pledge. known throughout the world. mmWmWmmmt "underGod, A vow. And every time we repeat it, But in making this pledge, we are "indivisible, we are reaffirming our commitment to not vowing our loyalty to some pieces "withlibertyandjusticeforall." the country we call "home." of cloth that have been sewn together The Pledge of Allegiance. We know according to a special design. We are it so well that we just rattle it off every "I pledge allegiance to the flag of vowing loyalty to the country that the ." time we recite it. the United States of America . . flag represents: The United States of But what's it all about? What do America. those 31 words mean? In these, the first 12 words, we state " During the past year, American our voluntary commitment of loyalty . . . and to the republic for flags have been flown from houses and to the flag that represents the United which it stands ..." businesses in greater numbers than at States. any other time in recent years. The flag, whether called "Old Republic? Isn't the United States a Americans have proudly recited the Glory" or "The Stars and Stripes" or, democracy? Pledge of Allegiance at thousands of simply, "the American flag," is a rec- The dictionary explains that a public and private gatherings. tangular combination of red and white republic is "any political order that is But how often have we stopped to stripes, and white stars on a field of not a monarchy ... a constitutional consider the words—and the mean- blue. form of government, especially a ing—of the Pledge of Allegiance? Historians have long argued the democratic one." From the time we enter school, we meaning of the stars and stripes. The United States of America is, Americans recite the Pledge of Some say they stand for the white of indeed, a republic, and its flag of red, Allegiance thousands of times. All too liberty representing the separation white and blue is its symbol. often, however, the words are rattled from the mother country (red), with More important, however, is the white on blue signifying the stars of inclusion of the republic in the pledge Free-lance writer Fran Roberts' heaven. of allegiance. When saying those work has appeared in The New York Others insist that the white stripes words, the speaker is vowing his or her Times, Prevention and other publica- represent liberty bearing the red loyalty not only to a banner, but also to tions. (stripes) of blood shed in the battle for the nation that the banner represents.

THE AMERICAN LEGION —

Legionnaires Rally Round The Flag

LEGIONNAIRES could not believe what they heard in June 1989. The Supreme Court

said in its Texas v. Johnson decision that it was OK to burn the U.S. Rag. But the shock and dis- belief of Legionnaires nationwide soon became iron-willed resolve. Legionnaires knew there was a job to be done: protect the flag. And Legionnaires knew the best way to get that job done: a constitutional amendment. In a national campaign, the Legion is urging its members to convince their state legislatures to pass memorializing resolutions to protect the flag. At press time, 25 states have adopted such resolutions. These resolutions ask Congress to write a narrowly drawn constitutional amendment. This amendment, if ratified by 38 states, would become the law of the land. "The words of the Pledge of Allegiance mean much to every Legionnaire, just like the Stars and Stripes," says National Com- mander Dominic D. DiFrancesco. "The only way to protect the flag is with a constitutional amendment. Legionnaires believe this, and so do most Americans."

Since the Texas v. Johnson decision, the Legion has passed several resolutions at its national conventions calling for a constitutional amendment to protect the U.S. Flag from physical desecration. The most recent was Res. 172, unanimously passed at the 73rd National Convention in Phoenix last year. PATRIOTS' CREED The pledge is a vow, and every time we repeat i nationwide for an our commitment to the country we call home. Support amendment to protect the flag has increased since the Supreme

". . . one nation under God ..." But the nation's relationship to God Court decision. According to a was evident even before the November 1991 Gallup Poll com- When this country was founded, Declaration of Independence was missioned by The American there was as much emphasis placed on dreamed. King James of England Legion, three out of four Amer- the worship of God as there was on reportedly charged early settlers to icans said they wanted a constitu- allegiance to the government. The establish their colonies in strict accor- tional amendment to make flag original pledge of allegiance was first dance with God's laws and cautioned burning illegal. published in 1892 and the wording them against feeling so self-sufficient In a similar Gallup Poll in was somewhat different than it is that they didn't look to their Divine Please turn to page 52 today. Please turn to page 52

JULY 1992 19 20 — — TICK..

squalor and crime. In 1950, only the cities of New York, London and The population time bomb hasn't gone away. Shanghai had more than 10 million people. Today, 15 cities are that large, It keeps on ticking: 5.4 billion now, another and one—Mexico City—is home to 23 billion every decade. If we don't defuse it million. Today's teeming masses also pose a soon, it will destroy our home—Earth. significant threat to the Earth itself. In fact, many observers now view population and environment as a single issue. By Gary TUrbak pace. In 8000 B.C., Homo sapiens Acid rain, oil spills, global warm- numbered only about 5 million. By ing, plant and animal extinction, 1550, there were still only half a bil- garbage gluts, ozone depletion, deser-

GENERATION ago, Am- lion people, and it was taking 1,500 tification, air and water pollution, erica buzzed with the years for the population to double. nuclear waste, deforestation, soil ero- belief that the world would Then came the explosion. In less sion and resource consumption soon have too many peo- than 200 years, human numbers dou- they're all tied to burgeoning human pie. bled. A century later, they doubled numbers. The Population Bomb, again. The last doubling—to 5.4 bil- "The size of the human population I written in 1968 by Stan- lion people—took only 39 years. affects virtually every environmental ford professor Paul Every decade now, another billion problem facing our planet," says Susan Ehrlich, became a bible people join the planet. In 1990 alone, Weber, executive director of Zero for the then-fledgling the human tally rose by 96 million Population Growth (ZPG), a environmental movement an increase of 263,000 people every Washington, D.C., watchdog group on that said the Earth was day, 11,000 every hour. In the seven population issues. going to hell in a baby buggy. seconds it takes you to read this sen- But the population explosion, the tence, the world will increase by 21 JUST as a square mile of forest can global famine and population wars people. sustain only a given number of that were predicted did not happen. About a billion of these souls live in deer, there are limits to the num- Was it just another group of wretched poverty, and the living stan- ber of people the Earth can support. In alarmists crying "wolf?" Not by a long dards of another 3 billion resemble some areas—Mexico City and proba- shot. The threat has not been defused, those of the United States a century bly even New York and Los Angeles and the population bomb continues to ago. people have already exceeded those tick away today, closer than ever to The Population Crisis Committee, a limits, says Dianne Sherman, ZPG exploding. Washington, D.C., organization that communications director. In the two decades since anxiety promotes global family planning, A precise tool for tracking popula- over the world population slipped from recently surveyed international living tion is the Total Fertility Rate (TFR), the limelight, the number of humans conditions. It found that in 74 the average number of children a on our planet has risen a whopping 50 nations—containing about 70 percent woman bears in her lifetime. With a percent—from 3.6 billion to 5.4 bil- of all people—human suffering was national TFR of 2.1 —which means lion. And they are still climbing. either high or extremely high. Fifty-six each woman is essentially replacing "Humanity is quickly breeding other countries—with only 30 percent herself and her mate—a country's pop- itself into a corner," write Ehrlich and of the people—had moderate or mini- ulation eventually will level off. The his wife, Ann, in their new book, The mal suffering. extra . 1 accounts for children who die Population Explosion. The nations with the most human before reaching reproductive age. History supports the Ehrlichs' con- misery have runaway populations that Actual stabilization of a population clusions. For many millennia, human double every 17 to 35 years. Con- may be a long time coming, however, population grew at an incredibly slow versely, the best living conditions are because births may continue to exceed in nations with slow growth rates. deaths for decades after a nation Montana-based Gary Turbak is a Increasing urbanization adds to the reaches a 2.1 TFR. regular contributor to this magazine. problem by creating massive zones of Please turn to page 53

JULY 1992 21 INSIDE THE GOVERNMENT MACHINE: PART 4

STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

While the world copies our federal system of government cities and states struggle with less money, more poverty and more crime. The answer is local people finding local solutions, says government expert Richard R Nathan.

CAUGHT BETWEEN rising demands we tend to think of the underclass as much bigger than it for costly services and taxpayer resis- really is. Even so, poverty is more concentrated in the tance to paying the bills, state and local cities, and that creates enormous challenges for both the big governments are in a jam. The solution: cities and their states. Get better, says Dr. Richard P. Nathan, an We've found that throwing money at them just doesn't authority on state and local government work. What we have are people problems, and they can be problems. solved only by people. Nathan, distinguished professor of politi- Aren't the problems worsened by taxpayer and cal science and public policy at the Q. flight the inner city? Rockefeller College of Public Affairs, State University of business from • That's been historically true because people don't New York at Albany, spoke with The American Legion live in dangerous neigh- magazine for the fourth of our series, "Inside The A. want to these distressed and Government Machine." borhoods, and I'm speaking of both white and black people. The concentration of the underclass in the inner city is American Legion Magazine: Dr. Nathan, cities due in part to the success of the American civil rights revo- and states face mounting demands for public services lution, which has enabled many blacks, Hispanics and even while their revenues are shrinking badly, forcing immigrant groups to move to better areas. them to try to raise taxes. How bad is this state/local budget crisis? Q. Is there any city that is doing well in tackling these problems? Dr. Richard Hainan: In the 1980s, with a stronger - We're now seeing lots of successes. Brave people are economy, state and local governments often ran surpluses A. doing great things working in their communities. and were able to do more. But with the recession, with fed- When you go out and meet these people who are doing eral aid being cut and many problems deepening, big cities heroic jobs under great odds without much pay or thanks, and particularly the distressed inner city neighborhoods you have to conclude that there is hope. face mounting trouble. As for particular cities that are doing a good job, one has to stipulate, first, that the United States doesn't have a Q. What can be done about it? nationwide urban crisis. What we have are some older - In Washington people tend to think in terms of easy cities, particularly those that have very large concentrations A. answers, but the inner cities are dangerous places and of the poor and minorities, cities which are loosing busi- the people who live there are caught up in multiple prob- nesses and jobs—these are the cities where the problems lems of drugs, welfare dependence, lack of jobs, family are the worst. breakups, crack babies, AIDS and homelessness. The worse problems are getting more severe, although Q. Is a metropolitan-area government system part of

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION "" " "

HIGHLIGHTS

Rudumd Nattuxx Oh...

The crisis: "The inner cities are dangerous places. But the United States doesn't have a nationwide urban crisis. We have some older cities where the problems are the worst.

The underclass: "We forget that the people who live in the worst slums are really a small group—maybe 3 million.

The answer: "It is not more money. The answer is values, working with people to take care of their families to get them out of the places where welfare

is most concentrated.

Hope: "When you meet the people who are doing heroic jobs under great odds without much pay or thanks, you have to conclude there is hope. the answer in terms of building a broader, stronger base H Well, there are some very good things that are being for action? A- done. A That's important. Older cities have the worse problems, There's a group called the Local Initiative Support . in part because their boundaries were set a 100 years Corporation (LISC), which raises money from large corpo- ago. That should be contrasted with cities that are newer, rations and then loans that money to community develop- particularly in the south and west, where their boundaries ment corporations (CDCs). CDCs all over the country build extend across a much greater territory. Like Nashville, housing and commercial centers. James Rouse, the noted Oklahoma City, Jacksonville—and Indianapolis, which developer, has a similar organization called the Enterprise merged with surrounding Marion County. Foundation. Thus, the whole region can be treated as an economic So, there are people in the south Bronx, in Cleveland and entity for development and for dealing with the problems of elsewhere who are buying houses and fixing them up and the city core. creating .better neighborhoods.

Q- Is there any real hope of eliminating the slums and Q- But does that solve the problem of teaching the restoring the physical appearance of blighted city underclass to take care of those neighborhoods? areas? Please turn to page 56

JULY 1992 23 IN MY OPINION

A CINGHSSIINIL SCANDAL THAT TOUCHES EVERY AMERICAN

are putting on a full court press. They By William S. Broomfield THE POSTAL intimidate members with the enormous clout the postal organization AMERICAN peo- SERVICE CETS wields through strong-arm lobbying ple have had it up to and PAC contributions. THEhere with declining WORSE AND Let me give you an example. postal service and ris- When I introduced the resolution ing postal costs, yet last year, 127 fellow members of the Congress has turned its COSTS MORE. House rushed to sign on as co-spon- back on the issue. sors. That means that they supported Why? Money. Cam- BUT CONCRESS this resolution as if it were their own paign contributions. legislation. Political Action Committee (PAC) LOOKS THE Members came up to me on the money controlled by postal union offi- floor of the House and said, "Bill, I've cials here in Washington. In 1987-88, been getting complaints from all over the last election year cycle to be fully OTHER WAY my district about the Postal Service. reported, the top eight postal PACs It's a mess. Sign me on." doled out more than $3.5 million. HERE'S WHY It didn't take long for the postal- This is a congressional scandal that congressional complex to marshal its touches every household, every small forces, particularly the postal unions. business, every institution, large or sent the public interest; instead they They had their lobbyists swarming all small, in America. are purposely shielding the inner over Capitol Hill. In each case, the

At a time when it is getting harder workings of this decaying institution implication was the same: You support and harder for two-earner families to from public view. the Broomfield resolution and we're get all the family chores done during Last year I introduced a resolution cutting you off. No more campaign the workweek, and when more and in the House of Representatives that contributions.

more businesses are staying open on would create a blue-ribbon, bipartisan The first inkling I had of their polit- weekends, the Postal Service is closing commission to look into the many ical and financial muscle came when some of its post offices on Saturdays, constituent complaints that Congress one fellow member and then another, reducing window hours at other post has been getting about the U.S. Postal both co-sponsors and strong support- offices, and removing collection boxes Service. ers of the resolution, came up to me from convenient locations. and asked me to withdraw their names would investigate And they are getting away with it. THE commission as co-sponsors. They're getting away with it because ways of improving management to The reason? Money. The thousands there's an unholy alliance of Postal provide better service at more rea- upon thousands of dollars that the Service management, postal union sonable prices. postal unions pour into each congres- officials and congressional committee The time is ripe for such a commis- sional race. members who are supposed to be sion, yet the House committee that Twenty-three out of a total of 127 overseeing the operations of the Postal oversees the Postal Service is co-sponsors have since asked me to Service. stonewalling the resolution. In fact, it withdraw their names. In one case, a One might think that congressional has erected a stone wall around the co-sponsor asked that his name be committee members would be espe- operations of the Postal Service that is withdrawn, and then he later asked

cially zealous in their effort to repre- higher than the Tower of Babel and that it be restored. I like to think his longer than the Great Wall of China. constituents got so mad at him that he

William S. Broomfield is a Republi- Everywhere I turn, the Postal changed his heart. He finally realized can Congressman from Michigan. Service and their friends in Congress whom he was sent to represent.

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION ROCKET MAIL The future of mail delivery could be shaped by a bipartisan commission that would promote faster service at reasonable rates.

ties in Royal Oak, Mich.; Edmond, Okla.; and other locations in recent years are terrible but persuasive testimony to the problems that continue to fester under the management of the Postal Service. In the wake of the shoot-

ings in Royal Oak, I received a number of calls from postal employees in other areas of the nation. In each call the message was the same: working conditions are intolerable, and what happened at Royal Oak can happen again—and right here. My resolution responds to their concerns and to those of millions of Ameri- cans who use the postal

system and have watched it deteriorate. Its monopoly position, its size, and the congressional committees that

have shielded it from public scrutiny have given the Postal Service an indiffer- ence to the public interest that no other organization, public or private, could afford to assume.

It's been 22 years since the old Post Office was re-

From my vantage point, I see the the proposed commission. established as a quasi-independent situation turning into a stand-off I've heard from postmasters, union agency. Twenty-two years should be between two powerful forces. On one officials, and men and women of the enough time to see whether an organi- side are Postal Service management, Postal Service who serve on the front zation is fulfilling its mandate, postal union officials and their friends lines. whether its structure is adequate to its in Congress. On the other, the vast The workers who write us have a mission, whether it is doing what majority of the people they are sup- real stake in the Postal Service. They Congress intended it to do. posed to serve—more than 100 mil- know that their organization could be It's time to take a fresh and impar- lion homes and businesses. managed a lot better, and they have the tial look at the system and see whether One postal union official from the integrity, the courage and the civic the American people are getting their Midwest wrote me to say that his responsibility to come forward and ask money's worth. The people should be union local had been the subject of a that something be done about it. confident their Congress has the guts

Postal Service campaign to sabotage The mass shootings at postal facili- to do something about it.

JULY 1992 25 F O AMERICA Which Way To Go?

The health-care system can do little to control the need for health care. But

the way in which it provides care can be made more efficient. There is widespread agreement that the system needs to be overhauled. Numerous bills have been introduced in Congress, and President Bush has outlined his plan in response to them.

Although it may appear that the issue is merely how to extend insurance coverage for those who are uninsured and how to contain costs, the debate really is—or should be—more fundamental than that. The basic issue many jobs would be lost. is whether the health system should be These proposals are being thwarted under the discipline and constraints of by the healthy and common-sense competition or controlled by govern- argument that government control of ment. health care would not work, and would Most proposals for reform would produce a health-care system that was greatly increase government control unacceptable to the people.

over health care. Under some propos- It is inconceivable that the govern- als, the government would set a limit ment—which cannot even put its own on the total amount Americans could budget in order—would be able to cal- Government should spend for health care and set prices for culate what is the right amount of total every health-care service. expenditures for health. stay out of the Other proposals call for a The government has not been health-care business. Canadian-style system, in which the known for keeping its promises to government pays for everyone's health those who rely on it for services, nor ______care and private insurance is outlawed. has it been known for conducting its Because it spends the money, the gov- operations efficiently. ernment would decide how much to Veterans, Medicare beneficiaries,

devote to health care and who gets it. the poor who receive Medicaid, Post MERICANS receive the A third approach is to require Office patrons and numerous other best health care in the employers to provide health insurance Americans who receive government world. But the health- and, if they do not, force them to pay a services can attest to that. care system has two tax supposedly to be used to supply Inevitably, the government would major problems: cost of government coverage. Please turn to page 50 health care and the large number of "Play or pay," is the a round-about people— 15 percent of the popula- way of introducing a Canadian system. John Hoff practices law in tion—who do not have any insurance Whether they play or pay, the cost of Washington, D.C., specializing in at all. hiring a worker would increase and health-care matters.

