1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 11803 Brooks, later Governor of Massachusetts, Porter-Phelps-Huntington Foundation, the we shall have set an example that the rest Colonel Ebenezer Francis, mortally wounded Shaker Community in Pittsfield, and the of the country will gladly and rightly follow. at Whitehall, New York, and his brother Women's City Club of Boston. . But it is up to us here, at the very center John Francis, who served continuously for 6 A citizen's interest and knowledge of the of these veritable reservoirs of our past, to years in the Continental Army. history of his locality and his support of create and emphasize this sense of history. Daniel Townsend of Lynnfield was killed its hlstorl,cal society is part of his strength The current Civil War Centennial celebra during the retreat of the British from the in these times of crisis and peril for the tions accomplish such a purpose, and do Concord fight. His body was found to have cause of freedom. A major weapon in the something more besides. Such celebrations seven bullet wounds. His remains were incredible and nerve-wracking cold war in are not without their proper economic side, taken to Lynnfield and according to an ac which we find ourselves is the preservation if this aspect of the matter is intelligently count written in 1875 '.'lay the next night in of the visual and inspiring evidences of our motivated and wisely handled. the Bancroft house, where the bloodstains country's career as it is revealed in the en It is my understanding, based on infor remained for many years afterward." nobling architecture and places of its his mation furnished to me by the report of One of the Revolutionary heroes of Saugus tory. chambers of commerce, that some 9 billions was Captain David Parker who mustered his We must not let the ruthless hand of of dollars will be spent by tourists viewing company at an early hour on the day of the material progress reduce to rubble and ob historic scenes of the American Civil War Concord fight, and marched it quickly to the livion our great national landmarks, wher during the centennial celebrations. Here scene where his men fought gallantly. ever they may be. are primarily educational enterprises, sat Although Chelsea was remote from th,e The aspiration of the preservationists is to urated with historical significance, that pro conflict, and the route to it circuitous, some perform a national service for the American vide as byproducts highly desirable and of her citizens rendered important service. people and for freedom everywhere at a mo beneficial economic gains for the localities Wnen provisions were sent to the relief of ment in history which is critically dangerous. which support them. the British at Concord the convoy was inter Their desire ls to help make the American But, to be interesting and significant, his cepted at Arlington by a group of patriots people, themselves, conscious of their im toric places need not be associated with the led by the Reverend Mr. Payson of Chelsea. mense . contribution to the Western World Civil War, or with the battles of any war, The Chelsea company at Concord that day in the theory and practice of free political for that matter. Every year thousands and was commanded by Captain Samuel Sprague. and legal institutions. thousands of people visit Washington Ir You have perhaps heard it said that his The preservationists' purpose ls to thwart ving's mansion, Theodore Roosevelt's home tory is to a nation what memory ls to an the propaganda that defaces the picture of in Oyster Bay, Long Island, Franklin Roose individual. But this is more than a figure of o.ur country before the world. The goal is velt's home at Hyde Park. These houses speech; it contains a truth. We cannot af to present visual, living, documented proof, tell us something about great men. They ford to.lose by neglect what ls irreplaceable. some of it brick and stone, in hills and add to our judgment and taste. They are We should all know our local, county, State, squares, in parks and commons, in heights authentic American history. and National historical societies in their ef and halls, in churches and statehouses, in There is so much to be seen in Boston and fort to save what is worth saving and which homes and military sites, in all of these, in the areas around it. The scene of the must be saved immediately, or lost forever. proof that for the American people the cause Boston Massacre, Faneuil Hall, North Square There are many, many historical societies, of freedom was always the inner soul of their and the old North Church, Dorchester and other similarly interested groups in being. Heights, Bunker Hill, the Capitol Building it Massachusetts. The directory of the Na Not only would our own countrymen see self, the old corner bookstore, the Thomas ·tlonal Trust of Historic Preservation lists and learn and understand from the truths Crease house, Shirley place and the Shirley the following member organizations in expressed in stone, mortar, and locale, but Eustis house, the Old South Meetinghouse, Massachusetts (and, of course, there are visitors by the millions from abroad would the Lexington and Concord Battle Road, the others which are not associated with the come to know the elementary facts and ideals Minuteman National Historical Park in the National Trust): the Balch House Associates of our tradition. towns of Lexington, Lincoln, and Concord, of the Beverly Historical Society, the Beacon Millions of Americans plan tours abroad to all of these constitute an historical treas Hill Architectural Commission, the Beacon look at old cities and beautiful monuments. ure trove. Perhaps none of them surpasses Hill Civic Association, the. Castle Hill Foun Yet the very things that Americans seek for in fidelity to historical detail the Saugus dation, the Chesterwood Studio Museum, abroad they destroy at home. Old buildings Ironworks restoration. the Colonial Society of Massachusetts, Your are broken up in the United States as fast I think that we may justifiably hope that Own First Iron Works Association, the Gore · as used packing crates. each year an increasing number of our peo Place Society, the Historic Districts Com The preservation of the American heritage ple will become aware of what needs to be mission of the Town of Nantucket, the is thus and in fact a prodigious educational done in the field of local history and historic Ipswich Historical Society, the Milton Histor endeavor. We are not collecting museum preservation. ical Society, the Nantucket Historical Asso pieces. We are not providing entertainment As you know, and as I know, and as anyone ciation, the Old Dartmbuth Historical So and picnic grounds. We are preserving may see by this restoration of tl).e Saugus ·Clety, the Old- South Association in Boston, American history. Ironworks, when Americans become con Old Sturbridge Village, the Peabody Mu If we in this area hold our unique and vinced that something should be done, it seum of Salem, the Pilgriµi Society, the irreplµ,ceable relics in the proper respect, will be done, and it is done, and it is well Plimoth Society, the Plimoth Plantation, the a13:d save them forever free from demolition, done.
THE JOURNAL H.R. 3537. An act to increase the jurisdic HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES · tion of the municipal court for the District The Journal of the proceedings of of Columbia in civil actions, to change the THURSDAY, J UNE 27, 1963 yesterday was read and approved. names of the court, and. for other purposes; and The House met at 12 o'clock noon. H.J. Res. 467. Joint resolution amending The . Reverend Martin Canavan, pas MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE section 221 of the National Housing Act to tor, First · Baptist Church, Long Beach, A message from the Senate by Mr. Mc extend for 2 years the broadened eligibility Calif., offered the following prayer: · Gown, one of its clerks, announced that presently provided for mortgage insurance the Senate had passed without amend thereunder. Heavenly Father, with gratitude for ment bills and a joint resolution of the the privilege of prayer we again approach The message also announced that the Thy throne. · In the hurried lives· we live House of the following titles: Senate had passed, with amendments in we pause to seek Thy guidance for the H.R. 1492. An· act to provide for· the sale of which the concurrence of the House is re deliberations which are ahead. Give us . certain reserved mineral interests of the quested, ills of the House of the follow United States in certain real property owned ing_titles _:• the wisdom to seek Thy will, and 'the by Jack D. Wishart and ,Juanita H. Wish willingness· to be Jed by Thy spirit. art; H.R. 4330. An act to amend the District Bless, we pray, the leaders of this great H.R. 1819. An- act to amend the Federal of Columbia Business Corporation .Act; and Nation ·and- may dependence on Thee Employees Health Benefits Act of 1959 to pro H .R. 5081. An act to authorize the Com ever be present in the thoughts of each vide additional choice of- health benefits missioners of the District of Columbia to sell one. We humbly thank Thee for the plans, and for other purposes; a right-of-way across a portion of the. Dis H.R. 1937. An act to amend the act known trict Training School grounds at Laurel, M1., _heritage of the past, and seek Thy bless as the "Life Insurance ·· Act" of the District and for other purposes. ings for the future. This we ask, not of Columbia, approved June 19, 1934, and the because we are worthy, but because we act known as the "Fire and Casualty Act'-' of The message also .anno~riced that the come in th~ name of our Redeemer. the District of Columbia, approved October .Senate had ,passed, with amendments Amen. 3, 1940; in which the concurrence of the House li804 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- . HOUSE June '1 27 is requested, a bill of the House of the lutions duly passed by the ·two-Houses · However, ·no action has been taken on following title: and found duly enrolled. · · the Bolte legislation and, as a result, this H.R. 6868. An act making appropriations The SPEAKER. Is there ·objection blll is necessary in order to give Air Force for the legislative branch for the fiscal yeaz to the request of the gentleman from officers a reasonable opportunity for pro ending June 30, 1964; and for other purposes. Oklahoma? motion to the grade of -.lieutenant colo The mes~age further announced that There was no objection. nel. I might say that even with this the Senate insists upon its amendments legislation, the percentage of Air Force officers serVing in the grade of lieutenant to the foregoing bill, requests a confer ADJOURNMENT OF THE HOUSE ence with the House on the disagreeing colonel compared to their total officer FROM TUESDAY, JULY 2, TO FRI strength will be less than the percentage votes of the two Houses thereon, and ap DAY, JULY 5, AND FROM FRIDAY, points Mr. MONRONEY, Mr. HUMPHRLY, in the comparable grades in the Navy Mr. MANSFIELD, Mr. BARTLETT, Mr. HAY JULY 5, TO MONDAY, JULY 8 and Army. DEN, Mr. SALTONSTALL, Mr. YOUNG of Mr. ALBERT. Mr Speaker, I ask The Committee on Armed Services North Dakota, and Mr. KUCHEL to be the unanimous consent that when the House unanimously supports this proposal and conferees on the part of the Senate. adjourns on Tuesday, July 2, it adjourn I urge its passage. The message also announced that the to meet on Friday, July 5,. and from The bill was ordered to be engrossed Senate had passed bills of the following Friday, July 5, to Monday, July 8. and read a third time, was read the third titles, in which the concurrence of the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to time and passed, and a motion to recon House is requested: the request of the gentleman from Okla sider was laid on the table. S. 485. An act to amend the act entitled homa? "An act to provide for the annual inspection There was no objection. LAW AND ORDER of all motor vehicles in the District of Co lumbia", approved February 18, 1938, as Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan amended; COMMITTEE ON RULES imous consent to address the House for S. 489. An act to amend the act of March Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, by direction 1 minute and to revise and extend my 5, 1938, establishing a small claims and con remarks. ciliation branch in the Municipal Court for of the Committee on Rules, I ask unani the District of Columbia; mous consent that the Committee on The SPEAKER. Is there objection S. 490. An act to amend the act of July 2, Rules may have until midnight tonight to the request of the gentleman from 1940, as amended, relating to the recording to file certain privileged reports. South Carolina? of liens on motor vehicles, and trailers regis The SPEAKER. Is there objection to There was no objection. tered in the District of Columbia, so as to the request of the gentleman from Cali Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, the greatest eliminate the requirement that an alpha fornia? threat to freedom of assembly, freedom betical file on such liens be maintained; of speech, and all of our basic funda s. 743. An act to furnish to the Padre There was no objection. Junipero Serra 250th Anniversary Associa mental freedoms in the United States tion medals in commemoration of the 250th today is illegal assembly, lllegal demon anniversary of h is birth; IMPROVING ACTIVE DUTY PROMO strations, mob violence, and disrespect S. 995. An act to amend the Street Re TION OPPORTUNITY FOR CER for law and order. Our Constitution adjustment Act of the District of Columbia TAIN AIR FORCE OFFICERS and our very existence as a Nation is in so as to authorize the Commissioners of the jeopardy. Our English civilization is at District of Columbia to close all or pa.rt of a Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. Mr. street, road, highway, or alley in accordance Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for stake. Under our American system of with the requirements of an approved re the immediate consideration of the bill government, the Constitution has pro development or urban renewal plan, without (H.R. 6681) to improve the active duty vided a means whereby wrong can be regard to the notice provisions of such act, promotion opportunity of Air Force offi righted, grievances can be aired, and and for other purposes; and cers from the grade of major to the justice sought in an orderly legal fash S. 1163. An_act to amend certain provi grade of lieutenant colonel. ion. The Constitution provides for law sions of the Area Redevelopment Act. making in a climate of caution and cool The Clerk read the title of the bill. deliberation. The message also announced that the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Senate agrees to the report of the com Every thinking American citizen to the request of the gentleman from South day is alarmed and shocked at the grow mittee of conference on the disagreeing Carolina? votes of the two Houses on the amend ing tendency to force the passage of There being no objection, the Clerk legislation-local, State, and National ments of the Senate to the bill (H.R. read the bill, as follows: 6791) entitled. "An act to continue for 2 by demonstrations, mob violence, and years the existing reduction of the ex Be it enacted by the Senate and House of disrespect to peace officers. Even court emption from duty enjoyed by returning Representatives of the United States of orders and court decisions are being in America in Congress assembled, That the fluenced by illegal demonstrations and residents, and for other purposes." Act of September 1, 1961, Public Law 87-194 The message also announced that the (76 Stat. 424), is amended by striking out surging mobs. No one is free to as Vice President has appointed Mr. JOHN the figure "1963" and inserting the figure semble or to speak in public when STON and Mr. CARLSON members of the "1964" in place thereof. threatened by chanting mobs. Our dedi Joint Select Committee on the part of the cated, patriotic peace officers cannot Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. Mr. preserve law and order and protect the Senate, as provided for in the act of Speaker, there is some degree of urgency August 5, 1939, entitled "An act to pro right to assemble and freedom of speech in connection with H.R. 6681, a bill to under a barrage of brick bats and liquor vide for the disposition of certain records extend for 1 year the temporary au of the U.S. Government," for the dis bottles, particularly when the mobs feel thority for the Air Force to have 4,000 that they are encouraged by the Fed position of executive papers in the Re additional lieutenant colonels serve on port of the Archivist of the United eral Government. Our law enforcement active duty. agencies at the local and State levels States numbered 63-14. Beginning July 1, 1963; the Air Force, have acted with great restraint, good • • unless this bill is enacted, will have to judgment, and devotion to duty. They . CLERK AUTHORIZED TO RECEIVE eliminate all promotions to the grade of have kept cool in the face of insult, ob lieutenant colonel and will have to start scenity, violence, and harassment un MESSAGES AND SPEAKER AU making plans to demote or release from THORIZED TO SIGN ENROLLED paralleled in our history and almost-un active duty some 1,800 lieutenant col believable. Local policemen, chiefs of BILLS onels. police, magistrates, local courts, sheriffs, Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask We granted this temporary authority sheriffs' deputies, State patrolmen, and unanimous consent that notwithstanding in the 87th Congress and had hoped· by State police throughout this. Nation the adjournment of the House until now that the so-called Bolte legislation, should be commended and honored for Monday next, the Clerk may be author:. whjch deals with grade distribution ·and the magnificent way in which they have ized to receive messages from the Sen promotion opportunities, .would have handled inob violence in the face of the ate and the Speaker may be authorized been considered and passed by both most adverse a,pd trying circumstances. to sign any enrolled bills apd "joint re~o- Houses. · They urgently need the backing and co- 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 11805 operation of the Federal Government. Also on Monday we have scheduled all sweepstakes and gambling winnings; Let me warn this House that disrespect H.R. 7139, authorizing appropriations for impose a tax on all admissions to race for the uniform of a local policeman to the Atomic · Energy Commission. This tracks where betting is legal and proper; day can lead tomorrow to disrespect and will be taken up under an open rule with recognize gamblers by insisting that insurrection against the men in uniform 2 hours of general debate. they buy a $50 tax stamp and pay 10· per of our Armed Forces. On Tuesday we will call the Private cent on their gross receipts? Mr. Speaker, local and State law-en Calendar. Mr. Speaker, the time has come for us f orcement men in every State of this Also on Tuesday, a resolution provid to be sensible and realistic about this Union are patriotic. They are dedicated. ing that H.R. 3872-Export-Import Bank issue. The time has come for us to re They often serve long hours and are Act Extension-shall be taken from the move the blinders and recognize the called upon for extra duty. Their job is Speaker's table and sent to conference. obvious-that the urge to gamble is a hazardous one, and they are under Also on Tuesday, H.R. 3179, judges, normal, and a part of human nature. paid. The Federal Government must U.S. Court of Military Appeals. This The time has come for us to follow the support these men for they are the front will be taken up under an open rule with example of New Hampshire which rec line against agitation, mob violence, fas 1 hour of general debate. ognized this universal, instinctive trait cism, subversion, and communism. Wednesday, H.R. 134, safety standards and decided to control and regulate it Mr. Speaker, I call upon the Attorney for automobile seat belts. This will be for the government's benefits and the General, the President, and the leaders taken up under an open rule with 1 hour people's welfare. of the Congress to have confidence in of general debate. Mr. Speaker, a national lottery in the and support these local peace officers Thursday and the balance of the week, United States would not only stop the who are on the firing line in the battle 1964 appropriations for the District of flow of gold to foreign lotteries but to preserve freedom through law and Columbia. would pump into our own treasury over order. Of course, this is made with the usual $10 billion a year in additional much Mr. Speaker, I would remind the At reservations that conference reports may needed revenue. Let us rub the luck of torney General that demonstrations in be brought up at any time and any fur the Irish on our American taxpayers. South Korea got out of hand and over ther program will be announced later. threw the National Government. Street Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, may I demonstrations and mob violence over add one observation with respect to the EXEMPTION FROM DUTY FOR threw the Government of Turkey. We program for Tuesday. As I understand RETURNING RESIDENTS are all familiar with the mobs of Paris. it, a rule was granted today to send the This is a sinister mob demonstration Export-Import Bank Act extension to Mr. MILLS. Mr. Speaker, I call up technique being adopted by the enemies conference. I think it might be well for the conference report on the bill
designed to apply to high-tonnage C&l'.bon the Honorable GEORGB H. FALLON, ,and ADDITIONAL .ASSISTANT SECRE steel Applied to the modern higher unanimously reported, moves forward TARY OF THE TREASURY valued stainless steel sheets, it has led from September 1, 1957, to January 1, Mr. MILLS. · Mr. Speaker, I ask unan to major tariff avoidance. 1963, the date before -which certain lmous consent for the immediate· con As the committee report shows on page mutual deposit guarantee funds must be sideration of the bill. (S.1359) to provide 2, U.S. impor,ts of polished steel. in 19.58 organized in order to qualify for income for an additional Assistant Secretary in were 42,952 pounds, and worth $11,020. tax exemption. the Treasury Department, which was Last year this figure had increased to Under p.resent law section 501 (c) (14) unanimously reported by the Committee 16,561,669 pounds, worth $6,555,205. of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, an on Ways and Means. Latest figures available through the De exemption from income tax is provided The Clerk read the title of the bill. partment of Commerce show that by May for nonprofit, mutual organizations hav The SPEAKER. Is there objection to of this year imports had jumped to near ing no capital stock which are operated the request of the gentleman from Ar ly 10 million pounds and worth almost for the purpose of providing reserve kansas? $4 million. Congress recognized this funds for, and insurance of, shares or Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, reserving rate loophole and last year the Tariff deposits in domestic building and loan the right to object, do I understand that Classification Act was designed to elimi associations, cooperative banks, or ·mu this does not increase the pay of this nate it. However, the revised schedules tual savings banks. Initially this treat individual who is to be made an As provided by the bill passed last year are ment was available only to organiza sistant Secretary of the Treasury? still in the negotiation stage and it may tions which had been organized before Mr. MILLS. 'The gentleman is emi be quite some time before they become September 1, 1951. Subsequently-Pub nently correct. The Committee on Ways effective. The rate of imports has con lic Law 86-428---this provision was ex and Means did not report the bill until tinued to skyrocket, reaching a total for tended to those organized before Sep we were given that assurance, and if the the first quarter of this year approximat tember 1, 1957. gentleman will yield further, we did not ing the total of all imports during 1962, These guarantee organizations provide report the bill until we were given the and quicker corrective action has become two services for their member banks. further assurance that this bill and this imperative. First, they provide a deposit insurance change would not involve one additional On February 11 I joined the author of fund to aid their members in financial cent of Federal expenditure in any way. the bill before the House in introducing difficulty and in final extremities to pay identical legislation to secure prompt Mr. GROSS. I thank the gentleman. off the depositors in full if a member Mr. Speaker,, I withdraw my reservation corrective action. I am very happy that bank is liquidated. Second, -they also the Committee on Ways and Means has of objection. maintain a liquidity fund-which may Mr. SPEAKER. Is there objection to given this problem the prompt attention or may not be a fund separate from the and consideration justified by the cir the request of the gentleman from Ar deposit insurance fund-to make loans kansas? cumstances. When we consider that the to member banks which are basically imports for the first quarter of 1963 rep There was no objection. sound but short of liquid assets. The The Clerk read the bill, as follows: resent a volume increase of practically deposit insurance fund is built by 100 percent there can be no valid reason premium charges and the liquidity fund Be it enacted by the Senate and House of for continuing this anomaly which is deposits made with the guarantee or Representatives of the United States of permitting substantial injury to Ameri America in Congress assembled, That ,section ganization. In addition, investment in 234 of the Revised Statutes, as amended (5 can industry. In my district alone, come is earned by the organization on U.S.C. 246), 1s amended ·by striking out which is a very seriously depressed area, both types of funds, although there is ''three Assistant Secretaries o! the Treasury" the passage of this bill will help save a little accumulation in the ,case of the and inserting in lieu thereof "four Assistant number of jobs, and I urge the immediate liquidity fund since interest generally Secretaries of the Treasury". adoption of this bill. is paid on these deposits of member Mr. MILLS. Mr. Speaker, the pur banks. pose of s. 1359 is to authorize an addi INCOME TAX EXEMPI'ION FOR CER As indicated by the above explana tional Assistant Secretary in the Treas TAIN ADDITIONAL NONPROFIT tion, these guarantee organizations, al ury Department. Under existing law, CORPORATIONS AND ASSOCIA though operating somewhat differently, provision is made for three Presi TIONS _provide essentially the same services for dentially appointed Assistant Secretaries their members as the Federal Deposit In in the Department of the Treasury. ·The Mr. MILI..S. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan surance Corporation JFDIC) and the Treasury Department is one of the largest imous consent for the immediate consid Fede:-al Savings and Loan Insurance Departments of t-he Federal Govern eration of the bill (H.R. 3297) to amend Corporation (FSLIC) , Federal corpora ment. The Committee on Ways and section 501 (c) (14) of the Internal Rev tions which are exempt from income tax Means was advised that the limitation enue Code of 1954 to exempt from in on their investment earnings. Since to three Assistant Secretaries has be come taxation certain nonprofit corpora they provide essentially the same services come a distinct administrative handicap tions and associations organized to for their members, these organizations in the Treasury Department, since all of provide reserve funds for domestic build also have been exempted from income the present three Assistant Secretaries ing and loan associations, and for other tax. - have full assignments which had made it purposes, which was unanimously re The attention of the Committee on necessary for the Secretary of the Treas ported by the Committee on Ways and Ways and Means has been called to the ury to place certain o·ther Presidential Means. fact that a new guarantee organization, appointees who function within the De The Clerk read the title of the bi11. established to provide the same type of partment under the general supervision The SPEAKER. Is there objection to services as the exempt organizations re of an Assistant to the Secretary, which the request of the gentlem·an from f erred to above, has been organized since position is not filled by a Presidential Arkansas? September 1, 1957. The committee is of appointee. Thus, the Director of the There was no objection. the opinion that the exemption should Mint who is a Presidential appointee, The Clerk read the bill, as follows: be.extended to include this new organiza and the Chief of -the U.S. Sec.ret Serv Be it enacted by the Senate and House of tion, and the pending bill accordingly ice presently report to and are under Representatives of the United States -of extends to January 1, 1963, the date be the general supervision of an Assistant America in Congress assembled, That .section before which such guarantee organiza to the Secretary. ·This official, although 501(c) (14) of the Internal Revenue Code of tions must be organized in order -to 1954 ls amended by striking out "September a member of the classified ·civil service, 1, 1957" and inserting in lieu thereof "Janu qualify for exemption. must nevertheless be authorized to per ary 1, 1963". The Committee on Ways and Means form any functions relating to these bu SEC. 2. The amendment made ·by the .first is unanimous in recommending enact reaus which the Secretary of the Treas section of this Act shall apply only with re ment of this legislation. ury himself is authorized to perform. spect to taxable years ending after the date The bill was ordered to be engrossed Under the arrangement contemplated in of the enactment of this Act. and read a thlrd time, was read the third the bill, these offlc_ials · would report ~o Mr. MILLS. Mr. Speaker, this bill, time and passed, and a motion to recon the new Assistant· Secretary. Mor~ve.r, which was introduced by our colleague, sider was laid on the table. the committee was advised that it bas 11810 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. l:IOUSE June 27 become necessary to assign to this offi The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to cial, because the three Assistant Secre the request of the gentleman from Ar the request of the gentleman from taries currently have more than their kansas? Arkansas? full share of assignments, certain re There was no objection. There was no objection. sponsibilities of the 'l'reasury Depart The Clerk read the bill, as follows: The Clerk read the bill, as follows: ment concerned with the development Be it enacted by the Senate and, House of Be it enacted by the Senate and House of of the Government's broad fiscal policy. Representatives of the United States of Representatives of the United States of The Committee on Ways and Means America in Congress assembled, That (a) America in Congress assembled, That (a) the is convinced that authorization of one the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized Secretary of the Treasury ls authorized and additional Assistant Secretary in the and directed to admit free of duty one directed to admit free of duty the mass spec orthicon image assembly imported for the trometer (and its accompanying spa.re parts Treasury Department would result in use of the Medical College of Georgia, Au assortment) imported for the use of Stan more efficient and expeditious admin gusta, Georgia. ford University, Stanford, California, which istration within the Department. In a (b) If the liquidation of the entry of the was entered during October 1962, pursuant letter to the committee, the full text of article described in subsection (a) has be to Consumption Entry 1232. which is incorporated in the committee come final, such entry shall be rellquidated (b) If the liquidation of the entry of the report on this bill, the Secretary of the and the appropriate refund of duty shall be articles described in subsection (a) has be made. come final, such entry shall be reliquidated Treasury advised that the official con and the appropriate refund of duty shall be cerned must be able to speak and act for Mr. MILLS. Mr. Speaker, this bill, made. · him with authority and that: which was introduced by our colleague, In his dealings with officials of other the Honorable ROBERT G. STEPHENS, JR., With the following committee amend agencies, he must be able to make policy would direct the Secretary of the Treas ment: decisions