STONE TOWER BOOKS NEWPORT, RI Te Lampion Glossary of Pearl Harbor Copyright © 2016 Daniel A. Martinez and Timothy J. Demy All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the authors. Te only exception is by a reviewer, who may quote short excerpts in a review. Stone Tower Books Lampion Press, LLC P.O. Box 932 Silverton, OR 97381 Cover illustration: Te USS Arizona (BB-39) burning after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Government photograph NARA 195617 Te views represented in this book are solely those of the authors and do not refect those of the U.S. National Park Service, the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Naval War College, or any U.S. Government agency or department. ISBN: 978-1-942614-23-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016958346 Formatting and cover design by Amy Cole, JPL Design Solutions Maps by Gina Palmer Special thanks to Dr. Stanley M. Carpenter and Dr. Jefrey M. Shaw. Printed in the United States of America To Douglas V. Smith, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus, U.S. Naval War College Friend, Mentor, Naval Aviator, Historian V ! CONTENTS ! Introduction ........................................................................1 A to Z Entries .....................................................................3 Appendices ......................................................................173 It’s All in a Name: Allied Identifcation of Japanese Planes ....................173 Aircraft Recognition Chart .......................................175 Japanese Air Attacks .................................................176 Pearl Harbor Anchorage at Time of the Attack ........177 Recommended Reading ..................................................179 About the Authors ..........................................................181 VII ! INTRODUCTION ! he following pages are intended to provide a quick-ref- erence guide to more than 300 ships, planes, people, andT units involved in the Japanese attack of Oahu and Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Due to limitations in the scope of the volume, not every unit involved on that historic day is represented. However, it is hoped that this book will be a use- ful reference guide to some of the major aspects of the attack. 1 LAMPION ! GLOSSARY ! A to Z ENTRIES 3 USS Arizona burning with her superstructure leaning over the shatered forward hull afer being torn open by the explosion of the forward magazine. (U.S. Navy History and Heritage Command photo) 4 LAMPI ON ! GLOSSARY ! A “a date which will live in infamy” Te phrase “a date which will live in infamy” is the amost fa- mous phrase from the seven-minute “Infamy Speech,” a speech delivered by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to a Joint Session of Congress on December 8, 1941. Te speech described the Japanese attack on U.S. forces at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. It was broadcast live by radio and attracted the largest audience in U.S. radio history with more than 81% of American house- holds listening to it. Te famous phrase is often misquoted as “a day” rather than “a date,” however, Roosevelt intentional- ly chose the word “date” wanting to emphasize December 7, 1941 rather the day of the attack which was a Sunday. Abukuma Te Japanese Nagara-class light cruiser Abukuma was named after the Abukuma River and commissioned in May 1925. It served as the fagship of Rear Admiral Omori’s Destroyer Squadron 1 consisting of Shiranui, Arare, Kagerō, Kasumi, Tanikaze, Hamakze, Isokaze, and Urakze. It was sunk in October 1944 during the Battle of Suriago Strait. 5 6 ! THE LAMPION GLOSSARY OF PEARL HARBOR ! Aichi D3A/3A1 Type 99 Te Aichi D3A/3A1 Type 99 aircraft (abbreviated “kanbaku”), was code named by Allied intelligence as “Val.” It was the pri- mary dive bomber of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) and sank more Allied warship tonnage than any other Axis aircraft in the war. It was a carrier-borne, single engine-dive bomber with 1 250-kg (551-lb) bomb under the fuselage and 1 60- kg (132-lb) bomb under each wing. Speed of 242 mph (389 kph), range of 915 miles (1473 km), service ceiling of 30,500 ft (9,300 m) and a crew of two (pilot and gunner). Te priority of their ship targets during the attack was U.S. aircraft carri- ers if they were in port and cruisers. Fifty-one participated in the First Wave and 78 in the Second Wave Some sources say there were 54 and 81 but discrepancy may come from the fact that 1 from Kaga was unable to take of and 2 were forced to return with engine trouble. First wave targets included air- craft at Wheeler Field, Hickam Field, and the seaplane base at Ford Island. Second Wave targets were ships including Pennsylvania and Nevada. A total of 15 were lost. Aichi E131A Type 0 Te Aichi E131A Type 0 aircraft was code named by Allied intelligence as “Jake,” was a long-range reconnaissance foat- plane. It served as a weather and scout plane during the attack. Aiea Bay See Pearl Harbor. ! THE LAMPION GLOSSARY OF PEARL HARBOR ! 