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION —

CONSULTATION The basic issue is whether the nation's health-care system should remain in the free market or be managed by the government.

Program" calls for expanded tax cred-

its, vouchers and deductions, devotes

little attention to financing or overall cost control. And the Heritage Foundation, which would require universal purchase of health insurance, is nonetheless presented as "pro-competitive." Others argue for "managed care," while the New York Times regularly extols something called "managed competition" as the right reform of American medical care. Congressman Marty Russo of Illinois, we are told, promotes Canada's universal health insurance as his model, while a strik- ingly similar proposal by Nebraska's Sen. Bob Kerrey is described by the media as "national health insurance." It is almost impossible for most Americans to make sense of this hodgepodge. Whatever approach reform takes, responsible advocates must at least answer the following key questions: • What medical care will be insured? • How do we pay for the medical care provided? • How do we distribute the finan- policies that alienate patients and cial burden fairly? A national health-care physicians alike. Survey after survey • How do we place defensible bor- dissatis- ders on what we spend? plan, like Canada's, finds a majority of Americans fied with the financing of American • How do we ensure that the system works best. medicine and fearful about its future. is accountable, and of reasonable qual- The undesirability of our medical ity and reliability, and is administered arrangements has become common properly? fare. But what is worse, Americans One advantage in being the last By Theodore R. Marmor pay more for incomplete coverage than industrial nation to address this topic the citizens of other countries do for is that we can learn from the experi- S WE enter the full swing universal coverage. ences of others. Other countries have of the 1992 Presidential Canada, France and West Germany, controlled medical inflation by taking HRI mm primary season, the for example, provide universal cover- advantage of the power of monop- American public is liter- age to their populations at a cost of 8 sony—the advantage of having one ally deluged with propos- percent to 9.5 percent of their GNP. purchaser, but many providers com- als for health-care reform. Britain, Japan and Australia do so for peting across the bargaining table. No one seriously doubts that between 6 percent and 7 percent of Universal, but administratively American medicine is in trouble. In their GNP. decentralized health insurance is 1991, total health expenditures were The richest country in the world, workable. Australia allows its states to estimated to be more than $800 bil- spending a larger share of its GNP on administer their universal plans. West lion—approaching 14 percent of the health than any other industrialized Please turn to page 51 gross national product (GNP). Over 34 democracy, should be able to do bet- million Americans today are without ter. Theodore R. Marmor is professor of health insurance and countless more The array of reform proposals, from public policy and management at the are underinsured. minute tinkering to fundamental School of Organization and Manage- Some health insurance plans are reform, is bewildering. President ment, Yale University, and co-author of failing; others struggle to contain pre- Bush, for example, whose $100 billion America's Misunderstood Welfare mium increases with "managed care" "Comprehensive Health Reform State.

JULY 1992 27 delays in granting patents, which takes an average of 18 months, but can often take years. The Patent and Trademark Office (PTO), located in Washington, D.C., received nearly 175,000 applications in 1990, a 39 percent increase over 1985. The patent applications were for everything from computer software to better mousetraps and new bacteria birthed by biotechnology. Given rapid growth in such science, the PTO estimates that by the turn of the century, filings will increase to some 300,000 annually. The problems caused by the delays are compounded by confusing and often America's patent conflicting claims by different inventors, which can result in slow or thwarted system, one of the development of new technology. In America, patent applications are held fathers' founding secret until the patent is actually issued. greatest legacies, And under U.S. law, the person who can prove that he or she is the true origi- now is plagued nator of the idea or device — called the "first-to-invent" standard—wins the by litigation, patent. If another inventor independ- inefficiency, ently discovers the identical thing a day later, and even submits the first patent

overload and even filing, the first-to-invent standard still international holds. piracy that reason, a business that FORforges ahead to develop a product from what may or may not be an original invention takes a risk. Should a judge later find that another person or company is the true patent holder, the business could find itself shut down by LITTLE GUY -Robert Kearns battled an injunction. As the Kearns case sug- ByJayStuller corporate giants in a 20-year legal war to protect his wiper patent. gests, patents have increasingly become the subject of expensive lawsuits.

m I OBERTW. Kearns is an with at least 15 other car makers. But ^ American hero, the prover- while Kearns hit a financial jackpot, the I bial "little guy" who waged 64-year-old finds little comfort in the P a long and lonely battle wealth. "All my friends are saying, against giant corporations. 'You won,' " he said after the Chrysler

More than two decades verdict. "In truth, I lost." ago, the engineer invented What Kearns lost was time, nearly 20 I I the intermittent windshield years wiped away by legal challenges. SBbHh^h wiper, now a standard fea- Time during which royalties from ture on most cars. But until a 1990 licensing his invention might have been Detroit jury found that Ford Motor Co. used to build a plant, equipment or a lab had infringed on Kearns' patent and for researching still more inventions- awarded him a $10.2 million judgment, productive assets that would thrive long the inventor had earned virtually noth- after the expiration of the wiper patent. ing from the device. Although Kearns finally received Last year, a federal jury decided that much of his monetary due, the inventor's Chrysler had also infringed on the story reflects some of the strengths and patent, a verdict that's paved the way mounting weaknesses in one of the for still more judgments or settlements nation's most venerable institutions, the U.S. patent system. San Francisco-based Jay Stidler writes Critics claim that America's patent on a variety ofsubjects for this magazine. system is getting bogged down by long

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION Since 1980 the volume of patent litigation has increased more than 50 percent. More than 5,700 lawsuits over patent infringements were filed in 1990. The cost of defending a patent in court averages between $250,000 and $2 million. If this sounds like a lot, keep in mind that "intellectual property," which ranges from movies to microbes and microchips, is one of the most valuable commodities of the 1990s. Trademarked goods, copyrighted items and patented technology— be it in hard products or sold through licensing agreements— now accounts for more than 25 percent of all U.S. exports. According to Gary Hoffman, a Wash- ington, D.C. attorney who specializes in intellectual property, infringements of American patents, copyrights and trademarks costs the U.S. economy some $80 billion in lost sales. Much of the patent piracy goes on overseas, in nations such as India, Please turn to page 47

AND MACHINES — The first milling machine, above left, was patented by Eli Whitney. The Bell Tele- phone, left, was patented in 1877 by Thomas Edison, who holds the record for most patents by an individual.

JULY 1992 — Commentary

WHY WE STILL NEED NATO

if the United States stays in Europe to help keep the peace, chances are we will not have to fight another war there.

not true in at least one case. By Gary L. Geipel The Cold War brought the United States and 16 European countries | ANY OF Europe's together in the North Atlantic Treaty leaders, institutions Organization (NATO), which looms and countries have more important than ever in the new be neglected. ended up in the trash world of the 1990s. • Second, if the United States stays can of history in re- The United States and Europe still in Europe to help keep the peace,

cent years. In fact, we need NATO for at least three impor- chances are it will not have to fight might even be tempt- tant reasons: any more wars there. ed to believe that • First, Europe remains a dangerous • Third, a good way to get a peace nothing from the neighborhood, especially on its dividend and still maintain strong Cold War was worth saving. That is fringes. Thus, military forces cannot armed forces is to divide the burden of defense among several countries. NATO delivers on all three counts. The history of NATO is like the story of an arranged marriage in which the partners grow on each other. The NATO wedding took place in 1949, when western European countries still distrusted each other. But, since the threat of Soviet invasion loomed large, they realized that cooperation made

more sense than going it alone. The United States played the role of an honest broker—one who could provide the ultimate guarantee of protection.

NAVAL FORCE America's USS Wiscon- sin was among the ships 12 NATO members sent to the Persian Gulf during Operations Desert Storm/Desert Shield.

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION — —

VETVOICE

WHAT'S YOUR OPINION? Do you believe NATO is still needed? Call to vote on this question and voice your opinion to (900) 740-VETS or (900) 740- 8387. You can record a letter to the editor and listen to opinions of others. Calls cost $1 per minute and proceeds support Legion programs. Opinions from the Vetvoice line published in the magazine are indicated with a symbol.

(900) 740-VETS (900) 740-8387

and obeying foreign commanders. In peacetime, NATO nations keep ultimate control over their own forces; a captain can pull his vessel out on a moment's notice if his country needs it elsewhere. NATO also guarantees civilian control. Political leaders from member countries, not admirals or generals, make the big decisions. NATO ensures that its naval commanders talk, plan, train and even develop some of their equipment together—so that if one or more of NATO's members are threat- "NATO used to get criticized for WARLESS With the end of communism ened, all can respond. Such prepara- doing a lot of sitting around and talk- in Europe, the threat of tank battles has tion involves thousands of officers at disappeared. Now, NATO looks to its sea ing," said an official of NATO's dozens of NATO command posts in arm to project military power. Atlantic naval command in Norfolk, places as far-flung as Brussels, Va. "You bet the NATO countries talk. Heidelberg, Naples and Oslo. It sure beats fighting like they used to Atlantiques, and U.S. and Dutch P-3C NATO cooperation is not without do." Orions. its squabbles. Countries have different All that talking in NATO helped If any military activities on that ideas about military threats and about develop the trust found in today's scale can be called "routine," NATO how much to spend on armed forces. European Community, a group of has made them so in Dog Fish and And the desire to keep their own countries that share a dream called the many other international exercises industries strong causes many coun- United States of Europe. NATO also on the ground, in the air, and especial- tries to back home-grown technologies kept the Soviet threat from turning ly at sea—with intriguing names such over joint- development plans. into a commanding influence over as Northern Wedding, Reforger and Still, the animosities of World War western Europe, or worse, into all-out Teamwork. II are a distant memory. A newcomer war. to the noise and laughter of the offi- Along the way, NATO accom- NATO also boasts a standing naval cers' mess at NATO's naval command plished something that no other mili- force in the Atlantic. The 27-year- in Norfolk has to tell uniforms apart or

tary alliance had ever achieved: It old force still turns heads during scan for small lapel flags to detect the became more than the sum of its parts. port visits, as warships with names national origins of men and women Two admirals, an Italian and an like Saguenay (Canada), Commandante whose camaraderie and common pur- American, commanded an exercise Roberto Ivens (Portugal) and Bloys pose took decades to evolve. last March called Dog Fish. Under the van Treslong (Netherlands) steam in Please turn to page 54

Mediterranean Sea, 1 1 submarines together. Ships and commanders of the from France, Greece, Italy, Spain, naval force rotate frequently, so that in Gary L. Geipel is a research fellow Turkey and the United States tried to any five-year period, as many as 70 at the Indianapolis-based Hudson escape detection by multi-nation air- captains and their crews gain experi- Institutes Center for Soviet and craft such as British Nimrods, French ence operating under common rules Central European Studies.

JULY 1992 31 .

Veterans update

VA LOOKING AT $000 MILLION SHORTFALL

HE DEPARTMENT of Space Administration (NASA). VA could use an increase in funding, Veterans Affairs (VA) Staggers says that there are no funds but we have seen a steady increase over could wind up with almost remaining to supplement VAs $13.6 the years. In 1989, VA medical care was $1 billion less than it million medical care budget and, as a funded at $10.9 billion. The 1993 needs this year to properly result, several VA hospitals may be budget calls for $14.6. That's a 33 per- deliver medical care to eligible veter- closed. cent increase in five years." ans, says Rep. Harley O. Staggers Jr. of VA Secretary Edward Derwinski Representative Staggers, however, West Virginia. denies VA will have to close any hospi- says VA is disproportionately under- Staggers claims the VAs fiscal year tal doors. But sources inside VA con- funded when compared to other govern- 1992 budget is short by as much as $900 firm there are money problems and say ment programs. million. surgical wings of some hospitals may "In the past five years, VA has seen a VAs need for more money is nothing shut down. 17 percent increase in overall funding," new. In fact, VA sources say that annual Addressing VA's financial woes, Staggers says. "In comparison, the budget shortfalls are common, but are Assistant VA Secretary for Finance and National Aeronautics and Space Admin- regularly overcome with supplemental Planning S. Anthony McCann, says istration has experienced an 87 percent funding from Congress each year. But, that "while there may have been iso- increase over the same period. The not this year, according to Staggers, lated incidences and reports of prob- space program may be important, but I who says that too much money is allo- lems, the problem has been greatly believe adequate funding of health care cated to competing federal agencies exaggerated. for our nation's veterans is more impor- such as the National Aeronautics and "Yes, money is tight right now, and tant."

Reserve Drawdown House in March. The bill was proposed Secretary of the Navy. The medal is the Rep. Harley Staggers Jr. of West The Department of Defense's (DoD) by O. result of the efforts of Legionnaire

Virginia. Donald W. Priem Jr. , a Florida veteran announcement that it will not provide legislation also includes a two- transitional help for National Guard The service director, who fought the battle and Reserves has drawn an angry year pilot program allowing VA to to get one of his veteran clients recog- Adjustable Rate response from Sen. Sam Nunn of Geor- approve loans based on nized as a POWby VA. The Department Mortgages. Between two and 10 VA is trying to locate anyone gia, chairman of the Armed Services of the Navy Committee. regional offices would participate in who was held in a Russian slave labor the test program. after World War II. DoD told the Senate Armed Services camp For more information, contact: Committee this spring that it has no

Jr. , Service plans to assist the thousands of Family Help Donald W. Priem Veteran Tavares, Guardsmen and reservists who will be Gulf veterans will be eligible for free Officer, 407 E. Alfred St., FL mustered out of the service through family and marriage counseling serv- 32778; (904) 343-9753. defense cuts. ices, if H.R. 2280 becomes law. To be "It's a good thing we didn't go along eligible, you must have received a cam- Military Pensions with what the Secretary proposed last paign medal for active duty during the If you receive a military retirement year," said Nunn. He was referring to Gulf War, or you must have been a pension and live in a state that does not Defense Secretary Richard Cheney's member of reserve components called tax state or local employee pensions, recommendation last year to reduce the to active duty during the war. The pro- you may soon see more in your retire- Guardsmen and reservists by 105,000 gram will end Dec. 31,1 993 ment check. in 1992. The bill includes provisions to re- The Supreme Court ruled in April Since that time, Cheney has an- habilitate homeless veterans; extend that a state that doesn't tax state and nounced plans to downsize or disband VA's Homeless Chronically Mentally 111 local employee retirement pensions 830 National Guard and Reserve units, Program; increase funding for VA's cannot tax military retirement pensions. separating a total of 140,000 Guards- domiciliary care services; and to At least two states—Virginia and men and reservists from military serv- broaden the treatment for veterans with Kansas— will be effected by the ruling. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. ice by 1993. As of 1991 , 33 states and the District of Columbia taxed military retirement pay. Gl Home Loans P0W Medal In reaching its decision, the court did Members of the National Guard and If you or a member of your family not address whether states owed retro- Reserves with at least six years service were among those U.S. sailors detained active refunds to veterans who had been may soon become eligible for GI Home in a Russian slave labor camp at the end unfairly taxed by them. Lawsuits seek- Loan benefits, if the Senate passes its of World War II, you are eligible for an ing refunds have already been filed version of H.R. 939, which passed the Ex-Prisoner of War Medal from the against Virginia and Kansas.

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based Ton their level of service-connected disability, as they are now. They should be classified as service- connected or nonservice-connected. Affordable Treatment. The Legion recommends that nonservice-connected veterans who are not qualified for VA treatment should receive treatment based on their ability to pay. Free VA LEGION CALLS FOR ACTION care should be given to uninsurable veterans and veterans suffering from catastrophic illness or injury whose treatment would render them destitute. Notional Executive Committee offers The Legion also wants nonservice- comprehensive reform connected veterans to have access to a package VA via third party payments, including to save the VA health-care system. private insurance, Medicare, Medicaid or other federal programs. All third party payments should remain either within VA, or ideally, within the VA medical facility that provided treatment. Legion experts say that no veteran should pay deductibles or copayments when VA is reimbursed by a third party. Appropriate, Quality Care. VA medical treatment should include pre- ventative care, specialized service for eligible female veterans, and an entire menu of services for older veterans not just long-term care. VA must consider providing tempo- rary housing for ambulatory patients seeking treatment and should have facilities for veterans within a reasonable distance. The resolution states that VA has a duty to provide appropriate care, even

if it means contracting for treatment FIRM RESOLVE Improving VA medical care was a priority for NECmen. From with a community provider. left, E. Roy Stone Jr. of South Carolina and T. Les Galloway of Oregon. The Legion's proposal strongly supports educational affiliations between VA and professional medical education HERE WAS tension in Legion's Veterans Affairs and institutes that enhance patient care and the air as The American Rehabilitation (VA&R) Commission, medical research. Legion's National Exec- delivered a warning: "The administra- National Health Care. The Legion utive Committee (NEC) tion will soon propose a VA reform adamantly opposes any national opened its 1992 Spring package that will devastate the veter- health-care plan that would eliminate Meeting at National ans community." But Stellar also or diminish the role of VA in health Headquarters. With vet- offered a solution: The American care, research or education. VA, if erans benefits under Legion Proposal on Veterans Health adequately funded, could serve as a heavy attack from Capi- Care. model for a national health-care deliv- tol Hill, Legionnaires came to In- Developed by Legion VA&R ery system. dianapolis prepared for battle. experts and Service Officers, this pro- After four days of meetings, the posal—essentially the Legion's own MILITARY DOWNSIZING NEC passed 37 resolutions, many on reform package for VA—was incorpo- Simple math spells trouble for close

such vital issues as health care, rated into Res. 1 passed the NEC. to 1 million service people unless the VA , by national security and employment for Here's what the Legion has proposed: Legion takes action, said Economic veterans. Available Care. VA medical care Commission chairman Joseph J. should be unconditionally guaranteed Frank, who delivered good news and VA HEALTH CARE for service-connected veterans. bad news at the meeting. Chester F. Stellar, chairman of the Veterans should not be rated for care Please turn page