on my behalf. • • • Appointment ury to admit, free of duty, an orthicon On page 1, line 5, strike out "assortment" of the individual under civil service pro and insert in lieu thereof "assortment)". cedures does not lend itself to the type of image assembly for the use of the Medi performance required of the individual. In cal College of Georgia, Augusta, Ga. The committee amendment was agreed short, I consider a fourth Assistant Secretary This assembly has been delivered and to. essential to the efficient conduct of the busi installed at the Medical College Hemo . Mr. MILLS. Mr. Speaker, the purpose ness of the Treasury Department. dynamic Center, and the bill provides of H.R. 2221 is to authorize and direct for reliquidation of the entry and appro The Committee on Ways and Means the Secretary of the Treasury to admit was further advised by the Secretary of priate refund of duty in the event liq free of duty the mass spectrometer the Treasury that enactment of this uidation of the entry has become :flnal. and its accompanying spare parts assort legislation will result in no additional Image orthicons are photo emissive ment-imported for the use of Stanford camera tubes which are used in high University, Stanford, Calif., in October personnel in the Treasury Department quality television cameras. The assem of 1962. Provision is made for reliquida and will not result in any additional costs bly is used in medical diagnosis, research, tion of the entry and appropriate refund to the Government, for the following or education to enlarge and display of duty in the event liquidation has be reasons: First, the Secretary has advised X-ray views of portions of the human come final. that it is his intention to transfer the anatomy. The president of the Medical The instrument for which free entry responsibilities mentioned to the official College of Georgia has advised that, at would be provided by this bill is now named to the newly created post. Sec the time of importation of this equip being used in the Stauffer laboratory of ond, since the salary now set by statute ment, no instrument meeting the specifi the chemistry department of Stanford is the same for the Assistant to the Sec cations required was manufactured in University for research in inorganic retary as it will be for the Assistant chemistry. The Committee on Ways and Secretary which would be created, there the United States. will be no additional cost to the Gov The Committee on Ways and Means is Means was advised that this research is of the opinion that this legislation is currently being sponsored by various ernment. meritorious and consistent with prior governmental agencies, including the The Committee on Ways and Means is congressional enactments, and is unani Atomic Energy Commission, the Naval unanimous in recommending enactment mous in recommending its enactment. Research Laboratory, and th~ National of this legislation. Mr. BAKER. Mr: Speaker, the bill Science Foundation. The committee Mr. BAKER. Mr. Speaker, this bill (H.R. 3272) provides for the free entry was further informed that, at the time (S. 1359) which authorizes an additional of an orthicon image assembly for use by Stanford University determined its re Secretary in the Treasury Department the Medical College of Georgia. quirements and specifications for a ·mass will not involve any increase in compen spectrometer, no domestic instrument of sation or personnel. On the contrary, The orthicon image assembly provides for a projection of an X-ray image for equivalent scientific value or adequate it is designed solely to permit a division performance characteristics was avail of the authority of the Secretary of the medical diagnoses, research, and educa able from domestic sources. Treasury on a functional basis, with all tion. In these circumstances, the Committee four Assistants having the title of Assist At the time the instrument was pur on Ways and Means is convinced that ant Secretary. chased, no comparable instrument was this legislation is meritorious and con The bill was unanimously reported by manufactured in the United States. Ac sistent with prior congressional enact the Ways and Means Committee, and I cordingly, there is no objection to the ments, and unanimously recommends its urge favorable consideration by the passage of this bill, and I urge its favor- enactment. House. able consideration. . Mr. BAKER. Mr. Speaker, this bill The bill was ordered to be read a third The bill was ordered to be engrossed (H.R. 2221) provides for the free entry time, was read the third time and passed, and read a third time, was read the third of a mass spectrometer for use by Stan and a motion to reconsider was laid on time, and passed, and a motion to recon ford University, Stanford, Calif. A sim the table. sider was laid on the table. ilar bill was pending during the 87th Congress but failed of passage because DUTY-FREE ENTRY OF ORTHICON DUTY-FREE ENI'RY OF MASS SPEC of the adjournment. The spectrometer TROMETER FOR STANFORD UNI was actually imported in October 1962 IMAGE ASSEMBLY FOR MEDICAL and is being used by the chemistry de COLLEGE OF GEORGIA VERSITY partment at Stanford University. Mr. MILLS. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. MILLS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan The committee is advised that, at the unanimous consent for the immediate imous consent for the immediate consid time the mass spectrometer was ordered consideration of the bill (H.R. 3272) to eration of the bill
Congressional districts, 118th Cong;, flih;ose Congressional districts, 88t1t Dis- Varla- State Dis- Varia- Party of State Dis- Varia- Party of State State trict tionfrom i:rNit, party State trict tionfrom sitting party State trict tionfrom sitting party i No. .average member totala No. average member totals No. average member totals. Illino.ill.. ______14 R Texas ______1 -43. 5 D 2 R 17 D 19 ~ri::: I R 3 -32.5 D Michigan ______16 +84.8 D lndiana______24 +16.0 D 4 -50.3 D 18 +58.8 R l -21.1 D 51UD 5 +ns.5 R Mississippi. _____ 2 +39.7 D 2D 1 2 -15. 7 R 6 -43.0 D 4 -32.3 D i ti -21.3 R 7 -39.0 D New Jersey ______1 +44.8 R 4R5D 7 -22.3 R 8 +30.5 D 2 -21.8 R 9 , -'31.1 R 10 -18.8 D 4 +21.4 D Kansas ______11 +64.6 · R 11 -25.9 D 6 +24.7 R 1 +23.9 R lR 12 +23.7 D 7 +37.4 R Kentucky ______1 -19.2 D 2R2D 13 -24.9 D 10 -24.8 D 2 -17.6 D 14 +23.8 D 11 -23.7 D 3 +40.8 R 15 +18. 4 D 13 -36.5 D Jj -15.9 R 16 +BL7 R 14 -36.9 D Louisiana_____ --"" 2 +22.1 D 4D 17 -33.9 D North Carolina __ 1 -32.9 D lD 5 -15.3 D 18 -16.5 D Ohio______3 +12.1 R 7R2D 6 +31.7 D 20 +57.8 D . 5 -29.4 R 8 -35.2 D 21 -39. 7 D 8 -31.1 R Maryland ______1 -.37.2 R 2B4D ·Utah ______22 +55.0 D 10 -35.0 R 2 +60.5 D 1 -28.6 R 2R 11 +21.3 R D 3 --33.2 Virginia ______2 +28.6 · R 12 +61.8 R 4 -26.9 D I 2 +24.6 D 1R3D 14 +37.2 R 5 +83.4 D 5 -17.8 D 15 -44.0 D 6 +57.0 R 7 -21.1 D 18 -22.1 D Michigan ______1 -34.8 D 7R6D 10 +36.0 R Oklahoma ______1 +34.4 R 1R3D 4 -15. .6 R Washington _____ 3 -16.0 D lRlD 3 -41.3 D 6 +43.5 R 7 +25.2 R 4 -35.0 D West Virginia ____ i 7 +52.9 D 5 -18. .6 D lD 5 +42.5 D .9 -28.0 R Wisconsin ______2 +34.2 D 3R4D Oregon ______2 -40.0 D lD 10 -28. 9 R 3 -24.3 R Pennsylvania____ 6 +31.8 D 3R2D 11 -44.6 R 4 +30.4 D 7 +31.9 R 12 -59. 2 R 5 +31.8 D 8 +27.9 R 13 -38. 3 D 7 -19.1 R 13 +23.2 R 15 -22.5 n 9 -22.3 D 15 -27.7 D 16 +84.8 D 10 -40.1 R South Carolina __ 2 +33.o D 2D 17 +18.0 D National total ___ ------65 R 107 D 5 -31.4 D 18 +58.8 R South Dakota____ 1 +l6.3 R 2R Mississippi______1 -16.2 D 3D 2 -46.3 R 2 +39.7 D PT. III. BY 20 PERCENT OR MORE Tennessee ______2 +25.4 R 1R3D 4 -32.3 D 7 , -41.3 D MissourL______2 +11.3 R lR Arizona ______8 -43.6 D Montana ______1 +52.9 R lRlD D 1 -18.7 D lRlD Texas______9 +58.2 2 +18.7 R Arkansas ______3 -54.3 D 1 -43. 5 D 2 R 14D New Jersey ______1 +44.8 R 4R5D 3 -25.5 D 2D 3 -32.5 D 4 +28.8 D 2 -21.8 R California ______4 -50.3 D 4 +21.4 D 1 +29.1 R 2R6D 5 +118.5 R 6 +24.7 R 3 +21.6 D 6 -43.0 D 7 +37.4 R 4 -24.9 D 7 -39.0 D 10 -24.8 D 5 -27.0 D 8 +30.5 D 11 -23.7 D 16 +20.1 D 11 -25.'9 D 13 -36.5 D 18 +23. 4 D 12 D 14 -36.9 D 28 +42.4 R 13 ~::i · n New York. ______33 +21.8 D D 12 +15.1 D lD Colorado ______14 +23.8 North carolina __ 1 -32.9 D 1R3D 2 +49.1 R lRlD 16 +31.7 R 2 -15.5 D 4 -55.4 D 17 -33.9 D 6 +17.6 D Connecticut _____ 1 +36.0 D 1R2D 20 +57.8 D I 8 +18.7 R 4 +28.9 R 21 -39.7 D Ohio ______2 +15.7 R 11 R 2D 5 -37.1 . D 22 +55.o D .3 +72.1 R Florida ______3 +23.0 D 4D Utah ______1 -28.6 R 2R 4 -15.4 R 6 +60.3 D 2 +28.6 R 1i -29.4 R 8 -41.5 D Virginia______2 +24.6 D 1R2D 8 -31.1 R 9 -42.5 D 7 -21.1 D 10 -35.0 R Georgia __ -- _- --- - 2 -23.6 D 4D 10 +36.0 R 11 +21.3 R 5 +108. 9 D Washington _____ 7 +25.2 R lR 12 +61.8 R 8 -26.1 D Wisconsin ______2 +34.2 D 2R4D 14 +37. 2 R 9 -31.0 D 3 -24.3 R 15 -44.0 D Idaho ______1 -22.9 D 2D 4 +30.4 D 16 +16.7 R 2 +22.0 D :5 +3!.8 D 18 -22.1 D Illinois ______4 +23.0 R 3R1D 9 -22.3 D 22 -15.2 R 6 -33.6 n 10 -40.1 R Oklahoma ______1 +34.4 R 1R3D 10 +31.6 R National totals __ ------,------48R77D 3 -41.3 D 14 +20.2 R Indiana ______1 -21.1 D 4RID 4 -35.0 D NoTE.-At-large seats not included. 5 +42.5 · D 6 -21.3 R Oregon ______Sources: 1 +11.1 R 1R2D 7 -22.3 R Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, pt. 2 of 2 -40.0 D 9 -31.4 R No. 39, S.ept. 28, 1962. "Congressional Redistrict 3 +18.2 D Kansas ______11 +64.6 R Pennsylvania. __ - 1 +23.9 R lR ing." 6 +31.8 D 5R4D Kentucky ______U.S. Bureau of the Census, "Population of Con 7 +31.9 R 3 +40.8 R IR Louisiana ______2 D 3D gressional Districts for 88th Cong., Apr. 1, 1960." 8 +27.9 R +22.7 PC(Sl)-26. Aug. 6, 1962. 9 +16.6 R i 6 +:u.1 D D U.S. Congress. House. "Unofficial Alphabetical 11 -17.2 D 8 -35.2 List of the House of Representatives of the United 13 +23.2 'R ' Maryland ______1 -37.2 R 2R4D 15 -27.7 D I 2 +60.5 D States, 88tb Cong." 16 -15. 7 R 3 -33.2 D 21 -15.9 D 4 -26.9 D PERCENTAGE OF REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL South Carolina __ 2 +33.9 D 3D 5 +83.4 D VOTE TO TOTAL VOTE AND PERCENTAGE OF 3 -19.7 D Michigan ______6 +57.0 R REPUBLICAN SEATS TO TOTAL SEATS IN 1.962 .5 -31.4 D 1 -34.8 D 6R5D South Dakota.._-· 1 +46.3 R 2R 6 +43.5 R ELECTION, BASED UPON UNOFFICIAL RETURNS 2 -46._3 R 7 +52.9 D 1. ARIZONA Tennessee ______1 +16.2 R 2RU) 9 -28. .0 R 2 +2o.1 R 10 -28.9 R Republican, 170,916; 51.7 percent. 6 -18:2 D 11 -44.6 R Democrat, 163.30'1. 7 -41.3 D 12 -.59.2 R Republican, 1; 33.3 percent. 8 -43.6 B 13 --as.-a ' D 9 +.58.·2 .D 15 -22.5 D Democrat, 2. ' 11818 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD .- HOUS~ June 27 2. CALIFORNIA Republican, 21, 51.2 percent. [From Brookings Research Report No. 12) Republican, 2,401,053; 47.4 percent. Democrat, 20. THE VALUE OF A VOTE IN CONGRESSIONAL Democrat, 2,665,151. 1 7. NORTH CAROLINA ELECTIONS Republican, 13; 34.2 percent. Republican, 255,649, 46.5 percent (of con (In March 1962, the Supreme Court Democrat, 25i tested sea.ts). handed down a. landmark decision in the 3. COLORADO Democrat, 307,311 (does not include votes case of Baker v. Carr, ruling for the first Republican, 313,201; 52.7 percent. of three uncontested sea.ts). time that the courts have a. responsibility Democrat, 283,097. Republican, 2, 22.2 percent (33.3 percent of to see that State legislative districts are Republican, 2; 50 percent. contested seats) . reasonably equal in population. This re Democrat, 2. Democrat, 9. search report--ba.sed on "Congressional Dis 18. OHIO tricting: The Issue of Equal Representation," ~. CONNECTICUT Republican, 1,673,765, 55.7 percent. a new Brookings book by Prof. Andrew Republican, 472,538; 46 percent. Democrat, 1,327,346. Hacker, of Cornell University-explores some Democrat, 556,017. Republican, 17, 73.9 percent. implications of this decision and weighs the Republican, 1; 20 percent. Democrat, 6. possibilities of reducing inequities in con Democrat, 4. gressional districting in the 1960's. The 5. FLORIDA 19. OKLAHOMA :findings and conclusions are those of the Republican, 345,211; 40.1 percent (of con Republican, 242,793, 48.4 percent (of con author and do not purport to represent the tested seats). tested seats). views of the Brookings Institution, its trus Democrat, 514,487 ( does not include votes Democrat, 259,869 (does not include votes tees, officers, or other staff members.) of two uncontested seats). of two uncontested seam). When Ainericans vote for Members of the Republican, 2; 16.7 percent (20 percent of Republican, 1, 16.7 percent (25 percent U.S. House of Representatives they are equal contested seats). of contested seats). citizens in the eyes of the law-at lea.st in Democrat, 10. Democrat, 5. theory. In fact, however, the votes they cast 6. IDAHO 20. OREGON vary greatly in value; some are worth several Republican, 119,905; 47.7 percent. Republican, 286,938, 45.8 percent. times as much as others. Democrat, 134,763. Democrat, 339,247. The population of a congressional district- Republican, none. Republican, 1, 25 percent. or, in other words, the number of neighbors Democrat, 2. Democrat, 3. with whom a citizen must share his Repre 7. ILLINOIS 21. PENNSYLVANIA sentative in Congress-principally deter mines the weight of an individual's vote. A Republican, 1,688,897; 50.3 percent. Republican, 2,164,077; 50.9 percent. voter living in a lightly populated district Democrat, 1,670,544. Democrat, 2,090,728. has a weightier vote--and, therefore, is over Republican, 12; 50 percent. Republican, 14; 51.9 percent. represented-compared to a voter living in a Democrat, 12. Democrat, 13. heavily populated district who is under 8. INDIANA 22. SOUTH DAKOTA represented. In Michigan, for example, the Republican, 882,684; 52 percent. Republican, 143,582; 60 percent. 16th Congressional District has a population Democrat, 816,826. Democrat, 98,396. 4½ times that of the 12th District; yet Republican, 7; 63.6 percent. Republican, 2; 100 percent. each district has one Representative who has Democrat, 4. Democrat, none. one vote in Congress. Indeed, in 21 of the 42 9. KANSAS States that have more than one congressional 23. TENNESSEE Republican, 371,739; 60 percent. district, a vote in the smallest district is Democrat, 248,287. Republican, 215,725; 43.5 percent (of con worth at least twice as much as a vote in the Republican, 5; 100 percent. tested seats). largest district in the same State. Democrat, none. Democrat, 281,379 (does not include votes Especially significant is the fact that in of one uncontested seat and one seat un equities in representation have been increas 10. KENTUCKY reported, but does include votes of one con ing in recent years because of shifts in Republican, 190,914; 47.2 percent (of con servative Democrat who ran as an Inde population and the reluctance of States to tested seats). pendent). redistrict. Since World War II tens of mil Democrat, 211,463 (does not include votes Republican, 3; 33.3 percent (37.5 percent lions of Ainericans have left small towns and of four uncontested seats). of contested seats). rural areas, moving to new jobs in urban Republican, 1; 14.3 percent (33.3 percent Democrat, 6. centers. At the same time, there has been a of contested seats). 24. TEXAS corresponding exodus from the large cities Democrat, 6. Republican, 481,792; 38.6 percent. into the rapidly growil}g suburbs. State 11, MARYLANJ? Democrat, 768,016 (does not include vote legislatures have taken little notice of pat Republican, 315,999; 46.8 percent (of con of four uncontested seats). terns of movement within their borders. Republican, 2; 91.1 percent (11.8 percent Rural and small town lawmakers have con tested seats). of contested seats). tinued to maintain majorities in the legisla Democrat, 359,777 (does not include votes Democrat, 20. tures, and have shown little concern for the of 1 uncontested seat). needs of either the cities or the suburbs. Republican, 2; 28.6 percent (33.3 of con 25. UTAH tested seats). Republican, 166,999; 52.7 percent. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Democrat, 5. Democrat, 150,089. It is no easy task to identify an Ainerican Republican, 2; 100 percent. 12. MICHIGAN tradition on legislative representation. Democrat, none. There are precedents for unequal representa Republican, 1,346,872, 48.9 percent. tion dating back to the colonial assemblies, as Democrat, 1,406,234. 26. VIRGINIA Republican, 177,969; 49.7 percent (of con well as precedents for equality. The Con Republican, 11, 61.1 percent. stitution indicates only that each State will Democrat, 7. tested seats). Democrat, 180,244 ( does not include votes be allotted a certain number of Representa 13. MISSOURI of four uncontested seats). tives according to population; it does not Republican, 498,523, 43.6 percent. Republican, 2; 20 percent (33.3 percent of require that the State .be divided into dis Democrat, 643,386. contested seats). tricts, one for each Representative. The Republican, 2, 20 percent. Democrat, 8. relevant portion of section 2 of article I Democrat, 8. provides: "Representatives • • • shall be 27. WASHINGTON apportioned among the several States w~ich 14. MONTANA Republican, 510,449; 61.3 percent. may be included within this Union, accord Republican, 117,930, 49.9 percent. Democrat, 323,442. ing to their respective numbers." The inter Democrat, 118,891. Republican, 6; 85.7 percent. pretation of many proponents of equality Republican, 1, 50 percent. Democrat, 1. of representation is .that just as the States Democrat, 1. 28. WEST VIRGINIA are to be represented equally in the Senate 15. NEW JERSEY Republican, 268,369; 44 percent. so are individuals to be represented equally Republican, 960,202, 49.3 percent. Democrat, 340,789. in the House; they argue that there would be Democrat, 985,729. Republican, 1; 20 percent. little point in giving States Congressmen Republican, 8, 53.3 percent. Democrat, 4. on the basis of population if the States did Democrat, 7. not redistribute Members of their delega 29. WISCONSIN tions on the same basis. 16. NEW YORK Republican, 613,264; 50.4 percent. Opinions differ regarding the intent of the Republican, 2,646,195, 48.3 percent. Democrat, 604,203. framers of the Constitution, but there is a Democrat, 2,830,288 (includes Liberal Party Republican, 6; 60 percent. good deal of evidence that those who framed vote). Democrat, 4. and ratified the Constitution intended that 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 11819 the House of Representatives have as it.a 14th amendment. Citizens of ·Tennessee range-because lame. cities have been losing constituency a public in which the votes of who were underepresented in the State legis population. all citizens were of equal weight. lature could not have s'uch equal protection A majority of the suburban voters, on the In the half century following ratification because they did not have equal participa other hand, were underrepresented. Even -there was a marked· tendeny toward greater tion in the selection of the lawmakers. when redistricting takes place after a census, political equality. Property qualifications After the decision, suits were soon filed in the suburbs, with their rapidly growing pop for the vote disappeared, and during the other States. Within 6 months about half of ulations, often lose out because of rural 1830's many new State constitutions were the States were involved in litigation growing domination of State legislatures. adopted and made subject to amendment by out of Baker v. Carr. Existing State legisla Almost half of the rural districts were the voters. Elections of State officials, Mem tive apportionments were invalidated or sub overrepresented, partly because they have bers of the House of Representatives, and stantially so in 14 States. Federal courts been losing population, but chiefly because presidential electors were made by direct acted in five of these States: Alabama, State legislatures deliberately gave full vote. The democratic die was cast before Georgia, Tennessee, Florida, and Oklahoma. representation in Congress to combinations the Civil War; other discriminations were State courts acted in nine states: Vermont, of rural counties that fell below the popu removed through the 14th, 15th, 17th, and Rhode Island, Maryland, Michigan, Kansas, lation norm. 19th amendments. While practice has lag,ged North Dakota, Mississippi, Idaho, and Penn The midurban group of districts-which behind declared principles in many respects, sylvania. State constitutional provisions on is the largest single group and which includes the thrust of political development in the legislative representation were held invalid all districts that are not predominantly one United States clearly has been toward p'olit as contrary to the 14th amendment in at or the other types-had a slightly greater ical equality. least six States. More significant, the Court ·share of underrepresented seats and a smaller decisions were both effective and respected, share of overrepresented ones than either COURT DECISIONS IN THE COLEGROVE CASES and they encountered little opposition. the urban districts or Congress as a whole. Several court cases of recent years have The problem of rural overrepresentation, involved attempts to apply constitutional GERRYMANDERING: VARIATIONS IN POLITICAL CARTOGRAPHY then, is very great. Rural districts had 102 and political doctrines of equality to the Congressmen though their population would practical issues of legislative districting. In Existing inequalities are the result not have entitled them to only 86. On the other 1946 Kenneth Colegrove, a Northwestern only of population changes but also of gerry hand, the suburbs are the most seriously University political scientist, brought suit mandering-the manipulation of district underrepresented. Also strongly underrep against Governor Green, of Illinois, charging boundaries by the dominant party in the resented are urban Democrats in the South, that a voter in the Fifth District of Illinois, legislature to gain maximum voting advan where the rural interests retain virtually which contained only 112,116 people, had tage. There are several ways in which gerry complete control of State legislatures. The voting power worth eight times as much as mandering may be carried out: conflict in congressional districting, there his own vote in the Seventh District, which Excess votes: Party A, the party in control fore, is primarily between two American mi had a population of 914,053. The resulting of the legislature, may set up one or more norities-the 36 million who live in rural political handicap, he claimed, was a form districts in which candidates of party B, areas and the 29 million suburbanites. of arbitrary discrimination. The Supreme the opposition party, will be allowed to win. Court of the United States ruled against However, the votes going to party Bin these REDISTRICTING AND THE 1960 CENSUS Colegrove. Associate Justice Frankfurter, in districts will be far in excess of the margin In the reapportionment following the 1960 his opinion for the·foui-man majority, said required for victory; and party B's candi census, 9 States gained seats in the House that the judicial branch should not decide dates in other constituencies will be deprived of Representatives, 16 lost seats, while 25 questions so clearly political in character. of votes they might have otherwise put to kept the same total. The 25 had gained in He suggested either of two remedies: (1) In good use. As a result, the proportion of population between 1950 and 1960, but their voke the power of Congress to regulate by seats won by the gerrymandering party will rate of growth had only kept 'pace with the law the manner in which its own Members be greater than the proportion of votes cast national rate. will be elected, or (2) persuade the State for it. A State that loses seats as a result of re legislature to create constituencies of rela Wasted votes: Party A may create districts apportionment must redistrict ( or elect its tively equal size; in other wo;rds, use the where its own candidates win by comfortable Congressmen at large) simply because it has legislative rather than the judicial process. majorities. Thus, votes going to party B's too many districts for its number of Con The possibility of getting help from either candidates in these districts are wasted in gressmen. However, a State that gains or re of these sources appeared very slight, how that they are cast for candidates who ulti tains the same number of Representatives ever. No Congressman has ever been denied mately lose. can do any one of three things: It can refuse a seat because he was elected by an under Through gerrymandering, therefore, party to redistrict and elect any additional Con sized district, although many have obviously A will seek to maximize party B's excess and gressmen at large. It can redistrict par been so elected. As for the second alterna wasted votes and in so doing will increase tially, keeping some old seats and creating tive, Colegrove discovered greater discrep the proportion of its own effective votes. new ones out of the remaining territory. Or ancies in the population of Illinois legislative Such strategies can be carried out effectively it can draw up entirely new districts. districts than there were in congressional dis even if all congressional districts in a State Eighteen of the States that neither gained tricts in that State. One State senate dis are of equal size. However, party A can nor lost congressional seats in 1960 chose not trict, for example, was 16 times as large as add to its gerrymandering gains if, in addi to redistrict. In many cases this meant that another. There was little chance that a tion, it draws unequal-sized districts and population movements within the State were State legislature, itself chosen from unequal concentrates its voting support in small con not reflected in the distribution of seats, districts, would be willing to create equal stituencies and that of party Bin larger ones. and what is sometimes called a silent gerry sized congressional districts. Gerrymandering will doubtless persist, but mander was the result. Four States which In an effort to break this bottleneck Cole equalization of district populations can at gained one or more Congressmen elected the grove filed a second suit, this time against the least set certain ground rules that will limit added members on an at-large basis. In one Secretary of State of Illinois, asking the the impact of gerrymandering. or two cases, this was probably only a tem Federal courts to order the Illinois Legisla UNEQUAL DISTRICTS: CHARACTERISTICS AND porary expedient, and redistricting will take ture to redistrict itself more equitably. After CONSEQUENCES place before 1970. Of the States that gained an adverse judgment in a lower court, the or lost Congressmen, 11 changed the dis Supreme Court of the United States refused A committee of the American Political Sci tricts in only a portion of their territory. to hear the case on the ground that the dis ence Association has defined as "equitable" Taken as a whole, these States had more tricting of State legislatures was outside its a district that has a population within a equitable districts than the States that did Jurisdiction. range of 85 to 115 percent of the State norm, not redistrict at all. Only nine States ac the norm being the State's total population tually adjusted every one of their districts. THE REVERSAL: BAKER V. CARR divided by the number of districts it con tains. In 1955, on the basis of this defini Less than half the Members of the present On March 26, 1962, the Supreme Court re House of Representatives are from newly versed an earlier stand and, by a vote of six tion, over half of the congressional districts created constituencies. As the accompany to two, decided that legislative apportion were considered equitable, but within 5 years the number had dropped to 43 percent. ing table shows, 61.8 percent of the held ment is a proper issue for Federal courts. over districts are inequitable in size, though The case, Baker v. Carr, was an outgrowth Which Americans benefit and which suffer discrimination because of unequal represen only 17.8 percent of the new districts are. of an unsuccessful attempt to obtain relief The evidence indicates that if a State under by following the course recommended in the tation? A study of election returns over the decade of the 1950's indicates that equitable takes a complete redistricting program, it is first Colegrove case. Sensing that the ju representation may be related to certain eco likely to do so in an equitable manner. The diciary in 1962 might be more sympathetic to nomic and political factors, but was m:ore problem is that so few States do a thorough the problem of urban underrepresentation clearly related to a district's urban, rural, or going job of redistricting after each census. than it was in 1946, a group of citizens of suburban characteristics. WHAT LIES AHEAD? Nashville, Terin., took their case to the courts. Urban districts were actually better repre The Supreme Cour~ h_~s said _that "gross The Supreme Court based its decision on sented than is commonly believed-more disproportion. of representation". in State the equal protection of the laws clause of tp.:e than 60 percent of them in the eqtt'ltable legislatures must be eliminated, and it may 11820 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD - HOUSE 'June 27 be· only, _a questi-0n of time before this prin equitably; or-the . more ..likely .. c~9ice:-it ment, and. to fearful ones among us who ciple will be appli~d to cases involving con IX_laY 'tell Wesberry that since the Georgia. believe we have already begun to cut gressional · districts. too. But_ reform will Legislatµi-e. has been ~rected to make its.el! probably ~ome·s1owly... · · · mqre representative,. it n:,ia.y be. expec~~. .in back on defense. There are three possible ways .of achieving turn to make congressional districts more For the record, the bill we have just remedial action: equitable. But districting reforms· would passed is $7 :billion higher than the De . Congressional action: No reform in dis:.. not go into effect before the 1966 congres fense Appropriation Act of 3 years ago. tricting should be expected from Congress sional elections. It is not clear how repre During the past 2 years, this Congress chiefly because many Representatives now in sentative the new legislatures will be or has appropriated $15.5 billion more for Congress are elected, with little opposition, whether their second chambers will support defense than during the prior 2 years. from small di&tricts. They are not liJ~ely to equitable districting. If residents of Geor• push reforms that might jeopardize . their gia's Fifth District do not obtain relief by In the words of our distinguished col political careers. Furthermore, if Congress legislative means, they will undoubtedly re league, the gentleman from Texas, Con passed a law req-uiring equitable districts, it turn to the courts. gressman GEORGE MAHON: would have to refuse to seat Members elected The Atlanta case is a special one, however, This bill represents the continuing deter by inequitable ones, which would be ·an the Fifth District of Georgia being the sec mination of the House that we shall main embarrassing step to take. Finally, many ond largest in the country. If the Supreme tain our military superiority and expand our Congressmen continue to consider the crea Court were to decide in favor of Wesberry, military capabilities, that we support a pol-: tion of districts as one of the "rights" of it probably would do so because his district icy of strength and firmness. the several States and not within the prov suffers a gross disproportion of representa ince of the Federal Government. tion and its residents are objects of invidious Further, in the words of the same State action: While many States are being discrimination. In the whole country about Texan: required to redistrict their own legislatures 20 districts with over 600,000 inhabitants The program which this bill supports will as a result of Baker v. Carr, the Supreroe could claim some relationship to the Atlanta make sure that the President o! the United Court has been silent. on congressional dis situation. Notable among these are Dallas, States and the Secretary of State can con tricts. There are no indications that the the southwest area of Detroit, the Dayton tfnue to deal at the conference table from a States will redistrict congressional seats until Middletown region of Ohio, and the ·sub position of ~ilitary strength. after the next census in 1970 unless· they are urban counties of Maryland that are ad compelled to do so. Not until the State jacent to Baltimore and Washington, D.C. Thus, while press accounts of this bill legislatures themsleves are more truly repre Probably only the most·glaring instances of as reported by the Appropriations Com sentative and competitive will there be the discrimination will be done away with if mittee have .emphasized the fact that the kind of competition between parties and sec Wesberry v. Vandiver replaces Colgrove v. Green; how much further the courts will go t?tal amount provided is nearly $2 bi?.:. tions that can result in equitable congres hon below the administration requests sional districts. is uncertain. Equal representation is best viewed as a it would be highly inaccurate to conclud~ Judicial action: The Supreme Court in question of civil rights and as such must be that a. cut of this size has been made Baker v. Carr, which dealt only with State guaranteed under the equal protection into the bone and muscle of American legislatwes, made it clear that serious under clause of the. 14th amendment. New York, defense. representation would no longer be tolerated. Massachusetts, and Minnesota have shown But as far as congressional representation ts The committee has made it clear that concerned,. the Supreme Court's decision that that it is altogether practlcabl~ to $iraw dis: no reduction in personnel is intended or the courts would not enter the field of con tricts of roughly equal proportion and at the· same time preserve opportunities for par considered necessary, in view of author gressional districting (in Colegrove v. Green, tisan maneuvering. ity provided for transfer of funds and the 1946) is still the law of the land. As matters now stand, over 40 million deferment of some procurement items. However, the Supreme Court will have an Americans are being deprived of their full opportunity soon to rule again in this area On the decision to defer production voice at the polls and full representation in and procurement of some weapons, and in the case of Wesberry v. Vandiver. This Congress simply because they live in areas case, which was dismissed by a lower Federal that have failed to secure political favor. the cutback of research and development court, deals with the size of congressional Those who try to defend existing inequities funds by approximately $400 million districts. A resident of the seriously under are clearly on the defensive, and the prin there is undoubtedly room for an honest represented Fifth Congressional District of ciple of equal representation in the Nation's difference of opinion. In my personal Atlanta, Ga., sued Governor Vandiver in an legislatures is closer to achievement than view, there is more hazard in the reduc effort to obtain more equitable representa ever before. tion in research and development than tion, ~king that the State be compelled to The case for equal districts transcends par in any other area, and I would have pre redraw all districts so that each would be tisan, differences between Democrats and within 15 percent of the statewide norm. f erred the full funding requested by the Republicans. The real· problem ls not to Defense Department. Summary of 413 congressional districts, secure more liberal or conservative legisla held over and new, 88th Cong. (Seats at tion, but to give full representation to all At the same time, no honest judge can large omitted) Americans. How they will want to use their question the fact that this bill provides power, what kind of congressmen they will strong support for this country's Defense Number Percent elect, what will be the ultimate legislative Establishment. Number ofin- age ofin outcome-these are important questions, but OUR CURRENT DEFENSE PROGRAM: Districts after 1960 of dis- equita- equita they should not affect the overriding issue of trlcts ble dis· ble dis- equal votes for equal citizens. The gentleman from Alabama, Con tricts tricts gressman GEORGE ANDREWS, commenting upon the progress being made in sea HELD OVER DISTRICTS THE MAJOR DANGERS FACING poy.rer under the current program, has In unrestricted States (no AMERICA pomted out that we are now adding one seats gained or lost) ______102 59 57.8 In unredistricted States The SPEAKER. Under previous order Polaris submarine a month to our naval (seats gained) __ ·----·-· 70 51 72.8 of the House, the gentleman from Okla forces. Partially re d i s t r i c t e d Nine submarines with 144 Polaris mis States __ .