7 “Air raid Pearl Harbor. Tis is no drill.” Tis was a phrase used in a naval message ordered sent at 0758 to “all ships present at Hawaiin [sic] area” by Lieutenant Commander Logan C. Ramsay, USN the Operations Ofcer of Patrol Wing Two after watching a low-fying Japanese plane drop a bomb on Ford Island. In his testimony before a Joint Committee of Congress investigating the attack he stat- ed that after seeing a bomb detonate: “I dashed across the hall into the radio room, ordered a broadcast in plain English on all frequencies, ‘Air Raid, Pearl Harbor. Tis is no drill.’ Te detonation of the bomb dropped by that frst plane was my frst positive knowledge of an enemy attack.” Aircraf carriers (Japanese) Tere were 6 carriers that participated in the attack (Akagi, Kaga, Hiryū, Shōkaku, Sōryū, Zuikaku). Aircraf carriers (United States) On the day of the attack, the U.S. had 7 carriers (Enterprise, Hornet, Lexington, Ranger, Saratoga, Wasp, and Yorktown) and 1 aircraft escort vessel (Long Island) in commission. Tree of these (Enterprise, Lexington, and Saratoga) were assigned to the Pacifc Fleet but none of them were in port at the time of the attack. Akagi Te Japanese aircraft carrier Akagi (“Red Castle”) was initially laid down as an Amagi-class battlecruiser but was converted 8 ! THE LAMPION GLOSSARY OF PEARL HARBOR ! to an aircraft carrier while under construction to comply with terms of the Washington Naval Treaty (1922). It was named after Mount Akagi and commissioned in 1927 with a reft from 1935-1938. Akagi had a length of 857 ft. It was 1 of 6 Japanese carriers that participated in the attack (Akagi, Kaga, Hiryū, Shōkaku, Sōryū, Zuikaku). It carried 21 Mitsubishi A6M “Zero,” 18 Aichi D3A “Val,” and 27 Nakajima B5N “Kate” air- craft and launched them from 230 nautical miles from Pearl Harbor. One of its First Wave Zeros was shot down. Akagi was commanded by Captain Kiichi Hasegawa and was Vice Admiral Nagumo’s fagship for the striking force attacking Pearl Harbor. Akagi was damaged by U.S. aircraft during the Battle of Midway, scuttled, and sunk on June 5, 1942. Akebono Te Akebono was the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) destroyer that sailed with the Pearl Harbor Strike Force but was as- signed to bombard Midway Island. It was sunk by aircraft from Task Force 38 in Manila Bay on November 13, 1944. Akigumo Akigumo (“Autumn Clouds”), was a Japanese Kagerō-class de- stroyer commissioned in September 1941. It served as part of the Scouting Group of Rear Admiral Omori that accompa- nied Vice Admiral Nagumo’s Strike Force. Later in the war it was torpedoed and sunk in April 1944 by the submarine USS Redfn 30 miles southeast of Zamboana. ! THE LAMPION GLOSSARY OF PEARL HARBOR ! 9 Allen (DD-66) Te destroyer USS Allen was moored in the East Loch to Chew, Solace nearby to port, berth X-5, undamaged by the attack. Te Sampson-class destroyer was originally commissioned in 1917 and served on escort duty and U-boat patrols during the First World War. In 1928 it returned to the Reserve Fleet and was berthed in Philadelphia, remaining there until being re-com- missioned in 1940 and eventually joining the Pacifc Fleet as a unit of Destroyer Division 80 and moving with the feet from the west coast of the U.S. to Pearl Harbor. After the at- tack Allen served on patrol and escort duty near the Hawaiian Islands and made routine round-trips to the west coast of the U.S. throughout the war. Antares (AKS-3) Te stores issue ship USS Antares, operating at the harbor entrance was undamaged and docked at Honolulu at 1146. Te frst of its class, Antares was commissioned in February 1922. Originally classifed as a “miscellaneous auxillary” ship, Antares was reclassifed in 1940 as a “general stores issue” ship. On the morning of the attack Antares was returning from a trip to Canton Island (halfway between Hawaii and Fiji) with a barge in tow and expecting to transfer it to a tug before proceeding into Pearl Harbor. Antares sighted a suspicious object 1500 yards from its starboard quarter and it reported it the destroyer Ward that was patrolling nearby. Ward sank the target, a Japanese Ko-hyoteki-class two-man midget subma- rine in what were the frst American shots of the war. Antares 10 ! THE LAMPION GLOSSARY OF PEARL HARBOR ! reported being strafed by enemy planes at 0800. Te ship zigzagged in restricted waters beyond the entrance to Pearl Harbor until granted permission at 1054 to enter Honolulu harbor and berth at 5-A. Arare Te Japanese Asashio-class destroyer Atare (“Hailstone”) was commissioned in April 1939.