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The bad news: "Congress is cutting The following policy resolutions a million service people from the were passed: active duty rolls and from Department Res. 1 (Comm.): Urges Congress to reform VA health care. of Defense (DoD) positions at the Res. 3 (Comm.): Commends the Board of same time they are slashing veterans Veterans Appeals and the Court of Veterans employment specialist positions," Appeals for their service to veterans. Frank said. "It is the ultimate irony." Res. 4 (IA): Opposes privatization or contracting long-term state nursing home care and The good news: "The Legion is supports state and VA grants-in-aid for state vet- well-positioned to help these returning erans homes. veterans," Frank stated. He encour- Res. 5 (OH): Supports increasing the VA bur- aged Legionnaires to organize an ial allowance to $2,500 for service-connected deaths. effort to sign these people up as mem- Res. 7 (MI): Requests VA pay for transporta- to bers and to use the Legion network tion costs for burial of Medal of Honor recipi- help them find jobs. ents at national cemeteries. Frank also reported that Congress is Res. 9 (MN): Seeks burial allowance for veterans who die in a non-VA care facility. in the process of cutting 400 Local Res. 12 (Comm.): Supports federal funding Representatives Veterans Employment of more training ships for Merchant Marine (LVERs) and Disabled Veteran midshipmen. Outreach Placement specialists Res. 13 (Comm.): Opposes using Disabled (DVOPs) from the 1,500 currently Veteran Outreach Placement and Local Veterans Employment Representatives to process unem- working with veterans. At the same ployment claims. time, the remaining LVERs and Res. 14 (Comm.): Supports public and pri- DVOPs may not be allowed to work NAT'L CMDR. DIFRANCESCO vate efforts to aid homeless veterans and seeks legislation that provides medical, rehabilitative full time to help veterans find jobs. In "The Salem VAMC situation is an atrocity, just horrible. and employment assistance. past years, state employment offices Res. 12 (Comm.): Opposes the enactment of

have used them to process unemploy- the Job Training 2000 bill in Congress, if it con- ment insurance claims and perform MARCHING ORDERS tinues to exclude veterans' representatives in the other duties. Legion opposition to this The Legion's Legislative Division decision-making process. Res. 16 (71st Conv.): Proposes a national misuse is stated in Res. 13. will present 230 issues before award for Disabled Veterans Outreach Frank also pointed out that the Congress in the coming months, a sign Placement specialists, for Local Veterans economy and the downsizing of the that important debates are raging on Employment Representatives and for local Job military will almost certainly increase Capitol Hill. Service Offices with outstanding services to veterans. the number of homeless veterans. Res. "There is a mounting ground swell Res. 19 (NC): Creates three categories for 14 passed by the NEC calls for legisla- of opposition to many incumbents," Employer of the \ear Award. tive action to help these veterans and said Charles Pesso, chairman of the Res. 22 (Comm.): Accepts a bequest of the estimated 250,000 veterans who Legion's Legislative Commission. $54,232.32 from the late William Baker for Legion youth programs. are currently living on the streets. Pesso's comments were followed with Res. 24 (Comm.): Supports full participation a disturbing announcement by in the Retinitis Pigmentosa national project. NATIONAL SECURITY National Commander Dominic D. Res. 25 (Comm.): Approves the Stokley-Van Legionnaires also were concerned DiFrancesco. Camp company's Gatorade scholarship fund for American Legion Baseball. that defense cuts may be too deep and "Ladies and gentlemen, this is an Res. 26 (Comm.): Accepts the Uni-Guard too fast. atrocity," DiFrancesco told the NEC, company's offer to donate $4 to the Child "This nation has been in five major citing recent events at the VA medical Welfare Foundation for every sale of its product. wars in this century," said William O. facility in Salem, Va. Res. 27 (Comm.): Urges Posts and Departments to observe National Children's Day, Moore, Jr., chairman of the Legion's "Early this year, two bodies were the second Sunday of October. National Security Commission. "Only discovered on the hospital grounds. Res. 28 (Comm.): Opposes elimination of the in Operation Desert Storm were we One had committed suicide. The other Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency fully prepared to fight. This should had died of exposure." Prevention. Res. 32 (Comm.): Supports Legion participa- serve as a reminder that deterrence is Silence filled the room as tion with the Official Veteran's World War II meaningless without a strong military DiFrancesco told another horror story Commemorative Committee. force, the will to deploy it and the sup- —a third body was found when the Res. 34 (Comm.): Urges the establishment of a national Democracy Day. port of the American people." hospital cleaned up its grounds after Res. 35 (Comm.): Approves the annual award in active, finding the patients. With the proposed cuts two dead of the Ralph T. O'Neil Education Trophy to the Reserve and Guard forces, The "It is past time for action on issues Department that shows the greatest use of the American Legion believes that the such as VA health care, national secu- Legion's School Medal Award. Res. 37 (Comm.): Authorized the creation of country won't be able to respond to rity and employment for veterans," a committee to recommend activities to com- hostile military actions on more than DiFrancesco said. "Go home and tell memorate The American Legion's 75th anniver- one front. your Posts and Departments what's sary. The Legion is calling on Congress going on. Study the candidates, then The complete list of resolutions may to maintain Guard and Reserve forces vote for the candidate who supports be obtained by writing the Archives, at levels that would allow them to suc- you. American Legion National Head- cessfully respond to multiple military "Vote for the candidate who sup- quarters, P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, aggressions. ports the American veteran." IN 46206.

36 THE AMERICAN LEGION . . 1

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Oratorical Champ Wins $18,000 Scholarship

S AMERICA Baton Rouge, La. , in April. changes, so The Columbia, Md., stu- changes the dent is a junior at Hammond U.S. Constitu- High School. In her speech, tion—through Ruttenberg credited the fram- amendments. This right to re- ers of the Constitution with write the Constitution allows providing future generations the country to grow, says the means to create new laws Kerri L. Ruttenberg, 16, and change old ones. winner of this year's Amer- "The framers could not ORATORICAL WINNERS—From left, second place Jenice C. ican Legion National High have conceived of the prob- Mitchell; fourth place Gerald E. Martin; National Vice Commander Ronald C. Murphy; third place Kathryn Fried- School Oratorical Contest. lems facing a government of man; and the winner Kerri L. Ruttenberg. Her speech, "Amending over 245 million citizens. As a the Constitution—The Right result, the Constitution be- to Re-Write," earned her first comes an instrument of gov- does not grow with the nation Martin, 18, of Bell Buckle, place and an $18,000 college ernment and a positive grant it serves, it is in danger of Tenn. , earned fourth place scholarship at the finals at of power. If the document becoming obsolete," she told and a $12,000 scholarship for the audience. his speech. Finishing second in the The American Legion has National Oratorical Contest sponsored the National Ora- was Jenice C. Mitchell, 17, of torical Contest for 55 years. Detroit, Mich., who received Students are required to a $16,000 scholarship for her research, write and deliver an speech, "The Fourth Amend- eight to 10-minute speech on ment: Our Protection Against any part of the U.S. Constitu- Unlawful Search and Sei- tion. zure." Third place and a More than 30,000 high $14,000 scholarship went to school students nationwide Kathryn Friedman, 17, of entered this year's contest, Depart- Cmdr. Dominic D. DiFran- NINETEEN Orinda, Calif. , who spoke on which offered a total of ments met the Phase I cesco's "Pizza da Pie" party "We The People." Gerald E. $ 1 38 ,000 in scholarships. target of Breakthrough '92, at this year's National Con- the Legion's current mem- vention in Chicago. Depart- bership campaign. They ment invitees to the pizza exceeded 96 percent of party include the 1992-93 This year's schedule is as their 1991 final member- Department Commander, follows: ship as of May 5 1991-92 Department Com- Region 1: Stamford, Conn., The 19 Departments are: mander, Department Mem- Sept. 11-13. Delaware, South Dakota, bership Chairman and Region 2: Charleston, Kansas, Iowa, New Department Adjutant. W.Va.,Sept. 11-13. Mexico, Nebraska, Idaho, In addition, Delaware INCE 1979, Region 3: Nashville, Tenn., Ohio, Indiana, West Vir- has already exceeded the the National Oct. 2-4. ginia, North Dakota, Phase II goal and received Leadership Region 4: Biloxi, Miss., Pennsylvania, Minne- an additional $1,000. Most Workshops Oct. 2-4. sota, New Hampshire, Departments are close to have stimu- Region 5: Champaign, 111., Wisconsin, Montana, achieving the goal, accord- lated membership and pro- Sept. 25-27. Vermont, Rhode Island ing to Herman G. Harring- gram growth, cut costs, Region 6: Rochester, Minn. and Maryland. ton, Chairman of the Inter- improved record keeping Sept. 25-27. Each Department re- nal Affairs Commission. capabilities and provided Region 7: Las Vegas, Nev. ceived a check for $1 ,000 The Phase II deadline is leadership training for Sept. 18,20. and an invitation to Nat'l July 27. national, Department and Region 8: Boise, Idaho, Post volunteers. Sept. 18-20.

38 THE AMERICAN LEGION X

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funds to augment the assist- members, Posts and others Earthquake: Legion Helps ance available through the who are disaster victims. For NEF. "You just never know example, last year the fund ALIFORNIA viding aid to the earthquake when a disaster can occur. provided Post 557 of Polo,

Legionnaires victims through its National You have to be prepared," he Mo. , with the money to re-

swung into Emergency Fund (NEF). says. build its Post home after it was action imme- Other Departments have NEF was created by the destroyed by a fire. diately after a offered assistance, but Krank National Executive Commit- For more information or to powerful earthquake struck and Allemann say they don't tee in October 1989 after contribute to the NEF, write: northern California on April believe outside help will be Hurricane Hugo struck South National Emergency Fund, 25, injuring about 100 people needed. Carolina and North Carolina. The American Legion, P.O. and causing millions of dol- However, Krank recom- Funded by contributions from Box 1055, Indianapolis, IN lars worth of damage. mends that all Departments Legionnaires nationwide, the 46206, or call Internal Affairs Before the aftershocks set up their own disaster relief NEF helps American Legion at (317) 635-8411. ended, Department of Cali- fornia Commander Al Krank contacted all District and Post commanders in the disaster budget of $34.3 billion allots Postal rates. Supported a area, setting in motion the VA Underfunded, only $17.6 billion for benefit postal subsidy of $360 million Department's disaster assist- programs and $604 million more than the administra- ance program for Legion- for construction. tion's request of $121 million naires and other victims. Legion Tells The Legion claims VA ben- to defray costs to non-profit There are about 13 Posts and efits programs, despite a $20 organizations. (House Sub- 800 Legionnaires in the earth- million budget increase from committee on Treasury, Postal quake area. FY 1992, are so underfunded Service and General Govern- "We're not in a panic situa- that 577 staff positions will ment). tion at this point, and we've HE administra- have to be eliminated. Mean- Veterans Job Training been able to lend a hand to tion has short- while, construction funding Act (VJTA). Urged the re- those who have asked for it," changed the VA was $20 million lower than authorization of this success- says Krank. "We're still try- health-care bud- FY 1992. ful training program that ing to get a fix on how many get for fiscal Although VA's total budget trained veterans for careers Legionnaires were affected." year (FY) 1993, the Legion's proposal is a 6.5 percent with lasting employment and Measuring 6.9 on the Rich- John Hanson testified this increase from FY 1992, the promotion potential. (House ter scale, the earthquake's spring before the House Com- Legion believes that the Subcommittee on Educa- epicenter was near Ferndale mittee on Veterans Affairs. increase does not keep pace tion, Training and Employ- and Eureka, and aftershocks Hanson, director of the with the needs of veterans. ment) were felt in San Francisco, Legion's Veterans Affairs and Hanson also told the con- VA Home Loan Guaranty 275 miles south. Although Rehabilitation (VA&R) Divi- gressmen that VA should be Program. Opposed any damage was significant, the sion, expects the shortfall to allowed to keep Medicare additional fees or down pay- California earthquake of 1989 prevent many deserving veter- reimbursements for veterans ments for veterans who use prepared many Legionnaires ans from obtaining VA medi- VA treats who are eligible for VA home loans. (House Sub- for what was to come. cal treatment. both VA and other federal committee on Housing and "Our experience a few The administration pro- health-care programs. He Memorial Affairs). years ago, no doubt, helped posed a $14.6 billion VA added that VA should also National Cemetery Sys- prepare us to respond when health-care budget for FY keep money recovered from tem (NCS). Urged more the latest earthquake hit," 1993, a $1 million increase third-party insurance reim- funding for the NCS. (House says Department Adjutant over FY 1992. bursements instead of having Subcommittee on Housing Charles T. Allemann, who Legion experts contend to turn it over to the U.S. and Memorial Affairs) helped coordinate disaster that $15.6 billion is neces- Treasury VA and Department of relief after the 1989 earth- sary, and they say the $1 mil- In the first five months of Defense medical coopera- quake. "We learned that you lion increase will only main- this session of Congress, the tion during Desert Storm. have to move quick but with tain the current level of VA Legion has testified 32 times Commended VA's perform- caution in order to have any care and medical services to on issues including: ance and provided Legion's real effect." veterans, not improve it. Homeless veterans. Urged recommendations on how to In addition to the Depart- The Legion also took issue expansion of, and full funding improve. (House Subcom- ment of California's efforts, with the proposed VA budget for, VA's homeless veterans' mittee on Oversight and American Legion National for benefit programs and programs in FY 1993. (Senate Investigations Committee on Headquarters has been pro- construction. VA's total Veterans Affairs Committee). Veterans Affairs)

40 THE AMERICAN LEGION Advertisement Did You Make This Mistake In Writing Your Will?

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43rd Engrs. Rgt. - (WWII) 1 6207 155th Inf., 31st Div., Co. H 14175 44th Engr, Bn. (Broken Heart) 11171 156th F.A. Bn., 44th Inf. Div. 15524 HOWTO USE VETS 44th Evac. Hospital 15254 157th Inf. Rgt. /158th FA Bn., 45th Div. 45th TAAM Co. 15417 (WWII) 15238 46th Armored Inf Bn .Co A, Camp Chaf- 158th RCT, 147th FA, 760th Clearing there are operators still This month may be able fee 20453 Co. - Bushmasters 1 5623 958 military reunions to provide you with infor- 46th Engr. Const. Bn. 10744 160th Inf., A Co. 10427 46th Signal Hvy. Const. Bn. 10944 1 61 st Inf. Rgt., 41 st Div., G Co. 1 5642 listed on these pages. How- mation. Many units are 50TH COMBAT ENGRS., CO. D 20600 162nd Inf., 41st Div., C Co. (WWII) ever, VETS has informa- enrolling daily in VETS. 50th Gen. Hospital - (WWII) 1 0468 22745 51 st General Hospital 1 6320 163rd AAA Bn., Btry B 1 5523 tion on more than 7,000 Operators are on call 59th AFA Bn. - (WWII) 1 5667 163rd Engr. Combat Bn. 15330 other reunions. For infor- Monday through Friday 59th Recon, 350th Inf Rgt 22068 1 63rd Ord., 3rd Engr. Spec. Bde. 1 6063 60TH General Hospital 20062 165th Engr. Comnbat Bn. 20120 mation on reunions for any from 1 p.m. to 9 p.m. 60th Signal Rad. lntl./60 Sig. Svc. Co. 165th Inf. (formerly The Fighting 69th) military unit or ship, call Eastern Daylight Time; (ASA) 10452 20754 63rd Engr. (C), 44th Div., A Co. 1 1 235 176th FA Bn. (formerly 2nd Bn., 111th to from noon 8 p.m. Cen- 63rd Inf., 6th Div., D Co. 1 5333 FA Rgt.) 15593 tral Daylight Time; from 63rd Inf. RCT, F Co. - (WWII) 1 6260 179th FABn. Assn. 15964 (900)737-VETS 65th Signal Bn.& 3261 Sig. Serv. Co. 1 86th Combat Engineers 20330 11 a.m. 7 p.m. (900) 737-8387 to Moun- 14450 188th F.A. Bn., 47th Div., C Btry. 16716 tain Daylight Time; and 70th Tank Bn. /Armor Assn. - (Korea) 188th Med. Bn., HQ, Det./618th Med 16456 Clr./421 st Med Coll. C os. 1 0493 If you know the VETS from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. 72nd Chem. Mtr. Bn., C Co. 1 5538 188th Ord., HQ & Med. Bn .H.M. Tank five-digit number as- Pacific Daylight Time. 72nd Hvy. Tank (1951 Kapyong) 22343 14292 74th General Hospital - (WWII) 1 6445 191st Tank Bn.Assn. 15337

signed to the ship or unit, Phone calls cost $1.95 per 78th AAA Gun Bn. 21018 1 93rd FA Bn. (1 08th FA Bn.) 1 1 082

78th Div. Veterans Assn. 1 1 196th RCT 16346 please give it to the opera- minute, and the average 038 81st Inf. Div., 81st QM Co. - (WWII) 200TH ENGR. CO.,1 96th RCT 20683 tor. The number is printed call takes 2 minutes or less, 10166 202nd AAA AW Bn. 11073 Inf. Div. 203rd FABn. 10880 immediately after the unit if you have the VETS num- 81st (WWII) 15974 82nd Airborne Div. Assn. (Appalachian 203rd QM Bn., B Co./3834th QM Gas in the magazine. If you ber. Proceeds help support Chapter) 15398 Supply Co. 15525 don't know the VETS various veterans' and chil- 86th Div. Assn. 11019 204th F.A. Bn., 2nd Bn., 222nd F.A. - 86th Engr. H.P. Bn. - (WWII) 1 0471 (WWII) 15763

number or haven't seen dren's programs and serv- 88th Inf. Div. Assn. 1 5465 214th AAA Gun Bn. - (WWII) 1 1 1 07 the ship or unit listed in ices sponsored by The 89th Cav. Recon. Sq., 9th Arm'd Div. 21 6th General Hospital - (WWII) 1 1 062 15397 216th Ord. H.M. Co. (FA) 1 6419

the magazine, VETS American Legion. 89th Inf.Div. Society (WWII) & Atchd 219th AAA Gun Bn., B Btry. 1 5689 Units 2061 233rd Engr. (C) Bn. 15577 94th Signal Bn. Association 10689 233rd FA, Service Btry (1 949-53) 20444