------. ____ -·-·_ 50 27 54.0 home [Mr. EDMONDSON] 1s recognized for 30 minutes. siles are now deployed overseas and three Total held over dis- more will join them before the year is tricts. ______222 137 61. 8 Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr. Speaker, the House of Representatives has just dem ou.t. The total will grow to 41 within NEW DISTRICTS onstrated once again its abiding faith in the next few years. In partially redistricted the American traditions that "eternal Completely proven as a weapons sys States.·-----····------ 132 26 19. 7 In completely redistricted vigilance is the price of liberty" and in tem that is ready to fire all missiles 95 · States_------·- . 69 8 13.ff time of danger it is a good idea to "keep percent of the time, mobile and virtually your powder dry." invulnerable to enemy attack, the Polaris Total new districts.. 191 17. 8 ======Yesterday's action approving the $47 submarine force of the United states All districts_------·- 413 171 billion appropriation bill for defense co~tinues to provide a major deterrent the second largest defense appropriation to aggression and war. 'The Supreme Court may choose to reverse bill in our peacetime history-Provides Other major deterrents are further the lower court and order the Georgia Leg a convincing answer to those short strex:igthened by this week's appropria islature to redistrict tts congressional seats sighted advocates of unilateral disarma-· tion measure. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 11821 We continue to provide for procure-· of freedom. This is the climate in which ficient in range to reach America's ment of missiles other than Polaris, for defenses are neglected, security forgot coastal population centers. use by both the Army and the Air Force. ten, and defeat almost certain. No Soviet action in lending subs to other In the terse language of the gentleman American who loves his heritage can tol Communist countries makes their use from Texas, Congressman MAHON: erate such a climate. in limited war extremely likely, and the We now have three times as many nuclear On the other extreme, the climate of heavy building program now underway weapons on the alert as we had in 1961. fear and panic may be equally disastrous. on Red nuclear-powered subs adds ad This is the climate in which carefully ditional gravity to the seriousness of this The number of tactical wings of the planned defenses are abandoned, proven underwater danger. Air Force has increased from 16 to 21, leadership distrusted, battle-tested allies Both submarines and so-called fishing and our airlift capacity-an area of ad rejected, and long range policies and ob boats have figured largely in the Commu mitted need for improvement-has in jectives forgotten. No American who nist efforts to expand their Cuban beach creased by 60 percent since 1961. values the lessons of history can en head in the Western Hemisphere, and an The present program continues to pro courage this climate, either. effort to establish a secret Communist vide for 16 combat-ready Army divi THE ENEMY'S STRENGTH submarine base in the Carribean is con sions, compared with 11 which we had sidered likely. ready for action in 1961. It is important, in the preparation of Three full · Marine Corps division America for the test of strength in which SUBVERSIVE AGGRESSION AS A WEAPON teams, and the nucleus of a fourth, are we are now engaged, to understand and Without in any way downgrading the also provided. appreciate fully both the tactics of the military threat and the relentless eco Of particular interest in connection Communist conspiracy and the Commu nomic warfare being waged by the Red with these remarks, our military build nist resources available to advance that bloc, an equally deadly Communist up during the past 2 years has also pro conspiracy's objectives. · weapon in Europe, Africa, and the West vided a threefold increase in Army spe The 1961 estimate of actual Commu ern Hemisphere continues to be supver cial forces designed to cope with limited nist Party membership outside the So sion. and guerrilla-type warfare. viet Union-36 million in 86 countries Webster's definition of subversion In summary, once again in the words gives only a hard core picture of the limits it to acts "which cause overthrow of the gentleman from Texas, Congress conspiracy's strength, or destruction." m~n MAHON: Conquest-with and without war, but As practiced by the Communists, sub Thus, although we all earnestly hope for usually at the point of a gun-has placed version includes every cold war weapon peace, we are obviously stronger and better more than a billion people under the from propaganda to murder. . prepared for coping with a wider range of Communist :flag. An outstanding analysis of Red tech military situations than we have ever been Khrushchev has boasted that his forces niques in this field has been supplied by in time of peace. now "cover about one-fourth of the N. H. Mager and Jacques Katel, in Simon THE REASONS WHY territory of the globe, have one-third of and Shuster's "Conquest Without War." The basic and fundamental reason for its population, and their industrial out While Khrushchev 1s reported in this the current defense program of the put accounts for about one-third of the volume to have said, "It 1s not true that United States is found in one simple total world output." we regard violence and civil war as the fact of life: the fact that this genera While his industrial production figures only way to remake society,'' the words of tion of Americans must face and deal are high, his population estimates are Lenin remain to establish the true Com with a threat to freedom that is far more not. munist ground rules: ruthless and far more deadly than any Furthermore, China's population-now We say that our morality is entirely sub danger we have confronted in the past. in excess of 600 million-is expected to ordinated to the interests of the class strug The brain and nerve center ·of that reach 1 billion by 1975. gle of the p_roletariat. danger can be found in the international The military power of the combined And further: Communist conspiracy, with headquar Communist countries is largely concen Revolutionaries who are unable to com ters in Moscow and Peiping, and out trated in land armies, missiles, and un bine illegal forms of struggle with every posts in every major capital of the dersea naval forces. form of illegal struggle are very poor revo world-including one stronghold located Division strength of the Red bloc in lutionaries. since 1959 in Havana, Cuba. Europe has been estimated at more than From Havana to Moscow to Peiping, 150 divisions, with a high level of mech In Latin America, in recent months, there can be no doubt about the constant anization and mobile firepower. Addi there has been little doubt of the fact and common goal of that conspiracy. tional Russian divisions not located in that Lenin's ideas still prevail. From the time of Lenin to the present Europe bring this total to more than Murder, robbery, and arson have been day it has been the same, and that goal 200 divisions. the acknowledged tactics of the Castro is world domination. Chinese Army strength is reported in Communists in South America. In today's Communist hierarchy, Ni excess of 120 divisions, easily the largest The New York Times, in 1 week's pe kita Khrushchev and Mao Tse-tung may single military force in Asia. riod, reported an armed attack upon the disagree on tactics, but never on the long The striking power of Russia's ICBM's U.S. military mission in Caracas, fol term target-Communist control of the is a matter of keen speculation, but little lowed by the burning of the mission, and world. doubt exists of their ability to hit targets the attack and burning of the Goodyear Understanding of this central truth is Tire & Rubber warehouse in the same on the North American Continent with city. · imperative in any careful evaluation of missiles of high megaton yield. the dangers now confronting our coun Gustavo Machado, head of the out try. THE SUBMARINE THREAT lawed Communist Party in Venezuela, For, while the Russian conspirator may A major factor in the Communist mili acknowledged the burning of the Good work and plan to accomplish conquest tary threat is the Soviet submarine force, year warehouse and an earlier burning without war on one continent, and his known to include more than 400 subs of a Sears warehouse and said, "We are Asiatic partner may pursue conquest or more than four times the number sail proud of them." through war on another, both are dedi ing for Hitler at the peak of the Battle In an outstanding-report upon "Castro cated to the same basic strategy-and of the Atlantic. Communist Subversion in the Western that is the strategy of conquest. While the majority of these · vessels Hemisphere," a subcommittee of the Within the different nations of the free are known to be diesel-powered, a grow House Committee on Foreign Affairs re world, no climate of public opinion is im ing number are nuclear-fueled and many ported on March 14, 1963, that our Al mune from the virus of attempted Com have missile flri~g capability. liance for Progress is being endangered munist conquest. Vice Adm. John W. Thach, writing in by a "Communist offensive in Latin The climate of complacency and indif U.S. Naval Proceedings, has emphasized America that is paramilitary, relying on ference can prove deadly to the friends that missiles from these subs are suf- force and violence." · 11822 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 27 Elimination of this subversive aggres of our Nation requil'es an unceasing ef rity Subcommittee. in 1961, is just as sion, the subcommittee reported. is es fort to assure the excellence and readi tru.e today as it was 2 years ago; sential to "the success of the Alliance ness of armed force& capable of meeting Unf'ortunately,. there are those who make for Progress or any other long-range ~Y attack with overwhelming American ~e. very mistake the Communists, are so economic aid program for the region.." power. · · careful -CO avoid. These individuals concen trate on the negative rather than on the THE CUBAN ROLJK: At the saine time. it js also impera tive that effective countermeasures be positive. They are merely against, commu The Foreign Affairs subcommittee of mounted and sustained to meet the nism without: being for any p06itive- meas the gentleman from Alabama [Mr. SEL ures to eliminate the social, political, and growing . menace of subversive .aggres-. economic frictions whfch the Communists DEN] has left little doubt about the s-ource sion--of the conquest without war which of ·most aggressive subversion in Latin Me so adroit at exploiting. · threatens the security of many good - Thes.e persons would. do wen to recall a America. · :neighbors in this hemisphere. recent lesson from history. Both Hitler and · The subcommittee declares: The recommendations. of. the Selden Mussolini were against communism. How From its inception the Castro regime has committee, ranging from economic and ever, it was by what they stood for, not Bought to e-xport revolution to other coun ~gainst, that history has judged them. tries of the hemisphere. Direct mllitary ef diplomatic measures to unilateral mili forts, in the form of small rebel force land tary action where essential to our secu . Let us make certain that America. con ings in Nicaragua. Panama, the Dominican rity, should form the cornerstones for tinues to meet the dangers- .confronting. Republic and Haiti, failed in 1959. Cuba aggressive counterattack 1n this hemi us with strength, with resolution, with rapidly became a base for subversion and sphere. positive. programs, with f ait.h in our guerrilla training~ as well as propaganda Additional measures in the internal country and its great institutions, and campaigns aimed at. the overthrow of exist security field, in Latin America especial with equal faith in the Divine Providence ing Latin American governments. ly, but also in all free countries deter who presides over the destinies of all The Cuban propaganda campaign, mined to resist and defeat the Commu men and all nations. with heavy emphasis on the "Hate nists• subversive aggression, should also America" theme, is carried out by short.. be undertaken. · wave radio throughout Latin America. On this score, I have made several INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZA Radio Havana alone, in 1961, was direct suggestions for changes in current hemi TION CONFERENCE AT GENEVA, ing 266 ½ hours a week of broadcasts to spheric security measures, and have SWITZERLAND Latin America, with· direct appeals to strongly urged increased attention to this listeners to revolt against their govern-· problem within the Organization of The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. LIB ments. American States. ONATI). Under previous order of the The Selden subcommittee reported House, the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. It also seems elementary that meas AYRESJ is recognized for 30 that from 1,000 to 1,500 Latin Americans ures which operate to improve living minutes. traveled to Cuba in 1962 for ideological Mr. AYRES. Mr. Speaker,, I ask standards and opportunities in the crit unanimous consent to revise and extend and paramilitary training, with increas ically depressed areas of the world are ing numbers of Communist trainees re my remarks and include extraneous worthwhile in the counterattack on matter. ported in 1963. communism. These trainee~s. the subcommittee said, The SPEAKER. pro tempore. Is there The exploitation of misery and distress objection to the request of the gentleman. Hrepresent a Communist revolutionary has been a cornerstone of Communist eadre for the establishment of Castro from Ohio? propaganda efforts from the start, and There was no objection. type regimes in the hemisphere.» the slogan, "to each according to his The Cuban based program for revolu Mr. AYRES. Mr. Speaker, I wish to needs," is tailor-made for appeal to the preface my remarks by expressing my tion is so "extensive in concept and exe underprivileged. cution," in the words of the subcom appreciation to you for having desig With more than a billion people on this nated me as a congressional adviser to mittee, "as to be branded subversive earth struggling for existence on per the International Labor Organization 'aggression', a modern totalitarian form capita incomes of less than $8 per month,. of warfare, against. the nations of the Conference in Geneva. I say that :rhave the Communist eorispi:racy does not have appreciated this .because r have gained free world." · to search long to find fertile soil for its knowledge that will be of value to me in THE WORLDWIDE DRIVE insidious and misleading propaganda. my work here. I have an entirely new What the Cubans are doing in Latin It is no accident that every Chief Ex concept of international conferences. America, the Russians are doing in Af ecutive of this Nation since World War Though I had refused to attend the rica, and to a lesser degree in Europe, II has recognized the need in the world Conference. at the instance of the state Asia, and everywhere else a "revolution for an American counteroffensive against Department, r was most pleased to serve ary cadre" can be established. poverty and disease in order to strength as a delegate from Congress. As a Mem Subversive aggression-a new concept en the forces of freedom. ber of this body, my loyalty is to it. of modem war-is the Khrushchev Along this line, Secretary of Defense I realize full well that the field of in formula for "conquest without war."· Robert McNamara testified, in the early ternational affairs, belongs to the execu No thinking American today can be part of this year. that programs of eco tive branch of our Government. I. would little the menacing nature of the danger nomic assistance are "absolutely vital to not change that. But far too often, thus presented. winning" in the cold war. Congress is unable to make its position The stakes in this struggle are total, By maintaining and building the mil felt. We do control the purse strings. with life, liberty, and the pursuit of hap itary strength of the United States and Our problem is often to have enough piness in the balance. its allies, by strengthening our forces knowledge to adequately form an opin The Communist military power, sup and measures of internal security against ion of the merit of expenditures in this plemented by economic warfare and sub~ subversion and by aggressively contin field. I know that I speak for all mem versive aggression, hangs like a sword of uing our full economic offensive, we can bers of this body when I say that we and will meet and defeat modern his would not deny the executive branch any Damocles over all free men and women tory's most deadly threat to freedom. justified funds that would contribute to today. Let no American, however, conclude a peaceful solution of international prob The United States of America, the ar that mere opposition to that threat is lems. The question as to justification is senal of democracy in World War II and enough. Strength-and positive, con a difficult one and can only be gathered the citadel of liberty in the thermo structive measures. to advance our by first hand information. nuclear age. must and shall continue to cause-are absolutely essential. I believe the Members of Congress can maintain a level of preparedness second No American today is better acquaint be: of definite service to our relations with to none. ed with the Communist danger than J. other nations by attending these inter On the seven seas-on land and in the Edgar Hoover of the FBI. His testi national conferences. r am most air-and in space as well, the security mony before the Senate Internal Secu- pleased to report to you, Mr. Speaker, 1963 CONGRESSIONAC RECORD,..;._ HOUSE 11823 that I was very wen· receiv·ed by the Good, political officer (with special emphasis employers, and the •workers were -at·full other delegates. They .seemed to have on· the governing body elections). Office o~ freedom to ·vote on particular measures International Economlc _and Social Affa.irs, according -to their beliefs -on the subject. faith in our utterances. · They knew that U.S. Department of State. ,.. we were directly elected· representatives Area liaison advisers: Mr. William M. Steen It is not unusual "to · find the delegates of the people of th~ United States of (11aison-A1.rica). Afrlcan area specJalls1i of many of the nations 1n disagreement America. · U.S. Department of Labor; Mr• .John L. on speci:fl~ measures. That 1s why the Briefly, I would review the history of Hagan ( secretary to the delegation and International · Labor , Organization was the International Labor Organization. liaison with Latin America), Office of Inter granted delegates representing govern When the League of Nations was founded national · Conferences, U .s. · Departmen~ of ment, employers, and workers. 1918, to state; Mr. Irvin Lippe, attache (lialson I was interested in investigating the in a charter was given this or Europe), U.S. mission, Geneva, Switzerland; ganization. ·In l948, it became an Mr. Harold D. Snell, labor attache (llaison pasi tion of the Union of Soviet Socialist agency of the United Nations. It is open Near and Middle East), Beirut, Lebanon. Republics in this matter. They, too, had not only to members of that organization Technical advisers: delegates representing·Government, em but to any other that is accepted by a Application of conventions and executive ployers, and workers. My research two-thirds majority of its members. officer: Mr. John E. Lawyer, Associate Direc could discover no . occasion when their One hundred and eight member nations tor, Office of International Organizations, employer and worker . delegates. had were represented· at the immediate con Bureau of International Labor Affairs, U .s. differed in the slightest degree from the Department of Labor. _ ference. The ILO charter states that it Prohibition of sale, hU",e, and use of inade position of their Government delegate. aims to promote social justice; improve quately guarded machinery (second (iiscus This condition also prevailed with th~ labor conditions and living standards; sion): Mr. Morris B. Wallach, international Soviet satellite nations. I1folude Cuba and promote economic. stability. At the safety consultant, Division of International amongst these satellite nations. Cer conference, labor standards are formu Cooperation, Bureau of La'bor Standards, U.S. tainly their .employer delegations have lated and adopted. However the mem Department of Labor. no justification for meeting with the rep ber nations are at liberty to ratify them Termination of employment at the initia resentatives of the employer groups of or not as they see flt. tive of the employer (second discussion): the free nations. The . free .employers Mr. Harry Douty, Assistant Commissioner A permanent office is maintained as 1s 1or Wages and Industrial Relations, Office of did boycott them one year but ha've a permanent s~retariat. This is under Wages, Industrial Relations and Prices, Bu resumed conferences with them. The the guidance of Mr. David Morse, an reau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of international Labor Organization's Ap American. Labor. peal Board has given them their status. The effectiveness of the ILO can be Benefits in the case of industrial accidents It is d1fficult for me to see any good questioned when one considers that even and occupational diseases (first discussion): reason for their action. the resolution for bidding farced labor Mr. Donald L. Ream, Chief, Workmen's Com I can but believe that the-Soviet Union has only been ratified by one-half the pensation Branch, Division of State Serv ices, Bureau of Labor Standards, U.S. De is a member of this organization for the member nations. partment of Labor. sole purpase of creating a false image to - The United States provides 25 percent Hygiene in shops and offices (first dis the world. The image being one that of the total budget of the ILO. Our con cussion); Mr. John P. O'Neill, industrial would have all people believe that the tribution has amounted to the sum of hygienist, Division of Programing and Train Soviet Union has democratic considera $5,243,136 for the past 2 years. The U.S. ing, Bureau of Labor Standards, U.S. Depart tion for its people. Certainly this ne delegation to this year's conference con ment of Labor. farious . propaganda. should .be expased sisted of the Government representa Representing the employers of the Unit for what it really is-slavery under the tives headed by the Honorable George ed States: guise of a communistic state. L. P. Weaver, Assistant Secretary of La Advisers: Mr. John E. Branch, Wilson, Branch & Barwick, Rhodes-Haverty Build Mr. Speaker, a crisis occurred during bor for International Affairs, Depart .ing, Atlanta, Ga.; Mr. Malcolm L. Denise, this year's meetings of the International ment of Labor, and Mr. George P. vice president, labor relations, the Ford Mo Labor Organization. Thirty-two dele Delaney, special assistant to the Secre tor Co., the American Road, Dearborn, Mich.; gations representing the African nations tary of State, Department of State. Mr. Richard P. Doherty, president, Television rose in protest at the presence of the The employers' representatives headed Radio Management Corp., Washington, D.C.; South African delegation. · They, joined by Mr. Richard Wagner, chairman of the Mr. Edwin R. Niehaus, director, employee by Arab countries, left the Conference. board, Chamber of Commerce · of the relations, the Great Western Sugar Co., Denver, Colo.; Mr. George J. Pantos, labor At this time, I will enter 1n the RECORD United States. attorney, labor relations and legal depart the speech made by the Secretary Gen The workers representatives were ment, Chamber of Commerce of the United eral of the Conference, Mr. David Morse: headed by Mr. Rudolph Faupl, interna States, Washington, D.C.; and Mr. William - I have, during 15 years, come to this ros tional representative of the Interna G. Van Meter, program development gen trum to defe_nd many interests in the J.n tional Association of Machinists. eral manager, Chamber of Commerce . of the terest of maintaining the universality and The men acting as advisers to these United States, Washington, D.C. the strength of our organization. Today, I distinguished officials were without ex Representing the workers of the United come again in what ls perhaps my most diffl ception-men of great ability. They were States: cult intervention, but one which ·must be all concerned with giving the United Advisers: Mr. Cornelius J. Haggerty, pres made, . since ours is a responsible organiza States excellent representation. They ident, Building & Construction Trades De tion dedicated to the struggle for peace, dedi partment, American Federation of Labor and cated to improving the wel!are of all men. are listed here: Congress of Industrial Organizations, Wash I owe it to my member states to set the Alternate delegate: Mr. John F. Skillman, ington, D.C.; Mr. Joseph D. Keenan, secre record straight and to give you the objec special assistant to the Secretary, U.S. De tary, International Brotherhood of Electrical tive facts in the situation, because we are partment of Commerce. Workers, Washington, D.C.; Mr. George now part of the historical process, and it is Congressional advisers: Hon ADAM CLAY Meany, president, American Federation of important, in the writing of history, that TON POWELL, Ja., House of Representatives; Labor and Congress of Industrial Organiza :the truth be stated so that those who follow Hon. WILLIAM H. AYRES, House of Repre tions, Washington, .D.C. _us can bene:fl t from our own experiences. sentatives. Mr~ William J. Pachler, president, Utility I rise to speak because I was told yesterday Alternate congressional advisers: Hon. Workers . Union of America, Washington, by a committee officially designated to repre PETER FRELINGHUYSEN, JR., House of Repre D.C.; Mr. Jacob S. Potofsky, president, sent the African group that they had not yet senatives; JAMES RoosEVELT, House of Rep Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America, prepared an agreed declaration .and that resentatives. New York, N.Y:; Mr. Bert Seidman (at 'AFL before they made a declaration they would Senior adviser: Hon. Roger W. Tubby CIO expense) , European economic repre inform the Secretary General-the Director (liaison-Far East), U.S. representative to sentative, American Federation of Labor and General of this organization-who, ~ter _all, the U.S. mission to the European office of Congress of Industrial Organizations, Paris, is the trustee of its constitution and its wel the U.N. and otl;_ler internat~onal organiza France; and Mr. David Sullivan, president, fare. I have not yet been so informed, and tions, Geneva, Switzerland. Building Service. Employee~· International I am surprised that my first notice 1s your General advisers: Mr. Richard Conn, in Union, New York, N.Y. statement this morning, Mr. Johnson, from formation officer (at Department of Labor this rostrum. expense), Bureau of International Labor Al. Mr. Speaker, I wish to state our dele Secondly, I must put the record a~aight. fairs, U.S. Department of -Labor; Mr. Dale .gates .representing the Government, the ·Mr. Johnson has resigned as president of the CIX--744 11824 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 27 Conference, and, of course, it will be neces . discrimination. Also, the ILO bas been deal rity Council of the United- Nations to deal sary to elect a new president. In his resigna-. ing-more persistently, I submit, than any with ~e issue of apartheid on an urgent tion Mr. Johnson sent me the following note: other international organization-with the basis at its next session, which will be next "DIRECTOR GENERAL, ILO: basic issues of human rights and discrimina month, July 1963. "I regret initiating a move that may bring tion which are involved in the South African Third, I stated that I would be prepared strain and add to the already heavy work of question. And may I remind you that it personally, in my capacity as Secretary the congress. Please accept my resignation bas been dealing with them as moral issues, General of the Conference and Director as president of the 47th session of the ILO. not legalistic issues, and in practical ways. General of the ILO, to meet with the Sec It is inevitable that I should take this step, I make this clear so as to stress that the retary General of the United Nations in July, and I wish the congress every luck. ILO, its officers and its Director General upon the close of this session, in order to "J.M. JOHNSON." have not approached and cannot approach clarify and put personally to the Secretary This was delivered to me during the latter