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RANDALL-DISSERTATION-2015.Pdf Copyright by Amanda Ziemba Randall 2015 The Dissertation Committee for Amanda Ziemba Randall Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Translating the Discipline: On the Institutional Memory of German Volkskunde, 1945 to Present Committee: Katherine Arens, Supervisor Sabine Hake John Hoberman Marc Pierce Angela Nonaka Translating the Discipline: On the Institutional Memory of German Volkskunde, 1945 to Present by Amanda Ziemba Randall, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2015 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my adviser and mentor, Katherine Arens, for her patient guidance and sustaining enthusiasum over these last years, and for the many opportunities she gave me for professional and scholarly growth. I also would like to thank Sabine Hake for her mentorship in scholarly writing and for two wonderful years at German Studies Review watching our field’s institutional memory unfold together; John Hoberman for his careful reading and insistence on clarity, especially concerning the theoretical elements of this work; Marc Pierce for valuable professional advice and for reminding me not to overlook Volkskunde’s shared genealogy with Germanic linguistics; and Angela Nonaka for enthusiastic encouragement and for providing a structured intellectual space within which to articulate this project in its beginning stages. For her feedback and encouragement in the last phase of writing, I also would like to thank Janet Swaffar. A number of anthropologists in the U.S. and Germany also guided and supported me at different stages along the twelve-year path to this dissertation. I would like to especially thank Robert Rotenberg at DePaul University; George Marcus and James D. Faubion at Rice University; Ina-Maria Greverus, Gisela Welz, and Regina Römhild at the Goethe University of Frankfurt am Main; Dorle Dracklé at the University of Bremen; Werner Krauss at the Helmholtz Center Geesthacht Institute of Coastal Research; and Mary Beth Stein at George Washington University. This project would not have been possible without the generous financial support of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and The University of Texas at Austin, through which I was able to spend two summers conducting ethnographic and archival research in Germany and Austria. The interview protocol was approved by the University’s Institutional Review Board (2010-03-0104). I would like to thank my generous interviewees at university institutes of Volkskunde, Europäische Ethnologie, and Ethnologie in Germany and Austria. I thank my dissertation writing group, Karin Maxey, Christina Walter-Gensler, and David Hünlich, for their valuable feedback on my writing and invaluable moral support. Thank you to my copyeditor, Monica Birth Hoesch. Thank you to the friends who aided and sheltered me during my whirlwind fieldwork in 2010 and 2011: Sarah Orlovsky and Monika Ritter, Grit Lehmann and Rainer Rebuschat, Mercedeh Golriz and Ali Esmi, G. Gwenn Hiller and Jan Hoffmann, Austin and Britta Moore, Oliver Hinkelbein, Bradley Boovy, and Fr. Martin Löwenstein. I want to thank my parents, Dennis and Carol Ziemba (may they rest in peace) for raising me to be a professional student, whether they meant to or not. Finally, this project would not have been possible without the love and support of my husband, Mason Randall, and the laughter and smiles of our son, August. I love you both dearly. Thank you. iv Translating the Discipline: On the Institutional Memory of German Volkskunde, 1945 to Present Amanda Ziemba Randall, Ph.D. The University of Texas at Austin, 2015 Supervisor: Katherine Arens This study examines how Europeanist ethnologists (Volkskundler / Europäische Ethnologen) in Germany (East, West, and reunified) have reconstructed their discipline’s history from the end of World War II to the present. In this treatment, historiography is understood not simply as a discourse, but as a narrative performance by and for parties invested in the discipline. These performances, it will be shown, have real implications for the field’s organizational and epistemic structuring, and vice versa—a symbiosis referred to here as “institutional memory.” The project’s goal is not to produce another history of the discipline, but rather to trace how institutional memory is rewritten or translated (in André Lefevere’s sense) across historical ruptures and in conversation with other social fields (in Pierre Bourdieu’s sense). By mapping the disciplinary identities performed by the field’s authorized parties in monographs, articles, programmatic statements, and interviews conducted with three generations of Volkskundler / Europäische Ethnologen, the analysis reveals to what extent the field’s institutional memory aligns with postwar Germany’s ongoing struggle to connect its past with its current national and global identities. Part I considers how the trope of Vergangenheitsbewältigung (overcoming the past) came to dominate institutional memory in West German and post-reunification Volkskunde / Europäische Ethnologie. Parts II and III then consider latent and emergent v boundary issues that had been eclipsed by the long shadow of the National Socialist past. Part II examines the dynamics of East German Volkskunde’s institutional memory and the challenge of gathering the two national traditions into a unified institutional memory after national reunification in 1989/90. Part III considers patterns of interdisciplinary and international boundary-crossing and -reinforcement shown to be both latent across the field’s postwar institutional memory and emergent as the field continues to translate its identity in confronting new external pressures. By considering narrative performances of boundary problems as sites of institutional memory in their own right, the final analysis reveals how the preoccupation with the effects of the Nazi era is in fact only one of several possible, concurrent translations of a centuries-old anxiety over the field’s legitimacy as an independent and institutionalized scientific discipline. vi Table of Contents Introduction ..............................................................................................................1 Origins of Study and Resulting Methodology ................................................8 Delimiting Volkskunde: The Standard History .............................................19 Organization of the Dissertation ...................................................................25 Study Frameworks .................................................................................................29 History, Philosophy, and Sociology of Science ............................................33 Critical Historiography of Scientific Disciplines ..........................................46 Institutional Memory and Translation ..........................................................60 PART I: TRANSLATIONS OF VERGANGENHEITSBEWÄLTIGUNG IN THE INSTITUTIONAL MEMORY OF WEST GERMAN VOLKSKUNDE 73 Chapter 1: First Responses, 1945–1960.................................................................82 Summary .....................................................................................................102 Chapter 2: Vergangenheitsbewältigung, 1960–1980 ...........................................106 The Swelling of Second-wave Vergangenheitsbewältigung ......................111 From Volkskunde to the “Vielnamenfach” ..................................................119 Summary .....................................................................................................135 Chapter 3: From Third-wave Vergangenheitsbewältigung to “Normalization,” 1980 to Present ...............................................................137 Third-wave Disciplinary Vergangenheitsbewältigung, 1980–1995 ...........142 From Vergangenheitsbewältigung to “Normalization,” 1995 to Present ...................................................................................156 Summary .....................................................................................................179 PART II: EAST GERMAN VOLKSKUNDE AS A CASE OF INSTITUTIONAL MEMORY, AMNESIA, AND MEMORY CONTESTS 182 Chapter 4: Institutional Memory in and of East German Volkskunde, 1945–1989...................................................................................................188 Founding Myths and Scientific-Political Aufgaben ....................................193 Interdisciplinary and International Boundary Issues ..................................208 vii Summary .....................................................................................................225 Chapter 5: Institutional Memory of East German Volkskunde, Reunification to Present ..............................................................................227 From Institutional Amnesia to Institutional Memory Contests ..................228 Summary .....................................................................................................250 PART III: BOUNDARIES AS A LATENT AND EMERGENT TROPE OF VOLKSKUNDE’S INSTITUTIONAL MEMORY 252 Chapter 6: On the Ambivalence of Boundary-Crossing in Institutional Memory ..............................................................................262 Neighboring Fields as Threat, as Resource .................................................263
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