233rd S/L Bn., Btry. 1 5787 97th Div. 389th FA Bn. Assn. 1 5796 C 235th Combat Engineers(WWII) 16261 11th Inf. Rgt. Assn. 10331 98th Signal Bn. - (WWII) 1 0303 240th Engr. Bn . 15286 1 2th Armored Div Assn 1 6368 99th Inf. (Sep) Bn. 20031 243rd Port Co. 1 0580 OUTFIT 12th General Hospital 20377 100th General Hospital - (1943-45) 246th C. A. Assn. 10985 1 3th FA Obsn. Bn. - (WWII) 1 1 020 15875 246th FA MSL Bn.(CPL), Ft Bliss(1953- REUNIONS 14th A.F.A. Bn., 2nd Arm'd Div. 16675 101st Abn. Div. Assn. (In-Country 55) 20483 14th Inf. Rgt., 25th Div. - (1951-52) Chapter) 14096 247th Combat Engr. Bn. 1 01 77 Reunion coordinators can enroll their 10601 101st Military Police Assn. 18476 249th Engr. (C) Bn. 1 1 242 units in VETS by sending a self- 15/1 7th Cav. Recon. Sqs. 16362 102nd Inf. Div. Assn. 15811 250th Engr. (C) Bn., A Co. 1 1 1 48 addressed, stamped envelope to VETS, 16th Arm'd Div. Assn. 10170 103rd Inf. Div. (WWII) 21864 252nd Engr.(C) Bn. 10639 P.O. Box 10088, Columbia, MO 65205- 16th Inf. Rgt., 1st Inf. Div., 1950 104th Engr. (C) Bn. 16576 254th FABn. 16061 4000. Unit names may be published two European Football Champs 16147 107th Engr. Bn. 11246 Inf.Rgt., 256th Engr. Combat Bn. - (WWII) 1 6048 times per unit per year, upon request. 1 7th Airborne Div. Assn. 1 661 109th Co. G 20342 Ord. 1 1 - 1 257th MM Co. 15970 17th Signal Oper. Bn. - (WWII) 1 0395 0th Inf ., 28th Div. (WWII) 0301 272nd F.A. Bn. - (Korea) 1 5827 18th Inf. Rgt, 8th lnf.Div.1st Battleg- 112th Cavalry Rgt. 15231 273rd FA Bn. - (WWII) 1 0868 roup.HQ Co. 20332 11 2th Cav. Assn. 15841 276th Engr. Combat Bn. (WWII) 10169 1 1 3th AAA Gun Bn. - (WWII) 1 6268 Army 1 9th Air Depot Supply Sq. 20290 19th Combat Engrs. 20558 113th Ord. Co.(MM) 20657 276th Inf. Rgt., 70th Div., F Co. 16708 19th Inf. Regt. ,24th Div. 21071 1 1 5th Cav. Assn. - (Powder River Rgt.) 277th Port Co. 16639 281st 1st Engr.Spec.Bde. /531st Shore Rgt./ 21 st Avn Engrs. 1 0399 16104 Engr Combat Bn. Assn WWII Inf., Div., - 15218 286th J ASCO/351 6th Or d. 1 4560 21st Inf. ,24th Div., King Co. (1950-52) 116th 29th E Co. (WWII) 2nd Arm'd. Div. 15551 20676 11161 282nd Combat Engrs., Co. B 1 5906

- 1 283rd Engr. 2nd Bn., 303rd Inf., 97th Div., Medics 22nd Ord. Serv. Bn 1 0836 1 20th Station Hospital (WWII) 6599 Combat Bn. 16726 15339 23rd QM Rgt. (Truck) B Co (Boston/ 1 21 st Station Hospital - (WWII) 1 5486 287th Signal Co, 2nd ESB 221 94 2nd Bn., 303rd Inf., 97th Div.(lncluding Iceland) 16332 1 21st Trans. Trk. Co. 14219 295TH JASCO CO. 20776 Medics) 20588 26th AAA AW Bn, A Btry 11114 130th Inf., 33rd Div., L Co. 1 1 1 21 301 st Signal Oper. Bn. - (WWII) 1 0644 2nd Bn. 320th Arty., 101st Abn.Div., 26th Cav Recon Troop, 26th Div 21 983 1 32nd Combat Engr. Bn. 1 6688 303rd FA Bn., 97th Div. (WWI Included) 134/197thlnf.,H 15828 16119 (Ashau Valley 1 970-71 ) 1 421 27TH ARM'D INF. BN., A CO. 20590 Co. 135th Inf., 47th Div., Tank Co. 15790 303rd Inf., 97th Div., D Co. 1 1 1 60 2nd Div., 38th Inf., K Co. 1 5821 27th Inf., 25th Div., G Co. (WWII) 1 5321 1265th - 303rd Inf. Rgt., F Co. 1 5757 2nd Inf., 5th Div., Anti-tank Co. 1 5451 27th Inf. Rgt., 25th Div., C Co. (WWII) 135th Combat Engrs. (WWII) Station 2nd Inf. Rgt. Officers Assn. 22327 20323 16352 304th Hospital 10175 2nd Station Hospital WWII 20384 27th Ordnance Co 221 53 137th Ord. Maint. Bn., 16th Arm'd Div. 313th Inf. Rgt., 79th Div. (WWII) 15637 314th Inf. ,79 Div 3rd Inf. Div. - (Western Region) 1 6410 28th Div., 112th Inf.Reg 22820 10244 Co G, Weapons Pla- 3rd US Inf. Rgt. Assn. (The Old Guard) 28th Inf. Rgt., 8th Inf. Div., G Co. - 137TH Signal Radio Intell. Co. 1 5726 toon 15592 20211 (WWII) 16526 1 40th AAA AW Bn. (SP) & other 40th Inf. 315th Rgt.,79th Inf.Div.(WWII) 1 5599 Div. units -(Korea) 10980 322nd Inf. Rgt., 81st Inf. Div., Co. - 4th Armored Div. Assn. 1 6402 29th Div. Assn. 16230 C Div. (WWII) 10925 4th Bn. ,47th Inf. ,9th Inf. Div., (Dong 30th Evac. Hospital (WWII) 1 071 1 42nd Arm'd Signal Co., 2nd Arm'd Tam 1967-68) 14320 32nd Inf. Rgt. 15855 10185 323rd Inf., 81st Div., B Co. 10745 Inf. Rgt., - 5th AAA (AW)(MBL) 14103 32nd Vets Assn. 22197 1 42nd Inf., 36th Div., L Co. 20650 324th 44th Div. (WWII) 1 1 1 08 Maint. Bn. - 328th FA Bn., 337th Inf. Rgt., 310th 5th Arm'd Div., Midwest 1 0289 33rd Inf. Div.,Chem.Section 20441 142nd Ord. Base Auto. Engr., A Co. 21871 5th RCT 14104 34th Inf. Rgt., 24th Div., L Co. 1 5480 (WWII) 16466 - 6th F.A. Btry.(Germany 1955-56) 20561 35th Inf. Rgt. 25th Div. Co.B 20283 144th Inf., D Co. 10159 336th Engr. Combat Bn. (ETO) 1 5721 1 47th Inf. Rgt., 1 551 Inf., 85th Div., Co. E 1 0712 6th FA Veterans Assn. 15407 35th- 1 1 0th QM Assn. & 735th Ord. M Co. 338th 7th Arm'd Div. Assn. 15253 10085 1 48th Arm'd Signal Co. 1 0299 343rd General Hospital 201 65 7th Cav. Rgt., Hvy Mortar Co. Korea 36th Cav. Recon. Sq. 16552 1 48th Engr. Combat Bn. - (WWII) 1 551 355th Engr. Rgt. 20749 1950-51 22348 38th Engr. Rgt. (C) 16637 148th FABn. (WWII) 15361 359th AAA S/L Bn. 16287 Rgt., Co. 15925 7th F.A. Obsn.Bn. 15605 38th Field Hospital Assn. 1 5669 148th Inf. Veterans Assn. 37th Inf. Div. 359th Engr. F 367th Bn., 98th Div., A Btry. - (WWII) 7th FA Assn. 10368 38th QM Co., 1 1 3th QM Rgt. 1 6530 10632 FA 1 10929 8th Army, HQ & HQ Co. - (WWII) 1 5320 38th Signal Const. Bn. 1 01 98 1 48th Inf., 37th Div., HQ & K Cos. 0448 8th Cav. Recon. Trp. 20597 39th FA Bn, 3rd Inf. Div 22002 150th FA 16021 377th Prcht F.A. Bn. ,101st Abn.Div., BatryC 20216 9th Rgt. Veterans Assn. NYNG 1 5362 39th Signal Hv. Const. Bn. - (WWII) 1 51 st Inf., 38th Div., Cannon Co. 1 1 1 1 9th Signal Co, 9th Div (WWII) 221 93 15220 1 51 st Ord. Bn., HQ, A/B Cos. 1 421 382nd AAA AW Bn. 10374 Bn., 97th Div., Btry. 1 071 1 0th Station Hospital - (WWII) 1 5953 40th Inf. Div. - (Korea) 1 6427 151st/175th FA Bns., 34th Inf. Div. 389th FA C 11th Engrs.- (WWII) 16436 40TH INF. DIV. 20026 21855 390th Signal Avn Co. (SP) - (WWII) 11th Evac. Hospital, Semi-Mobile 40th Recon., 40th Inf. Div. - (Korea) 155mm Gun Det., Christmas Island 15453 15802 16481 14148 397th Inf. Div., 387th Rgt., M Co. 1 5865

42 THE AMERICAN LEGION 0 7 2 3 6 8 1 5 3 9 **VETS**

400th A.F.A. Bn. 15475 776th Tank Destroyer Bn. 1 5471 25th NCB- (WWII) 17832 NARU (V-5), Monmouth College, Pltn. 401 st AAA Gun Bn. 15366 777th Ord. Assn. 77th Inf Div 2261 25th Spec. Seabee Bn. 1 7984 82,(1945)18548

409th Inf., 103rd Dlv., D Co. 10269 780th FA Bn. (Korea) 10349 26th NCB 1 0443 Nat'l Assn. of Fleet Tug Sailors 1 7684 410th Inf., 103rd Dlv., C Co. - (WWII) 782nd Tank Bn. - (WWII) 1 521 34th Special Seabees 1 7386 Naval Mine Warfare School (1942) 15843 783rd MP Bn. -(WWII) 15519 37th Spec. Seabees 17941 20282 410th Inf., 103rd Rgt., D Co. 16273 789th AAA AW Bn. 10019 48th NCB -(WWII) 18344 Navy MATS VRS - (VR-3/6/7/8/22 & 423rd M.P.E.G.Co.(Det.) 15810 793rd MP Bn. - (1 943-53) 16118 50th NCB 17357 NATWPAC)11126

426th Med. Bn. 564/565/566th Amb. 795th AAA AW Bn. 10426 59th NCB 18497 Navy Unit, Camp Detrick, MD 1 1 01 Cos. 15688 796th AAA AW Bn. 15747 60th NCB 18074 Night Torpedo Sq.91(VT(N)91)w/USS

435th AAA AW Bn./473rd Inf. Rgt. Assn. 802nd Engr. Assn. 1 5223 70th Seabee Bn., 1005th/1 006th Dels., Bonhomme Richard 1 6856 16686 804th TDBn. (WWII) 10701 578th/579thCBMUs11130 Operation Hi-Jump, South Pole (1945-

440th AAA (AW) Bn. 1 761 806th TDBn. 10004 76th NCB -(WWII) 1071 46) 1 4634

445th Ord.(HAM) Co. 1 5242 808th Chemical Co. 10314 84th Seabee Bn. 10384 P.T. Boats Inc. 1 7488 453rd AAA AW Bn. 14196 808th Tank Destroyer Bn. 20264 87th NCB 10196 PB4Y All Squadrons, USCG/USMC/ 460th Engr. 16623 822nd Tank Destroyer Bn. (WWII) 96th NCB - (Including 613, 590, 1048, USN 21892

463rd AAA AW Bn., 79th Dlv. 1 5287 15247 3050)17576 PC-1141 (1948-52) 20471

471 st AAA AW Bn. 10071 823rd TD Bn., 30th Inf. Div. 1 0743 97th & 1 08th Seabees 21 483 PC-1 176 14451 474th Signal Avn. Construction Co. - 836th Engr. Avn. Bn. 10973 113th Seabees 17493 PC-574 20421 (SCARWAF) 15876 840th Engr. Avn. Bn. (Korea) 22635 115th NCB - Seabee Veterans of PC-825 21385 475th AAA AW Bn. 16182 841 st Engr Avn Bn (Korea) 21 784 America 17946 Sampson NTS, Unit G, Co. 550 - (1 944) 482nd AAA AW Bn. (SP) 1 0670 850th Avn.Engrs.,Co. A 20968 118th NCB 10228 17873 488th Port Bn., 188/189/190/191 Port 858th Ord. HAM Co. 1 5720 137th/139th/3rd Spec. Seabees 10248 Sampson NTS, Unit F, Co. 450 - ((1 943))

Cos. 10811 864th Ord.(H. A.M.) Co. 1 0791 539THC.B.M.U. 21080 18222 489th AAA AW Bn. (SP) 1 5748 880th FA Bn., 69th Dlv., C Btry. 21 881 ACORN-45 14382 Sampson NTS, Unit G, Co. 541 (1944) 491 St AAA AW Bn. 16248 884th Ord. HAM Co./K Co., 3rd Bn., Air Grp. 27 17548 18302

491st Engr. Base Equip. Co. 15777 55th QM Rgt. 16305 All Seabees 50th Anniv. 1 7988 Sampson NTS, Co-210, D5L, 09-12, 494th AAA Gun Bn. 15617 887th FA Bn.,BtryB 20422 Amphibious Force Flagship Assn. 1944 22376 501 st AAA Bn., B Btry. - (WWII) 1 6386 924th Engr. Avn. Rgt., H&S Co. - (WWII) 11187 Sampson WWII Navy Veterans 502nd AAA Bn. 16127 15921 Assn. of Minemen 1 8086 lnc(1942-46)Floyd Bennett Field

503rd U.P. Battalion 20499 942nd FA Bn. 10251 Base Hospital 1 5 (Manus Island) 1 7605 22688 503rd MP Bn B Co 20856 945th FA Bn. 10351 Battle of Ormoc Bay - (Leyte/1944) SC-1 069 10543 506th AAA Gun Bn. 16299 974th Engr. Maint. Co. 16308 18085 SC-71 0 21233

51 0th Engr., Lt. Pontoon Co. 1 1 074 976 Ordnance, Co N 20502 Boot Camp Co. 464, San Diego 1 051 Seabees of America 21 902

524th MP Bn., C Co. 10727 976th FA Bn., 35th FA Regt. 15936 Boot Camp Co. 52-256, NTC San Special Augmented Hospital #8 1 0992 526th QM Railhead Co. 1 0201 995th FA Bn. (WWII) 10775 Diego, 1952 22579 Tin Can Sailors of Virgina 10605

529TH QM CO. 20746 999th AFA Bn. - (Korea) 1 6409 CBMU-536/537 14659 Torpedoman's Mate Assn. 18634 530th FA Bn., 252nd C.A. 201 98 1252nd Combat Engrs. 20209 CBMU-568 17469 TUSLOG Det. 12, Istanbul 21693

536th Ord.H.M.Co.Tank 15682 1252nd Engr. (C) Bn. - (WWII) 1 5484 CBMU-569 17474 UDT-3- (WWII) 18261 549th AAA Bn., A/B/C/D/HQ Btrys. - 1257th Engr. Combat Bn. - (WWII) CBMU-594 17430 US Naval Adv.Base.La Fe, Cuba 20491 (WWII) 16390 15981 CBMU-601 21226 USNAB Bremerhaven, Germany •