this question in a narrow, limited, procedural General, U Thant, such views as this Con part of the morning of Saturday. It bas way. Nevertheless I say at the same time ference might decide to embody in a resolu been officially acted upon by the officers of that the Organization cannot afford to com tion at this session. This would insure that the Conference. The selection committee promise its constitutional position by ill resolutions passed by the ILO and by the was notified yesterday. Mr. Johnson is, of considered action. The basic constitutional United Nations are fully coordinated and course, as he himself indicated, no longer law of this Organization is the mandate it that the Secretary General is in possession president of the Conference. has received. And from whom bas it received of all the elements for his presentation to the Now I want you to be good enough, all of this mandate? It has received it from the Security Council when it meets in JUiy. you, to sit back and hear me out. This is soverign states which make up the ILO Fourth, the African group could decide to not easy, but I have got to do it, and I beg all of you here who represent your govern undertake concerted action in the governing of you your courtesy and your patience ments. If this is violated the very existence body of the ILO and in the governing bodies because I speak to you from the very best of the ILO as an international organiza of all other international organizations, and of motives and from the bottom of my heart. tion ls violated, and it is through. Any in the United Nations itself, to obtain the This Conference and this organization breach of this constitutional law would open specific amendment of the constitution of have been living through very difficult days. the way for arbitrary, vicious rule which the ILO, the constitutions of all other inter The situation has developed since last today may be turned against one party but national organizations, and the constitution Wednesday, when a protest was made by the tomorrow will be turned against another of the United Nations itself, which would Mrican delegates concerning the right of party. state specifically that the policy of apartheid the employers' delegate from the Republic of I, as Director General, I tel! you this, will was fundamentally contrary to the constitu South Africa to speak in the discussion on never, never be a consenting party to any tions of all these bodies and that any nation the Director General's report. It continued action-any supposed solution to a diffi practicing this policy cannot be a member of last Friday when, as you know, on the ruling culty-which would undermine the founda t~e United Nations or any of the organiza of the Chair, the employers' delegate from tions ·of law and of confidence on which the tions comprising the United Nations family. South Mrica made his statement and a num ILO rests. . In making these points to the delegation ber of delegates thereupon left the hall and, Accordingly I considered it my duty-my which met with me I reiterated my willing as you know, there was a considerable and solemn duty-to point out to the African ness and my desire to meet with the whole noisy demonstration. delegates courses of action which would be assembly of African delegations, to explain Since then plenary sittings of the Con legally possible and which might at the the position to them as I saw it and to dis ference have been suspended. There have same time be substantially more effective cuss any question with them. The delega been a series of discussions and negotiations means of pursuing their legitimate aims than tion's spokesman indicated, however, that outside this hall in an attempt to find a way either the sort of demonstration we had last they would report to the whole meeting and out of the impasse in which the Conference Friday or a total withdrawal of the African would inform me in due course of its wishes. found itself. These were initiated by me, delegations from the work of the Confer That was yesterday morning. Early in the because of my responsibility as Secretary ence. afternoon I heard unofficial reports that the General of the Conference and on the spe One of my difficulties during this phase, meeting of African delegates had concluded. cific authority given to me by the Selection which I must point out to the Conference, The press, however, had word that a declara Committee of the Conference last Wednesday was in maintaining contact with the African tion had been adopted and that it was to be evening to carry out consultations with a delegations. They were meeting-the gov read to the plenary sitting. There was even view to a resolution of the difficulty. These ernment, employer, . and worker delegates a text of such a declaration in the hands of consultations have, in an atmosphere of from Africa together-at various times dur some journalists. · tension, been accompanied by various ru ing Saturday, Sunday, and yesterday. Sev Some of the members of the delegation mors. There have also been certain state eral times I sent messa.ges offering to speak from the African meeting came back to see ments to the press, and, as I said earlier, I with this meeting, but I was informed each me yesterday afternoon. Their spokesman must set the · record straight so that all time that it was not necessary. Finally, at then informed me that .the meeting had de delegates may have a correct understanding my request to be heard I was informed that cided that the African delegations would of what has transpired and so that the work a delegation of 12, composed from the 3 cease participating in the work of the session. of this Conference may continue. groups, had been appointed to meet with me At the same time, it was made clear that this First let me say that fundamental issues yesterday at 9 a.m. This delegation's spokes decision was subject to change in the light of touching the very structure of civilization -man made it clear that it was not em developments that might take place-pre and human dignity are involved in this powered to discuss with me, but only to hear sumably any further negotiations that might situation. . There is the issue of discrimina what I had to say and report back to the lead to a different situation. tion, of a racial policy which bas been con full meeting of African delegates. I turned to these gentlemen and I asked demned by a resolution adopted, without op Thus I explained to this delegation four these spokesmen for the African delegates position, by this Conference in 1961. Also points-I want to tell you about these four whether they could clarify the reports I had there is the issue of freedom of speech for points-outlining a composite of measures received concerning a declaration to be made duly accredited delegates-even for those that were open to the African delegations, on their behalf. In reply I was informed that who may hold condemned opinions. and these were as follows: the information I had received, and that I It has been suggested that the !LO and First, the African delegations might have had heard, was completely inaccurate. No its executive officers have approached this come to this session of the Conference with a declaration had been approved by the dele problem from too legalistic and procedural a challenge to the credentials of the South gations. Furthermore, I was assured that, standpoint and have not considered it from African Government delegation and, in view as Secretary General of the Conference, I its moral aspects. I must be the first to dis especially of the 1961 resolution, this could would be informed of any such declaration pel this idea. The ILO has always been alive have been a basis for excluding the delega before it was made to the Conference. I told to the moral aspect. Indeed, that is the tion from participating at this session. The · the Selection Committee last evening, for the foundation of its law. The ILO, alone among African delegations could, however, take ac record, on my word as Secretary General of all the international organizations, bas been tion to challenge these credentials at the this Conference, that I was informed that persistent and able to give substance to the next session if they so desired. -there -was no declaration, that no declaration principles enunciated in the Universal Dec Second, a resolution could be submitted to had been agreed and that I was not seized of laration of Human Rights, through a num:. this session of the Conference under the ex one; because I believed. ber of binding international conventions in isting urgency procedure which would put Meanwhile, as I mentioned, a statement the human rights field, dealing with freedom this Conference clearly on record against the was circulated to the press purporting to be of association, abolition of forced labor, and policy of apartheid. In addition, this resolu a declaration of the African delegations to the elimination of discrimination in em tion could ask the lJnited Nations to become the Conference. Many of you will have read ployment. seized with this problem and to de~rmine the substance of this so-called declaration in Furthermore, the governing body has a policy to be. adopted by the entire United today's newspapers. I have. I refer to this established a standing committee that will Nations family on the issue of apartheid. now as a matter of privilege because this deal on a practical basis with the issue of This resolution could also request the Secu- ·text contains certain allegations concerning 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 11825 which the facts must be ·made clear also. It that the acting President would proceed in so again. There are· two reasons for this: concerns the person who presided over the the Conference on this agreed basis. ; As an organization; we have never wavered, sitting of the conference last Friday, Mr. Now, there are many other aspects of this we never will waver, in our basic moral pur Faupl, the workers• vice president of th-e problem tha.t ! ·could go into, but I thought poses; and we have never adopted, and we Conference. Let me read the text which I ought to make it clear that any public shall never adopt, arbitrary methOds. was given to the press: insinuation of this character in this matter In 1954', when issues of a different char "Considering the personal and anticon: concerning Mr. Rudi Faupl and concerning acter, but equally as grave as those which stitutional action of the vice president, Mr. the manner in which he presided must be confront us today, were raised, issues con Faupl, president of the 11th meeting, and publicly, irrevocably ·and clearly denied. cerning the right of the Soviet Union to par the deplorable manner with which the repre There must not be any misunderstanding ticipate fully in the work of the ILO, I re sentative of the Republic of South Africa about the manner in which any officer of this called to the Conference that the rule of was imposed on the members of the Con Conference has discharged his responsibili law, .due process of law tempered by reason ference in violation of the 1961 resolution ties. I do not want to go further into this and equity, was the essence of our tradition decides as a protest to abstain from par case, but I think it important that this and civilization. ticipating in the meeting." particular point be made. Let me quote what I said then. "Yet we What I am going to tell you now I also Now let me revert to the story· of the ne can never afford to take a tradition like ours told the spokesman representing the African gotiations and add that on several occasions for granted. The rule of law can be de delegations and, subsequently, the selection during the last few days I have been in con stroyed by any acquiescence in a violation committee. It is this: that Mr. Faupl, when tact with the government delegation of the of law. A habit of reasonable compromise he presided at the sitting of the Conference Republic of South Africa in order to ascer can be undermined by emotional intransi where this. problem came up, was presiding tain, in line with the resolution of 1961, gence. Whatever future course this Organi after a meeting of all the officers of the whether that delegation · would be prepared zation may take, any abandonment of our Conference at which it was agreed by all the to Withdraw from the Conference. I was tradition, any resort to unconstitutional officers of the Conference that he should take given to understand that the Government of means to overcome a problem in defiance of the chair so that the business of the Con South Africa had decided, as a matter of due process of law, can only be to our loss. ference could proceed. The situation was policy, not to leave. It would drain away our constitutional that the government vice president had al So much, then, for the record of the dis strength. ready had the chair and he agreed that he cussions. Where does this leave us? Let m:e "And this is an issue, let me emphasize, should not take the chair on this occasion. recapitulate the position as I see it and let which does not affect us, the · ILO, alone. It was his own view that, as he had had it, me tell you what I think should be the With great care we have all helped to build it was the next person's turn. The next per course of action for our Conference. a framework for international cooperation son was the employers' vice president. The This conference at its 1961 session adopted through the United Nations family organi employers' vice president felt that, in view a resolution condemning the racial policies zations. Any move to break away from this of the fact that he would be called upon to of the Government of the Republic of South acquired habit by resorting to the use of rule in a case involving an employer, it Africa and advising the Republic of South power alone, no matter what the seeming might be considered strange, or that his Africa to withdraw from membership of the advantages, no matter what the provocation, ruling might even be impugned. So, in the ILO. would not only threaten the ILO, it would circumstances, it was suggested that the The Government of South Africa has not be a setback for the United Nations. Ea.ch next person in turn take the chair; and that complied With this advice, nor has its delega of us here must continue the work of our happened to be Mr. Faupl. tion consented to withdraw from this ses predecessors, to nurture prudently the Now, Mr. Faupl stated that he did not want sion of the Conference, and there ls no provi growth of a. civilized community of nations." to take the chair; he stated that he had sion in the ILO constitution for the That is what I said in 1964, and which I voted in favor of the resolution on South expulsion of a member State. feel bound to recall in the light of our pres Africa; he stated that from the bottom of rn· the face of this situation, Mr. Johnson ent very different circumstances, because the his toes he was against the whole policy of of Nigeria, who was the mover of the 1961 principle I tried to express, the feeble man apartheid; he stated that his whole career resolution, as he stated this morning, re ner in which I tried to put my views across in his country had been spent in fighting signed as president of the session; and the on this particular concept, is I believe of racialism and he did not want to have to be African delegations, as I was told yesterday, lasting and real validity. These are words, placed in the position of ruling in a case have decided to participate no further in its but there is truth in them, and I believe which ran against his own conscience when work. that if we adhere to the law it will reinforce it came to the elements of this issue. This So far, the situation would seem to be the moral purpose of the ILO in its struggle was the discussion which took place among entirely negative. However, there are, in against racial discrimination and for uni the officers of this Conference. But he was addition, more recent factors which put the versal recognition of human dignity. With prevailed upon by his colleagues, by all the situation in a different light. out law there can be no respect for dignity, officers of this Conference, to do his duty, The first of these ls the continuing deter no civilized recognition of equal rights and and he said: "I will accept that; after all, mination of the majority of delegates that equal opportunities. The infraction of law it is true, I have been elected; this is an the constructive work of the ILO in fulfill only creates the basis for discrimination. So honor, being vice president, which has been ment of its basic objectives should not be we must fight dLscrimination, but we must conferred upon the workers. But I accept allowed to be paralyzed. Accordingly, a new fight it with truth and we must fight it with only in all these circumstances, in the inter president of the Conference will be elected the dignity that comes from truth. ests of the organization and in the interests and under his guidance the basic work, our My friends, you do not have to tell me of complying With the constitutional re search for peace, based upon social justice, a.bout racial discrimination; I need no les quirements of the job at this session, and can continue its way to fruition. sons on racial discrimlnatlon. Racial dis only on this condition, that all the officers And, in addition, a resolution has been crimination is the enemy of the civilized of the Conference agree that I shall rule in submitted to me under the urgency provi world community. It is a challenge to the this matter that the South African delegate sion of the standing orders, and the officers existence of a world community, and so it has the right to speak." That was his po of the Conference a.re now seized of it. This is a challenge to world peace, it ls a chal sition. draft resolution would reiterate the condem lenge to world order. We must fight this The government vice president then in nation of apartheid of the 1961 resolution discrimination, we must fight this enemy, dicated that he would like to suggest an and refer the situation created by South but we must fight it witb. methods which amendment to what Mr. Faupl had proposed, Africa's noncompliance with that resolution strengthen the foundations of world order. his amendment being that when Mr. Faupl as a. matter of urgency to the United Na We must-I urge upon you, I pray you ruled it should be very clear that he was tions. It would request the United Nations engage this enemy effectively. This cannot ruling that all delegates had the right to to consider the situation in relation to South be done by quitting the Conference, by speak, not just the delegate of South Africa, Africa's continued participation as a mem sitting in the halls. so that it was clear that we were talking ber of the United Nations and to report ac That is why I regret the decision of which about a principle which really was basic to tion taken to the ILO. This draft resolu I was informed yesterday that the African the whole issue of freedom of speech. That, tion, which has been presented by the gov delegations were planning to take no turther ernment delegate of Panama, thus takes up part in this session of the Conference. I of course, was accepted unanimously by the one of the suggestions I made to the African think this is an unfortunate decision. I officers, including Mr. Johnson, and it was delegations. Other points could be taken think it ls a very unwise one. I would pre' on that basis and on behalf of an the of up in the governing body. fer to see Africans stay and fight on this ficers that Mr. Faupl came to this rostrum Let me say, in concluding this assessment issue, fight under the rules of law which and agreed to preside. of the situation, that the ILO has had to face are open to them, and show the world how We then went back to the Selection Com very grave crises in its recent history. . I have men can meet a challenge and master it, Inittee, all the omcers ot the Conference went been through them all, and I believe myself and master lt with 1;he power of truth and to the Selection Committee, including Mr. that from each test we have emerged. dignity. I know from. my own struggle with Johnson, and I reported to the committee strengthened, and I believe that we will do fascism through 5 years of·war that you can- 11826 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD - HOUSE June 27 .not engage the enemy when you retreat from in this forum in 1961, as well as in the the executive .- authorities of the iLo are the field of battle. United Nations and other international. deliberately passive an:d have an inadmissible This issue of apartheid is one by which agencies; and the reason is quite clear. We attitude· on a question as important as this, the United Nations and the other special are unalterably and irrevocably opposed to a question that runs through the heart of an ized agencies, as well as the ILO, are · now apartheid in all aspects because we think organization like the ILO, is unwarranted. challenged. I believe that this Conference it contains not only the seeds of destruction Anyone who knows the authorities of this should take a decisive step in responding to for South Africa, but it also contains a Organization, anyone who has had any ex the challenge, in doing so in a way whereby potential seed of destruction for the rest of per~ence in working with them, anyone who the United Nations and the ILO, with the the world, given the kind of world we live has looked at the record, cannot in good other organizations, work out together a in. I think all delegates here, with very conscience and logic make this kind of state common policy, a common action, combin few exceptions, feel just the same about ment. ing their force and their effectiveness. this issue as any of the speakers, ihcluding This is an Organization which many of us Whether this is done depends upon the Mr. Johnson who opened this debate, and are proud of. This is a house which has pro delegates present here--depe'nds in large any of the speakers who have opposed him. duced many social advances. It has led the measure upon the African delegates. I think that the central issue was well family of the United Nations in these very It has been said, and it has been men put by the Director General and I can think issues, the very issue that is under debate tioned in the press, that some people would of no one's eloquence or reasoning which and under consideration here. And this be ready to destroy the ILO as a protest could match the logic as well as the passion work has been implemented not by us dele against South Africa. Let me say this. of his statement--a passion born out of gates who come here once a y_ear, or by the They will not. They cannot destroy the · experience and travail that democratic pro members of the Governing Body who come ILO; they do not have it in their power to cedures and processes in the ILO had to three times a year; it has been implemented destroy the ILO. The ILO is too firmly undergo in order that the Organization by the executive officers and the devoted rooted in the movements of workers every might become the kind of instrument that staff that make up the IW. We do not serve where in the world toward fuller freedom it is for the attainment of the ideals that our purpose by tearing down a structure. and a social order which is more just and we all subscribe to. And I have a double responsibility to take equitable, and in the struggle of the peoples It is very interesting, and I think it well to issue with the next statement, the one which of emerging nations for a better way of life. draw the attention of the delegates, particu refers to the personal and unconstitutional Those who talk this way cannot destroy the larly those who are not members of the Com action of the Vice President, Mr. Rudi Faupl. ILO, but they can limit the effectiveness mittee on the Application of Conventions There is little tl:at I can add to what has with which the ILO works to achieve what and Recommendations, to the report of the been stated by the Director General and all they themselves want. They can, if the Committee of Experts which is presented and the other officers who have taken this ros passion of the moment so dictates, reject being considered by that Committee this trum, because I participated in these dis the weapon which the ILO can be in the year, because one of the central findings was cussions as a fellow officer, and I say that Mr. struggle against discrimination. very interesting and it is well for every coun Faupl would not have been carrying out his And this is the question with which this try, particularly every country whose repre functions, he would not have been carrying Conference ls now squarely faced. Do we lay sentative takes this rostrum, to realize it; one out his duties as an officer, if he had not down our weapons? Do we abandon the of the positive conclusions that was drawn protected the right that we all agreed on, field of battle? De we sabotage the founda from tbat study of thes~ experts is that dis that every delegate has a right to be heard tions of a civilized world community in our crimination in one form or another is to be whether we agree with him or not. He was haste to leave? Or do we, on the contrary, found in every country, and, before any of us not only carrying out his agreement as an go forward together to engage in the strug come up here in self-righteousness, let us officer but, more important, he was carrying gle and to triumph over injustice and realize this basic fact. And this is one of the out a much higher principle, the principle oppression, to triumph · over poverty and purposes for this Organization. And how do of defending and promoting the right of discrimination? That is the decision be we get on, and how do we go about it? freedom of speech. fore this Conference. I would submit, based upon very practical I would like to close by referring to a couple personal experience as well as the experience of, I think, basic fundamental statements Mr. Speaker, this speech was made on that this Organization has undergone, th~t that were made by previous speakers, one of June 18, 1963. we all know that, when freedom of speech is which causes a good deal of concern and That the Members of the House might threatened in any forum, the usefulness of trepidation. · be informed of the position of our Gov that forum is ended. And this is the basic If I remember correctly, one of the speak ernment on this problem, I do also enter issue which is posed before us this morning: ers, in discussing this false dichotomy that not whether we condemn apartheid-because I think has been set up between morality into the RECORD the speech of our Gov I do not think any speaker, if he believed in and law-because no law lasts which is not ernment delegate, the Honorable George i"!i, would have the nerve, in 1963, to take any fixed on a moral basis-one of the speakers L-P. Weaver: forum and seek to defend racial discrimina made a statement that we are not bound by I recognize the fact that this has been tion and particularly a system as bestial as the law; and I hope that I heard it incor a long and at times impassioned debate, apartheid is, so this is not the central issue- rectly. The implications are that we are the one that I believe quite often has strayed but the issue is how do we go about remov law, and there have been more societies de from the central question and the central ing this scourge from international life? stroyed on this theory than on any other points at issue. How do we best go about it? I know. We must establish, if we hope for I remarked that at the outset each speak I would suggest and submit to the dele continuity of the work in which we are en er during this long debate has seen fit (and gates that the best course of action that has gaged, a society of laws, not of men-I speak been suggested here is that which was out as one who was part of a group that has I think properly so) to state his position lined by the Director-General and an at on one of the central issues, and I think tempt to implement which was sought by deliberately used the law as an instrument the context of this debate clearly illumi the distinguished Ambassador from Panama, and has developed it into an instrument of nates that there are two basic issues in speaking for the Latin American group. We social precision in terms of rectifying age volved. There have been divergencies, as accomplish no positive purpose, we take no old injustices and terms of providing equality could normally be expected in an issue steps forward, by refusing to participate or of opportunity. The American Negro has which has within itself the possibilities for by tying up the business of this Organiza _gone to the Supreme Court in the United so much passion. We have listened to ob tion, an Organization to which we all sub States 38 times and has been victorious 32 servations that are familiar to this rostrum, scribe, an Organization which we all believe times and each of those victories established to this house, and to the delegates who are has the capacity to take a step forward in another stone in the foundation of the climax regular attendants at the Conference-is attaining this objective in which we all be ·that you read about and we are experiencing sues that really have no place in a debate lieve. We cannot do that by withdrawing. in the United States · every day. I repeat, as serious as this, and one that runs to the We can only do it by, collectively, continually they have developed that law is an instru heart of one of the basic reasons for the seeking new instruments and new weapons ment of social precision. This has been the ILO's existence. with which to do it, and I submit that we great protection. This has provided the I will join those speakers who at the out cannot do it by threatening another basic means and the instrument for orderly evolu set indicated their position on the question right. tion, or orderly revolution, whichever ·way of apartheid, and I will do it not only per The most effective instrument that we you want to describe it. sonally (I do not think I need any personal have discovered to define our position and I repeat that the central issue we have to attestation as to where I would stand on this take a proper course is that of freedom of decide here today-and· if we do not decide question) but I will also do it for my Gov speech. it today we shall have to decide it tomorrow, ernment. My Government's repugnance to I have a dual obligation to protest, deeply, because we shall meet it again-is how we the policy ·or apartheid has been set forth almost bitterly, against one section of the can devise the means and the technique of 1n several appropriate forums. We em declaration that has been referred to. I advancing this cause of eliminating from the phatically maintained this position when feel almost equally strongly on the previous family of nations, from among decent 'peo the central core of the matter was debated one, because I think any implication that ple, the bestial system of apartheid;· wliat 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORp - _ HOUSE 11827 tools, what techniques, we can devise collec are not truly fre~ workers or free employ The schism which has erupted during this tively in order to achieve this goal dispas ers but who are in fac'!; -~gen~ of their gov 47th Conference 1s not the first instance of sionately and without rancor toward one erhments have been given places on com planned propaganda confusion which they another. _That is the challenge which is be mittees with the tight tp vote. The records have generated at the ILO, albeit it the most fore us, a challenge with which this.house is qf every technical committee and indeed dramatic. not. unfamiliar, a challenge that must be met the records of plenary sessions are full of The Director General made it patently by democratic procedures. In my first year evidence that these so-called workers and clear that the primary issue which had de in the ILO, at my first conference, this house so-called employers vote only as do their veloped was freedom of speech and the was wracked by an issue as deeply passion governments on vital matters because they orderly process of organizational law. ate, as deeply emotional, as this one. It are government agerits. This destroys tri As a free American employer I would was the first year that the Hungarian creden partism and unbalances the relationship and shall-support orderly procedures to tials were challenged. That issue was re between workers and employers on the one Wipe out legalized discrimination, but I shall solved; it was resolved on democratic prin hand and governments on the other. The always oppose organized movements to cir ciples by staying within the confines of our