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Propuesta a Las Autoridades Municipales De Huajuapan De Leon

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Propuesta a Las Autoridades Municipales De Huajuapan De Leon UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE LA MIXTECA PROPUESTA A LAS AUTORIDADES MUNICIPALES DE HUAJUAPAN DE LEÓN, OAXACA, PARA INCENTIVAR LA CREACIÓN DE MICRO Y PEQUEÑAS EMPRESAS POR PARTE DE LOS MIGRANTES MIXTECOS DE RETORNO QUE HAN TRABAJADO EN LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DE AMÉRICA TESIS PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE: MAESTRO EN ADMINISTRACIÓN DE NEGOCIOS PRESENTA: ING. TANIA CASTILLO VILLEGAS DIRECTOR DE TESIS: DR. MARCO POLO TELLO VELASCO HUAJUAPAN DE LEÓN, OAXACA. ENERO 2015. DEDICATORIA A mis padres AGRADECIMIENTOS A Dios y a todas aquellas personas que han formado parte de mí a lo largo de mi vida, en especial a mi familia, a mis padres, que siempre han querido lo mejor para sus hijas, a mis hermanas por estar en buenos y malos momentos apoyándome. A mi pareja, que me motivó a seguir en el sendero del mundo académico, además de enseñarme la grandeza de la Región Mixteca. Al Dr. Marco Polo Tello Velasco por guiarme a lo largo de la elaboración de este trabajo, a la Dra. Mónica Teresa Espinosa Espíndola, al M.M. Perseo Rosales Reyes, a la M.A. Cecilia Ibarra Cantú y a la M.A. María Guadalupe Juana Noriega Gómez por formar parte del equipo de sinodales, además de sus atinadas observaciones y sugerencias para mejorar este trabajo. Así mismo, doy un agradecimiento especial a los migrantes que han compartido sus historias de vida, cuyas aportaciones y experiencias dieron motivo para elaborar este trabajo y a aquellos que están por regresar a su entrañable “Tierra del Sol”. A cada persona que ha confiado en mí y en este trabajo, mil gracias. “¡Que lejos estoy del suelo donde he nacido! inmensa nostalgia invade mi pensamiento; y al verme tan solo y triste cual hoja al viento, quisiera llorar, quisiera morir de sentimiento…” José López Alavez. 2015, año del centenario de la Canción Mixteca INDICE INDICE DE TABLAS .............................................................................................. iv INDICE DE FIGURAS ............................................................................................ iv ABREVIATURAS ..................................................................................................... v INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................... 1 CAPÍTULO 1. METODOLOGÍA .............................................................................. 5 1.1 Planteamiento del problema ................................................................................. 5 1.2 Justificación ......................................................................................................... 6 1.2.1 Pertinencia .............................................................................................................................. 8 1.2.2 Relevancia ............................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Objetivos .............................................................................................................. 9 1.3.1 Objetivo general ...................................................................................................................... 9 1.3.2 Objetivos específicos ............................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Preguntas de investigación ................................................................................. 10 1.5 Enfoque de la investigación ................................................................................ 10 1.6 Alcance de la investigación ................................................................................. 10 1.7 Tipo de diseño no experimental .......................................................................... 11 1.8 Selección de la muestra ...................................................................................... 12 1.9 Instrumentos de investigación ............................................................................ 13 1.10 Producto de la investigación ............................................................................... 14 CAPÍTULO 2. MARCO TEÓRICO .......................................................................... 15 2.1 Migración, migrante y remesas .......................................................................... 15 2.2 Empresa y factores que determinan su creación ................................................. 24 2.3 Municipio de Huajuapan de León y su entorno ................................................. 26 CAPÍTULO 3. HISTORIAS DE VIDA ..................................................................... 28 3.1 Caso 1 ................................................................................................................. 30 3.2 Caso 2. ................................................................................................................ 44 3.3 Caso 3 ................................................................................................................. 52 3.4 Caso 4 ................................................................................................................. 60 3.5 Caso 5 ................................................................................................................. 67 CAPÍTULO 4. RESULTADOS ............................................................................... 71 CAPÍTULO 5. PROGRAMAS FEDERALES PARA EMPRENDER UN NEGOCIO 75 i 5.1 Programas de emprendimiento .......................................................................... 75 5.1.1 Programa de Opciones Productivas ....................................................................................... 76 5.1.2 Programa de Apoyo para la Productividad de la Mujer Emprendedora ................................ 76 5.1.3 Creación, seguimiento y fortalecimiento de empresas tradicionales e incubadoras y empresas de alto impacto ................................................................................................................................... 77 5.1.4 Realización de eventos empresariales para fomentar el desarrollo de los sectores estratégicos, encuentros de negocio y/o el emprendimiento ............................................................... 78 5.1.5 Formación y Fortalecimiento de Capacidades Empresariales ............................................... 78 5.2 Programas federales enfocados a migrantes ....................................................... 79 5.2.1 Programa 3x1 para migrantes ................................................................................................ 80 5.2.2 Fondo de Apoyo a Migrantes ................................................................................................ 84 5.2.3 Programa Paisano .................................................................................................................. 85 CAPÍTULO 6. PROPUESTA A LAS AUTORIDADES MUNICIPALES DE HUAJUAPAN DE LEÓN, OAXACA, PARA INCENTIVAR LA CREACIÓN DE MIPES POR PARTE DE LOS MIGRANTES QUE HAN TRABAJADO EN LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DE AMÉRICA ........................................................................ 86 6.1 Introducción ....................................................................................................... 86 6.2 Justificación ....................................................................................................... 87 6.3 Objetivo ............................................................................................................. 90 6.4 Objetivos específicos ........................................................................................... 90 6.5 Población objetivo .............................................................................................. 90 6.6 Perfil del migrante.............................................................................................. 95 6.7 Desarrollo de la Propuesta ............................................................................... 100 6.7.1 Fase I. Conociendo al migrante ........................................................................................... 101 6.7.1.1 Acercamiento .............................................................................................................. 101 6.7.1.2 Apoyos de información y asesoría .............................................................................. 102 6.7.1.3 Reinserción del migrante a su entorno familiar y social ............................................. 104 6.7.2 Fase II. Emprendimiento ..................................................................................................... 108 6.7.2.1 Evaluación y fortalecimiento de habilidades emprendedoras del migrante ................ 109 6.7.2.2 Incentivando la formación en el migrante .................................................................. 114 6.7.2.3 La importancia de la existencia de socios ................................................................... 117 6.7.3 Fase III. Implantación del proyecto empresa ....................................................................... 119 6.7.3.1 Informe sobre apoyos de financiamiento a emprendedores ........................................ 119 6.7.3.2 Constitución de la empresa ......................................................................................... 120 6.7.3.3 Disponibilidad de espacio e infraestructura ................................................................ 121 6.7.3.4 La cultura empresarial de la sociedad para emprender un negocio............................ 122 ii 6.8 Recomendaciones
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