556th Ord. HM (TK) Co. - (WWII) 1 5793 1268th Engrs. (C) Bn. - (WWII) 1 0434 Covered Wagon Assn. 14672 (1951-54)18671 560th AAA Bn. 16278 1276th Engr. (C) Bn. 10546 DESRON-8/USS Walnwright/Trippe/ USS Abner Read DD526 21 1 32 563rd HM (TK) Ordn. Assn. (WWII) 1 395th Engr. Const. Bn. - (WWII) 1 651 Buck/Rhind/Brlstol (WWII) 18171 USS ABSD-1 & others 1 0748 20135 1462nd Engr. Maint. Co., 3rd E.S.B. Destroyer Escort Sailors Assn. 10765 USS ABSD-5 22325 565th AAA AW Bn. (WWII) 1 01 83 16441 Dirty Thirty, Banning Ca 17314 USS Adirondack AGC-1 5 1 8250 567th AAA AW Bn. 11000 1590th Ord. S&M Co. Avn 14106 Electronic Warfare Range, Fallon NV USS Agerholm 20358 574th/565th SAW Bns. 16115 1 881 st Engr. Aviation Bn. 20329 (1969-71)20463 USS Albany Assn.(CL-23/CA-123/CG- 579th Signal Air 1 Warn. Bn.New 31 10th Signal Serv. Bn., Co.B 20885 Four Stack APD Veterans 1 7756 0/SSN-753) Marines included 1 01 76 Caledonia 1942-44 14124 3187th Signal Serv. Bn. 10716 Guinea Pig Squadron (SS Pratt Vic- USS Albemarle Assn. 18570 586th AAA Bn, B Batt WWII 21 787 3205th QM,B Co. 10837 tory) 21833 USS Alderamin AK-1 1 6 1 7705 592nd Signal Air-Ground Liaison Co. 3278th Ord. Base Depot 20872 Hurricane Hunters, lnc.VPB-114,VPW- USSAItamaha CVE-18 10774 20147 3299th (formerly 2650th) Signal Radio 3,VPM-3,VX-4,VP(HL)-3, VP-23.VJ- USS American Legion APA-17 - (WWII) 593RD AMPH. D CO. 201 51 Relay Station Co. 11016 2.VW-4 10209 17983 593rd EB&SR, D Co. 1 5968 3342nd QM Truck Co. (H) - (England/ LCI (G) 346/438/45710968 USS Anchor ARS-1 3 20967 593rd JASCO Assn. (Joint Assault Europe) 16333 LCI (G) 352 (WWII) 22235 USS Anderson DD 41 1 1 7340 Signal Co.) 16073 3405th Ord. MM Co. (formerly 67th Bn., LCI(G) 58010182 USS Anthedon AS-24 (WWII) 1 7401 602nd FA Bn. (Pk) (WWII) 1 5591 A Co.) -(WWII) 15655 LCI(L) 43014374 USS Appalachian 17461 603rd Medium Tank Co. 21987 3409th Ord.(MAM) Co., 68th QM 20897 LCI(L) 732 17377 USSArided AK-73 17498 605th Tank Destroyer Assn. 10118 4269th QM Truck Co 20939 LCS(L)111 17545 USS Attu/USS Mugford 1 7990 607th Bn. (WWII) 22723 - - OBAM All Coast Artillerymen (Overseas Lion Four/Navy 3205 1 0007 USS Ault DD-698 (WWII) 1 8081 609th QM Graves Registration 14232 prior to 1946) 16415 LSM-1 07 18067 USS Badoeng Strait 18538 609th TD Bn. 10287 Americal (23rd) Inf. Div. 1 5926 LSM-156 20428 USS Baham 11181 611th Engr. L.T. Equip. Co. 15814 ASA 10822 LSM-439 10474 USS Balch DD-363/USS Porterfield 617th QM Dpt. Co. 16727 ASTUs 3892, El Paso;3891 Las LSMR-188 thru 199 10120 DD-682 10703 619th QM Bn.HQ-619th Med. Detach. Cruces;3800 Tex.A&M 201 54 LST-1091 17608 USS Begor APD-127 10048 15520 Camp Shanks, NY-Army Embarkation LST-223 10777 USS Bennington CV/CVA/CVS-20 628th T.D.Bn. 15209 (1942-44)17138 LST-227 10938 18492 644th Tank Destroyer Bn. 1 6698 Coastal Arty. Philippines/Fts. Drum & LST-270 22698 USS Bernadou DD153, Dallas DD199, 661st TD Bn 11166 Mills (1932-42) 21678 LST-271 22732 Dupont DD152, Cole DD1 5 5, Ellis DD 687th F.A. Bn. 16298 MARS Task Force CBI 20249 LST-372 17554 19918424 F.A. Bn., Btry. Merrill's 692nd B & HQ 15303 Marauders Assn. 5307th, LST-384 17964 USS Blackfin SS-322 1 791 692nd TD Bn. 15601 1 475th and support group s 5476 LST-453/Remus ARL-40 1 81 57 USS Blackhawk AO-9 (BADRA) - (In- 693rd Port Co. 16403 Nat'l Counter Intell. Corps Assn. 1 0935 LST-487 17731 cluding assigned DDs) 1 1087 701stTD Bn. 10801 O'Reilly Gen. Hospital 1 061 LST-49 Assoc. 21690 USS Blue DD-387/744 10458 702nd Tank Bn. Red Devils 15336 OCS Class No. 1 20472 LST-494 - (WWII) 17868 USS Blueridge (AGC-2) 14492 707th Tank Bn. (WWII) 1 6702 Percy Jones General Hospital, X-ray LST-50 21424 USS Boggs DD-1 36/DMS-3/AG-1 11 091 715th ROB Dept. (1944-46) 22020 LST-503 1 8332 18478 716th MP (Vietnam) 14163 USASAFS CHITOSE 1 0240 LST-521 21372 USS Breese DM-18/Gamble DM-15/ 717th Operating Railroad Batt, Co A, VungTau Liaison Div.(1 968-69) 14187 LST-555 21014 Montgomery DM-19/Ramsey 18308 WWI1 1943-45 Germany 21747 WAC Det., Base F, HQ Co. APO 320 LST-661 20350 USS Bridge AF-1 10391 71 7th Tank Bn. 20218 (New Guinea) 101 86 LST-668 1 8285 USS Brooklyn CL-40 1 1 1 68 722nd Engr. Dpt. Co. 15692 XIII Corps Assn. (WWII) 1 5530 LST-688 17644 USS Brown DD 54618274 722nd Railway Oper. Bn. 15837 LST-700 20680 USS Buckley DE-51 18248 726th Amph. Tractor Bn. - (WWII) 1 5873 LST-71210584 USS Bumper (SS-333) 21 201 740TH AAA Bn. A Btry WWII 20832 LST-81814536 USS Bunker Hill CV-1 7 Assn. 1 7502 745th R.O.B. 15494 Navy LST-834 10083 USS C.Turner Joy DD951 18633 746th Railway Oper. Bn. 16258 LST-859 17739 USS CanopusAS-9 10383 747TH TANK BN. 20852 LST-867 17798 USS CappsDD-550 10696

753rd Tank Bn. 10457 4TH Corry Field Sq. 8C Whiting LST-883 1 7433 USS Carlisle APA-69 1 81 64 755th Rwy. Shop Bn. 15889 Included 21 060 LST-907 17876 USS Carlson DE-9 21 357 757th Tank Bn. 16264 4th Rgt Band, Camp Hill, 1943-45,Far- LST-911 18117 USS Carroll DE 171 21209 759th MP Bn. 10728 ragut, Idaho 22091 LST-937 20354 USS Case DD-370 17995 759th Railway Operating Bn. 1 0784 6th Naval Beach Bn. (Normandy D- LST-991 10933 USS Catoctln AGC-5 (1944-46) 22591 760TH F.A. BN.Assn. 20860 Day) 22323 MCB-1 2 Seabees Assn. 1 0742 USS Cavalier APA-37(1 946-49) 20334

771 ST F.A. Bn.,B Btry. 15535 9th Special Seabees - (WWII) 1 0853 MCB-2 14671 USS Charles Carroll APA-28 1 7648

772nd TDBn. 10283 1 0th Spec. Stevadore Const. Bn. 1 01 40 MCB-7 20524 USS Charles S. Sperry DD-697 1 8038

773rd Tank Destroyer Assn. 1 5680 1 1 th Spec. Seabees 1 7555 MCB-7 (1951-70) 18627 USS Cincinnati CL-6 1 7887

JULY 1992 43 8 2 1 8 51 75 **VETS**

USS COFER DE-208/APD-62 21 1 37 USS Mansfield DD-728 1 761 USS Tracy, Preble, Sicard, & Prultt 47th Air Depot Grp. 20494 USS Coghlan DD-606 Assn. 1 0282 USS Marblehead CL-1 2 ASSN. 1 0407 22112 484th/461st Bomb Grps. Assn.-(WWII) USS Collingsworth APA-1 46 1 7825 USSMarkabAD-21 18154 USS Tranquility AH-1 4 20368 15006 USS Columbia CL 56 1 7543 USS Martin H. Ray DE-338 20456 USS Trepang SS 41 2 1 7349 485th Bomb Grp. 15052 Columbus CA-74/CG-12 - (1944- Trinity - USS USS McCallDD-400 11156 USS AO-1 3 (1 939-46) 1 8304 501 st Tac.Con.Grp.& Assoc.AC & W 76/lncludlng Marines) 18362 McConnell Tutuila 1 USS DE 163 17427 USS ARG 4 7390 Sq.,Germany 1 950-60 20855 Concord CL-10 17515 USS USS McCook DD-496/DMS-36 18582 USS Uhlmann 20251 523rd Ftr. Bomb Sq. 15062 10051 USS ConeDD-866 USS McDermut DD-677 1 0876 USS Umpqua ATA 209 1 7330 601st AC & WS(Germany 1948-60) USS Copahee CVE-12/VGS-12/VT/VF- USS McDougal DD-358 1 861 USS Undaunted ATO-58 14654 14052 21 17671 USS McNair DD-679 1 841 USS Vammen DE-644 10592 610th AC & WS Fukuoka, Kyushu, USS Corbesler DE-438 1 1 097 USS Mertz DD-691 17470 USS W.L. Lind DD-703 Plank Owners Japan 14152 USSCrouterDE-11 18403 Mindanao ARG-3 1 18260 USS 7603 674th S AW Co. 1 0379 Culebra Island 1 USS ARG-7 7699 USS Minneapolis Assn. 1 7343 USS Walter S. Brown DE-258 1 4383 807TH Tac. Control Sqrdn., Germany USS Currier DE-700 11 053 USS Montague AKA-98 1 7694 USS Wasatch AGC-9 - (WWII) 1 8666 20528 Currituck AV-7 1 1 USS 4598 USS Montpelier CL 57 Assn. 1 7788 USS Wayne APA-54 8363 925th Avn. Engrs. HQ Co. 15022 USS Custer APA-40 14433 USS Mount McKinley Assoc. - (1944- USS West Virginia BB 48 21227 2130 Comm/2130 AACS/7562ABS USS Dawson APA-79 1 01 88 70)17977 USSWileman DE-22 17824 22074 USS DeGrasse AK228/AP164 1 7550 USS Mount Olympus AGC-8 21912 USSWilhoite(DE397)21190 3081th Avn. Dep. Sq., Rushmore AFS USS DeHaven DD-727 & DD-469 18597 USS Neches (AO-5) WWII 21 564 USS William P. Blddle APA-8 18097 14020 USS Dewey (DLG-114) 1 5866 USS Neches AO-47 22645 USS Woodford AKA-86 - (WWII) 1 7691 6147th Tact. Cont. Grp. (Mosquito USS Dunlap DD-384 18002 USS Neuendorf DE200 20380 USS Woolsey DD-437 1 7583 Assn.) 10337 USS Dupage APA-41 (WWII) 21 950 USS Nevada (BB-36) 22900 USS Worcester CL-1 44 Assn 1 8578 7533rd AP Sq. (London) Bushy Park USS Dyson Assn. - WWI1 1 7542 USS New Mexico BB-40 Assn. 1 8662 USS Yakutat AVP-32 20464 AFB 22710 USS Edgar G. Chase DE-16 1 7590 1 VB-1 08 18073 USS Newman DE-205/APD-59 7793 Osceola AFS/RAF Croughton 1 501 USS Edmonds DE-406 (Including USS USS Newport LST-1179 decommis- VB-145 (original crew) 21709 Pararescue Assn. 15181 Blsmark Sea) 10315 sioning 22737 VC-42 17319 Retired Air Force Musicians 1 6306 USS Edwards DD-61 9 1 8472 USS Oberon AKA 14 - (WWII/Korea) VF-101 (Vintage Midway Cruise 1955) USS Elizabeth C. Stanton AP-69 18151 18343 20492

USS England DE-635 1 8075 USS Omaha CL-4 1 0475 VF-46 14633 USS Essex CV/CVA/CVS-9 1 8567 USS Osmond Ingram DD 255/AVD 9/ VF-73 10202 USS Everglades AD-24 1 4595 APD 35 17490 VJ-1 21633 Army Air Forces USS Fanning DD-385 10948 USS Panamint AGC-1 3 21 349 VP-1 4/VB-1 02/VPB-1 02 - (WWII) 1 7434

USS FelandAPA11 17337 USS Peiffer DE 588 1 8228 VP-40 - (Seaplane era) 1 7597 1st Radio Sq., Patterson Fid. - (1942- USS Flint CL-97 Asso. 1 8603 USS Pensacola CA 24 1 8369 VP/VPB-1 46 17362 45)16821 USS Florence Nightingale AP-70 1 8227 USS Philip DD-498 - (WWII) 1 0751 VPB-26- (WWII) 10634 USS Foreman DE 633 18459 USS Pittsburgh CA-72 1 0599 VR-24Assn. 10783 2nd Ftr.Sq.(E-men),52nd Ftr.Grp.WWII USS Fowler DE-222 1 7532 USS President Hayes APA-20 1 7592 VS-50 17505 20922 3rd Air Base Group 1941-45 WWII USS Franklin D. Roosevelt CV-42 & Air USS President Adams APA 19 1 8052 VS-55 1 8543 Wings 17996 USS Prince William CVE-31 Assn. VT(N)-91 (Night Torpedo Squadron 91) 16970 3rd 1 USS Gage APA-1 68 1 4545 10366 20239 Air Depot Group 4327 3rd Photo Sq., USS Gallup P.F.47 14426 USS Randall APA-224 1 1 1 44 VU-1 NAS Barbers Pt. 22504 Recon 311th Recon USSGatlingDD-671 17696 USS Raymond W. Herndon APD-121 YMS-398 18105 Wing, 20th AF22117 3rd Staff 1 USS Gayety AM-239 1 7556 21258 Sq., Sherman Field 0989 Ft USS Gherardi DD 637/DMS 30 17431 USS Razorback SS 394 - (WWII) 1 7540 4th AFTralnlng-B-32s, Worth (1945) USS Griffin AS-1 3 1791 USS Reeves DE-156/APD-52 17478 20462 4th Air Depot Grp. 1 6975 USS Griswold DE-7 (WWII) 1 7836 USS Renshaw DD/DDE-499 1 1 1 83 4th 6th Tac Air Comm. Sqs. -(WWII) USS Guam CB-2 18351 USS Reuben James DE-1 53 1 8564 Air Force USS Gurnard SS-254 1 0892 USS Richard M. Rowell DE 403 1 4559 10604 5th Air Sq. 16971 USS Halford DD-480 1 731 USS RlcheyDE-385 10633 Drome USS Harding DD-625/DMS-28 18205 USS Robert L. Wilson DD/DDE 847 1st Fighter Grp. 20482 6th Troop Carrier Sq.-(1 942-61 ) 1 6778 USS HawkbilISS 36614627 21270 3rd Photo Recon Sq. 20260 7th Army Air Force, 494th Bomb Grp USS Hector AR-7 18267 USS Robinson DD-562 28335 5th Ftr.Sq. 10156 (H) 20847 Group, 20397 USS Highland APA-119 21951 USS Rockingham APA 229 1 7333 5th Repair Unit (Floating) 21715 7th Ferrying WWII USS Hornet Club Inc. - (CV-8/12/CVA- USS Roper DD-1 47, APD-20 221 89 6th A&E Squadron, Walker AFB, NM 8th Photo Recon. Sq. - (WWII) 1 0738 12/CVS-12)17950 USS Rowan DD-405 18215 21716 10th Ftr. Sq., 50th Ftr. Grp. - (WWII) USS Howard F. Clark DE-533 22303 USS S-13-(SS 118) 17772 10th Serv. Sq. 15080 15105 USS Hull DD-350 10878 USS Sable AO-4, USS Wolverine 15th Troop Carrier SQ. 22346 1 5th & 20th Weather Sq. Assn. 2061 USS Hunt DD-674 18437 (WWII) 14586 1 7th Photo Recon, 1 3th AF 201 90 18th Pursuit Sq. 16969 20th Tactical USS Hutchins DD-476 Assn. 1 8356 USS Saipan CVL-48 1 7346 27th Ftr. Bomb Grp. 15064 Recon. Sq. CB1 10999 22nd Sq., 341st (M) - (CBI/ USS Inch DE-1 46 Assn. 1 0790 USS San Diego CL-53 21 282 34th Bomb Grp. 15026 Bomb BG USS INTREPID CV/CVA/CVS 1121151 USS San Francisco CA-38 1 7805 36th Air Depot Grp, HQ, Supply & Air WWII) 16756 23rd Photo Reconn. Sq. 22705 USS Jacob Jones DE-1 30 1 7637 USS Schenck DD-159/USS Leary DD- Repair Sqs., 266th/436 th QMs 1 5003 27th ATG, 310th/311th/312th Ferrying USS James E. Craig DE 201 1 7385 158 18669 43rd MR & R Sq. 15171 Sqs.-(ETO) 16857 USS James C. Owens DD-776 1 0694 USS Self ridge DD-357 1 8593 49th Pur., Ftr., & Fighter Interceptor 28th Photo Recon. Sq. 15107 USS John R. Craig DD-885 1 81 94 USS Sherburne APA-205 11197 Sqdn. 15078 36th Air Indlanhead USS Joseph E. Campbell DE-70/APD- USS Sibley APA-206 1 0420 50th Air Service Sq 22185 Depot Group2nd Dlv., Inf., 4917795 USS Sierra AD-1 8 17501 65th Trp. Carrier Sq. - (WWII) 1 5004 38th K Co. 14190 38th Air Grp., Repair Sq. 21 841 USS Kalk DD-61 1 10895 USS Sllverstein DE-534 1 7636 69th Service Sq., 5th AF 1 5054 Depot USS Keokuk 17483 USS Simon Lake - (Commissioning 75th Air Dpt. Wing - (1 952-56) 1 5050 38th Bomb Grp. Assn. 16865 - 46th Carrier Sq., 317th T.C. Grp. USS Kidd Assn./DESRON-48 21 1 87 Crew thru 1968) 18553 75th Ftr. Sq., 23rd Ftr. Grp., 14th AF Troop USSKimberly DD-521 18410 USS Sioux ATF-75 21 238 (China/WWII) 15090 16885 - 50th Troop Carrier Wing, HQ Sq. 1 6898 USS Kitkun Bay CVE-71, VC-5/63/91 & USS Snapper SS-1 85 1 1 043 92nd Periodic Malnt. Sq. (1951-55) 51st Trp. Carrier Wing HQ - (WWII) TAFFY III 17842 USS SoubarissenAO-93 10497 15092 USS Kolner DE-331 18033 USS Southern Seas 21 398 93rd Trp. Carrier Sq., 439th T.C. Grp. - 16812 USS Kretchmer DE/DER-329 10433 USS Sphinx ARL-24 14478 (WWII) 15030 60th Air Service Sqdrn 1 4591 61st Trp. Carrier Sq. 16968 USS Kula Gulf CVE-1 08 1 7954 USS Springfield CL-66/CLG-7/SSN- 94th Civil Eng. Assn. 10365 66th Serv. Sq., 5th AF - (WWII) 1 5098 USS Kwajalein CVE-98 1 7423 761 Bluejackets Inc 18364 102nd F/W., Logan-Otis, Mass.N.G., 74th Bomb Sq., Guatemala - (1942-45) USS Lackawanna AO-40 1 0704 USS St. Paul Assn. 1 0548 (1947-92) 20126 16978 USS Lander APA-1 78 1 8690 USS Stack DD-406 17892 301 st Vets Assn. 15081 78th Trp. Carrier Sqrdn. (WWII) 20336 USS LaPorte APA-1 51 10262 USS Stingray SS 1 86 21 350 303rd Bomb Grp. (H) 22625 - 82nd Ftr. Grp. Assn. 10275 USS Leedstown APA-56 1 8353 USSStraubDE-181 18295 304th Ftr. Sq. (Pinellas AB/WWII) 85th Dpt. Repair SQ. 20894 USS Leedstown AP-73 Survivors USS Sturgeon SS 1 87 1 7937 10400 86th Ftr. Bomb Grp. • (WWII) 1 6849 22695 USS Susan B. Anthony AP-72 1 0394 324th Service Sq. 306th Serv.Grp. 89th Troop Carrier Grp., 24/25/26/30/ USS LesuthAK-1 25 17358 USS Suwannee CVE-27 1 0931 (WWII) 15021 - 31st Sqs. -(WWII) 16882 USS Lindsey DM-32 1 0722 USS Swanson DD 443 1 8330 325th Air Serv. Grp. (Ireland/England) USS Logan APA-1 96 14611 USS Swasey DE-248 10290 16927 107th Tac. Recon. Sq. - (WWII) 16787 USS Louisville 18426 USSTacoma PF 3 17673 330th Bomb Grp. (VH) 21842 140TH Radio Intel). Co., 6TH A AF USS Lovelace DE 1 98 1 7447 USS Taconic AGC-1 7 1 0833 339th Ftr. Grp., 8th AF (WWII) 21 845 20910 USS LOWRY DD 770 20355 USS Takelma 17925 342nd Serv. Sq. 10013 315th Trp. Carrier Grp. Assn. (WWII) USS Ludlow DD-438 17614 USSTalamancaAF15 21346 348th Fighter Grp., inc: 340th, 341st, 16864 USS Lunga Point CVE-94,VC-85,VC-98 USSTambor SS 198 17687 342nd & 460th Sqdns 20167 317th Air Serv. Sq. 16918 17388 USS Tattnall DD-1 25/APD-1 9 1 1 1 73 386th Bomb Grp. Assn. 20389 320th Bomb Grp. 10939 USS Mack DE-358 18468 USS Taussig DD-746 18307 452nd Bomb. Wing (USAF RESERVE) 328th Serv. Sq./444th Sub Depot/303rd USS Maddox DD-731/622 1 741 USS Texas BB-35 18526 Korea 1950-52 15126 BG Assoc. 10759 USS Manchester CL-83 1 7930 USS Thorn DD-647 21 508 459th Bomb Grp. Assn. 1 51 86 340th Fighter Sqd. ,348th Fighter USS Manila Bay CVE-61 1 8646 USSTinsman DE-589 17668 467th Serv. Sq., 8th AF, Honington, Group 20248 USS Mannert L. Abele DD-733 10204 USSTortuga LSD-26 Assn. 10436 England (WWII) 14008 349th Troop Carrier Grp., HQ Sq. 21 933