so-called employer from the U.S.S.R. in his cumvent established rules and laws which constitution and by respecting that con speech admitted state control of employers. are the product of the total conference. stitution, and in this way it became not only The appeals board should be abolished and It is indeed, ironic that the Socialist a stronger but a more living document. genuine group autonomy reestablished. totalitarian bloc should advocate nonlegal That is the challenge before us here today When the ILO was first established, there procedures. In the countries under their and we can only meet that challenge through was a genuine need for a world organization iron control, no segment of population is a scrupulous regard for democratic principles, which would promote sound labor-manage permitted to challenge the supremacy of the not by walking away from the struggle. ment relations, develop programs by which state and the laws of the state. nations would improve the wages, working I wish to make it crystal clear that I am Mr. Speaker, I believe that the Mem conditions, and living standards of workers in sympathy with the African nations, their bers of this House would be interested in and their families and provide a forum problems and objectives. However, i can the speech of our employer-delegate, through which labor, employers, and gov not be in sympathy With the use by any one Mr. Richard Wagner. At a later date I ernments might exchange mutually benefi of methods which destroy not only the ability will introduce the remarks of Mr. Ru cial experience on social problems. of the ILO to eradicate discrimination or to The purposes and objectives of the ILO support other basic principles of human dolph Faupl, the worker's delegate. were inherently sound at the time of its in Mr. Wagner's remarks follow. rights for which the ILO stands, but which ception and for more than a quarter century would destroy the ILO itself. Mr. President, ladies, and gentlemen, the thereafter. The essential purposes and ob A£. to routine matters of procedures which Director General's report states that we must jectives are sound in today's world, if the have been discussed a.t this conference, I assess the future role and programs of the Organization pursued only these purposes have the following comments: !LO. and objectives. A number of speakers, principally from The unhappy events of the past weeks The emergence of many new nations, with the totalitarian countries have advocated point up forcefully the major failing of this virtually no experience in handling their own divesting the governing body of some powers Organization. It has not faced up to the economic and social problems, creates a new and vesting them 1n the Conference. One necessity of maintaining its basic principles. need which the ILO should be serving. speaker said technical assistance programs Those principles are admirably stated in The deplorable fact, however, has been should be the responsibility of the Confer the Declaration of Philadelphia. The Di that, in the face of its new found challenges ence and not the office. Another speaker rector General in his report says in effect and opportunities for effective service, the proposed that the governing body should that these concern free labor, free employers, ILO has been diverted by the Eastern Eu not arrange the COnference agenda. That social justice, and economic development. ropean nations from its original purposes and body, he said, could make suggestions but In addition, there have been resounding has essentially degenerated into a cold war the agenda should be established by the declarations on human rights, freedom of forum and an instrumentality for political Conference. I submit, honorable delegates, association, on freedom from discrimination propaganda. that such proposals are completely imprac and on the elimination of forced labor and I protested at last year's conference and tical. The Conference 1s composed of dele a number of other worthy objectives. But again at the Asian Regional Conference gates attending once a year, many of whom until now this Organization has closed its against the use of this platform for such come only to one such session. Therefore, eyes to the necessity of fighting for and pro propaganda purposes. I had hoped that this the Conference has no continuity and must tecting these pri ciples of human freedom. year's conference would witness an objective entrust the arranging of the ILO's many ac This is why we reached an impasse in con discussion of structural and program matters tivities to the governing body, the members ducting this conference. Like practically without the same old propaganda cliches. of which serve for a minimum of 3 years, everyone here I am opposed to racial dis But we have heard much more of the same. weighing not only programs, agendas, special crimination. But this is not the only ques They accuse my country of blocking dis activities, etc., but also considering budg tion on which we must concern ourselves. armament, cessation of nuclear testing-they etary proposals relating to all of these mat We must insist on the elimination of re rant against colonialism. Do they think you do not know that they themselves are the ters. Surely with 48 titular members and pression of freedom of association, the a like number of deputies, the delegates repression of free speech, and forced labor ones who are guilty of these practices? They come to this platform pretending to be must have full confidence in the dedication wherever these practices are condoned or and understanding these persons bring to sanctioned by legislative edict or monolithic champions of human rights and human free doms-when they withdraw the foreign ILO matters. This should be particula.rly governments. Until and unless we find a so With the welcome addition of the new way to make all of these practices where troops from Hungary and remove the wall in East Berlin, we may have less question about members in the governing body. To have condoned by the force of laws or general just increased the governing body member practice, a mandatory basis for invalidation their sincerity. They mention Alabama but not attacks upon Africans in Prague and ship and at the same time propose limiting of credentials, this Organization will experi the governing body's authority does seem ence crisis after crisis. other racist incident in Moscow. Free speech is one of the cornerstones of all human free inconsistent. The free employers have in the past un dom. The Communists not only do not pe:F One section of the Director General's re dertaken to bring to your attention the im mit it but anyone who voices an opinion port which I consider most important is his portance of these matters and the necessity which is not acceptable to the state receives discussion of human rights and economic de for action. They failed to receive support prison terms or worse. It is a shameful trav velopment. I regret that this has been re or consideration for their position. Chaos esty that these people from the totalitarian ferred to only by a few speakers. I believe is the result. bloc stand on this platform and profess that future policies and programs of the ILO The forthright position of the ILO on dedication to human rights and basic free should give a great deal of attention to this these fundamental principles is well known, dom while they continue to enslave whole subject. and it is high time that nations which do nations under their own vicious form of At the Asian Regional Conference on Eco not conform to them should either with colonialism. I am quite sure that you are nomic Development some speakers from de draw from this Organization or be relegated not misled by the smokescreen that the Gov veloping nations commenting on their prob to the status of observers. ernment Vice President of the Conference lems said: There is another unresolved matter which tried to pull over our eyes on Friday. The 1. They need more financial assistance will sooner or later result in another crisis. fact stands out clearly that he had no logical from industrial nations. That is the gradual breakdown of true explanation for his stand in rejecting the 2. That they lack capital. representative tripartism. This began resolutions which were a matter of urgency. 3. That their material resources are not when the worker group and the employer It is evident that the Communist bloc pur adequate. The fact is, however, that their group were deprived of complete group au sues the policy and practice of creating chaos needs cannot be adequately satisfied by as tonomy through the mockery called the and confusion and division in every inter sistance from developed nations. There appeals board. While this procedure is not national body, includini our own ILO. simply 1s not enough combined means in all sanctioned by the constitution, people who They have no regard for logic and truth. of the major industrial nations to provide 11828 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 27 satisfactory living standards for the nations The challenge of this 47th Conference is cost. Most assuredly C that cost should of the world who have so little and need so to strengthen and revitalize ILO procedur~ not include the jobs of the American much. and organizational methods so that its full Some of these nations do have resources membership shall be required to collaborate workingman. which have not been utilized adequately. upon solving economic .and social problems, I come from ·a battleground-an inter This ls :so in ·a number of instances because generating economic growth, raising stand national one. Words wer,e the weapons of the lack of environment whlch would ac-· ards of living and preserving or, in many used. The true words of the free nations tivate such domestic capital as is possessed. cases, reviving freedom of association for of the world whose only concern was the by their own nationals--an environment workers and for employers. welfare of the industrialists an:d work which would attract private investment from If this conference does not produce ef men as opposed to those of the Commu other nations. The creation of a proper en fective standards of procedure and refocus nist bloc who would return man to vironment would help to promote economic the direction of the organization's services, development and provide increasing job op the !LO will most surely disintegrate from slavery. I would propose that other portunities. the explosion of those internal political Members of this Congress should attend Every nation has human resources. But forces which are now tearing it apart. other international conferences, not only these too must be cultivated and developed. to safeguard our interest but to show all Technical assistance-vocational training, Mr. Speaker, before attending this nations our Congress• :solicitude with the education in skills. both worker, and man conf.erence at Geneva, I was of the opin affairs of the world. agerial, are prime requisites to economic de ion that the workmen of our country had Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, will the gen velopment. Educatlon brings self-reliance advantages not enjoyed by the laboring tleman yield? and that brings lnttiative and ingenuity and man of other nations. I knew that the the product of these is growth and oppor Members of this Congress had great con Mr. AYRES. I yield to the gentleman tunity. At :first this process ls gradual, but cern with his every existing problem. from Missouri. it pyramids rapidly as progress is made. Having served on the Education and Mr. HALL. I should first like to com That progress cannot be gained by edict- Labor Committee of this House of Rep pliment the gentleman from Ohio on not it comes through unleashing the latent ca only representing us as an adviser to pacities of people. The ILO can do much resentatives for many years, I know that to assist in this cultivation and development we shall make even greater progress in this subordinate organization of the of human resources. the future. Our standards are high and United Nations but particularly for go From the wealth of ideas expressed here this is just. Justice to all, is ever our ing in the status of a representative of one thing stands out above all others: A goal. this body and not our Department of majority of the people who attend ILO con I have concern, Mr. Speaker, that in State. ferences sincerely advocate policies which I, too, have been vitally interested in wm protect human rights and promote eco ternational affairs are having an effect on our workmen. Certainly, I believe various of the subordinate organizations nomic progress for men and women every of the United Nations. I recall that I where. We want better standards of living, that we must provide those safeguards freedom from discrimination, opportunities that would protect not only his income made a similar report on the World for education and economic development. but his job as well. As a Member of Health Assembly here a year ago. Fur The dedication, which most of you have Congress representing an industrial dis ther, I have reported to this body on shown toward these objectives, ls a long trict, I am heedful of the job of every many occasions about the relation that step toward realization of them. That dedi workingman. Too, I am worried at the our State Department and our country cation 1;peaks eloquently of the high pur ever growing list of the unemployed. have to the special and voluntary funds poses of the majority of the delegates. The of the United Nations. fact is that most of the leaders in my coun With this in mind, I took the opportunity try whether they be in business, labor, or of looking first hand at the European If I understood the gentleman cor government come from humble beginnings, Common Market. Certainly, we should rectly, we are contributing over 27 per and they are fully aware of the struggles watch its every action that might affect cent in the past 2 years of the total funds our Nation had in its beginnings when it our citizenry. used by the International Labor Orga achieved its independence. Therefore, we Mr. Speaker, the potential of the In nization of the United Nations. feel kinship with the young nations of the ternational Labor Organization as an in Mr. AYRES. We have contributed world who have so recently attained their over 25 percent of the total budget di independence. strument of international good will is It was stated from this rostrum by a large. We have seen it reach the brink rectly and, of course, indirectly the State speaker from Eastern Europe that the Dec of disaster. While its potential of good Department and Labor also have con laration of Phlladelphla adopted almost will is large, recent events have shown tributed funds. 20 years ago was all right for that time,. that it also carries the seeds of its own Mr. HALL. Does the gentleman have but that !aced with .a changing world it destruction. I feel that th-ese events any information about the contributions needs revision. It is true we have had many foreshadow another crisis for its parent of the Communist-bloc countries as to changes in the world-technological, in com the same percentages, and whether or munications, in speed of travel, and in the organization-the United Nations. The establishment of new, free, independent International Labor Organization, with not they have increased proportionately nations. But may I remind you, that the its government, employer, and worker to ours since the inception of the Inter Declaration of Philadelphia declares age-old delegations from 108 nations can be a national Labor Organization? principles of freedom which are fully ap constructive force . . I would say, how Mr. AYRES. No. they have not. In plicable in today's world of rapid change. ever, that I can see no justification for fact, the entire Communist bloc con These are not idle words adapted to shades our support of a Communist propaganda tributes less than 12 percent of the total of meaning and interpretation. They ex press the desires of the emerging nations of forum. operation. We are contributing more the .entire world. ·They represent aspira As I have stated earlier, the delega than twice the amount the Communist tions of human beings everywhere. They tion representing the United States con bloc contributes. It is also well to have reject the idea that people must be molded sisted of many most able men from em in mind that we have only our vote. into a pattern of conformity and controlled. ployer and workmen organizations. I whereas the Communist bloc has several thought. They reject the idea that individ know that they will have gathered many votes. ual desires, ambitions, decisions and ac important thoughts about our Position. Mr. HALL. The ,gentleman means tions must be forcibly submerged and that people must respond only as puppets on a Therefore I have proposed to the chair that our great State ·of Texas does not etring to entrenched totalitarian authority. man of the Education and Labor Com have separate representation on the In These principles are positlve-not negative. mittee that we call .some of them before ternational Labor Organization? The faults and weaknesses of the ILO us that we might give serious review to Mr. AYRES. No. pertain not to these essential principles but our position in the international labor Mr. HALL. I thank the gentleman to the Machiavelian termites who for years market, and our continuance as a mem very much. This I have also found in have used their .membership to undermine ber of the International Labor Organiza the special and voluntary funds of the the true purposes and effective services .of the Organization. tion as now constructed. United Nations. I think it is time we The n.o was nQt conceived and established Our international problems are many took a good look or had an audit in this as a world forum .!or ideological warfare. and critic~ I would aid those friendly connection. The ILO cannot .survive as a f<>rUDl for nations who are in dire need but I be- I was especially interested in a further ideological warfare. 1ieve that we must constantly. w.eigh the remark of .the gentleman as we relate 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. I:IOUSE 11829 one of the subordinate organizations of Mr. BOW. I think my colleague, the United States and critical of our form of the United Nations to others, and some gentleman from Ohio, has made a great government and dealt in propaganda times very effective organizations. First, contribution here today in his report that were downright lies. his statement about the Russian group on this organization, one which the Mr. BOW. If the gentleman will yield using this as a sounding board for propa Committee on Appropriations has been further, was anything said at all in these ganda, a forum, even though they did concerned about for soine time. May conversations about the lopsided em not find cause for collateral discussion I inquire of the gentleman if he found ployment of people in the ILO where we the relationship between our workers any reason why the contribution of the are making the greatest contribution and representatives of employers and United States should be increased by $1 and some of the other countries making theirs, and our Government and theirs. million this year? much smaller contributions have most of If, indeed, this happens, are we not, as Mr. AYRES. The gentleman refers the employment of the people who are the gentleman very well said, simply to the contribution which starts with in the ILO? supporting this primarily in a lopsided action in this Chamber? Was there any discussion of that percentage as a sounding board for Com Mr. BOW. That is correct. matter? munist propaganda? Mr. AYRES. No, I see no reason why Mr. AYRES. That was not discussed. Mr. AYRES. The gentleman is abso it should be increased. As I have stated, In fact, I was left with the impression lutely correct. And that was what unless we can get a review as to what that those countries which are the bene prompted me to suggest to the chair is expected in the future, I would be for ficiaries of our appropriations are not too man of the Committee on Education and cutting the budget even to the point appreciative. Labor that this entire operation be re where, if they continue to use this as a Mr. BOW. Mr. Speaker, if the gentle viewed by the Congress. Because if we Communist propaganda forum, that we man would yield further, I should like are to continue to provide funds to give withdraw funds completely. to ask unanimous consent that with my the Communists a propaganda forum, Mr. BOW. Let me ask the gentleman colloquy with the gentleman from Ohio then we are not living up to our duties this question, a few days ago when some I be permitted to insert in the RECORD a here as Members of the Congress ar:d attempt was made to recover for the table showing the assessments of the Representatives of the American people. United States money owed to the United various countries for the year 1963 and Mr. HALL. I would simply submit States from the United Nations some of also showing the uncollected payments that when the gentleman gets into this these contributions which they owe us, investigation a little further, he will find the statement was made that if we re by other countries in 1963 as well as a there is no built-in mechanism within duced this or recovered any of it, we list of employment, by countries. the United Nations itself to provide a would wreck the United Nations and we The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. self-audit of its own funds, regardless of would be playing into the hands of the LIBONATI). Is there objection to the re the source from whence they come. I Communists. Does the gentleman be quest of the gentleman from Ohio? think this is all the more reason why lieve that if a realistic cut was made in There was no objection. either the Congress should insist that this that we would wreck the United The matters referred to fallow: the U.N. do this or our State Depart Nations or that we would be playing into INTERNATIONAL LABOR 0RGANIZA TION ment-or the Department of Labor in the hands of the Communists? Budget for the calendar year 1963 this particular instance, involving the Mr. AYRES. I do not think we would I. Ordinary budget: ILO, should insist on the same thing be be playing into the hands of the Com Session of the conference fore we open up our purse further vis-a munists by taking away their propa and other conferences__ $898, 827 vis the lack of support of the Communist ganda forum. In fact, the gentleman Salaries and wages______6,646,445 bloc nations. from Ohio who is well versed in these Travel and removal ex- Mr. AYRES. I am hopeful, I will say appropriation matters would have been penses------·------ 694,890 to the gentleman from Missouri, with very much concerned, as was I, had he Representationtality______and hospi- _ other representatives as we have such as seen the demonstration that was put 42,000 . Propertynance ______account mainte- _ Mr. Rudy Faupl, Mr. Wagner, Mr. on by African nations inspired by the 380,053 Weaver, and Mr. Delaney and all of the Communist bloc. Printing ______209,357 advisers for the workers headed by Mr. It was at this point that the Commu General office expenses ___ _ 280,500 Meany, president of the AFL-CIO, I am nists showed their real strength in at Common staff costs ______804,228 confident they will have constructive sug tempting to maneuver these less edu Unpaid liabilities______1,000 gestions to offer to the Congress because cated persons into their orbit. Also, it External audit costs ______10,284 they were concerned about the operation was at this point that the Communists Special interorganization studies ______15,000 at this last meeting, in my judgment had prearranged, over Surveys: Mr. HALL. I join the gentleman from a period of time, to have Mr. Sergei Factual survey relating Ohio in hoping that this can be done. Aleksandrovich Slipchenko ascend to the to freedom of associa- I hope the chairman of the committee presidency of the organization after tion ______.______35,000 of this House; the Committee on Educa President Johnson, of Nigeria, resigned Action as regards dis- tion and Labor sanctions and brings to walk out with the African bloc. So crimination ______22,848 about early hearings with these people. the latter part of the conference was · Contributions to extra budgetary programs ___ _ 340,500 I happen to be a personal friend of Mr. controlled by a Communist sitting in the Branch offices and corre- Dick Wagner, of Chicago. I know he chair. This had been prearranged by spondents ______627,749 has traveled around the world for the the Communist maneuver. Public information ______82, 500 past year speaking on these specific ques Mr. BOW. Would the gentleman tell Operational activities ____ _ 1,279,000 tions, and I am sure, as you have well the Members of the House whether or Internships and career said, that he was an able representative not during the sessions of the conference trainee programs ______68, 500 Furniture and equipment_ on your delegation. Again, let me thank there was any question raised about the Library______157,500 46,000 the gentleman for what he has brought uncollected contributions by countries Building and other capital to us and to thank him ,for this complete participating in the ILO but which coun expenditures ______57,791 report. tries have not· been paying their dues to I further associate myself with the the ILO? Was there any discussion as Total,pt.I______12,699,922 thought that more of the representatives to whether they should pay their bills or II. Pension funds______1, 285, 584 should visit these organizations and see not? III. Working capital fund______- 241, 702 IV. Facilities in additional lan- how the U .N. functions. It is a good Mr. AYRES. That point was not dis guages______350,626 hope for survival. I thank the gentle cussed at all. In fact, during the major man. speeches in the plenary session the bulk Gross expenditure budget_ 14,577,834 Mr. BOW. Mr. Speaker, will the gen of the conversation was made by those Less miscellaneous income__ -571, 000 tleman yield? countries who are delinquent, and the Mr. AYRES. I yield to the gentleman. talks that they made were critical of the Gross assessment budget_ 14, 006, 834 11830 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 27 INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION Contributions statern,ent as of Sept. .SO, 1962, for the organiza tion's calendar years 1957-61 1-Continued Distribution of staff by nationalities as of Sept. 30, 1962 1 UNCOLLECTED CONTRIBUTIONS Country , Number , Percent Country Calendar Calendar Calendar Calendar Calendar Total Argentina______' year 1957 year 1958 year 1959 year 1960 year 1961 Australia ______8 1.83 Austria ______6 1.37 Argentina______, ______$120,956 10 2.29 $149,828 ' .$270, 784 Belgium ______--______-_- _- ______------10 2.29 Bolivia______$9,141 ______10,805 11,829 31,775 Boll via _____ -----·- ______Chile ______------35,265 2 .46 Congo (Brazzaville)______1,535 35,265 5 1.15 Costa Rica ______11,829 13,364 l .23 Ecuador ______, 711 1,732 1,732 !~i~\ia===:Canada ______:::_ :______: : : : =::: ==: === =:::: =:: :: ::= =____=: = =______==: == ==: === :_ i 1 .23 Guatemala ______10,506 11, 217 14 3.21 11,755 11,755 Ceylon ______------Haiti ______---- Chile ______1 .23 Honduras ______------' 11,829 ll,,829 5 1.15 Hungary ______11,755 11,755 China ______-_------4 . 92 41,143 41, 143 2 .46 Mauritania ______------______------16,319 6,319 gg~;~oopoldville) ______, 1 . 23 Panama______, ______------ll,755 ll, 755 Costa Rica ______1 .23 P araguay______9,568 $9,568 $10,236 il0,805 11,829 52,006 Cuba ______. ______Philippines______------36,245 Czechoslovakia ______: 4 ' .92 Syria ______~6,245 1 .23 Uruguay______2,029 2,.029 Denmark ______2 .46 3,500 3, 500 Dominican Republic______1 .'23 Ecuador ______1 .23 Total ______' 18,709 ~ 10,236 144,812 369,148 552,473 Ethiopia______1 ' .23 El Salvador ______------1 .23 Finland______-·- - ______1 1 2 .46 Contributions due prior to 1957; Bolivia, $20,785 (1953--56); China, $243,463 (!1952-53); Fnlnce ______66 15.13 Hungary, $33,034 (1953); Paraguay, $25,621 (1920-37, 1956); Spain,, $38,750 (1937-41). 21 4. 81 Guatemala______3 .69 g~y======~======· 1 .23 Scale of assessments for calendar year 1963 Haiti ______1 1 .23 Iceland__ ___ ------·------i 1 .23 India ______13 2. 98 Indonesia______1 .23 Country .Percent .Amount IranIreland ______------______1 .23 5 1.15 0.12 Israel ______------1 .23 .Albania.Afghanistan______-_-__--_____------______------____------___ ---_------______------_ $16,808 10 ATgentina ______.12 16,808 Italy __ ------__ ------2.29 1 1. Japan ______, 6 1.37 Australia ______1 41 197,497 1 .23 Austria ______1.85 259,127 Jordan · ______------, .35 49,024 Lebanon______3 0.69 Belgium ______-_------__- _-- ---_- _-- -______- Luxembourg______1 1. 37 191,894 Malaya______.23 Bolvia_ -_- ____ --_------.12 16,808 1 ' .23 l.'37 BraziL ______------1. 37 191,894 Mexico ____ --__ ------16 Bulgaria-______------.19 26,613 Morocco ______------1 .'23 Burma ______Netherlands ______------5 1.15 Byelorussian S.R.R______.14 19,610 New Zealand ______Cameroun ______.45 '63,031 3 .69 .12 $16,814 Norway __ ------'2 .46 Canada ______------___ -· Pakistan______------ti 1.15 Central African Republic.. ___ : ______, 3.39 47~ 808 Panama ______- ______-, 1 .23 Ceylon ______.12 16,808 Paraguay ____ ~- ______1 • 12 16,808 Peru______, 1 .23 Chad ______------_------_- ___ - ___ - .12 16,808 2 .46 Chile ______------· ______.34 1 .23 China ______47,632 3 Colombia ______· ____ _ 2.04 285,708 ~~~cf1nes======::::::::=::::=::::=:=::::::::::::=:::===· .69 .38 53 208 2 .46 Congo (Brazzaville) ______------.12 rn;808 ~=~~=::::::::::::::=:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::, il . 23 gg~oi\t:~poldville) ____ _--- ______------______, .12 SenegaL ______.23 16,823 Sierra Leone______-·----______} I Cuba ______.12 16,840 Spain______.23 .30 13 2.98 42,-026 Sweden______. 1. 37 Cyprus _____ --______- --_------.12 16,808 Switrerland ______6 Czechoslovakia ______------_ .92 128, 808 42 9.63 Dahomey______----. __ Denmark ______· ____ _ .12 16,808 1 .23 . 72 100,821 ~:-~======.::::::::::::::::::=::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 .23 Dominican Republic ______.12 1 .23 16,808 ~!~r South Africa ______! El Salvador _____ ------.12 16,863 '2 .46 Ecuador ______· ------.12 16,808 2 .46 Ethiopia______. .12 16,849 ~~YA.rab Republic______3 ! ' .69 • .30 4i,oo8 United Kingdom ______------·- 63 14.45 F.inland ______------United States______GabonFrance______------_____----_-____---_-_--_-_____------__ __---_____------__ -_ 6.09 853,008 33 7.57 .12 16,808 Uruguay ______------2 ' .46 Germany ( Federal Republic) ______4.3t 607,808 U.s.s.R_ ------· ______6 1. 37 Ghana______--___ ------.12 16,821 1 .23 1Greece ______------' .21 ~~:::Via_-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1 1 .23 29,416 Stateless ______.12 16, 808 4 .92 i~::a1a_::=:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::=::::::::::::1 .12 16,897 J-----1-- Haiti ______------·------.12 !1.6,808 'Total __ ------436 100.00 Honduras______· ---· ·------.12 16,808 Hungary______------.42 58,829 Iceland ______- __ ------. 12 ' 16,808 1 Internationally recruited. There are also 631 in the locally recruited category. 3.04 425,, 808 ~:Pci~esm_:=:::: :::::::::::: ::::::: ::::: .:::::: ::: :: ::::= :=:' .43 60,230 Contributions statement as of Sept. 30, 1962, for the organization's Iran ______------.28 39,'219 1 Iraq_ ------.12 16,808 calendar :years 1957-61 Iceland ______------. '24 33, 617 IsraeL ______- - _____ ------. 12 16,808 SUMMARY Italy_____ ------2.37 331,962 Ivory Coast ______- _- - _------.12 16,808 2 . .00 280,137 Calendar year Total due Amount Percent Balance 1 iKuwait ~f~::=:::: _____ .______:: :: : : ::: · :::::=::::::::::=::::::::::=:::::::: _ .12 . 16,808 received receive.d due .12 16,808 Lebanon______Liberia ______.12 16,808 .12 16,808 g,i_ 75 $18,709 Libya______1957 ------$7,617, 708 $7,598,999 Luxembourg ______.12 16,808 1958______7, 972, 901 7,963,333 99.88 , 9,'568 .12 16,808 1959______8,529,857 8,519,621 '99.88 il.O, 236 .12 16,808 196() ______------ii, 003, 009 1 8,.859, 097 98.39 144,812 . 21 29,414 196L______10,054,660 9,685, 512 96.33 369,148 ~!1a1~car-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::'. 1 Mali. ______------·- .12 ' 16,808 Mauritania______----____ ------.12 16,808 1963 ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 11831 Beale of oHUIMem• for ca1ffl4ar ~etir 1968-Continuecl Counvy Percent Amount Mexico ______------0.76 $106,452 Sudan ______' ------0.12 $16,808 Morocco ______.u 19,610 Sweden.. ______· ------1. 62 226,911 Netherlands______Switzerland______New Zealand ______1.15 161,079 1.29 180,688 .48 67,233 Syria..