Explorations the Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities for the State of North Carolina

Volume VI, 2011 Explorations The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities for the State of North Carolina www.uncw.edu/csurf/explorations.html [email protected] Center for the Support of Undergraduate Research and Fellowships UNCW Honors College Randall Library University of North Carolina Wilmington Wilmington, NC 28403 copyright © 2011 University of North Carolina Wilmington Cover photographs: “Smoky Mountain Sunset” © Frank Kehren “Sunset Poplar” © BlueRidgeKitties “Outer Banks” © Patrick McKay ISBN: 978-0-9845922-7-2 Original Design by The Publishing Laboratory Department of Creative Writing 601 South College Road Wilmington, North Carolina 28403 www.uncw.edu/writers Dedication George Timothy Barthalmus (October 27, 1942- May 12, 2011) We lost our good friend George last spring. He was the inspiration behind Explorations and the State of North Carolina Undergraduate Research and Creativity Symposium, SNCURCS. George was known for his outreach to and support of student researchers- indeed, we feel he was the champion for undergraduate research in our state. We miss his infectious smile and bright, engaging eyes, his energy and excitement. Our hearts go out to his family, and we are glad for the time we shared with him. Volume VI of Explorations is dedicated to the memory of George Barthalmus. Photo courtesy of http://www.ncsu.edu/faculty-and-staff/bulletin/2011/05/students-colleagues- remember-barthalmus/ Staff Editor-in-Chief Katherine E. Bruce, PhD Director, Honors College and Center for the Support of Undergraduate Research and Fellowships Professor of Psychology University of North Carolina Wilmington Managing Editor Tiffany Strickland Department of English University of North Carolina Wilmington Consultants Emily Smith Director, The Publishing Laboratory University of North Carolina Wilmington William Atwill, PhD Associate Director, Honors College Associate Professor of English University of North Carolina Wilmington Web Production Assistants Jennifer Nguyen Department of Chemistry CSURF Graduate Assistant University of North Carolina Wilmington Kirk Mochrie Department of Psychology CSURF Graduate Assistant University of North Carolina Wilmington Layout Staff Christine Stark Department of Creative Writing Department of English University of North Carolina Wilmington 2011 Board of Reviewers Adetayo Adedeji, PhD Nita Eskew, PhD Assistant Professor of Physics Assistant Professor of Chemistry Elizabeth City State University Salem College William Atwill, PhD Elizabeth Fournier, PhD Associate Director, Honors College Assistant Professor of Political Science Associate Professor of English St. Augustine’s College University of North Carolina Wilmington Michael Funk Deckard, PhD Steven Benko, PhD Assistant Professor of Philosophy Assistant Professor of Religious and Ethical Studies Lenoir-Rhyne University Meredith College Jeffery Geller, PhD Jennifer Brubaker, PhD Professor of Philosophy Assistant Professor, Communication Studies University of North Carolina Pembroke University of North Carolina Wilmington Sujoy Ghosh, PhD Helen Caldwell, PhD Senior Research Investigator, Biotechnology Associate Professor of Social Work North Carolina Central University Johnson C. Smith University Thomas Hennessey, PhD Maurice Crawford, PhD Associate Professor, Government & History Assistant Professor of Biology Fayetteville State University Elizabeth City State University Russell Herman, PhD Paul Custer, PhD Professor, Physics & Physical Oceanography Associate Professor of History Professor, Mathematics & Statistics Lenoir-Rhyne University University of North Carolina Wilmington Karen Daniels, PhD Blake Hobby, PhD Assistant Professor of Psychology Director, Honors Program University of North Carolina Wilmington Assistant Professor in Literature and Language University of North Carolina Asheville James Denniston, PhD Professor of Psychology Jennifer Horan, PhD Appalachian State University Assistant Professor of Political Science University of North Carolina Wilmington John Dogbe, PhD Assistant Professor of Chemistry Brian Jones, PhD Barton College Assistant Professor of History Johnson C. Smith University Kim Epting, PhD Assistant Professor of Psychology Elon University Eric Jones, PhD Vibeke Olson, PhD Research Scientist, Anthropology Associate Professor of Art University of North Carolina Greensboro University of North Carolina Wilmington Joe Jones, PhD Jeanne Persuit, PhD Professor, Chair of Religion and Philosophy Assistant Professor of Communication Studies Barton College University of North Carolina Wilmington Anthony Kennedy, PhD Jesse Peters, PhD Assistant Professor of Chemistry Professor of English East Carolina University University of North Carolina Pembroke Melanie Lee-Brown, PhD Brian