THE AMERICAN LEGION 9 1 **VETS**

365th Ftr. Grp.(386th,387th,388th Sqs. 16907 17th Marines, 1st Div., 1st Mar.Eng. USS Arthur Middleton APA-25 1 7062 (WWII) 20962 1537th Ord. S&M Avn Co., 5th AAF 20393 USS Belfast PF-35 10495 - 367th Ftr. Grp. Assn./392nd/393rd/ 11039 23rd Rgt., 4th MarDlv., F Co. (Navy USS Brunswick PF-68 1 1 078

394th Sqs. 16876 1 909-1 91 0 Ord. Avn .Co. 5th AF 20269 Included/WWII) 10300 USS Cavalier APA-37 (WWII) 1 7054 376th Heavy Bomb Grp. Assn. 1 0467 2072nd QM Truck. Co. 1091 24th Marines, H & S Co. - (WWII) 1 71 47 USS Lansing DE/DER-388/WDE-488 390th Serv. Sq., 74th Serv. Grp., HQ & 4000th AAF Base Unit, HQ Sq., ATSC, 26th Mar.,5th Mar. Div.,WWII 20501 17025 HQ 10416 Flight Section (forme rly 1010th) Buckeyes via Rail from Cleveland to USS Machias PF-53, Escort Div. 33 398th Bomb Grp. 16980 10124 Paris Island (1952) 20214 10122 403rd Trp. Carrier Grp., 13th AF, HQ AF & AAF Combat Photographic Pers. Cold Weather Trng Bn (KOREA) 22173 USS New Bedford PF-71 10114 20986 20220 Marine Barracks-N.A.D. 20288 USS Sheboygan P.F.57 20372 434th Ftr. Sq., 479th Ftr. Grp. 2081 Ardmore Army Airfield 17963 Marine Corps Tankers Assn. 1 71 56 437th Signal Avn. Bn. 16843 CBI Himalayian Flyers 16883 Marine Detach., Nav. HQ - (London,

452nd Bomb Grp. Assn. 1 1 1 42 P-40 Warhawk Pilots Assn. 1 6784 England) 17150 454th Bomb Sq., 323rd Bomb Grp. - PC 42-D (Stockton Field) 21 221 VMB-423 (WWII) 20356 Merch. Marine (WWII) 10308 Pilot Class 42-X 16774 VMF-115 - (Joe Foss, commanding) 455th Bomb Sq., 323rd Bomb Grp., 9th 17073 American Merchant Marine Vets 1 7241 AF - (WWII) White Ta lied Marauders VMSB-133 - (Including MAG-24 units) 10414 17113 460th Bomb Grp. Assn. 1 6900 Marines VMSB-243 The Flying Goldbrlcks 461 st Bomb Gp. Heavy (1943-45) 22501 21543 Miscellaneous 478th Serv. Sq., 30th Mat. Sq., 22nd Air VMSB-343 17232 Base Grp., 5th A F - (1942-45) 1 6998 1st Bn., 28th Mar., 5th Div., C. Co. - Iwo VMTB-242- (WWII) 17193 500th Ser Sq., 54th ASG - (WWII/Tez- Jima/1 945 17107 Women Marines Assn. 21046 919th Engr. Avn. Maint./6010th Engr. goan/lndia) 16747 2nd Bn., 2nd Marines, 2nd Div., F Co., Avn. Co. 10510 585th Bomb Sq. 16746 2nd Pltn.- (WWII) 10053 Civilian Conservation Corps, Cos. 601 st TCS - (1 946-50) 1 6826 2nd Bn. 9th Marines, H Co. Mortar 2735/1797 10227 801st/492nd Bomb Grp. "Carpetbag- Pltn.WWI1 17161 Coast Guard Civilian Conservation Corps, All Mili- gers" 10362 2nd Bn., 1st Rgt., 1st Div "Devil Dogs" tary Branches 20234

851 st Avn. Engr. Bn. 1 6993 20324 Civilian Conservation Corps Camp - 855th Engr. Avn. Bn. - (WWII) 1 6807 2nd Bn., 5th Rgt., 1st MarDlv., E Co. 13th Nav. Dist. CG Band, D.C.G.O. Raleigh 14516 868th Bomb.(H) Sq. 16935 14342 (1943-46)17060 DAC-EUR-AII charter members 21 653 - 871 st Airborne Engrs. Bn. 1 0322 2nd Marine Div Assn 1 0839 All Coast Guard Reunion (Grps./ Howard County Vietnam Vets Assn.

878th Chem. Co. - (WWII) 1 6924 3rd Amph. Corps Signal Bn., FMF Retired Personnel) 17013 22184

901 st Engr. 8th AF, HQ Co. 1 0858 17212 Coast Guard Constr. Units 26/211/390 Iowa Basha of CB1 17269 926th Signal Bn. (SEP) TAC WWII Eto 3rd Bn., 10th Marines, 2nd Mar. Div. 17023 Korean Veterans Assn. - (Nebraska 10208 (WWII) 17088 LST-760 21499 Chapter) 17297 927th Signal Bn.(SEP)TAC 21 524 3rd Bn., 3rd Marines 10550 LST-762 17071 Korean Veterans(Revislt) 21 996 1117th MP Co. Avn -(CBI) 16910 3rd Bn. 8th Marine HQ Co. (HQ 3-8) Patrol Frigate Assn. 10888 Nat'l Order of Battlefield Commis- 1352nd AAFBU, Search & Rescue 21725 USCGCPC-590 10702 sions 17284 14283 5th Amph. Corps Signal Bn. 1 4323 USCGC Tampa 10804 Special Operations Assn. 10673

1406th AAFBU, St. Mawgan-England 6th Mar. Div. Assn. - (National) 1 71 88 USCGC Woodbine 17032 Vietnam Helicopter Pilots Assn. 1 7258 (WWII/Including all European ATCs) 7th Field Dpt. 17222 USS Aquarius AKA-16 17018 Vietnam Veterans, Nebraska 10950

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JULY 1992 45 Beyond the Wall is the fund-raiser for ans and an indoor and outdoor concert REMEMBRANCE the exhibit. featuring performers and musical The National Park Service collects groups from the '60s. Continuedfrom page 16 the items left and sends them to the Then, on Sunday, Nov. 8, the read- archives for storage and classification. ing of the names will begin. There are Since its construction, some 20 mil- 58,183 names on The Wall, men and lion people have visited the Vietnam women who made the ultimate sacri- The commemoration began March Veterans Memorial. Once the center of fice in America's longest war. Their 26, the 10th anniversary of the intense controversy, The Wall now names will be read day and night, as ground-breaking. In May, a Memorial ranks among the most visited sites in honor guards stand sentinel. Day observance took place and in the country. Spectators will be given glow sticks as June, on Father's Day, the children of Without The American Legion, evening falls. The reading will con- those named on The Wall laid a single however, the memorial might still be tinue until all the names have been red rose before the panel bearing their uncompleted. Legionnaires donated read, concluding sometime Wednesday father's name. $1.3 million to the building fund, morning. Many people leave things at The making the Legion the largest single Wall. "It is almost mystical," says donor. And it was the Legion that PRESIDENT George Bush has been Duery Felton, Curator of the Military stepped in and was instrumental in invited to be the keynote speaker at Archives for the National Park saving the memorial when lawmakers The Wall on Veterans Day, Nov. 11. Service. who opposed the design, tried to block American Airlines is offering dis- "We collect letters, medals, momen- its construction. count airline fares to Washington, toes of all description," Felton says. The wisdom and effectiveness of D.C, to attend the anniversary events "It represents an on-going tribute and the design can no longer be argued as of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. an outpouring of grief and pride that is more people visit The Wall than visit Call (800) 433-1790 and ask for STAR unlike any other monument anywhere the Lincoln Memorial. File No. S02N2GV. in the world. The Wall is definitely That's why a huge turnout is expect- Train travelers can also receive dis- unique." ed in November, the actual anniver- count fares (except for Metroliner, auto Felton's staff, in conjunction with sary date of the memorial. On Nov. 6, train or sleeper accommodations) by the Smithsonian Institute in Wash- the American Film Institute will pre- calling Amtrak Personalized Travel at ington, D.C., and an organization sent a series of films on Vietnam at (800) 237-6971 and asking for called Beyond the Wall, will be select- the Kennedy Center. Michael Greenwald. ing Wall items to be exhibited at the The next day, on Nov. 7, the WMF Hotel reservations are available by Smithsonian beginning in October. will sponsor meals for homeless veter- calling D.C. Accommodations at (800) 554-2220. Be sure to mention you are coming to Washington for the Vietnam Memorial events. THE "OFF-LAWN" MOWER For additional information and a full schedule of events, contact Jamie At Last!... a machine that Smith or Jim Burns at the Vietnam your entire Veterans Memorial Fund, Inc., 815 makes property 15th St. NW, Washington, DC 20005, more useable, accessible or phone (202) 393-0090. and beautiful!

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46 THE AMERICAN LEGION ,

PATENTS THE PATENT PROCESS Continuedfrom page 29 ONE of the greatest fears of in- witness. You should also keep copies ventors and other creative types of all correspondence about the proj- is that some scoundrel will steal ect, and records of anyone you've

their work and make a fortune. spoken with about it. Thailand and others that are lax in The U.S. government offers three Applications must include a enforcing property rights. The theft: types of protection: copyrights for written document that describes and fakes of brand-named computers and manuscripts; trademarks for product explains the invention, including unlawfully copied computer software; names; and patents for inventions. claims made for it; an oath or decla- and drugs, some of which make their While the basic filing fee is $370, ration that the inventor feels that he way back into the United States and are the final cost of obtaining a patent or she is the original and first dangerous because they don't perform can be anywhere from about $2,000 inventor of the item described; a like the real patented ones. to tens of thousands of dollars for drawing of the invention in cases From a legal perspective, more than legal help, forms and drawings. where such drawings are necessary; half of all patents granted in the United Thus, before you file, it's wise to and the filing fee. States today go to foreign corporations. search patent records to see if what If two of more people are the One reason is that America is one of the you've developed is a new invention. inventors, they can apply for a patent best nations in which to file, thanks to Searches can be conducted at the as joint inventors. A person who courts that strongly back the "first-to- U.S. Patent Office in Arlington, Va. funds research on an invention is not invent" patent holders and levy large or at one of the 5 1 Patent Depository considered the inventor. Only the judgments against those who infringe libraries located in 32 states. person who does the creating can upon them. Most inventors seek help for this hold the patent. The nationality of the inventor is chore by hiring an attorney or agent For forms and information on meaningless. If that red-blooded Amer- who specializes in patents. Although patent applications, write to the ican Cliff Clavin invents a radical new fees range from $200 to more than Commissioner of Patents and postal box destined to earn him the big $1,000, such assistance can help Trademarks, Washington, D.C. bucks, he's back on his stool on the TV you avoid infringing on another 20231. program, "Cheers," if a Mitsubishi mail patent, or even provide clues on how A booklet on the patent process is to design around an existing patent. available by writing the Superinten- clerk invented it first. And guess which country is extremely active with U.S. Because similar ideas are often dent of Documents, U.S. Govern- patent applications. As New York developed at the same time, experts ment Printing Office, Washington, attorney Steven Glazer told Business recommend that you keep a note- D.C. 20402. Also available are Week: "The Japanese are building up book—with numbered pages bound "General Information Concerning their patent stockpile." with glue or stitched pages— in Patents," in non-technical language Nevertheless, the United States also which to record progress on the for the layman, which costs $2, and invention. "Basic Facts About Trademarks" at is engaged in its share of internecine Each page should be $1.75. patent warfare. For example, in 1990 signed by yourself and at least one -J.S. Eastman Kodak was ordered to pay Polaroid $900 million for infringing on several of its patents for instant photog- petition, in part due to some serious European style monopolies, they con- raphy. In the summer of 1991, a U.S. fractures in the patent system. cluded that granting a limited monop- federal court ordered Johnson & Ironically, it's a system that hereto- oly could benefit society— even more Johnson (J&J), to pay $116 million in fore has been the bedrock of the than the individual— by stimulating damages and interest to Minnesota nation's economic prosperity. innovation. Thus, they created a board Mining & Manufacturing (3M), after If necessity is the mother of inven- empowered to issue a patent for a period finding that J&J violated four of 3M's tion, the U.S. Patent system has for of 14 years, which gave an inventor the patents. more than 200 years been innovation's right to exclude all others from making Such suits are a part of big business. guardian father. Said Thomas Jeffer- or using his or her invention. The period But when legal eagles pluck at each son, who as Secretary of State adminis- has since been extended to 17 years for other's eyes over intellectual property, tered the Patent Office at its founding in new and useful inventions, and 14 years it generates a smokescreen that obscures 1790: "The issue of patents for new for such things as designs of product a far more significant problem. Besides discoveries has given a spring to inven- boxes. generating large legal fees, it diverts tion beyond my comprehension." With the vision so typical of the Con- management's attention to legal mat- The idea of patents grew out of the stitution's authors, the founding fathers, ters instead of focusing on the business medieval European institution of in creating the U.S. patent system, of production. When a case goes against allowing monopolistic control over devised yet another incredibly demo- a company taking a risk that something useful goods to stimulate their sale and cratic and effective system. It's one that may or may not be patented, millions of distribution. Usually granted by plays no favorites, offering the same dollars invested in developing products monarchs, the monopolies were fre- opportunity and protection to rocket that could help society go down the quently corrupt and often exploited the scientists, IBM researchers and garage- drain. public. based inventors alike. Benefitting While they should be concentrating When the delegates met in Philadel- legendary little guys such as Robert on creating new wealth, U.S. corpora- phia in 1787 to frame the Constitution, Kearns, it also backed the obscure and tions are losing still more of their edge they debated a means to protect inven- virtually unknown Gilbert Hyatt, who against increasingly tough foreign com- tors and authors. Although fearing Please turn page

JULY 1992 47 made by man," including new forms of hopes that a $1 billion computer system life. will cut a year off that time by the PATENTS Nevertheless, there are signs that the middle of the decade. But there are Continuedfrom page 47 system is starting to squeak like that differences in other countries' patent genetically altered mouse. One problem laws. Japan and Europe use the "first- is the sheer volume of inventions, the to-file" system and make the applica-

hundreds of thousands of annual filings. tions public 1 8 months later. The first-

in 1990 after a 20-year struggle, sent In 1991 , the PTO issued its 5 millionth to-file criteria cuts down on a lot of shock waves through the semiconductor patent. The PTO has an examining staff duplicate effort between competing industry when he finally won the patent of nearly 1 ,500, trained in all branches inventors. for the basic semiconductor. A licensing of science. Examiners must determine Japanese patents most often revolve deal with a giant electronics firm has whether an application truly represents around minute and incremental im- since set him up for life. something new, a process that means provements in products, processes and The patent system rewards what pouring through U.S. and foreign patent applications, and they're churned out Thomas Edison called "inspiration and records, scientific books and publica- by the hundreds. Designed to stimulate perspiration," an apt description by the tions to see if the item or process has al- new technology and manufacturing man who in 1878 received Patent No. ready been invented, or even described. might, the ideas are rushed into devel- 200,521 for a "Phonograph or Speaking For much of its existence, the PTO opment, at the same time U.S. innova- Machine," and who still holds the indi- kept its records in shoebox-sized files. tions are being tied up in the American But the quaint and musty method is vidual record of nearly 1 , 100 more. It's system. Once commercial, the innova- a system that in 1906 granted Orville giving way to modernization. Despite tions patented in Japan may well keep and Wilbur Wright a chance to profit some difficulties, the government is American firms with similar products from "New and Useful Improvements making progress toward computerizing from making inroads into Japanese in Flying-Machines." the system. Despite some start-up markets.