______.12 16,808 .12 16,808 Tanganyika__ ------.12 16,808 ~~~a::::::=:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::·:::: . .12 16,808 Thailand __ ------· _. ------• 20 28,014 .21 ~i~~~y :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.::::::::: ::: .52. ~ g: :f:~sia::::::::::::::::::::::_. ::::::=:::::::::::::::::::.=:: :~i ~~; :: .61 85,442 Turkey______·------·· ______• 71 00;, 449. :PanamaPakistan ______.... __ ------_------16,808 Ukranian S.S.R______l. 00 140, 069 Paraguay ______.12 Peru______---__ _ • 1.2 16, 808 U.S.S.R. ------10. 00 J, 4(1(), 684 .18 25,212 United Arab Republic______. 38 53,226 . 'irl 51,825 Unit.ed Kingdom______9. 36 1, 3ll, 040 ~~I~J'mes::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1.24 173,685 United States______U ~OO 3,501,709 PortugaL ______----____ . ------.28 39,219 Upper Volta..______.12 16,808 Romania ______--_------.45 63,031 Uruguay______· ------.17 23,812 Senegal ______------_------.12 16,808 Venezuela ___ ------. 50 70,034 Sierra Leone ______----_ ------.12 16,808 Vietnam______• 21 29,414 Samolla______------.12 16,808 Yugosl&via ------·------• ---~------. 40 &6,027 SouthSpain_ Africa,______Republic oL ______.79 110,654 i-----~---- 1.07 H9, 873 100. 00 14, GC11. 8M Mr. BOW. I thank the gentleman. Mr. Speaker. I have enjoyed hearing FABLEY Mr. AYRES. I thank the gentleman the gentleman. and I commend the gen James .A. Farley. one of the chief archi from Ohio for his contribution. tleman for a very fine statement. tects of President Roosevelt's first two presi Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. Mr. Speaker, Mr. AYRES. I thank the gentleman dential election victories, was 75 years old yesterday. will the gentleman yield? from Washington. As I said in my re Mr. AYRES. I yield to the gentleman Mr. Parley, who has not entirely relin marks, I hope the House in its wisdom quished his interest in political affairs, 1s from New Jersey [Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN), will see fit to have representatives from· head of Coca-Cola Export Corp., with offices the ranking member of the Committee this body attend all of these interna in New York City. on Education and Labor. tional conferences. There is no way in Mr. Parley was one of two or three men Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. Mr. Speaker, which one can get the exact information, who led the campaign of Governor Roo I too would like to compliment the gen that one can get the feel of what the sevelt's nomination for President in the 1932 tleman from Ohio [Mr. AYRES] for a Communists are doing throughout the Chicago convention. Both suave and indus provocative and thoughtful presenta world, other than to be there and wit trious, he made many pilgrimages into the a States in Governor Rooseve1t•s behalf espe tion of problem which should be of real ness their operations first hand. They cially into the smaller electoral vote States concern to us all. As a member of the are clever. We are in a fight, and we had of the West. Before the Nation hardly knew Committee on Education and Labor, I better be there to see what is going on what was going on he had many of them thoroughly agree with the gentleman and set up the rules so that we at least :firmly annexed to the Roosevelt campaign. from Ohio that this entire matter needs have the opportunity to refute their mis In the convention it developed when the to be reviewed. It does seem to me self representations in order that the weaker Roosevelt drive appeared stalled. short of evident that we should have a. current nations of the world will not be misled. victory. Mr. Parley wa.s credited With a lead evaluation of what the ILO is doing, how ing role in bringing a.bout the historic switch of the Ga.mer delegates from California and it is financed, what it means to us, and Texas to Roosevelt, resulting tn the latter's if it is being used unfairly against us. THE HONORABLE JAMES A. FARLEY nomination. Mr. Speaker. it is for that reason that Mr. CHELF. Mr. I ask unan After the convention Mr. Farley managed I hope we are able to make a review and Speaker, the Roosevelt campaign in the final election, have witnesses before us who can pro imous consent to address the House :for which was a soft snap, and got the customary vide us with their evaluation of this sit 1 minute. to revise and extend my re reward in being appointed Postmaster Gen uation. I hope this can be done at a marks, and to include an editorial eral. He was even more success:!Ul as head relatively early opportunity. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there of the party in the 1936 campaign, in which Mr. Speaker. the gentleman from Ohio objection to the request. of the gentleman the Democrats won in all but two States. [Mr. AYRESJ, is to be congratulated on from Kentucky? Soon thereafter relations between the two men. Roosevelt and Farley, cooled, and there bringing this matter before us today. There was no objection. was a link suspected between Farley and the Mr. AYRES. I thank the gentleman Mr. CHELF. Mr. Speaker, I have al presidential ambitions of Vice President from New Jersey. ways admired and highly respected that Garner in 1940, which got nowhere. Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, will the genial, lovable, capable, sincere, astute, Of all the principal figures or the memora gentleman yield? honest and dedicated public servant, the ble 1932 convention in Chicago Farley and Mr. AYRES. I yield to the gentleman Honorable James A. Farley. Inasmuch Garner are the only two who are living. from Washington. as my good friend, of many long years Gone a.re P1·esldent Roosevelt, Govel'nor Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, I have lis has recently celebrated his 75th birth Smith, Gov. Albert Ritchie, of Maryland; tened to the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. day, I would not only like to congratulate Secretary Newton D. Baker, of Ohio; Sena.tor AYRES] with great interest. I may say, him and wish him another 75 years of Walsh, or Montana, and former Secretary in all frankness, I have learned a great good health and good fortune, but to in William C. McAdoo. deal from the statements which the gen clude herein with my remarks an edi tleman has made here today. Often I torial written by my dear friend "Billy" think, Mr. Speaker, the public is critical Mariott, editor of that splendid newspa PANAMA CANAL ZONE of Members of Congress who travel per, the Elizabethtown News. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under even, I might say in my own case, I have looked askance at sending Members Mr. Speaker, it pleases me greatly previous order of the House, the gen abroad to attend meetings of this sort. that this fine little country newspaper tleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. FLoo»J But I can only express my view today, is located in my old home county of Har is recognized for 60 minutes. Mr. Speaker, that if Members would be din which is a part of the Fourth Ken Mr. FLOOD. ;Mr; Speaker,· I ask as conscientious as the gentleman from tucky District that I have the honor to unanimous consent to revise and extend Ohio and report as promptly and in such represent, the place of my birth where my remarks ·and include a series of news detail, it is my opinion that much of this "the salt of the earth" people live and paper articles and magazine articles on criticism would disappear. have their being. the subject of Panama. 11832 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 27 The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there President Chiari is pressing strenuously Third. Use of Panama postage stamps objection to the request of the gentleman for some form of dramatic and immedi in the "U.S.-occupied Panama Canal from Pennsylvania? ate concession by the United States to Zone." There was no objection. Panama as regards the Panama Canal. Fourth. Turning over certain pier and CRISIS IN CANAL ZONE: PANAMANIAN Why? The answer is obvious. He wishes dock installations at Colon and Balboa "ULTIMATUM" to dangle a newly wrung surrender by the to Panama. Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, in an ad United States before the Panamanian Fifth. Elimination of commercial and dress to this body on April 9, 1963, I electorate which will enable him to elect industrial activities in the Canal Zone. dealt at length with the grave crisis that the candidate of his choice as his presi Sixth. Recognition of Spanish, along has been generated concerning-U.S. sov dential successor. Such a surrender by with English, as an official language of ereignty over our territorial possession our Government would undoubtedly have the zone. designated as the Panama Canal Zone. this effect. Hence the desperate drive Seventh. Opening up the Canal Zone Explaining that since the birth of free for it. to Panamanian farming and cattle proj d om parliamentary bodies have pre SOLIS-RUSK MEETING, APRIL 23, 1963 ects. served the just rights of nations The next move in the unfolding situa Eighth. Provision of free water to against the misuse of Executive power, tion did not take long to develop-a Panama. I stressed that the Congress in meeting working luncheon on April 23, 1963, in Ninth. Equal employment opPortuni its responsibilities as a separate and in Washington given by Secretary of State ties for Panamanians in the Canal Zone, dependent agency of our Government, Rusk. Though attended by Foreign with social security and other benefits, must save the Panama Canal. To this Minister Solis, Panama's Ambassador including provision for a binational end, I urge prompt action on House Con Guillermo Arango, U.S. Ambassador commission on labor. current Resolution 105, which was intro Farland, and State Department officials, More important, however, was the duced by the distinguished chairman ·or the people of the United States and their threat of "radical action" by Panama un the Committee on Appropriations [Mr. Congress were again kept in the dark as less its demands are met by the deadline CANNON] and is now under consideration to what took place. of mid-July or the present joint diplo in the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Before leaving Washington, Minister matic commission, previously mentioned, This resolution, which expresses the Solis left a memorandum outlining the is transformed into a body for the nego sense of the Congress, would clarify and pending Panamanian demands for Sec tiation of a new canal treaty. What this make definite the policy of our Govern retary Rusk, which was personally de "radical action" would be was not stated. ment concerning ·the question of U.S. livered to the Secretary on April 25 by Mr. Speaker, as far as I can learn, sovereignty over the Canal Zone and Ambassador Arango. He did not en the only information that the people of Panama Canal and thus end the un lighten our people as to its contents, nor the United States have had about the certainty that has been created. has the Secretary of State issued any doings of this secret meeting in the De In Panama, the significance of the in release with respect to the luncheon, the partment of State on April 23 and the dicated address was recognized in ban memorandum, or the "ultimatum." Panamanian "ultimatum" were newspa ner headlines in isthmian newspapers. Such denial of information, Mr. per dispatches from Panama, of which In the United States, so far as I have Speaker, calls for positive and protective two examples will be found in the present been able to ascertain, it was ignored by action by the cognizant committees of documentation. When the few crumbs all major newspapers, thereby leaving the_ Congress in defense of the Consti of news given in them to the people of our people in virtual ignorance of cru tution and the proper discharge of con our country are compared with what was .cial facts affecting their vital interests gressional duty. Whether the Depart disclosed in Panama, it is easy to see how on the isthmus and giving the influences ment of State so believes or not, the our interests at Panama are eroded. bent on destroying U.S. sovereignty over Congress of the United States, as previ Certainly the situation on the isthmus the Canal Zone an unguarded and ex ously stated, is an equal partner in our is one that requires immediate and ef clusive field in . which to advance their Government. Moreover, ·it. is charged fective action by the Congress. program of juridicial erosion. .Such with ultimate responsibility in national In these connections, lV[r. Speaker, I failure, Mr. Speaker, on the part of the and international policy. would emphasize again that the Canal major press of our country and the WASHINGTON SECRECY EXPOSED AT PANAMA Zone is not an "occupied area" in the Department of State, is deplorable. In contrast with the silence of the sense used in the isthmian propaganda, PANAMA THREATENS "RADICAL ACTION" press in our country about the Rusk but a territorial possession of the United Those who have followed the isthmian Solis meeting on April 23 and the "ulti States acquired constitutionally pursuant situation closely will recall that, follow matum," the press of Panama gave these to law and treaty. It is urgent that the ing the visit of President Chiari of matters extensive coverage, publishing status of the United States in the Canal Panama to the White House in June news stories with flaming front-page Zone accorded by treaty and maintained 1962, a joint United States-Panama headlines that originated in Washington by our country throughout its canal his Commission was designated to review as well as in Panama. tory be clarified and made definite by points of dissatisfaction in the relations The news stories published in isthmi the Congress, as provided in House Con between Panama and the United States. an papers show that the pending de current Resolution 105. In the past, our This commission is composed of four mands being pressed by the Ch1ari ad Government has been forthright in the persons, Foreign Minister Galileo Solis ministration include: assertion of this indispensable authority and Dr. Octavio Fabrega, representing First. Display of the Panamanian flag granted by solemn treaty agreement, but Panama; and Gov. Robert J. Fleming, on all U.S. military and naval stations in in recent years, it has been evasive, Jr., of the Canal Zone; and our Ambas the Canal Zone, and · at the same level cowardly, and, in practical effect, sub sador to Panama, Joseph S. Farland, with the flag of the United States; also versive. representing the United States. on all vessels in transit of the Panama CONGRESS MUST SAVE THE PANAMA CANAL The work of this body was discussed Canal. As to the Panamanian "ultimatum," by President Chiari with the President Second. Jurisdiction over a corridor such a threat by a small country that of the United States in March 1963 at the across the Pacific end of the Canal Zone grew out of the movement for the con San Jose, Costa Rica meeting. It was from Arraijan on the west bank of the struction of the Panama Canal is truly also discussed by Panamanian Planning canal to Panama City, consisting of the amazing, and would never be put forward Director David Samudio during early Thatcher Highway, the new Thatcher by Panama except for the pusillanimous April of this year in Managua, Nicara Ferry Bridge, and Fourth of July Ave attitude of our Government. The dan gua, with Director Teodoro Moscoso of nue; and another corridor across the ger, however, is real and cannot be dis the U.S. Alliance for Progress. During Atlantic end, the location yet to be de missed as a matter of no consequence, the latter conference, there was raised termined. Both corridors would be for our Government always assumes a for the first time a threat of "radical carved out of the Canal Zone territory passive role and fails to combat eff ec action" by Panama in what was described at the vital entrances of the canal and tively the excessive demands of Panama as a utense" meeting. What this "radi placed under foreign control-a condi with respect to the canal. cal action" was to consist of is not tion impracticable in peace and hazard The prolonged failure of our Govern known, but the discussion revealed that ous in war. ment, the Congress, and Executive to re- 1963 CONGRESSIONAL- RECORD - HOUSE 11833 affirm -our jUSt· and indispensable -rights great protective ·factor with respect to meet with officials of the economte section in the premises and Panama's preemp.:. the independence of all your nations. of the Department of State. Ba.mudio will review financial questions stemming from tory and wholly unjustified demands arid Should.the U'nited states cease-to main.. the operation of the Panama Canal· in Pana- propaganda therefore have had the un tain, operate, -and protect· the Panama manian territory. . . doubted effect of creating the image Canal, the Monroe Doctrine would in.:. The announcement of the forthcoming among all nations, especially in Latin deed be a dead document, as was re Washington meetings are in the midst of a America, of the United States as an cently and so brazenly proclaimed by statement by Dr. Octavio Fabrega that he autocratic yankee imperialism oblivious Soviet diplomats on American soil. If wants to withdraw from the present joint to the rights of Panama. Thus, to the the Monroe Doctrine is dead, then agents Panama-United- States Commission because south of us anti-American psychological of revolutionary communism will in o! discontent over the function of the Com mission. warfare in behalf of outrageous Pana evitably infiltrate the governments and Fabrega and Foreign Minister Solis repre manian claims is constantly being waged institutions of your countries and take sent Panama in the Commission appointed and in nowise opposed by our Govern over, however much you struggle to re last ·June by Presidents Chiari and Kennedy ment. This is destructive not only of main free. to review points of dissatisfaction in the re Western Hemispheric solidarity, but as In these general connections, Mr. lations between the two countries. The U.S. well of any successful operation of the Speaker, responsibility for recent diffi representatives are U.S. Ambassador Joseph Alliance for Progress. culties at Panama cannot be disasso S. Farland and Canal Zone Governor Robert J. Fleming, Jr. Both of them are in Wash As I have so often said, Mr. Speaker, ciated from the leading·personalities in.,. ington now. the only way to meet these unjustified volved. Our Ambassador to Panama, Fabrega said he understands tbat President demands is by forthright and publicly Joseph S. Farland, has outlived his use Chiari is planning to take radical action in announced declarations by our Govern fulness and should be removed from that the situation in a short time. He did not ment, the Congress, and Executive, that key post. The head of the Panama Canal elaborate. the solemn treaty obligations our coun Organization, which is a civil agency of Since the March meeting of the Presidents try assumed with respect to the Panama our Government, is an active career of o:f tbe United States, Panama, and Central America, in San Jose, Costa Rica. Pana Canal will be fully met. ficer of the Army, Maj. Gen. Robert J. manian officials have been voicing displeasure The Canal Zone is not analogous to a Fleming, Jr. In addition to the criti over tbe slowness of the discussions of the U.N. trust territory, but is exactly what cisms raised by me in my address of joint commission. the 1903 treaty provides-territory over April 9 as to his conduct, the explosive The question was raised by President which the United States has full and ex situation in the Caribbean demands that Chiari in his private meeting with President clusive sovereignty for the construction, he be promptly relieved and replaced by Kennedy in the Costa Rica capital. maintenance, operation, sanitation, and a civilian of business experience and ad The issue was pressed by Planning Di protection of the Panama Canal. Except ministrative capacity. The historic rea rector Samudio at a meeting early this month for such grant of sovereignty as an in sons for assigning only active Army engi in Managua, Nicaragua, with U.S. Alliance for Progress Director Teodoro Moscoso. Re ducement, our country would never have neers as Governors of this civil agency ports from the Nicaraguan capital at that undertaken the great and expensive task has long since passed and the time has time described the Samudio-Moscoso dis of building the Panama Canal at the cost come to complete the organizational cussions as "tense." ot our taxpayers and its subsequent modernization of the Panama Canal that It ls understood that at the Managua maintenance, operation, and protection. was started. in 1950 under President meeting the possibility of radical action by The current generation of Panamani Truman. Panama was raised for the first time. ans may be blinded by their nationalis Finally, Mr. Speaker, there is only one Now comes Dr. Fabrega's statement, car tic zeal and demagogic leadership, but way out of the dangerous situation now ried in yesterday"s edition of El Panama they must come to realize that should forming around the isthmus: the Con America, as follows: "I have expressed to President Chiarl my the United States ever leave the Canal gress must act to save the Panama Canal desire to withdraw from the Joint Commis Zone, Colombia, led by its radicals, will by forthright declarations of our historic sion which is reviewing relations between inevitably, if Soviet power permits, re and time-tested isthmian canal policy of Panama and the United States, to which assert and reestablish its former sov exclusive sovereign control of the Canal I was appointed by the President last June. ereignty over the entire isthmus, includ Zone with prompt adoption of House "My determination to resign fs due to my ing the Canal Zone. Also, I may add, if Concurrent Resolution 105. discontent with the functioning of that Cuba can be taken over by the Soviets The documentation on which my re Commission. I am satisfied neither with the with the aid or acquiescence of policy marks are primarily based, quoted at the results o! the Commission nor with the con elements in our Department of State and end of my remarks, is commended for ditions under which it has been operating. "The :fullness of the understanding be major news media, then U.S. control of study by all Members of the Congress tween the Presidents o! Panama and the the Panama Canal can likewise be liqui and of the loyal press, as an illustration United States notwithstanding, the Joint dated. The process of erosion of our of news suppression long current in our Commission has not been functioning as a rights, power, and authority must cease country about the explosive Panama high level commission, which was the name and the trend reversed, or we shall be Canal situation. This can be overcome applied to it by President Kennedy when he compelled to leave the isthmus. only by an aroused American people who appointed his representatives. In such event, Mr. Speaker, the Repub are being denied information of vital im "I have not found in the Commission a lic of Panama will become only a foot portance about the Panama Canal. propitious climate for the consideration of :fundamental reforms in the relations arising note in the "ashcan of history." Thus, The documentation follows: from the treaties between Panama and the ruthless agitators in Panama and their [From the Panama Star and Herald, Apr. 23, United States. I have found only a dispo collaborators in the United States are 1~63) .sition to consider questions which are merely playing into the hands of the long-range REPUBLIC OP PANAMA ArrER HIGH-LEVEL accessory, and even with respect to the lat Soviet strategists for the conquest of the SHOWDOWN WITH UNITED STATES-SOLIS AND ter, the procedure is so slow and complex Caribbean in which the Panama Canal RUSK. MEETING TODAY IN WASHINGTON that it does not lead to expect concrete so is the key target. RADICAL ACTION REPORTED UNDER CONSID lutions in a foreseeable future. The radical and impossible demands ERATION BY CHIARI; WORK OF JOINT COM "For some time I have been expressing to now being pressed by the Panamanian MISSION SCORED President Chiari my discontent over this sit Government and their secret considera Panama Foreign Minister Galileo Solis and uation, telling him that my discontent has U.S. Secretary of State Dean Rusk will meet been increasing to the point that I consider tion by our highest officials are un that I must withdraw from the Commission. qoubtedly pleasing to Deputy Thelma in a private luncheon in Washington today President Chiari has asked me to delay this amid indications that this country is seek King, Communist member of the Pana decision for some time and tl;lis is the manian National Assembly, and close ing a showdown at the highest level over its reason why I have not submitted formally friend of Fidel Castro, whom she fre claims for revision o! the treaties between the my resignation. two countries. "I understand that President Chiari, quently visits in Cuba. To what extent Solis left early Monday morning for Wash deeply concerned over the existing situation, is she responsible for what is now tran ington. It ls understood he will review with is thinking of radical action on· It in a short spiring and why did she recently visit the the Secretary o! State the problems of a po time." United States? litical nature between the two countries. The principal agreement announced by To the people of all the Latin Ameri He will be followed to Washington later this the Commission include the joint display can nations we would commend these week by Engineer David Samudio, Planning of the Panamanian and United States flags considerations: The Panama Canal is a Director in President Chiari's office, who will in the Canal Zone, the recognition in the 11834 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD - -HOUSE June 27 Canal Zone of exequaturs issued by Panama The four-member Commission is to con are not settled. Solis. said the commission to foreign consuls and the use of Panamanian clude arrangements on matters under its could continue functioning beyond July if postage stamps in the zone. consideration and then dissolve itself. The the United States agreed to start negotia group is expected to finish its work about tions for a treaty by them. (From the Panama Star and Herald, Apr. 24, June 1. The Joint commission was appointed by 1963] This agreement to dissolve the Commission President Chiari and Kennedy following the REPUBLIC OF PANAMA CLAIMS WASHINGTON was reached during talks here between former's official visit in Washington in June DELAYING TALKS-DR. SOLIS FILES COM Panamanian Foreign Minister Galileo Solis 1962. It held its first meeting in mid-July PLAINTS AT MEET WITH . RUSK-CHARGES and high State Department officials, includ 1962, and the pending issues were explained UNITED STATES-PANAMA COMMISSION NOT ing Secretary of State Dean Rusk. by Foreign Minister Solis. DOING ITS JOB AND AGAIN REITERATES RE The Commission was created by Presiden,t Display of the Panamanian flag t:,;i. the PUBLIC OF PANAMA'S GRIEVANCES Kennedy and Panamanian President Roberto Canal Zone: Panama asked for such display Chiari during Chiari's visit here in June, in civilian installations, military posts and (By Ben F. Meyer) 1962. On the commission were Solis, OC ships transiting the Panama Canal. Agree WASHINGTON, April 23.-Dr. Galileo Solis, tavio Fabrega, U.S. Ambassador to Panama ment has been reached only on display of Foreign Minister of Panama, reportedly com Joseph Farland, and Panama Canal Governor the flag in civilian installations. plained to U.S. officials today that the United Robert Fleming, Jr. Corridors under Panamanian jurisdiction States-Panama Commission, named a year Solis and Farland met here yesterday be of the Pacific and Atlantic sides: Panama ago to work out problems between the two fore the Panamanian Foreign Minister's de has asked for corridors on both sides so that nations, is not doing its job. parture for Panama. people may cross from one side ·of the Canal In any case, he is understood to have said, U.S. officials stressed that there is no dis Zone to the other without leaving Pana- the Government of Panama feels the Com pute involved in the decision to disband the . manian jurisdiction. Pending approval by mission is not working fast enough, and that Commission. It has been suggested that the United States is the Pacific Side corridor the delay is at the Washington end. Fabrega's decision to resign speeded a deci which would extend along Fourth of Juiy Dr. Solis, Panama's Ambassador Augusto sion to dissolve the group. Avenue, the Balboa Bridge and Thatcher Guillermo Arango, Joseph Farland, U.S. Am These officials said that the Commission IDghway to Arraijan. The location of the bassador to Panama, and a group of State De would be able to conclude new agreements Atlantic Side corridor has yet to be deter partment officials were guests at luncheon on outstanding problems and that it has mined. today given by Secretary of State Dean Rusk. carried out a considerable amount of work. Labor questions: The minimum wage in It was a working session, reporters were told, Chiari and Kennedy had intended to have the Canal Zone is being raised to 70 cents at which the whole range of United States the Commission arrange for the flying of an hour this July and to 80 cents an hour Panama problems was reviewed. A Pana Panamanian flags on the zone, which was next July, but Panama still insists that it manian source said he was told the tone of done, and to solve other practical problems be fixed at $1 per hour. This is not the the discussions was most friendly and cordial. brought out by Chiari. only aspect, however. The present wage Before the luncheon, U.S. officials claimed Among the issues before the group were curve in the Canal Zone develops slo:wly and not to know why the Panamanian Foreign equal employment opportunities in the suddenly shoots upward, with Panamanians Minister had come to Washington. The Canal Zone, wage matters, social security at the low end and North Americans at the presence here of Ambassador Farland and of coverage and other labor questions. higher end. Panama would like to have a Gen. Robert Fleming, Governor of the Pan Also discussed at the time was Chiari's straight line rather than a curve. ama Canal Zone, they said, was for other suggestion that Panama should have access On the question of minimum wage raises, business. The two are to testify tomorrow to to pier facilities· and increased participation the Canal Zone Government has been an a congressional committee. Fleming at by Panamanian private enterprise in the nouncing such increases as a unilateral ac tended a quarterly meeting of the Panama market offered by the Canal Zone. tion, rather than as a joint agreement. This Canal Company, a U.S. Government corpora leaves the door open for future removal of tion operating the canal and the canal zone, [From the Panama Star and Herald, Apr. 26, such raises. this week. 1963] It has been agreed that a binational com Dr. Solis could not be reached for comment mission will be set up to handle labor REPUBLIC OF p AN AMA SETS JUL y DEADLINE FOR and an Embassy spokesman said he had ·not conflicts in the Canal Zone involving Pana CANAL ZONE AccORDS-ClllARI READY To manians. The commission would be com authorized any statement. DISSOLVE COMMISSION Pieced together from what informed posed of two Panama and two Canal Zone sources did and did not se.y, it appears Dr. Panama has decided to dissolve the joint members, appointed by the President and Solis came to Washington to ask for speedier commission reviewing points of dissatisfac the Governot, respectively. action by the U.S. Government on various tion in its relations with the United States One of the first proposals made by the matters under study by the two-nation Com by mid-July unleeis: United States was for payroll deductions in mission, composed of Ambassador Farland 1. Pending questions have been settled by the Canal Zone for Panama income tax from and Governor Fleming, for the United States, then, or salaries of Panamanian employees. The pro and Solis and Octavio Fabrega, for Panaxna. 2. The commission becomes a negotiating cedure for these payroll deductions is prac Panama has suggested among other meas body for a new treaty. tically worked out, but President Chiari has ures that the Panamanian postage stamps, This is what Foreign Minister Galileo Solis taken the position that it should not be en rather than those of the United States should in effect said he told U.S. Secretary of State forced until after the wage raises go into be used by the U.S.