Railsback, PhD Associate Professor, Chair of Biology Dean, Honors College Guilford College Professor of English Western Carolina University Pat Lerch, PhD Professor of Anthropology Sharon Raynor, PhD University of North Carolina Wilmington Assistant Professor of English Johnson C. Smith University Muhammad Lodhi, PhD Associate Professor of Biology Sue Richardson, PhD Fayetteville State University Senior Lecturer of Film Studies University of North Carolina Wilmington Priscilla Manarino-Leggett, PhD Professor of Elementary Education Kim Rocha, PhD Fayetteville State University Assistant Professor of Business Barton College Jaime Martinez, PhD Assistant Professor of History Sophia Sarafova, PhD University of North Carolina Pembroke Assistant Professor of Biology Davidson College Mark McCallum, PhD Professor, Chair of Biology Tom Schmid, PhD Pfeiffer University Professor of Philosophy University of North Carolina Wilmington Louis McIntyre, PhD Instructor of Biology Tsvetanka Sendova, PhD Robeson Community College Assistant Professor of Mathematics Bennett College Hyunju Oh, PhD Assistant Professor of Mathematics Tesfaye Serbessa, PhD Bennett College Assistant Professor of Chemistry Elizabeth City State University Vinson Sutlive, PhD Molly Weise, PhD Professor of Exercise Science Assistant Professor of Sociology Pfeiffer University North Carolina Wesleyan College Tatiana Tagirova, PhD Jarrett T. Whelan, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of English Assistant Professor of Biology Elizabeth City State University East Carolina University Julie Taylor, PhD Betty Witcher, PhD Assistant Professor of Nursing Associate Professor of Psychology University of North Carolina Wilmington Peace College Linda Tomlinson, PhD Sara Wrenn, PhD Assistant Professor of History Assistant Professor of Psychology Fayetteville State University Bennett College Paul Townend, PhD Taek You, PhD Associate Professor of History Assistant Professor of Biology University of North Carolina Wilmington Campbell University Julianne Treme, PhD Mark Zrull, PhD Assistant Professor of Economics Professor of Psychology University of North Carolina Wilmington Appalachian State University Barbara Waxman, PhD With special thanks and appreciation to the faculty mentors and volunteer Professor of English blind reviewers. University of North Carolina Wilmington Table of Contents xi Letter from the Editor Biological, Earth, and Physical Sciences 3 Ultrasound: Autism, Agriculture, and a Future Tool for Treating Neurological Diseases David Blake with Rebecca Panter 22 Lactate Dehydrogenase and Na+/K+ ATPase Activity in Leiostomus xan- thurus (Spot) in Response to Hypoxia Betsy Brinson with David Huffman, Matthew M. Shaver, Rebecca U. Cooper and Lisa M. Clough 30 Correlation Between Fluoride Ion Levels in Harnett County Drinking Water and Students' Dental Health Bethany Starnes Humanities and Fine Arts 41 First Hand Accounts of December 7, 1941 in Pearl Harbor William Brown 51 Some Things Never Change: Attitudes about the Foreign in Y tu mamá también and Rudo y Cursi Sheila Casalett 64 The Ghosts of Aktibistas Past: A New Generation of Filipino Women’s Rights Activists Faces a Daunt- ing Legacy of Inspiration, Expectations, Stigmas & Divisions Camila Domonoske 73 Discoveries in Encaustic: A Look through History Kristen Gallagher 86 Was Heidegger a Mystic? Jeff Guilford 95 Sam Phillips, Elvis, & Rock N’ Roll: A Cultural Revolution Trey Mayberry 105 U.S. Media Objectivity and Arab Issues: A Content Analysis of Cover- age of the Proposed “Ground Zero Mosque” Hannah Simpson Mathematics 123 A Search for New Optimal Singly-Even Self-Dual Codes of Length 48 Kristy Mitchell Social Sciences 135 Transitive Inference in Rats Using Odor Stimuli: Manual Versus Auto- mated Training Procedures Mary Beth Pacewicz 151 Children’s Support Networks After the 1999 Landslides in Teziutlán, Mexico Olivia Pettigrew 168 Working Class African American Women and Heart Disease: How Communication and Community Impact Prevention Knowledge and Behaviors Ranata Reeder 179 About the Student Authors 182 About the Faculty Mentors 186 Submission Process Letter from the Editor he response for volume VI of others to support it. In 2005, the State of T Explorations was overwhelming. We North Carolina Undergraduate Research had three times as many submissions this and Creativity Symposium was first held, year as the previous two years, and the and educators from all colleges, universi- fourteen papers published in this issue are ties, community colleges, and high schools excellent. They represent a variety of fields were invited to participate. Now in its 7th of inquiry- from historical analyses to labo- year, SNCURCS offers a venue for under- ratory experiments, from global perspec- graduates to present their research and cre- tives

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