It is also the same system that a few problems, says PTO attorney Lee The beauty of the U.S. system is that years ago awarded Harvard University a Schroeder, "We have a system that's it protects the independent inventor patent for a genetically altered mouse, better than anyone else." In a Business who cannot afford to file numerous created for use in cancer research. The Week interview, Schroeder claimed applications—just to show that he is mouse's acceptance confirmed that— "There's not much difference in the first. A U.S. inventor can also dawdle as a Supreme Court decision on the exam done in the United States, Japan on developing the product, fully aware creation of an oil-eating bacteria con- or Europe. But we are quicker." that the court system will back him as cluded— "a patent can be granted on Though Japan currently takes about the first-to-invent claimant. The upshot anything under the sun that can be 36 months to grant patent approval, it in the United States, says Schroeder, is

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48 THE AMERICAN LEGION that "we don't have any trouble invent- to copy patented U.S. drugs at a frac- face a few more disadvantages. But

ing, but [the problem is] with pushing tion of the cost. They were able to society is much more complex than it the technology forward." charge lower prices because they didn't was in 1842, when an Illinois Con- The first-to-file system and its more have to take any investment risks and gressman named Abe Lincoln received open disclosure policies, however, had no costs in research and develop- patent No. 6,469 for "A Device for apparently brings products to market ment. And Monsanto refuses to intro- Buoying Vessels over Shoals." Having much faster. It reduces some of the duce its best-seller weed killer in India, twice been on grounded vessels, Lin- confusion and conflict that surrounds which offers no patent protection. Says coln devised a set of bellows that could competing claims. And any time mas- a company spokesman, "The loser in all be attached to the hull of a ship, just sive legal tussles can be averted— sorry, of this is the Indian farmer." below the water line. The idea was that LA. Law— money can go to more pro- The message is getting out. The in shallow water, the air-filled bellows ductive pursuits that create long-term World Intellectual Property Organiza- could enable the ship to float clear. wealth. tion is working with trade negotiators to Patents, of course, don't guarantee develop more consistency in trademark that inventions are a success. Lincoln's THERE may always be some confu- laws around the world. Several nations, certainly wasn't. But patent laws are sion and competing claims in com- including Brazil, Turkey, Egypt and nonetheless essential to a nation's pros- plex sciences such as biotechnol- China have agreed to improve or create perity. ogy. Companies frequently have stronger new patent laws. To win favor A famous advocate of patent laws researchers toying with almost iden- in the United States for a free-trade was author Mark Twain, who did well tical molecules, and might come up pact, Mexico said it planned to offer with one of his three patented devices, with almost identical inventions at the patent protection to food and phar- a self-pasting scrapbook. Not much same time. And some piracy of intellec- maceuticals, which it hadn't previously came of the others, and he later lost a tual property may always be with us, done. fortune investing in various gizmos. from fake Cartier watches to bootleg The U.S. system is also considering But Twain still believed in the system. videos and cheap copies of personal changes, moving from the first-to- As the character "Sir Boss" said in computer software. But governments invent to the first-to-file standard and Twain's Connecticut Yankee at King and companies from industrial nations reducing the amount of secrecy sur- Arthur's Court, "A country without a are beginning to pressure those coun- rounding applications. The result may patent office and good patent laws is tries that are negligent about enforcing put U.S. companies on a better footing just a crab and can't travel anyway but patents, trademarks and copyrights. for international competition, and sideways and backways." Brazil, for example, drew the wrath kindle a more aggressive attitude Despite its problems, the two-cen- of White House trade sanctions in 1988 toward product development. tury old US. patent system keeps for allowing Brazilian drug companies In the future, the lone inventor may crawling straight ahead.

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companies and care providers, with trolled by the consumers. the government giving aid that would, The government already provides HOFF enable people to buy private insur- assistance to some people to purchase Continuedfrom page 26 ance. private insurance, and it loses $60 bil- Health care can be made more effi- lion a year in taxes because payment cient by subjecting it to the same mar- by companies for their employees' ket forces and the same discipline of health insurance is not treated as tax-

decide which hospital should provide competition that control costs in the able income, as other compensation is. particular services, which hospital rest of the economy. This would per- This subsidy is unfair and untarget- should own a particular piece of mit consumers to make their own ed. The government gives assistance equipment, and how much each hospi- choices, based upon both price and to those who need it least—those tal and doctor could charge for each quality. whose employers pay for their own medical procedure. insurance. People who pay for their The amount of care that Americans AMERICANS making these choices own insurance receive little or no receive would be politically deter- would promote competition among assistance. The arrangement encour- mined, and these decisions would be health-care insurance plans, which ages and subsidizes the purchase of bureaucratically implemented. It is in turn would force hospitals and doctors more insurance than is necessary, naive to assume that government can to compete. The hospitals and doctors which inflates the costs of health care make these decisions correctly, scien- who delivered the best care and who to everyone. tifically, and without political bias. were responsive to their patients would Government assistance should be

Americans would have to take be the most successful. Those who did targeted to those who need it. In this health care as permitted by the gov- not would be weeded out and fail. way everyone, including those who ernment, not on the basis of what they How can people who cannot afford currently are uninsured, would have want. The result would be shortages, insurance exercise these choices? the ability to participate in a private waiting lines and reduced quality of Government can assist people to system and could choose the private care. obtain coverage without ruining the health plan that best met their needs.

Concerns over a government-con- health-care system. It could give those Regulation should be focused on trolled system, however, are balanced who need help a voucher or a tax cred- making a competitive market work.

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50 THE AMERICAN LEGION Some claim that American politics experience is the claim that Canadian is too corrupt or incompetent to man- medical care is undesirably poor in MARMOR age a national health-insurance pro- access, quality and managerial acu- Continuedfrom page 27 gram without gross wastefulness. men. That's only an excuse to avoid the Critics of the Canadian system problem. make much of well-publicized bottle- Exaggerated claims are also made necks in the delivery of some special- Germany relies .on more than 1,200 that America's undeniably more ized services. But Canadians generally sickness funds. The Canadian experi- numerous poor—and more violent find it easier than Americans to obtain ence, in particular, shows that decen- forms of medical care. They also cities—would overwhelm any national most tralization permits considerable varia- health-insurance system. have more general hospital beds per tion. capita, stay longer in hospitals when Additional spending would indeed Canadian provinces must provide a sick, and use more physician services be required to cover America's unin- Medicare type of health insurance that per person. sured, but the General Accounting is universal, comprehensive in bene- If judged by infant mortality and Office estimates the additional cost at fits, publicly administered and longevity, Canadian medical care is $12 billion—an amount dwarfed by portable across the country. Beyond better than American care. the administrative savings alone of a these core requirements, there is great American medicine needs reform. Canadian-style plan. And the costs of variation in financing, the type of Code words like "the market," the greater violence of U.S. cities are additional benefits offered, and "national health insurance" and "man- already incorporated in the budgets of whether there are insurance intermedi- aged care" provide no answers. We urban emergency rooms. aries between provincial governments need less talk about American unique- True, but irrelevant to the virtues of and medical providers. ness and more willingness to listen to national health insurance is Canada's what others can tell us. free-riding on American biomedical A 10-nation survey, Canadians research. Research costs can and INwere the happiest with their health- should be shared among industrial care system—56 percent reported nations; a more disciplined American TAN AT HOME! overall satisfaction compared with 10 Home & Commercial health budget and shrunken medical WOLFF Tanning Beds in the States. Before percent United Units From $199 profits would surely prompt such pool- the introduction of national health Home Delivery! ing. CALL TODAY FOR fREE insurance in Canada, they spent as COLOR CATALOG AND much per capita as the United States The most widespread and silly WHOLESALE PRICING! on medical care. Now they spend excuse for ignoring the Canadian 800-228-6292 about 30 percent less. The West German system shows that it is possible to mandate universal health insurance through a variety of Revolutionary 2-in-1 individual plans. Practically every German citizen is insured. Most are TRIMMER/MOWER! insured by sickness funds that employers and unions jointly run. The unem- SO MUCH EASIER to use than hand-held trimmers OR ployed have their own funds; so do small-wheels mowers! TRIMS plus MOWS everything from retirees and the disabled. whole lawns (even wet, without clogging)) to tough, waist-high Canadian and German doctors, like grass and weeds with incredible ease! Rocks, etc. do it no harm their American counterparts, are because it has no steel blade to bend, break or dull. Perfect for use

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ALLEGIANCE Legionnaires Rally Round The Flag Continuedfrom page 19

Continuedfrom page 19 of speech guaranteed by the First October 1989, 64 percent wanted Amendment. Creator for help and guidance. such an amendment. Also, 81 percent of those sur- Oft-quoted Psalms and Proverbs The Legion's November poll of veyed said they would vote for a refer to God's love and care for those 1,000 Americans also showed that constitutional amendment to pro- who call upon His name and who an overwhelming majority wanted tect the flag from the physical act believe in Him. They also have dozens a chance to vote on a constitution- of being burned. of references to God's hatred of al amendment to protect the flag— "The poll results are clear. (man's) pride (in himself), and how chance Congress has not yet given Support for a constitutional people who believe they can do any- American voters. amendment is growing," says thing without God's help and approval In the poll, 77 percent said DiFrancesco. "Americans want are in for big surprises. such an amendment would not their flag protected. Our voices will jeopardize their right of free not be silenced until there is a con- "... indivisible ..." speech. And 77 percent said burn- stitutional amendment to protect ing a flag is not an expression the U.S. Flag." While nations rise up against each other and factions of nations rise up against their own countries, the United cleaning up accomplished and, as the steel-helmeted troops on our streets, States of America has remained intact. years passed, the animosity faded. tanks and armored troop carriers on Furthermore, it has grown from the And the United States remained our highways and the absolute doc- original 13 states to 50 and, from time united. trine of a dictator shaping our futures. to time, there is talk of certain areas We can write letters to newspaper and territories taking votes to request "...with liberty and justice for editors and not worry about reprisals. statehood, too. all." We can speak freely and disagree with The Civil War—the War Between our elected representatives. And if we the States—divided this great country Although there are unfortunate mis- disagree strongly enough, we can vote for a while. But, like the broken bone carriages of justice from time to time, them out of office at the next election. that knits together well, it served to the basic premise of liberty and justice We can wear whatever kinds of

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52 THE AMERICAN LEGION — —

developed nations. population experts believe the United

Think of it as a huge ship whose States should tighten its immigration POPULATION skipper has decided to reverse course. policy. Currently, half of all immigra- Continuedfrom page 21 Even after the captain issues the order, tion in the world is into the United the ocean liner may still travel several States. "The world simply can't afford miles before actually completing the more Americans," says Ehrlich. 180-degree turn. By some measures, Americans are

Nations fall into two vastly differ- So it is with human reproduction. already getting in each other's way. ent camps, based on fertility rates. Although the U.S. fertility rate has New York, Houston and other metro- Undeveloped countries—mostly in been at or below replacement level politan areas have become big traffic Latin America, Africa and Asia since the early 1970s, America still jams. Despite its labyrinth of freeways, account for 90 percent of the global adds 2 million people annually, not Los Angeles traffic moves at an aver- population growth. Excluding China, counting immigration. In 1990, more age speed of 33 mph. their fertility rate is 4.8, and up to a American babies were born than at "Why should we run an experiment third of their people are below 15 any time since the 1961 baby-boom to see how many people we can cram years of age—two factors that threaten year. At present rates, deaths will not on the planet before all its systems an even bigger baby boom to come. equal births in the United States for collapse?" asks Ehrlich. Indeed, who Meanwhile, most industrialized another 110 years. Then there will be would want to live in a maximally nations have reduced their TFR to about 400 million Americans com- crowded world? replacement level or below. Fertility in pared to about 250 million today. Probably no one. But what can you France, Britain, Denmark, Italy, do about it? lot! should A Germany and other nations is well WHY America and BUT Write some letters. One in your below 2.1, which means that these other industrialized countries be local newspaper will help inform your nations eventually will stop growing. concerned about their population? neighbors about the population prob- The U.S. TFR, which had been After all, their standard of living is the lem. Others to senators, representa- below replacement level for nearly two highest in the world. tives and the President might urge That, in fact, is part of the problem. decades at 1.7 or 1.8, recently shot up to support stable U.S. global affluent population, them and to 2.1, making the United States the The more a the populations and family planning assis- fastest growing developed nation on more resources it consumes and the tance for third world nations. Earth. "If current fertility and immi- more waste and pollution it produces. Finally, adopt a sense of environmen- gration [about 900,000 per year] If the entire world enjoyed the lifestyle tal responsibility. Select products, con- remain unchanged, the U.S. popula- of America, western Europe and sume energy and dispose of wastes tion will continue to grow forever," Japan, the environment might already wisely. Treat the Earth as the only home says Carl Haub, a demographer with be down for the count. you'll ever have because it is. the Population Reference Bureau. For example, although the United — The industrialized world's overall States contains only 5 percent of the low fertility rate has led some world's people, it consumes 25 percent observers to label the population of the world's energy, uses a fifth of all bomb a dud. In The Birth Dearth, for tin, aluminum and copper, and pro- example, writer and scholar Ben duces a fourth of all carbon dioxide Wattenberg calls for developed coun- possibly the chief cause of suspected global warming. tries—or at least middle- and upper- Americans also create garbage income people in those countries—to more have more, not fewer babies. than any other nation—four pounds He believes that western nations and per person per day. Each baby born in Japan will lose power and prestige as America, says Ehrlich, represents the they come to contain an ever-shrinking same environmental impact as two percentage of humanity. Failure to born in Sweden, 13 in Brazil, 35 in keep the U.S. population growing, he India and 280 in Chad or Haiti. the says, "will hurt us in every conceiv- Because American lifestyle so able way: militarily, economically, greatly affects the environment, some politically and culturally." Many population experts, however, disagree sharply. "Fallacies like this Win a free Rascal Scooter! receive public support because people Enjoy more independence with an Electric Mobility Rascal 3-wheeler! want to believe everything is okay,"

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54 THE AMERICAN LEGION .

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Q. The federal government has are entering the modern era. been unloading more for cities, GOVERNMENT and more As an important point is responsibility onto states and locali- that most cities are not big players in Continuedfrom page 23 ties for dealing with these issues. the urban game, because cities don't Are they really up to this greater run the basic programs dealing with challenge? urban problems. A Revenue sharing once helped in They don't run welfare. They don't A What we tend to forget is that the . this process, but that's gone now. run schools. They don't run job pro- people who live in the worst I personally think that the federal gov- grams. The programs that are most slums are really a small group ernment has abrogated its responsibil- important in dealing with the urban maybe 3 million altogether. One thing ity to help meet social needs in this crisis are mainly the responsibility of we are studying at the Rockefeller country. state and county governments.

College is the new neighborhoods States have been doing more, but I

being developed by black and Q. Have block grants proved ade- don't believe they can do it on their Hispanic people who are moving out quate to meet such needs? own. They need federal help, especial- of the worst areas because they want a A Block grants are like revenue ly when recession hits. safer place to live. . sharing, which was general pur- These people care more about tak- pose money. Block grants should be Q- What are the chances of having action against crime, drugs and targeted on the most needy areas to ing the private sector pick up more dependency than we do, because these enable state and local governments to of the load? are the people who are really threat- deal with the hard problems, such as A Non-profit groups that receive ened. community development and drug . money from different govern- For example, in New York City's treatment. Now, however, this program ment agencies and that are organized Queens, all around Kennedy Airport, has atrophied because it's been cut as community groups provide many of there's a huge area of almost entirely back and its impact has been reduced the social services we're talking about, black working and middle-class people by inflation. services like child care, drug treat- who are fighting to make their com- ment, job programs and mental health munity safe and pleasant to live in. Q- What role does politics play? aid. BA big factor is that the problems To understand the urban agenda and Q. What's the answer to welfare - of the inner cities involve people how we can deal with urban issues, and the permanent dependency on who don't have a constituency. They you really have to understand the ris- government handouts? don't have a lot of friends and few vote. ing role of these non-profit organiza- A The answer is not more money; They are concentrated and the group tions. We often talk about privatization > the answer is values. The answer is relatively small. in government, but what we've had in is working with people to take care of There's been a change politically urban policy is a trend toward non- their families, to get them trained for that is related to the more conservative profitization. jobs, to provide them with child care, mood of the country in the past Now the politics have shifted, the

to get jobs, to get them out of the rut decade, especially on domestic and conditions have changed, and it's hard and out of the places where welfare is social issues. This has obviously hurt. to be optimistic. most concentrated. Saving children and families—that's Q. Is corruption and inefficiency Q- What do you consider the what it's all about. It's trying to get to any worse at state and local levels worst problem now faced by state the fathers, as well as the mothers in than in Washington? and local governments? welfare families, to get them to the A I wouldn't say so. State govern- - Space and race are the key vari- mainstream society that the rest of us - ments have changed in the past A. ables. These include locked-in live in, to live by the values that enable 20 years. Their leaders are much more people who've been left behind in

you to make it in America. professional, with good analytic abili- crack and crime neighborhoods. I think we cheat the poor when we ty —leaders who care. Legislatures don't help them understand this and work all year and have strong commit- Q> What's the most hopeful devel- prepare them to climb up the ladder. tee staff support. State governments opment? A People's fantastic efforts on the m scene. I was associate staff direc- VOICE CHANGER PHONE tor of the Kerner Commission on Civil Disorders in 1968, and our final report Best Friends Can't Tell It's Youl stated that America is fast becoming Stop HarassersI two societies —one black and one Avoid Unwanted Callsl ©i white. We now know that's an over- simplification. In the years since, what's really hap-

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"LOTTO ODDS" ©1992 Copyrighted analysis w/combi- nations $1 +SASE: WMB-IIC, P.O. Box 208, Grand Haven, Ml 49417-0208. SHOW POLICE YOUR APPRECIATION. Proudly display W0RD COUNT: Count street address and box numbers as two words; supporter decal. $3. SCG&B, 9936 E. 350 Highway, $14 00 PER WORD Raytown, MO 641 33. ' a C ' ty State an< ^'^ cocles as tnree words - _ t-) " ' * C A /^O ALL-GIRL WWII BAND! Virgil Whyte's Musical Sweet- 1 KJ rvcAL^rl DEADLINE: Advertising copy must be received 60 days before cover hearts 1945 camp show tape, $12.50. 1991 reunion t' ate desired ' ssue (Example: For September issue — copy must be 7 000 000 °^ band video, $28. MUSIGALS, 325 Pennsylvania Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20003. (202) 547-0132. READERS PAYMENT: Must be received with order or charge to VISA or MC. PERSONALS

MAIL TO: Jay A. Jennison, Classified Advertising Dept. , The American Legion Magazine, c/o Fox Associates, DONALD ROSS OF CALIFORNIA, who purchased a 312-644-8718. Inc., 116 W. Kinzie St., Chicago, IL 60610, (312) 644-3888. FAX considerable amount of goods from Orchid Valley Nursery & Tropical Gardens, please contact Doc Glaspy Remittance of $ is enclosed to cover insertions in the issue(s) at The American Legion, P.O. Box 80, Malanda, NQ Australia 4885.