-occupied Panama Canal Dean Rusk at their meeting Tuesday in effect. Panama is pressing for the 80-cent Zone; that promises of better opportunities Washington. wage to become effective prior to July 1964, for Panamanian workers in the zone are not The mid-July deadline will mark the com so that the $1 salary, if agreed. upon, will being kept fully; that there should be op pletion of 1 year of discussions by the Joint start in mid-1964. portunity for private enterprise businesses in commission. Panama wants the security classification the canal zone, rather than U.S. Government Solis said yesterday Rusk had told him eliminated from Canal Zone jobs, maintain commissaries; that the United States should that immediate attention will be given to ing that there should be no discrimination get out of the merchandise business in the pending matters with a view to providing a against Panamanian citizens as to these zone altogether. solution during the month of June. The jobs if they meet the same conditions re Dr. Solis plans to return to P anama tomor Foreign Minister reported to a press confer quired of U.S. citizens. row evening, the Embassy said. ence yesterday afternoon 12 hours after his Stamps: The United States has accepted return from Washington. in principle the use of Panamanian stamps [From the Panama American, Apr. 25, 1963] Because of the obsolete condition of the in the Canal Zone. Panama is of the opin present Panama Canal, the Foreign Minister ion that the Taft Convention, under which UNITED STATE;S, REPUBLIC OF PANAMA AGREE TO said, which must be replaced by a new Panamanian stamps exclusively were used in DISSOLVE JOINT COMMISSION BY JUNE 1 waterway by 1980, the United States will the Canal Zone from 1904 to 1924, should be (Foreign Minister Galileo Solis, who re have to enter into negotiations for a new revived. But the U.S. proposals involve con turned here from Washington early today, treaty in 2 years' time at the most. He said ditions which are onerous and which leave met privately for 2 hours today with Presi this estimate is based on the fact that such the door open for the use of U.S. stamps. dent Chiari. It is understood that Solis re negotiations would take from 2 to 3 years to Panama cannot justify any agreement in this ported to the President on the talks held complete and that actual construction would connection which would amount to less than in Washington With U.S. Secretary of State require from 8 to 10 years. the Taft convention. Dean Rusk and other State Department Any new treaty, Solis said, would be on Ports: Panama wants restitution of the officials. Immediately after coming out of the basis of Panama's retaining jurisdiction ports in Panama City and Colon, which were the meeting with the President, Solis an over the Canal Zone. dismantled at the time that Balboa and nounced he would hold a press conference Throughout his statement, Solis insisted Cristobal were established. As to the At at 4 p.m. today.) that there was no agreement during his visit lantic side, there is agreement in principle WASHINGTON, April 25.-The United States with Rusk for dissolving the present com that--pending an agreement to change the and Panama have agreed in principle to dis mission by mutual accord, but rather the Canal Zone boundarie.s-piers 6 and 7 in solve a Joint Commission seeking solutions fiat statement by Panama--conveyed to the Cristobal would be turned over to the Colon to longstanding disputes over the Panama Secretary of State-that it will close the com Free Zone aiong with the France Field reser Canal. mission if by mid-July the pending irnues vation, on the other side of Folks River Bay, .1.963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 11835 to help the expansion of the Free Zone and been dev¢ed to questions of small impor work to that end, there will be time to find the city of Colon, now hemmed in. tance. solutions. Elimination of commercial and industrial President Chiari has decided that an effort ·The Foreign Minister said that at Presi activities in the Canal Zone: This is a del should be made to have all pending issues dent Chiari's expressed request he had told icate and difficult issue, inasmuch as there cleared before the Commission completes 1 Secretary Rusk that if the United States are conflicting opinions in Panama. The year of discussions, but if this effort proves is thinking of a new treaty for a new canal, maximum aspiration of Panama would be unsuccessful he has decided to close the it should propitiate a favorable climate by: for the Government of the United States to Commission and then report to the people of ( 1) quickly solving all pending problems and quit being a merchant and that all commer Panama on the reasons for his action. (2) providing really effective aid for the cial actbities be in private hands under Pan Rusk also was told in President Chiari's country's economic development. amanian law. This maximum aspiration behalf that in addition to the fact that 1 A newsman pointed out, in connection would be included in a new treaty, since year was more than sufficient to clear up with aid, that perhaps that help has not Panama would retain jurisdiction over all matters of lesser importance (than a new been forthcoming because the United States its territory and consequently there would treaty), the political campaign was under feels that any assistance provided Panama be no commissaries. way in Panama and these matters should be would only serve to make the rich richer There has been a Panamanian proposal out of the way by the time the campaign got and the poor poorer. Solis replied that there still unanswered-that all goods sold in the in full swing. were two distinct types of aid as far as Canal Zone be purchased through Panama. Rusk replied, according to Solis, that he Panama is concerned: One, the Alliance 'for As to industrial activities, the United understood President Chiari's position and Progress help which would be furnished on States has withdrawn from some but retains that an effort should be made to solve the the same basis as it is provided to all other others. Panama feels that the Government pending matters. Latin American countries; the other, the of the United States should cease being Thus, Solis explained, the commission aid Panama demands because it is not re baker, dairyman, etc., and argues that while should ·complete its work by mid-July, when ceiving adequate benefits from the operation the basis of North American economy is free the 1-year deadline specified by Presi of the Panama Ca~al in its territory. What enterprise, there is no free enterprise in the dent Chiari expires. ever the type, however, Solis concluded, it Canal Zone where everything is state Before leaving Washington, Solis said he should be utilized for the needy classes, and operated. left a memorandum for Rusk outlining the not for the welt:-to-do who are capable of Spanish language: Not yet formally pro pending questions and the memorandum was looking out for themselves and required no posed, but already indicated is Panama's personally delivered to the Secretary of State protection from the state. demand that Spanish be recognized, along yesterday by the Panamanian Ambassador in with English, as an official language in the Washington. [From the Panama American, Apr. 26, 1963] Canal Zone. On the question of a new treaty, Solis said FLAG ON MILITARY POSTS, SHIPS, BRIDGE CON- Lands: There are large tracts of land in the Panama is not pressing for it now because TROL AIMS OF REPUBLIC OF PANAMA Canal Zone which are not required for the the determination if a sea level canal will be The Chiari administration wants to see operation of the Panama Canal. Panama built will have much to do with the type the Panama flag flying on all U.S. military has asked for the return of these unused of treaty that is negotiated. But Panama installations in the Canal Zone and on all lands which are suitable for farming and does feel, he added, that if the commission's ships going through the Panama Canal, as cattle projects and are advantageously sit work is completed during June, it will be soon as possible. uated to the country's principal markets. time then to make definite pronouncements Foreign Minister Galileo Solis said yes Water: This question came up during the with respect to the new treaty. terday that Panama hopes for an agreement Solis-Rusk meeting in Washington. Rusk "I have always felt," Solis declared, "that on this and other issues pending since last inquired what the problem was about and our relations with the United States can be July will be reached by next June. Solis replied: "It's our water and you take it resolved only by one means-that of negotia Another issue on which Panama hopes for and sell it to us." (The reference was to the tion. And negotiation requires skill and tact. early approval is that of jurisdiction of the fact that the water sold to Panama by the Many times, precipitude spoils the skill in Thatcher Ferry Bridge and the highway Canal Zone comes from the Chagres River.) handling negotiations • • •. It is sometimes through the Canal Zone to Arraijan on the At the start of the press conference, For better to get to the end slowly, than to at west bank of the canal? eign Minister Solis gave this background: tempt to rush through and be left at the .ag:reement and subsequent approval of When President Chiari visited the White half-way point." these measures by the U.S. State Depart House in June 1962, a joint commission was He said that prior to the National As ment will depend upon how much can be created which President Kennedy himself sembly's sessions in October President Chiari accomplished by the high level Commis termed a "high level" commission. The com may be able to tell the country Panama's sion appointed by President Chiari and mission began its review of treaty matters exact position with respect to a new treaty President Kennedy a year ago this month. in mid-July 1962. At the time that the com with the United States and do it so clearly Solis said the commission which has been mission was created, no limitation was placed and completely that no succeeding adminis meeting periodically since last July has only on what could be discussed and Panama tration will deviate from that line. been able to get approval for only two of the was left free to submit any point whatever Solis declared that he told Rusk that time several issues presented by Panama. of dissatisfaction in its relations with the is past in Panama when treaties can be Solis said the commission--comprised of United States. signed behind the people's back, as was done Canal Zone Gov. Robert J. Fleming, Jr., U.S. Hardly had the Commission begun to work in 1903, and that no administration would Ambassador Joseph S. Farland, Dr. Octavio than a situation arose which had not been run the risk of negotiating a treaty which Fabrega, and Solis-did not have full au entirely foreseen: That the U.S. Government would be rejected as happened in 1926 and thority and had to get approval from the was not ready to discuss terms for an entirely 1947. State Department to change even a comma new treaty. The U.S. position was that the Asked if Panama had fixed a deadline for in a press communique or agreement. studies for a sea-level canal were not yet the start of treaty negotiations, Solis re Solis made these disclosures at a press con complete. plied that a country which proposed nego ference yesterday afternoon. He had ar It was agreed then that in order not to tiations was in no position to set deadlines. rived early yesterday morning from Wash delay consideration of points arising from But in this case, he pointed out, circum ington, where he met with U.S. Secretary of existing treaties, the Commission would take stances favor Panama. The present water State Dean Rusk and other State Depart up such questions which could be settled way is regarded as obsolete and must be ment officials. directly by U.S. Presidential action without replaced by 1980. If construction of a new Before calling the press conference at noon the intervention of the Congress. canal will take from 8 to 10 years and nego yesterday, Solis met privately with Ohiari Panama filed its claims. The discussions tiation of a new treaty will require from 2 in a meeting that lasted some 2 hours. developed slowly because, on the U.S. side, to 3 years, this means that the United States Solis said the only two issues which had the Commission was not the "high level" will be required to enter into new negotia been solved by the commission were the fly body that President Kenedy had named, for tions at the most in 2 years' time. ing of the Panama flag at civil installations neither U.S. Ambassador Joseph S. Farland Asked about Washington reports that he in the Canal Zone and the matter of exe nor Canal Zone Governor Robert J. Fleming, and Rusk had agreed to dissolve the commis quaturs for foreign consulfi. Jr., (the two U.S. Commissioners) had been sion by June 1, Solis denied this. He re Questioned about the remarks attributed authorized to reach conclusions, but had to peated that t~e situation is that unless the to Fleming during the hearing of the House refer every detail--even pf language-to the commission completes its work during the Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee, Department of State. month of June or it is transformed into a Solis indicated that he did not feel there President Chiari felt that the first phase treaty negotiating body, then Panama will was any e.vil intent in Fleming's statement of the Commission's work-settlement of the proceed to dissolve it. and added that he preferred to await an of problems which could be solved by Presiden A newsman asked if Solis felt that the ficial report on the hearing before making tial action-should be completed by now. So commission would be able to settle all pend any Judgment. Foreign Minister Solis was sent to Washing ing issues by the end of June taking into Fleming was quoted as saying that Chiari ton to .tell the Secretary of State that Presi account that in 9 months' time it had ac had welched on his promise to pay Panama's dent Chiari feels that .he cannot continue complished little. He replied that lf the water bills promptly and that it would be with the Commission .after 1 whole yea:r had U.S. commissioners show a willingness to "dubious" if Panama would be pr.ompt on 11836 CONGRESSIONAL RRCORD-· HOUSE June 27 the payment of charges if Canal Zone. piers [From the P.anama Star and Herald, a.ting .body. Asked to clarify ~onflicting in were leased to Panama. Apr. 30, 1963] terpretations of .his statement, Minister Solis, Other unsolved issues listed by Solis, and REPUBLIC OJ!' PANAMA MISSION LEAVES FOR said: _ which the commission is expected to agree WASHINGTON . TALKS; WILL DISCUSS COM "In practice, the :work -of the present Com upon by next June, are: PENSATIONS PENDING TREATY mission was dtvided into tw.o phases, not "Corridors" on both sides to enable traffic foreseen .initially; One, :fin.d~g a solution · A Panamanian mission leaves early today· to ·Panama's points of dissatisfaction which . from one side of the Canal Zone to the other for Washington, D.C .., ·to discuss interlrn without leaving RP jurisdiction. The Pacific could be solved without entering into an compensations for Panama for the operation examination of the basic issues of the exist side corridor would extend along Fourth of of the Panama Canal pending a review of July Avenue, the Thatcher Ferry Bridge, and ing treaties; and two, the basic issues which existing treaties. can be solved only through a. new treaty Thatcher Highway to Arraijan. The loca Planning Director David Samudio and tion of the proposed Atlantic side corridor that would replace those already in exist Prof. Ruben D. Carlos, Jr., of the Uni ence. has not been determined. versity of Panama, compose the mission. Panama insists that the minimum wage "I went to Washington," Solis added, ''with They will be joined in Washington by Pana instructions from President Chiari to in on the Canal Zone be increased to $1 an manian Ambassador Augusto G. Arango. hour. Canal Zone agencies announced that form Secretary of State Dean Rusk that Official sources have indicated that Pan the Government of Panama felt that the it will be raised to ·70 cents in July .and to ama 1s asking .for $10 million a year during 80 cents in 1964, but Solis said the admin work corresponding to the first phase should 5 years, which is the time that Panamanian be concluded before the Com.mission com istration is pressing for the 80-cent mini officials estimate will elapse before a new mum to be enforced this year. pleted 1 year since its installation and that Panama Canal treaty is negotiated. to this end it W81S necessary to make an ef Panama also wants the establishment of President Roberto F. Chiari is understood fort to solve those questions still -pending a straight line wage system instead of the to have outlined the proposal to President before the Commission for which a quick so current curve which develops -slowly and John F. Kennedy at the Presidents' Confer lution can be found. drastically skyrockets with Panamanians at ence in San Jose, Costa Rica, last .March. "I must say that I found on the part of the low end and U.S. citizens at the higher Panama's official position is that construc the Secretary of State a clear understand end. tion of a new canal will require a new ing of Panama's position and that he ex A binational commission to solve labor treaty. The estimate that about 5 years pressed to me his acquiescence that all pos disputes in the Canal Zone in which Panama will elapse before this occurs is based on the sible should be done to solve the issues still nians are involved. This commission would generally accepted prospect that by 1970 the pending in the Commission." be formed of two Panama and Canal Zone United States must have made the decision Solis pointed out that the Commission representatives, to be named by the Presi for replacement of the present waterway. will complete 1 year July 12; hence., Panama. dent and the Zone Governor. Panamanian officials figure that actual proposes to dissolve it around that date, Procedures for payroll deductions in the treaty negotiations would take about 3 years regardless of the outcome of the discus Canal Zone for Panama income tax from the and that in order to meet the 1970 deadline sions during May and June. salaries of Panamanian workers have been the United States would have to undertake But, he explained, after the Commission approved. However, the RP president feels negotiations in approximately 2 years' time. suspends discussions in mid-July, the second that the arrangement should not be enforced The interim compensation, in Panama's phase-negotiations for a new treaty-can until wage increases go into effect. view, would cover the fair benefits this coun be opened by either country. When that is Panama is striving for the elimination of try claims it ls not receiving now under the done, he added, the negotiations can be so-called security jobs which he said were present Canal treaties. They would be sep carried on through the present Commission, greatly lncreased in number following the arate from any Alliance for Progress finan if the Governments so desire, or through a approval of the 1955 treaty. cial assistance. new commission, or through direct exchanges Panama wants the Taft Convention, un The Panamanian mission ls expected to between the Governments. der which RP stamps exclusively were used start discussions with U.S. officials in Wash on the Zone from 1904 to 1924, to be re ington late this week. The proposed com [From the New York (N.Y.) Daily News, vived. pensations would be invested, according to Apr. 27, 1963] Panama wants restitution of Panama City official sources, in highway construction and electrification of rural areas _principally. PANAMA PRESSES Us and Colon ports which were dismantled with PANAMA, April 26.-Panama bas given the the establishment of Balboa and Cristobal. [From the Panama Star and Herald, Apr. 30, United States until mid-July to settle dif Regarding the Atlantic side there is an agree ferences between the two countries or open ment in principle, dependent on an agree 1963) SOLIS SAYS "THINGS NEVER LOOKED BETTER" negotiations for a new Canal treaty. Foreign ment to change Canal Zone boundaries, that Minister Galileo Solis, who has just returned piers 6 and 7 at Cristobal would be turned FOR PANAMA from Washington, said Secretary of State over to the Colon Free Zone, along with Foreign Minister Galileo Solis said yes Rusk assured him the United States will try France Field, to provide expansion of the terday "things never looked better for . us" to solv.e pending matters during June. Pan Free Zone and the city of Colon. in t.he matter of a review of treaty relat10n ama demands a number of rights in the Elimination of commercial and industrial ships with the United States. United States-controlled Canal Zone and activities on the Canal Zone. The maximum He made the statement while answering seeks more economic aid. goal would be for all commercial activity on questions on whether his recent announce the Zone to be placed in private hands un ment that Panama proposed to dissolve the [From the Evening Star, W.ashington (D.C.), der Panamanian laws. This goal would be current joint Panama-United States com Apr. 26, 1963 J attained through a new treaty since Panama mission by mid-July indicated a collapse PANAMA SETS DEADLINE FOR ACCORD ON CANAL would have full jurisdiction over all its ter of negotiations with Washington. ritory. The Foreign Minister said that was not PANAMA, April 26.-Panama has given the Panama has ~ade a proposal that-all goods the case. United States until mid-July to settle dif sold on the Zone be purchased through "Whatever the outcome of the discussions ferences between the two countries or open Panama. There has been no response to in the 2 coming months," he declared, "either negotiations .for a new canal treaty. this proposal so far. of the parties may undertake the steps neces Otherwise, Foreign Minister Galileo Soils Panama is also opposed to the State-oper sary for the negotiation of a new treaty, told a news conference -yesterday, Panama ated business policy which exists on the whether within the present Commission on will quit the joint commission set u_p nearly Canal Zone. Some industrial activities have itself raised to the status of plenipotentia a year ago to work out agreements on dis been eliminated, but Panama feels there are ries, whether within a new. specially ap putes. others which should cease. pointed commission, or whether by direct Mr. Solis, who had just returned from Panama has indicated its desire that government-to-government approach. Washington, said Secretary of State Rusk assured him the United States will try to Spanish be recognized as an offlcfal language "I believe, sincerely, that the situation is n-0t despairing for Panama, but on the con solve pending matters during June. Panama on the Zone, along with English. demands a number of rights in the U.S. Panama wants the return of large areas of trary, never have things looked better for us. controlled Canal Zone and seeks economic unused lands, not required for the operation development aid apart from what 'it is ".It is not that .I believe that our Foreign of the Panama Canal, which are suitable for g_etting under the ~l~ance for ·Progress. farming and cattle projects and are situated Ministry is ;doing anything out' of this world. close to ~he republic's princi.Pal Il).arkets. It is 11imply that times have changed in in [From the St. Petersburg Evenh1g Inde ternational relations in ;favor of right .and Solis told '(!.S. Secretary . of .State Dean justice for the small nations, including Pan pendent, May 7, 1963] Rusk during the .former's visit to Washing aro-a." °EQUAL .PAY .F\:IR PANAMA CANAL EMPLOY.EES ton that the United States takes Panama's At a press EXHIBIT 1 Collins Radio Co. administrative, supervisory, and engineering employees who were in the service or employ of the Department of the Navy within the past 5 years (since June 1, 1957) · PERSONNEL ON DALLAS, TEX., PLANT PAYROLL Date ofleav- Date em- Name of individual Navy rank or grade 1 ing Navy ployed by Title of position at Collins Collins O'Reilly, Lawrence p ______Corporal (USMC) ______Nov. 5, 1959 Nov. 10, 1959 Foreman II. Miniter, John J______Librarian, U.S. Navy Underwater Sound Laboratory, New London, Mar. 25, 1960 Apr. 4, 1960 Manager, central information services. Conn. . Brooks, Marion A______CE-1 (Navy, Seabees) (electrician and telephone repairman) ______May 2,1958 Mar. 6, 1961 Junior assistant field service engineer. May. 23, 1961 June 5, 1961 Systems engineer. R;d,8r>~~~1~ ~.:.1r":::::: ~:i~t::atr/IfJ PERSONNEL ON CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA, PLANT PAYROLL Bailey, William K______Rt~r!u Date ofleav- Date em- Name of individual Navy rank or grade 1 ing Navy ployed by Title of position at Collins Collins - Lutz, Richard (NMN) _____ AT-I, aviation .electronics technician ______Nov. -,1957 June 19, 1961 Junior engineer special distribution. Maley, Paul L ______Chief warrant officer, Navy radio maintenance division, officer at July -,19508 Feb. 1, 1960 Field support engineer II. N AS, Corpus Christi, 'l'ex. . Moloney, William L ______Electronic technician at Boston Naval Shipyard, Boston, Mass _____ Jan. -, 1957 July 7, 1960 .Field support engineer I. Martin, Fenton A ______CW0-2, USMC, electronics maintenance and operations officer, Mar. 31, 19593 Sept. 21, 1959 Field support engineer II. Quantico, Va. Mathis, Mark C., Jr. ______Lieutenant (jg.), Navy. chief engineer on U.S.S. Dupburr1 Bar Aug. 18, 1000- Sept. 29, 1960 Assistant industrial engineer. (AVP..JS). Mulbrook, Larry~------Sergeant, USMC, instructor in guided missile fire control, San Sept. 15, 1957 Sept. 30, 1957 Foreman II. Diego, Calif. Muret, Lenos Q ______Lieutenant (jg.), Navy engineering officer on U.S.S. Reaper Feb. -,1959 Mar. 2, 1959 Junior assistant.engineer. (MS0-467). Neal, Gordon L ______GS-7, design engineer, Naval Ordnance Lab., Silver Spring, Md.-- Sept. -, 1960 Aug. 30, 1961 . Do. Nelsen, Michael c ______RDSN, Navy, radarman______Dec. 31, 1957 Sept. 1.5, 1958 Foreman IV. Nelson, Donald R ______Sergeant, USM Ci electronics technician ______Jan. 25, 1961 Feb. 8, 1961 Field support engineer I. Nims, John K ______Petty officer 1st c ass, Coast Guard ______June 3, 1957 Mar. 30, 1959 Field service engineer 11. O' Brien, Edward L., Jr ____ AT-1, Navy, radar shop supervisor, Naval Air Facility, .Annapolis, Dec. 12, 1958 Jan. 12, 1959 Junior engineer writer. Md. Potter, Dale E ______ET-2, Navy, electronic technician on U.S.S. Shanori La (CVA-38) __ June -, 1961 June . 5, 1961 Field service representative. Recs, Morgan (NMN) _____ ETC, Navy, instructor of basic electricity and electronics, Navy Apr. 2, 1962 J Apr. 23, 1962 Field support engineer II. Technical School, Great Lakes, Ill. Reid, Donald o ______F'.f-2, Navy, maintained radar on U,S.S. Hollister (DD-788) ______July 8, 1959 July Zl, 1959 Field support engineer I. Reinhardt, Marion L ______ET-1, Navy, electronics teclmician_ ------July 18, 1957 Feb. 5, 1962 Junior engineer specialist distribution. Riley, James E ______Navil Washington, D.C., assistant counsel. ______Nov.-, 1958 Dec. 1, 1958 General counsel-Sales. S~nds, Berne R. ______INS AT, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, contract administrator______June 1, 1958 June 2, 1958 Contract administrator. Smith, Danny F ______1st Lieutenant, USMC, naval aviator ______June 28, 1958 Jan. 18, 1960 Assistant systems amilyst. Soli, John E. ______Lieutenant (jg), Navy, electronics material officer on U.S.S. Cogswell Oct. 25,.1960 Jan. 16, 1961 R. & D. program forecast analyst. (DD-651). Soule, Craig W ______AT-2, Navy, aviation electronics technician. ______May 11, 1958 Feb. 15, 1961 Junior industrial engineer. Spade, Vincent E ______Master sergeant, USMC, test chief at Marine Corps Equipment Oct. 31, 1959 3 Nov. 16, 1959 Field support engineer II. Board, Quantico, Va. Spencer, James L ______Electronic engineer at Naval Orunance Laboratory, Silver Spring, Sept. -, 1960 Aug. 1/ 1961 Jm;i.ior assistant engineer. Md. worked June-September 1960. · Stehr, Paul W ______1st Lieut.enant, USMC, communication officer, Recruit Depot, June 5, 1961 July, 26, 1961 Government sales representative. San Diego, Calif. Steinbeck, Gary L ______ET-3, Nalff, electronics t.echnician on U.S.S. Fusenden (DER-142)_ May Zi, 1958 July 1, 1958 Field service engineer I. Sudduth, Joseph F ______Captain, SMC, member of Electronics Section, Marine Corps May -,19603 May 16, 1960 Senior field engineer III. Equipment Board, Quantico, Va. Thompson, Richard L _____ Electronic in_spector at INSMAT, Cedar Rapids, Iowa (Collins) __ __ May -,1960 June 13, 1960 Quality control engineer II. Thomson, Muri H~------Branch inspection supervisor at ISNMAT, Cedar Rapids, Iowa Oct. -,1959 Oct. 26, 1959 Quality control eingneer III. (Collins). · Treese, Ray, Jr. (NMN) ___ AT-2, aviation electronic technician._--~------Sept. 11, 1959 Sept. 30, 1959 Junior industrial engineer. Tyrrel, Sylvan F ., Jr______AT-2, Navy, aviation electronics t.ecbnician __ ·______Nov .. 19, 1959 Nov. 30, 1959 ]field support engineer II. Van Gilder, Ten-y W ______ET-2, Navy, electronics technician on U.S.S. Ault (DD-698) ______Apr. ~.1958 Aug. 8,1960 ·Apprentice engineer writer. Walters, Charles W ______ATC, Navy, branch supervisor, Naval Air Weapons Systems Oct. 6, 19593 Mar. 29, 1960 Senior field engineer I. School NAS, Jacksonville, Fla. Westbrook, John F ______·CPO, Navy, supervisor inspector, electronic maintenance, NAS, June 14, 19603 June 16, 1960 Field support engineer I. Dallas, Tex. Woodman, William F., Jr __ W- 3, chief communications technician, Navy, assigned to Ilcad- Feb. 28, l!l593 Mar. 2, 1959 Field support engineer IV. S~~lr~~v~taff, Naval Security Group, Washington, D.C. ______Woods, ·Wilbur J ______·____ June 19, 1958 July 15, 1958 Com put.er programer A. .Yakcley, Jay B., Jr ______Commander (retired as captain), Navy, assistant to Director, Flight Nov. 1, 19593 Nov. 9, 1959 Senior associate engineer, special distrlbu- Services Division, ONO Staff, Washington, D .C. tion. - PERSONNEL ON NEWPORT BEACH, CALIF., PLAN'.r PAYROLL Lamarcaux, E. p ______Mar. 20, 1959 Apr. 1, 1959 Engineering assistant. Stillman, 0. T ______USMC corporal. ______·------Physicist.08-7. ______-- __ ------_------__ . ------_ Dec. -, 1960 June 26, 1961 Junior assistant engineer. Hanzel, A. L ______Oct. -, 1959 May 1, 1961 Associate engineer. Williams, R. Q ______Lieu tenant (jg.). ______· ------Feb. -, 1959 Mar. 5, 1962 Assistant industrial engineer. Goens, D. E ______MMI-Pl. ______------· ------Dec. 2, 19603 Feb. 9, 1961 Foreman III. Dec. 17, 1958 Dec. 22, 1958 Specifications writer. Sept. -, 1958 June 15, 1959 Assistant engineer. BI::olil:Wy-att, R. D c======______ti3ii~rElectronic engineer---~~======engineer ______======_ Jan. 6, 1961 Jan. 9, 1961 Do. Morris, H. T ______Lieutenant (jg.) ______.----- June 30, 1960 July 25, 1960 Associate contract aumiuistrator. Slocumi..D· R ______SK-3 storekeeper______Sept. -, 1957 Jan. 5, 1959 Do. Leeth, .K. 0., Jr______Contract specialist______. __ ----=---- ______Aug. -, 1959• Aug. 16, 1959 Contract arninistrator. , Nicholson, L. L., Jr ______Lieutenant commander ______Dec. 1, 1,957 Jan. 1, 1958 Senior field engineer. White, J. B __ ___ , ______Electronic mechanic_____ ~ ______c. ___ • ______. __ _ Sept. -, 1959 July 11, 1260 Assistant engineer. Parker, R. R ______Electronic engineer ______July -, 1957 Nov. 1, 1960 Associate engineer special distribution. USMC master sergeant._------___ _ June 30, 19603 Oct. 11, 1960 Junior contract coordim,tor. ~;~:~1. i~~~~·-~~======~== ETRUSMC 'L. corporal.' ______•______------______---- -__---____--- . ______------_- -______------_ Sept, 7, 1957 June 15, 1959 Junior engineer. Calelli,. A. P------.-- Aug. 12, 1958 Oct. 6, 1958 Foreman- II. AN ______•___ _ Aug. 3, 1959 Aug. 10, 1959 Do. ~~;~::~i. \.~======USMC gunnery sergeant E-9 ______Feb. 28, 1961 a June 2, 1961 Engineering assistant. 1 Includes Marine.Corps and Const Guard. and owner of· R. L. Suratt, consulting engineers, New York and Washington, D.C. 2 Summer 1960. · Duties: Collaborated with various naval architects and design agents on design criteria 3 Retired. for special launching devices for guided ·missile cruisers. Performed extensive ship · .•From May 1958 to January 1962. Employed by Pan Amiirican Airlines, Guided alterations and modifications on U,S. naval ammunition and supply ships. Missile Range Division., Patrick Air Force Base, Fla. Deputy manager engineering a See exhibit 2 for additional employment details. and assistant plant superintendent. From fertember 1956 to May 1958. President • Employed by Bi1Ships, Washington, D.C., from March 1958 to August 1959. EXHIBIT 2 Collins Radio Co., Dallas, Tex.- List of employees in tice president government representatives department (excl'l.lsive of secretaries and st,e,noyraphers) Government or armed service Date cm- Name of ind{Yidual Employment loc_atfon ployed by Title of position at Government office(s) Collins Comas contacted Grade or rank Dat.o or leaving Dutton, Robert J> ______.Washington, D.C _____ Lieutenant (junior grade) Still in Rcscrv<1.. __ Jan. 16, 1952 Vice president, gov- N"o assigned agency. May A-V-(s) in U.S. Naval ernmcnt representa- call on any agency Bl! re- Reserve. tive.- quired throughout the _____ do ______· ______United States. Johnson, Theodore A ______Staff sergeant, U.S. Army_ Mar. 29, 19-tG ______Jan. 28, 1952 Assistant to D~~~c;:~,~~;;~;d'.ment. f SaM} i~to~~· 1963- (:ONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 11845 ·Collins Radi.o Co., Dallas, Tex ..-Li8I of employees in vi.ce president g_overri,ment representatives department (exclusive of secretaries and . stenographers)-Continued Government or armed service Date em Name of individual EmploJlllent location •------...------• ployed by Title of position at Government office(s) Collins Collins contacted Grade or rank Date of leaving Sneed, James W., Jr ______Dayton, Ohio ______May 1945. ______1st lieutenant, U.S. Air l Aeronautical Systems Divi· Force. A {Senio~ associate field Technician, Naval Base, October 1949 •• ____ ug. 2 ' 1954 engmeer• . { sion, U.S. Air Force, Day. Orange, Tex. ton, Ohio. Strathern, William •••••••• _.. Rome, N.Y.•••••••••• Staff sergeant, U.S. Air August 1951-·----· Mar. 13, 1001 Associate field engi· Rome Air Development Cen· Force. neer. ter and Rome Air Material Area, Air Force. Beller, EarlJ ••••••••••••••••• ·Los Angeles, Calif..... Colonel, Signal Corps, Sept. 30, 1954 Apr. 6, 19~7 . Senior associate field West coast area, primarily U.S.Army. (retired). engineer. Ballistics Missile Division Air Force, Space Systems Division, Air Force,·Pacific Missile Range and Navy Purchasing Office, Los Angeles, Calif. Abercrombie, Everette G.... Washington, D.C•.••. None•••..•... •.•.••..•...•....•.•••.•.•••.•••• June 6, 1957 Principal field engi. Primarily Navy, including neer. Bureau of Weapons, Bu reau of Ships, Marine Corps, and Bureau of Yards and Docks, Wash· ington, D.C. Pels, John H., III••••••••••• _ Dallas, Tex••••••••••• Lieutenant, U.S. Navy•••• June 30, 1959 •••••• July 1, 1959 Sales information co- NASA, Houston, Tex., a.s ordinator. temporary assignment. Allott, William T., Jr••••• ___ Washington, D.C_. ___ Staff sergeant, U.S. Air Jan. 10, 1956_····-- July 27, 1959 Senior associate field No particular account a,s. Force. engineer. signment but covers micro. wave requirements with any agency in Washington, D.C., as required. Barnette, E. F···--··-·---~-· Dayton, Ohio·-··-··-- ~:.tenant, U.S. , Air Oct. 15, 1959 •• ·--·- Oct. 15, 1959 Senior assistant field Aeronautical Systems Divi lst 0 engineer. sion, U.S. Air Force, Day· ton, Ohio. Newitt, J. H-·-·-·---·-····-- Boston, Mass·-···---- None ...·-·· ···--·········· ······--············ ·-············· Senior associate field Electronic Systems Divi· engineer. sion, U.S. Air Force, Bos· ton, Mass. Judson, Robert R.·--······-- Washington, D.C·-··· 1st lieutenant, U.S. Army. January 1954 ••• ___ No specific assignment. Cov· Contract negotiator, · Bu-1 · l Contract administra· ers contract administration reau of Ships, U.S. Apr Apr. 25, 1960 { tor: . matters with Army, Navy, Navy, Washington, · 15 • 1960 ··•·•• { NASA, USIA, and any D.C. · . others. · Beans, Richard C .••..•••.••• ·--·-do.•. •.•. -•. : .. : .•. Private, first class, U.S. }January ~ Same as R. R. Judson above Marine Corps. · 194"·----- r but also covers Avionics Contract negotiator, Bu·· } une 27, 1000 ·-·--do• •••••• ---·····-· Supply Office and '.Defense reau of Ships, U.S. April 1960·--···--- · { Supply Agency at Phila· Navy. delphia, Pa. Hearn, Ormond E ••••.... _.. Wasbington;D.C . . _.. Commander, U.S. Navy, Dec. 1, 1961 (re- Dec. 12, 1961 Seniorfleldenginee~-.-~· NASA, Washington, D.C. last assignment was -tired). · · U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washing· ton, D.C. Stitely,'All~n H ...... 'Fort Monmouth, N.L Master Sergeant, U.S. Dec. 31, 1954- ••... Jan. 3, 1962 .•.. _do •••••...... U.S. Army Signal Research Marine Corps. and Development Labors· tory, Fort Monmouth.,. N .J. Waldrup, William E •....••.. Dallas, Tex_._ ...... Captain, U.S. Air Force •. Aug. 16, 1952 .•..... Dec. 26, 1957 ....•do •••• --···--·----· Various Army and Air .1rnroo bases in Texas, Georgia, Alabama, and throughout the central southern area. Coffee, John M., Jr ..... _. ___ Washington, D,C_·-·- Technical adviser, U.S. December 1959 __ __ Navy, Director of Com· munications, Washing· ton,D.C. . Technical adviser, U.S. January 1958 ••.••• Army office, chief sig nal officer, Washington, · {No particular account assign D.C. . ment. Covers data re· Technical planning of February 1956 ___ • .: Jan. 4, 1000 •••• _do ••.•••••••.•••. -. quirements with all agen cies in District of Columbia r~~::~rn&o~~: area as required. nications Security Agency, Arlington Hall Station, Arlington, Va. Computer design, U .8. November 1955._._ Army Security Agency, Arlington, Va. Lasley, Jonathan H_ •••••• _: _ ••••• do __ ···········--- Lieutenant commander, March 1946- -····· Apr. 1, 1957 Principal field International and nonmili U.S. Naval Reserve. engfneer. . tary Government agencies such as Department of State, -etc. . Culp, Joe C ••.•••• ·-···-·~··· ••••• do __ ···--··· ~·"··-- Electronic engineer, U.S. July 1958·-··· ····~ Sept. 15, 1958 Senior associate field Primarily Army and · also Army Signal Engineer-. engineer. Defense Communications ing. Agency, Arlington, Agency Defense Atomic Va. SUJ?Porl Agency, DiamonQ. 1st lieutenant, U.S. Army. February 1958 ..• _. Ordnance Fuze Labora· tory, Jo~nt Communica· tion Agency. Cagney, William'M ..•••. ____ Rome, N .Y · ······--·· __ ... do .. ········-·· ·-·· --· · Dec. 28, 1945 •• ··-· July 1, 1959 Principal field Rome Air Material Area, engineer. Rome Air Developtnent Center, U.S. Air Force. · Ohaires, William R-----····- Wasbingt.on, D.C ____ • Major, U.S. Army Signal Jan, 31, 1960 .. _____ Feb. 1, 1960 Senior field engineer ... Primarily Army and FAA.· Corps. Curs, Luther S .•·-----·-·--·· ••• _.do ..• ·-····-·-·-·-- Lieutenant colonel, U.S. Feb. 1, 1946. ··---· June 23, ,1960 Senior quality control Assists Mr. E. G. Aber Army. engineer. crombie and also covers Coast Guard and various Navy technical installa· tions such as NADC and Navy Research Labora tory. McCaddon, Joseph F .•••.••.•.• _.do.•• ·-··-···-···-- Major, U.S. Air Force•••. - June 3, 1955 .•.• -•. Jan. 0, 1961 Senior government Primarily Air Force in representative. Washington, D.C., and Tactical Air Command in Langley, Va., and Ad· vanced Research Projects Agency. Potter, John .••.• --···-··--·· Cocoa Beach, Fla;, CH radio technician, U.S. Aug. 29, 1946·--·-- Aug. 1, 1961 Senior field engineer .. Air Force Test Center, Pat. (Cape Canaveral). Navy Reserve. ;~~ fil~?tr:1'h!i::R!'!~e at Cape Canaveral. 11846 CONGRESSIONAL' RECORD-. ·HOUSE June- 27 Take a good look at those people, Mr. thing else. This is the same Mr. ·BeLieu Tariff Act ·Of 1930 to provide that pol Speaker. Let us take just two names- who violated provisions of Public Law ished sheets and plates of iron or steel Robert Judson and -·Richard · Beans. 87-653 by· initiating a sole-source con shall be subject to the-same duty as un Both of tr..ese men were contract ne- - tract for a drone ·radio without :first polished sheets and plates. has carried gotiators working in the Navy Depart- providing a justification for the act. my wholehearted support; in· fact, this ment Bureau of Ships. It is possible, I While Mr. BeLieu can rationalize for bill is identical to H.R. 3099 which I in am told, they processed contracts that hours at a time, he cannot deny he knew - troduced into this body. H.R. 3674, like went to Collins, and I have today asked the law was being passed because he is H.R. 3099, would correct an unintended the Comptroller General to supply me one of the service people who opposed anomaly in the Tariff Act of 1930 which with a complete list of any and all con- its enactment. threatens to decimate an important tracts and dollar amounts they processed Mr. Speaker, refer to the table of for American industry. to Collins in their last 3 years of Navy mer Navy employees now with Collins. Under the Tariff Act of 1930 unpol service. When this material is supplied, You will notice that none are actually ished stainless steel is dutiable at 13 ½ it will be made public. in charge of any purchasing departments percent ad valorem; if, however, the There is another thing that concerns as many were in the Navy. Maybe it is stainless steel is polished, it is duitable me besides the fact that Collins-and because Collins does not want these peo at 1 ¼ cents per pound, a rate equivalent other :firms-have found it advantageous ple to oversee any of its dollars because to only 3 percent ad valorem. By the to hire ex-military people. This other of their performance in this respect when relatively simple process of polishing, thing is the kind of people who some- they were Government employees. then, foreign producers may sneak times surround our top Defense Depart- This is just another reason why my bill, through this loophole all stainless steel ment officials. There is an individual H.R. 4409, should be enacted. A com sheets and plates while paying only a 3- Mr. Speaker, whom I shall not name at mittee. of th_is ConB!ess would th~n be percent ad valorem duty. Commerce this time because of other work cur- watchmg daily and m minute detail the Department statistics on stainless steel rently going on in this area. This per- machinations of our Defense machinery imports demonstrate the danger to this son works for Mr. BeLieu in a critical which will spend $47 billion next year. viable segment of domestic manufacture. position. The Office of Naval Intelli Upon the discovery of this tariff dis gence has a complete report on this in crepancy between .polished and unpol ECONOMY IN CONGRESSIONAL ished stainless steel, importation of dividual and, certainly, Mr. BeLieu also OPERATIONS has this information, or should have. stainless steel sheets and plates jumped The report, I understi:tnd, goes into de Mr. SCHADEBERG. Mr. Speaker, I ninefold from 1961 to 1962. Imports for tail as to the enormous excesses of this ask unanimous consent that the gentle the :first 5 weeks of 1963 exceeded total person whose services were terminated in man from Missouri [Mr. CURTIS] may stainless steel imports for the years the Bureau of Ships in 1951. This per extend his remarks at this point in the 1955-61. son's previous supervisor stated he was RECORD and include extraneous matter. Corrective legislation is the only solu confident this individual gave out confi The SPEAKER. Is there objection tion which will effectively prevent the dential information to certain manufac to the request of the gentleman from continuation of grave injury to stainless turers where in some instances negoti Wisconsin? steel manufacturing in the United States. ated bids were changed at a late date There was no objection. In the Tariff Classification Act of 1962 or two or three times in one day. This Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, today I this inequality between polished and un report goes into detail and even mentions have introduced a bill to repeal section polished stainless steel is eliminated. the fact that this person was tempted by 100 of title 2 of the United States Code Unfortunately, implementation of this Communists at one time before breaking providing a storage trunk to e:ach of the adjustment has been delayed. Mean .off contacts 6 months after they were Members of the Congress annually. The while, imports continue to pour into this initiated. Congress has presently been cast in a country. I hope the House will see the This is just one person, Mr. Speaker, poor light with regard to its own spend necessity of acting immediately on this and while one bad apple does not always ing, and this seems an area where we issue. spoil a barrel, it certainly can speed the could cut back expenditures without The State of Pennsylvania, where se spoilage process for the rest. jeopardizing the functions of the Con rious unemployment problems still per It might be said that personalities have gress or seriously inco;nveniencing any sist, is a center of the stainless steel in no place in proc~ement studies, but per of the Members. dustry in the United States. I urge the sonalities make up the Navy, Mr. The carpenter in the House Office House to close this tariff inequity and Speaker, as they make up all groups. Building indicates that there are no save the jobs of many citizens of my Personalities make the decisions that charges for crating and packaging vari State at a time when every single em commit. billions of tax dollars, and they ous items that may from time to time ployment opportunity is so dear. should get the credit for their decisions, need to be stored. This seems a much more effective and ecqnomical way to be they good or bad. MIGRANT CONDITIONS The only question that remains in my deal with our storage needs than to have mind, Mr. Speaker, is just how long we a provision to provide a large, and often Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr. Speaker, I Members of Congress will allow the unneeded and unwanted trunk to each of ask unanimous consent that the gentle waste, the corruption, the inefficiency, the Members annually. This is a small man from Texas [Mr. GONZALEZ] may the incompetency to exist. How long will area of waste in the ancillary function extend his remarks at this point in the we allow these men to silently in concert ings of the Congress which we should RECORD and include extraneous matter. help this country along the road to fi move promptly to eliminate. · The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there nancial chaos before we take action? objection to the request of the gentleman Mr. Speaker, this is a nonpartisan DUTY ON POLISHED SHEETS AND from Oklahoma? question. It is the business of all Ameri- PLATES OF moN AND STEEL There was no objection. . cans, regardless of political affiliation. Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, Public Secretary McNamara is a good man try Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr. Speaker, I Law 78, the Bracero Act, met a possible ing to do a good job, but what chance ask unanimous consent that the gentle death .in . this House recently . when we does any Secretary have when the people man from Pennsylvania [Mr. MOORHEAD] voted down a 2-year extension of that _below him are feathering their nests for may extend his remarks at this point law. the future, padding their cushions for in the RECORD and include extraneous During that debate and since, some today and getting .the stuffing from the matter. Members spoke as if the lot of the lifeblood of the American taxpayer? The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there domestic migrant workers was not de Now is the time to start removing this objection to the request of the gentleman plorable enough to concern us. That is malignancy that eats at the vitals of our from Oklahoma? a tragic and unforgivable indifference to Nation, and, in my opinion, a good place There was no objection. the plight of one of the most exploited to begin is with Mr. BeLieu, who told.us Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, I wish groups of our population. We should all one . thing last year and went right out to express my hOJ?l:!S t:or _the passage of be ashamed of' such indifference in our to set the· gears in motion to do some- H.R. 3674. T~is bill, whic.h amends_tile .minds: CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 11847 Let us look ,realistically at the domes ·tion against-her will. But the great con There is reason to hope,-on this seventh tjc migrant's conditfon. · _He earned only tribution made by those who participated anniversary of the Poznan uprising·, that $6.25 per day·in 1962, and averaged only .tn the Poznan uprising 7 years ago, was President Kennedy -will return from his ·$1,054 per year including his nonfarm to bring to the people· of Poland the-first very successful journey to Europe with a labor. How can our consciences allow significant breakthrough in the Commu new· formula for the eventual liberation such a .condition to· continue? How nists' iron grip upon that brave nation. of.the captive nations without bloodshed could we possibly-refuse to set free the The Gomulka regime was forced. to or internal revolt. -market forces which· would improve his give the press of Poland a greater degree President Kennedy has given Western -condition, a-step we can take by refusing of freedom. It was forced to resign itself Europe his unequivocal pledge _t:tiat the to extend Public Law 78? to the fact that Cardinal Wyszynski and United States will never be a party to the A director of a west coast region pack -religious freedom in Poland stand in suppression pf freedom among our allies. inghouse union, during the hearings on domitable. And it was further forced He has spoken with a firmness unparal Public Law 78 this year, vividly com ··to acknowledge the fact that the Polish leled by any other President in the his mented after describing the absence of farmer w-0uld not tolerate nationaliza tory of the United States that our Nation toilet and handwashing facilities for the tion of his farmlands. will never compromise on the principle of migrants: In the wake of the Polish uprising, a freedom for our allies in Europe or for Most consumers would gag on the salad if whole series of other reforms were insti our own people. they saw these conditions, the lack of sani tuted. President Kennedy dispelled any ·tary conditions, under which these products Weighed against the complete freedom doubts regarding his stubborn determina a.re grown and processed. of an American, the newly won liberties tion that freedom must reign in our A Texas migrant worker, told the Sen experienced by the Poles after the Poz own country and the world when he as ate Subcommittee on Migratory Labor: nan uprising would indeed appear min sured the West German people that we I don't call it a good life. A fellow would uscule. But in a country which, since are willing to risk our own cities in de call it a good life when he comes to enjoy it, the beginning of World War II, has been fense of liberty. He spoke magnifi when he make very good money. That is enslaved by the most barbaric methods cently of our determination to preserve the only way he can enjoy life. When you of suppression at the hands of both the freedom for those who are privileged to go into the field and work 12 to 15 hours Nazis and the Communists, these were, enjoy it. a day, do you think that is enjoying life? No, indeed, staggering gains. These newly But having said all of this, the Presi no. That is why I am crippled now, because dent quite properly observed in Berlin I worked too hard in those fields. You have won liberties following the Poznan up to understand such things as that. It is rising produced a rebirth of hope and that restoration of freedom to those who not enjoying life. inspiration that Poland would again tragically do not now enjoy it, in Europe . someday rejoin the family of free na- ls a slow and painstaking process. The Do not these workers deserve a vastly tions. President correctly observed that ·while improved economic life? Are we going Therefore, Mr. Speaker, these hard there can be no question of the ultimate to be inhumane enough to refuse them won liberties in a sea· of Communist ·unification of the German nation, this that because we an. afraid to let a small tyranny cannot be minimized. long-awaited day will not occur tomor sector of agriculture undergo a little free It is easy enough for those who have row. market adjustment? never felt the full brutality of oppression It is quite apparent that President to talk of the grand plan for freedom. Kennedy has reemphasized his deter SEVENTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE I wonder what their attitude would be mination for restoration of freedom to . if they had to carve out this freedom all the nations of Europe without the risk POZNAN UPRISING of :mclear war. It will not surprise me, Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr. Speaker, I in a nation like Poland which was, prior to June 27. 1956, under the complete therefore, to see a new formula emerge ask unanimous consent that the gentle domination of heavily armed Soviet in Europe with the full support of the man from illinois [Mr. PucINSKil may troops internally and surrounded on all West German administration. One extend his remarks at this point in the sides of her borders by massive Soviet which will call for greater economic ex RECORD and include extraneous matter. armies externally. change between East and West Ger The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there ·many; greater cultural exchanges; a objection to the request of the gentleman The full scope of these gallant Poles' stabilizing of the Berlin situation with from Oklahoma? monumental contribution on the altar of an assurance that our integrity and sov There was no objection. freedom in the Poznan uprising can be ereignty in West Berlin will not be im Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, today, measured only when we recognize fully paired; and finally an early recognition June 27, 1963, marks the seventh anni the staggering odds against their success. of the western boundaries of .Poland in versary of the heroic Polish uprising in The fact that this brave adventure in order to help free that nation from her Poznan, which produced the first serious the cause of freedom brought to Poland complete dependence on the Soviet setback to communism in Europe since a new wave of liberty demonstrated again Union and restore closer relations be World War II. why tyrants throughout the ages have tween Poland and Germany. That inspiring uprising came as no learned to respect that undying spirit of I was among those who most bitterly surprise to students of Polish history. the Poles. opposed the abstention of the United For more than 1,000 years, the people of Poznan was completely surrounded by States when the crucial vote concerning Poland have demonstrated their deep Soviet tanks during this heroic uprising. recognition of the Hungarian Commu dedication to the principles of freedom Undaunted, rebellious Poles fought these nist regime credentials came before the and human dignity. steel behemoths with their hands, United Nations. When on June 27, 1956, a large group wooden clubs, stones, and whatever other But, if this action .is being taken as of students in Poznan led an uprising weapons they could find. part of a calculated risk to slowly and against their Communist rulers, these Mr. Speaker, the world cannot let the methodically pull all of the captive na young people were writing but another seventh anniversary of the Poznan up tions away from Moscow rule, then in chapter in the glorious book of courage rising go unnoticed, particularly as I be deed the whole free world must pray for which their Polish predecessors have lieve that we are today on the threshold the success of this maneuver. inscribed in blood against tyranny and of an entirely new situation developing . Perhaps we are witnessing in Presi oppression. ·among the captive nations. Even though ·dent Kennedy's very successful trip to Nor should it come as any particular 7 years have elapsed, the spirit of the Europe the beginning of this long road surprise that the new Communist regime Poznan uprising continues to this day. to freedom for all of Europe. which replaced the old guard in Poland The Communist rulers of Poland, It would appear to me the prospects as a result of this heroic Poznan uprising under tremendous pressure, have made of weakening the Soviet grip upon the moved very quickly and decisively to repeated attempts to curtail the limited captive nations are more favorable today provide the people of Poland with a liberties won by the Poles in the Poznan than ever before. The Soviet Union, pre greater degree ·of freedom in their dally uprising. These Communist efforts have occupied with its internal problems with lives. failed and I predict they will continue to Red China on the one hand, and seeing Let there be no mistake. Poland con fail so long as one single Pole is denied the great promise of Communist reforms tinues to be under Communist domina- his rightful freedom and dignity. unable to live up to expectations both in J1848 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD -.HOUSE June .27 the captive nations and the Soviet Union ple of Europe, including the determined Mr. TALCO'IT. Mr. Speaker, the mi ·itself, on the other hand, might 'iery Poles, whose heroism is exceeded only by grant system for providing supplemental well learn that this particular time is their mature patience and unyielding agricultural labor should be thoroughly most propitious for the West to launch dedication to human dignity. studied by a committee of Congress. a gigantic effort toward peaceful libera Better: yet, Members of Congress would tion of the captive nations. learn much by actually visiting an agri Mr. Speaker, we are today paying CIVIL DEFENSE cultural area during the harvest season tribute to the seventh anniversary of the Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr. Speaker, I to personally experience the migrant's Poznan uprising. Man's heroic efforts ask unanimous consent that the gentle plight. I would be pleased to arrange to free himself from tyranny by means man from Texas CMr. GoNZALEzl may such a tour for any interested Member. of blood and sword has always provided extend his remarks at this point 1n the I live in John Steinbeck's home town, the most inspiring pages of history. In RECORD and include extraneous matter. Salinas, Calif. "East of Eden" is my this modern world, however, with its The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there home. The Salinas Valley is one of the huge tanks, cannons, massive armies, objection to the request of the gentleman most productive agricultural areas in the and the overwhelming shadow of nuclear from Oklahoma? world. ''Of Mice and Men" and "Grapes destruction, the struggle for freedom There was no objection. of Wrath'' tell some of the story of this can no longer be resolved by the use of Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, these beautiful valley-but not the whole story, armed force. are dangerous times, and the Govern of course. Courageous as the Poznan uprising ment is now making a survey of all build One of the cruelest phases of our so was, the road to freedom for the Polish ings which have thick and strong walls cial-economic life is the migrant labor people and those of all the other captive walls which might offer protection family. The innocent children suffer nations including the Soviet Union, lies against the deadly dangers of the radio most. Until you have lived with a mi in deliberate and determined diplomacy active fallout that would follow an grant family or have lived in a town and a resolve that there is more vigor in atomic attack. All such shelters are through which the migrant families must defending a right than in denouncing a marked and stocked with survival sup swarm, you cannot appreciate the cruel wrong. plies. ties imposed on them by this nomadic Our concept of human dignity and In San Antonio, we have what might way of life. free enterprise, as we Americans know be the oldest fallout shelter in the United We mortals cannot change, to any ap it, is the right to ultimate victory for States. It is the famous Mission Con preciable extent, the time when crops freedom. This is the right we must al cepcion, founded in 1754. ripen or when harvests are required. ways put forward. Only through in The mission began as a church and Migrant families, not always through creased contacts can we convince those shelter for a few courageous priests and their own ·fault, seriously disrupt a com now suffering the tyranny of communism their charges. It had to be strong, for munity. They cause enormous policing that their greatest hope lies in alining the missiop was frequently subject to problems--crimes and nuisances. They themselves with the West and our insti attack by marauding Apache Indians. increase extraordinarily relief and wel tutions of freedom. Today this same structure is an active fare requirements. They disrupt This is a painstaking process. But church, and now is designated as a shel schools--preventing local and migrant victory is within our grasp. ter for 193 persons in event of an atomic children both from achieving a proper It is for this reason that I feel so cer attack. Its walls are thick and strong education. tain that observers of the international enough· to still off er protection against We in Congress should not encourage scene have completely misjudged the the enemies in my area. this nomadic way of life. The children's real purpose of President Kennedy's Mission Concepcion required some 20 deprivations are, among others, a lack mission to Europe. years to complete, and it has been hailed of security and a normal home. They They have been beguiled by his charm by many historians as the most beauti lead a disrupted life, without roots, ing 3-day visit to that lovely land of the fully proportioned of all the missions. which results in permanent emotional, leprechaun-Ireland. They have been The fortress-church was built of lime social, and educational scars. They do awed by his spectacular welcome in Ger stone cut from nearby quarries, and dec not drop out because they are never in._ many and West Berlin. They are wait orated with colors made of pulverized eluded in. They cause problems for ing with great expectation his visit to field stones and goatsmilk. The once themselves and for society. A family historic Italy and his audience with the vivid colors have long since faded, but needs a permanent home; a migrant newly elected Pope Paul VI. the building is sound and in an excellent never has one. However, behind all of this, I submit, state of repair. Men, without their families, can more Mr. Speaker, was the President's strong This Saturday, June 29, 1963, at 10 appropriately provide the supplemental desire to meet with the leaders of West a.m., I will have the pleasure of joining agricultural labor. If certain moralists Germany; to work out a new course of with the mayor of San Antonio, Bexar declaim that it is more immoral for a action for the resolution of the Berlin County officials, and representatives of man to work for several months away situation and the forging of a new plan the regional, State, and local civil de from his family than to drag his family for pulling the entire Soviet satellite fense for the stocking on the mission. from farm to farm, then I disagree with complex away from Moscow rule. Part of the survival supplies will be the moralists. On this seventh anniversary of the placed in a room once used for drying A man without his family can follow Poznan uprising, let us all pray, there and preserving meat. The original tim the crops for several months, earn good fore, that these words are not a mere bers used for hanging the meat in that money and save it-without dissipating hope. Let us pray they may soon become room are still there, set solidly into the it on the high costs of travel and tem a reality. walls. porary housing-and return to his per Unlike the heroic Poznan uprising, the History has turned a full circle for this manent home and employment during final victory over Communist tyranny ancient church. It once was a fortress the major portion of the year. will not be marked by huge parades and as well as a place of worship. It still There are many moral, decent, reli cheering crowds because it will not hap finds a use as both. It once protected a gious, socially conscious people who be pen in 1 day, 1 week, or 1 month. few settlers from Indian raids, and once lieve that the bracero program is a more The ultimate victory will be won through again will offer safety for our citizens moral, humanitarian, and decent solu a long painstaking and deliberate de against raids of another, of f far more tion to this very tough, difficult, social termination that the erosion which fol terrible kind. lows Communist tyranny must be re economic problem. . placed with fresh hope, ripe for a new harvest of freedom. THE CRUEL MIGRANT LIFE On this inspiring seventh anniversary The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. LEAVE OF ABSENCE of the Poznan uprising, I pray that Presi LIBONATI). Under previous order of the By unanimous consent, leave of ab dent Kennedy's magnificent journey has House, the gentleman from California sence was granted to Mr. ABERNETHY