I I Charge to Exp. Date VISA MC HERBS, YOHIMBE, PAU D'ARCO, others. Catalog $1 (refundable). JUDE HERBS, Box 563AL, Huntington Station, NY 11 746. ASIAN WOMEN! Overseas, sincere. World's #1 correspondence service! Free details, photos! Sunshine International, Box 5500-HK, Kailua-Kona, HI 96745. (808) 325-7707. NICE SINGLES wish to meet others. FREE magazine. Send age, interests. Singles, Box 310-ALM, Allardt, TN 38504. JAPANESE WOMEN! Pacific Century, 110 Pacific

Avenue #208-JB, San Francisco, CA 941 1 1 . (81 6) 942- 1668. COMPANY NAME. PLAYING CARDS ADDRESS & CASINO SUPPLIES CASINO QUALITY POKER, Pinochle. Savings! (800) CITY/STATE/ZIP_ 223-0828. WANTED AUTOMOTIVE/ETC. MONEYMAKING OPPORTUNITIES FAMOUS AUTOGRAPHS, LETTERS, EARLY BASEBALL Memorabilia. (31 3) 961 -7572. SCARE THIEVES AWAY! Stickers warn you have an $800 WEEKLY POSSIBLE! Working at Home! 37 Dif- BOY SCOUT PATCHES, MEDALS (803) 859-291 5. alarm. Car or home $5/pair. REBCO, Box 103-L, Batavia, ferent opportunities. Rush $1 and self-addressed IL 60510. stamped envelope to: Richard Lewellyn, 202 W. 9th, P.O. WINE & BEER MAKING M1 GARAND RIFLE PICTURE-HISTORY. 300 Archive Box 393A, Harvard, NE 68944. (United States Only.) photos 1920-1970. $13.95 postpaid. ROBERT BRUCE, HUGE PROFITS, working at home, part-time. Free WINEMAKERS/BEERMAKERS. illustrated — Free P.O. Box 482L, Sandston, VA 231 50. literature. Rush a LSASE to Suite 201 . Opportunities catalog. Fast service. Large selection. (816) 254-0242. Now! 266 New Canaan Rd., Wilton, CT 06897. Kraus, Box 7850LM, Independence, MO 64054. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES

FLORIDA ARMY/NAVY SURPLUS offers great net. $30K down. Call (800) 881-5834. Other businesses available. WANT YOUR OWN SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS? 31- minute VHS video and 1 10-page workbook unveil the 6 Somerville, NJ KEYS TO YOUR BUSINESS SUCCESS. $64.95 (CA Raymond E. Hackett (1992) Post 70, Nutley, NJ residents $69.90) to: Garage Productions, P.O. Box LIFE MEMBERSHIPS Adolph Dromsky, Leon E. Peters (1991) Post 146, 260 — Dept. V, San Ramon, CA 94583. Riverside, NJ Life Membership notices are published for Legion- Clifford F. Currie, William F. Lord (1992) Post 205, EDUCATION & INSTRUCTION naires who have been awarded Life Memberships by their Kenmore, NY posts. LEARN PERSONAL COMPUTERS. Home study. Free Marshall W.Webb (1991) Post 196, Medical Lake, WA literature. (800) 362-7070 Dept. KH142. Life membership notices must be submitted on official Ted DeMlcchi (1992) Post 552, Somers, Wl forms which may be obtained by sending a self-addressed, LEARN GUNSMITHING. Home study. Free career Mary Ellen Piotrowski (1 991 ) Post 94, Sun City West, AZ literature. 362-7070 Dept. GH142. stamped envelope to: Life Memberships, The American (800) George D. Oldridge (1988), Dennis P. Bennett (1992) Legion Magazine, P.O. Box 1 055, Indianapolis, IN 46206 PARALEGAL GRADED CURRICULUM. Approved home Post 30, Pomona, CA study. Affordable. Comprehensive. 100 years experi- Gordon Beaver, Walter C. Boken, Thomas Dougherty, Ray C. Zlegenmeyer (1974), Marion Gibson (1978), ence. Free catalog (800) 826-9228. Blackstone School Robert Nelll Jr. (1991) Post 21 , Santa Rosa, CA Kenneth R. Dutemple, Donald M. Hudnutt, Floyd L. of Law, P.O. Box 871 449, Department AL, Dallas, TX Steve Barker (1992) Post 221 Tehachapi, Innis, George E. Nail, W. Rhodes, Wayne 75287. , CA Raymond Edw W. Mc Card, Leo W. Meier (1992) Post 273, Simerman, Charles Zlegenmeyer (1991) Post 53, EMBLEMS Bellevue, IA Grinnell, IA Nelson J. Robinson (1992) Post 480, Steeleville, IL Donald P. Walker (1991) Post 332, Rockton, IL CUSTOM EMBROIDERED EMBLEMS. Your design. Herbert Woodard (1988), LeRoy Pollert (1992) Post Kenneth Young (1989), Floyd L. Ashe, Gary B. Free catalog. STADRI, 57AL, Leroy, NYC 10014, (212) 89, Seymour, IN Morrison Jr. (1991) Post 94, Greenville, ME 929-2293, Fax (21 2) 627-1 341 Richard D. Lee, William T Neal, Clarence C. Walker Otis G. Pemberton (1991) Post 177, Eureka, MO Sr., Larry D. Wegner, Dewaln P. Wendlandt Donald Rullo (1991) Post 84, Columbus, NE FINANCIAL (1991) Post 62, Salina, KS John Rissmlller, Anthony Romaglla, David Sadewltz, OVERDUE BILLS? BAD CREDIT'S NO PROBLEM! Charles Mulligan (1960), James E. Davis (1962), Eugene Sagasz, Christopher G. Sotiro, Richard Applications to $50,000. Licensed/Bonded. Not loan Harry B. Crltser (1967), Harry E. Richardson Jr. Stocklnger, Elizabeth A. Sullivan, Frank W. Sylves- company. TCAC, Dept. AL, P.O. Box 26397, Birmingham, (1973), Tom Culver (1985), Alvln R. Beck (1987), ter, John L. Van Kirk Jr., John H. Vargo, Frank AL 35226 or call 1 -800-869-0607. Aaron F. Davis, Cameron L. King (1990) Post 40, Vittorio, Ruth A. Wlsnosky (1 991 ) Post 8, Clifton, NJ Henderson, KY Arthur P. Morsch (1989), Arthur D. Chapman, Donald HEALTH & HEALTH CARE PRODUCTS Clifford J. Akey Jr., John J. Baranowski, Frederick Cuddeback, William C. Rowan, Leo F. Schledorn, ARTHRITIS CRYSTALLINE GOLD. Discovered by Behaylo, Arthur T. Bergeron, Francis J. Bergeron, Norman L. Sutfin, Howard L. Thompson, Harry B. pharmacist. Endorsed, Recommended by Drs. Wanted Louis J. Bush, Edward J. Dahowski, William H. Young (1990), Franz J. Blum, Glenn L. Bovee, Full/part-time dealers. FREE information call (800 525- Farrell, Max Garber, Carlton R. Hill, Charles E. Arthur W. Partridge, Alfred E.Wilson (1991) Post 5387. _____ Holmquist, Sidney M. Kramer (1991) Post 81 87, Dansville, NY IMMERSION FOOT, Athletes foot, Painless home Greenfield, MA John Crozier (1 991 ) Post 488, Monroe, NY remedy. LSASE $3. P. Robertson, Timberlane 10244 Robert Nachbar (1988), Lennart D. Olson (1989) Post Ronald G. Proctor (1981), George I. Tripp Jr. (1982) Way, Santee.CA 92071. 49, Pequot Lakes, MN Post 905, Springwater, NY Almo Klvlpelto (1981), George Krtinlch (1991) Post Russell Cecchlne (1 989), John Geste (1 991 ) Post 744, INVENTIONS 535, Babbitt, MN Marianna, PA Jerome N. Roach Douglas F. Fuller, VanRavensteln INVENTORS! Your first step is important. For FREE (1955), Daniel L. Chance(1966) Post Arnold W. (1991) advice, call ADVANCED PATENT SERVICES, 408, Chesterfield, MO Post 70, Oshkosh.WI Washington, DC, (800) 458-0352. Gene Fitzgerald, Al VanRavenswaay (1991) Post 12, Olen D. Harris (1 991 ) Post 41 3, Crivitz, Wl

JULY 1992 57 .

Legion shopper

MOWS WEEDS AND BRUSH FACTORY-DIRECT DISCOUNTS! ADJUSTABLE BEDS IMPOTENCE Improve Your Property- |L 'Doctor Recommended 9 • Low as $25 a month mows wherever you can walk IS 'Electric Control TREATABLE

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POBox 16287, Baltimore MD212I0 Excellent Target Training Rifle & Loose Dentures? For FREE catalog and prices CALL TOLL FREE 60 day money back guarantee I PERMA SOFT II ^WMRT: » Orders shipped within 24 hours. Credit Card & phone • The Professional Denture Relme 'tffifflrtW I 800-622-8806 " orders call 1 -800-726-1 696 M-F 9-5 Compasseco, P.O. to ^"^ Material. Last up 2 years. Stops 427-AL, 801 Taylorsville, Bloomfield, KY 40008. Add $7 I Gum Shrinkage. ALL with just ONE Application! I shp. each. KY, OH, & IN res. add sales tax. ' For Free Informitlon WrHe: PERMA LABORATORIES \ BUY FROM A LIFE I TABLE PADS I P.O. Box 134 L • Millersburg, Ohio 44654 I ASK ABOUT FREE LEAF SPECIAL 4 WHEEL BIKE U.S. MEDALS & RIBBONS (FULL SIZE AND MINIATURE) SAVE™ 70% DRIVES LIKE A CAR! 32 PAGE PICTURE CATALOG • Easy to Pedal SENT 1ST CLASS MAIL J! 00 Factory Priced From HES, WINGS BADGES. • Comfortable • Stable i NIA. IDENTIFICATION BOOKS. ETC ^f^F^P' CATALOG $29.95 • 5 Speed • Cargo Carrier It 44 PAGE SENT 1ST CLASS MAIL $2 00 Compare at 99 95 w • 1. 2 & 4 Seat Models #W BOTH CATALOGS S2 50 Quality Pad • Any Normal Size 24 Hr. Info. 1 |615| 822-2737 Ext. 3381 OUINCV SALES 1 (800) 428-4567 PO BOX 700113-AL-7 FACTORY DIRECT TABLE PAD COMPANY

58 THE AMERICAN LEGION "

Legion shopper

Control Water Weeds PIP!©!! Low strength Amazing Underwater Harvesting Tool aspirin best* the WATER WEEDER Harvester Cut aquatic vegetation from a boat, from to prevent a dock or simply by wading in from shore. 'Worksjust like a hedge- heart attacks trimmer underwater. Call or write today fot

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Make $25to $ 100 per hour wth «Bad£e ISfinit FLAG AND MEDALS CASE

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I of AMERICAN LEGION

ce A Treasured Keepsake G.I. TAGS * DOG WWII KOREA* VIETNAM *SWA We imprint with • All U.S., UN, RVN, Full Size Medals you request up to six lines of • All Miniature Medals and Ribbons

• Rank and Skill Badges * Patches 16 spaces. Print clearly

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AWARD CASES FREE CATALOG! 1-800-345-8927 D-E Sailors, Widows & Children ALSO MEDALS AND RIBBONS JERROLD HAMLIN OAK ETC. Own the signed and numbered commemorative Solid hardwood, gunstock walnut finish. Full 1 print, "Destroyer-Escorts Made the Difference," by between glass and black, blue, red or white CABLE TV DESCRAMBLERS John Charles Roach and have your name in the velvety mounting board. 5"x7" -$18.95, 8"x10" -$24.95, 1 1 "x14 " -$29.95, • Special Dealer Prices! • Compare Our Low Retail Prices! perpetual Log of the new Destroyer-Escort 14"x20" - $39.95, 20"x24" -$59.95. Add • Orders From Stock Shipped Immediately! Museum. For free information call or write: • Guaranteed Warranties & Prices! • All Major Credit Cards $5.00 shipping per case. (No P.O. Boxes) 1-800-788-4478, U.S. Historical Society, First R. ANDREW FULLER COMPANY PACIFIC CABLE CO., INC. and Main Streets, Dept. DEI. Richmond, Virginia 7325V2 Reseda, Dept. 1617 Reseda, CA 91335 Box2071-L, Pawtucket, Rl 02861 23219. For catalog, orders & information 1-800-345-8927 VISA/MC Accepted (Write for FREE Catalog)

JULY 1992 59 High Caliber The fabled showman P.T. Barnum was distressed to learn that the star of one of his favorite acts, the Human Cannonball, was quitting the circus.

"I can't take it anymore," the man said. "It's too rough on my knees." Barnum begged him to reconsider. "You're irreplaceable," he said. "Where are we going to find someone of your caliber."

Unusual Manners Principal: "Are there any unusual kids in your class?" Teacher: "Yes, there are three of them with good manners."

Last Flight Out At airports nowadays, when they announce "final departure," you don't know whether they're referring to your "Remember when I used to hatefishing? flight or the airline.

Huh? What? Speak Up "After listening to some of my son's Pentagon Squared Runny Funny music collection, I figured out what CD is is you run out of The Pentagon a sitting duck when Normalcy when stands for," said one father. "Causes it comes to budget cuts. Face it, it's easy money. Deafness." to cut corners on a five-sided building. Insolvency is when you run out of excuses. Parting Shot Bankruptcy is when you're run out of Track Meet town. When the hospital gives you one of Jogging is a good way to meet new those skimpy gowns, you know the end people — orthopedists, podiatrists, car- is in sight. diologists and ambulance drivers. Shake And Bank "I don't know if I have any money left in my bank," one man said to

Bull Chip another. "I haven't shaken it lately." This year, Beaver, Okla., hosted the World Cow Chip Throwing Champion- ship. The tournament had a special Aunt Misbehaving division for politicians and lawyers, Did you hear about the kid who put who are considered professionals at ice cubes in his aunt's bed? He wanted slinging such material. to make antifreeze.

Sales Farce Just Kidding Salesman: "I made a lot of good Friend to mother of loud kids: "If you

friends for the company today." had it to do all over again, would you

Second salesman: "Me too. I didn't still have children?" sell anything, either." "Sure," the mother replied, "but not the same ones!"

Daffynition Tax lawyer: Someone who's good Yes Men Out with numbers but lacks the personality Business has hit a new low. Last to be an accountant. week, one CEO laid off five yes men.

60 THE AMERICAN LEGION REMEMBER WITH PRIDE!

OUR LIMITEI m Trigger-Action Safety Blade • Razor Sharp for only Stainless Steel 23K Gold Layered' 14 Fighter Jet ted Edition

:v-: : ife Individually ered

jney-back su ranee j i weeks (or i *As per FTC Reg. 1 6 CFR § 23.

Remember Desert Storm with pride! Our F-14 YES! Rush my F-14 KNIFE for only $10. Knife™ is the perfect knife for every need • Camping SAVE! 2 for $1 7 3 for $25 ow«o • Boating • Fishing • Hiking • Barbecues • Hobbies and • Home. Powerful "trigger" action blade locks Pouch, only $2 each with knife. rigidly in place—cannot close accidentally. How many? Over Vi foot long when open, each knife has a razor- Add only $2.75 shipping & handling no matter how many you order. sharp, stainless steel blade, riveted handle, and a NY, CA add sales tax. Total enclosed $ powerful release action that folds blade to pocket size Make check out to RBM Ltd. Or charge my VISA MASTERCARD when you press the trigger. Each knife is a Limited (Enter all 13 or 16 card numbers below.) Edition—individually serial numbered with its own Card* Certificate ofAssurance. The F-14 Fighter Jet Insig- nia is layered* in 23K gold. Use it with pride! Exp. Date (Mo) (Yr) SORRY—We reserve the right to limit 3 per address Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms at this amazing price. Hurry! Address

City/State/Zip (H6744M1) Special Matching Pouch—keeps knife neat and safe ready to be used at a — MAIL RBM Ltd., F-14 Knife, Dept. 570-227, moment's notice! (see coupon) Bonus TO: Box 256, Jericho, NY 11753 pairs COMFORT JOE of WAIST 2 slacks

3 pairs 44.75 SLACKS 4 pairs 59.50 29 5 pairs 74.25 HABAND COMPANY £5 v th sT. r ,t „ NJ 07530 Waists: 30 32 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 *Big Men's: Add $2 per pair for 46 48 50 52 54 Inseams: S(27-28) M(29-30) L(31-32) XL(33-34)

COMFORT JOE SLACKS MATCHING SHIRTS $14 What Wha How What 'p How 7BL-0CX Waist? I ManyP 7BL-1AE Size? B Khaki D Khaki c Royal C Royal H Chambray G Chambray J Jade K Jade p Plum H Plum/Grey

ISend me pairs. I enclose $ purchase price jplus $3.95 toward postage and handling.

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