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Community-Led Development in Kayah: Challenges and Lessons from Collective Community Leadership

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Community-Led Development in Kayah: Challenges and Lessons from Collective Community Leadership COMMUNITY-LED DEVELOPMENT IN KAYAH: CHALLENGES AND LESSONS FROM COLLECTIVE COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP RESEARCH PAPER – OCTOBER 2020 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The lead researchers and the research team would like to thank to everyone who contributed to this study. We acknowledge the time given by Lireh Angelo, U Saw Eh Dah, U Nan Ree, U Ree Reh, Ma Marina, Ma Tarmalar (Local Development Network Senior Management Team) and all LDN staff that participated in the research. We also would like to thank the Village Tract Community Based Organisation (VTCBO) members, community members, village administrators, village tract administrators and village tract clerks from 22 village tracts in Demoso and Hpruso townships. In ActionAid Myanmar, we would like to thank the Uplands Team, in particular Lin Yaung Oo and Hnin Su. Also, thanks to James Gabriel from AAM Programme Quality team. We appreciate the financial contribution made by ActionAid Myanmar’s donor for making this research possible. Lead Researcher Editors Ran Lunn Aung and Nang K Thwe Charles David Crumpton The Bridge Research and Consultancy Co., Ltd Mariana Cifuentes Research Team and Contributors Copyeditor Moses Phyareh Paul Taylor Htay Khine Shin Lay Reh Photographer Let Let Lin Zin Mar Nnin Naw Lay Lay Phaw Saw Eh Dah Pint Ree Let Let Lin Phu Maw Hse Lae Saw Nay Thaw Cover Photo Sai Myar Discussion about child rights in community Soe Reh (education project) in Law Plyar Leh village, Hpruso township in 2018. ABOUT THE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT NETWORK In 2012, the Local Development Network (LDN) in Kayah State started with the support given by Metta, ActionAid Myanmar and Shalom Nyein Foundation’s Fellowship program. Since then, LDN has become one of the most important civil society organisations in Kayah State. LDN is led by six Fellow alumni that make up its Senior Management Team. LDN works in education, community empowerment, livelihoods and environment, peace and governance and social protection. This bottom-up planning project is part of the LDN peace and governance portfolio. ABOUT ACTIONAID MYANMAR ActionAid is a feminist organisation that uses a human rights-based approach (HRBA) to ensure that the voices of the most vulnerable, particularly women and youth, are heard. ActionAid is working with communities across the world to develop solutions that help people adapt to clima- te change impacts and build resilience. ActionAid is working with civil society organisations and networks across the world to protect civic and political rights. In 2018, AAM and LDN began to work together to establish village tract plans, aggregating needs identified in community-based development plans. ActionAid Myanmar I i TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................... I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................II ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................ V 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Objectives of the Study ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Kayah State .............................................................................................................................................. 3 1.3. Demoso and Hpruso Townships ............................................................................................................ 3 Demoso Township ....................................................................................................................................3 Hpruso Township .....................................................................................................................................3 1.4. Community-Led Development (CLD) in Kayah ...................................................................................... 4 1.5. Local governance ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1.6. Civil Society Organisations (CSOs)/Community Based Organisations (CBOs) .................................... 6 1.7. Intersectionality of gender, age, ethnicity, and socio-economic status ............................................... 6 1.8. Impact of Covid-19 .................................................................................................................................. 6 2. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK .................................................................................. 7 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................................................. 10 3.1. Limitations ............................................................................................................................................. 10 4. FINDINGS ............................................................................................................. 11 4.1. Role of LDN in establishing VTCBOs ..................................................................................................... 11 4.2. VTCBOs and community development ............................................................................................... 12 Formation of VTCBOs .............................................................................................................................13 The Beginning of the VTCBOS ................................................................................................................14 From Village to Village Tract Action Plans .............................................................................................14 4.3. Internal Factors that influence performance of VTCBOs ....................................................................15 Intersectionality .....................................................................................................................................17 Challenges within VTCBOs......................................................................................................................17 Inadequate funding for VTCBO operations ............................................................................................17 I I ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITY-LED DEVELOPMENT IN KAYAH 4.4. External Factors that influence VTCBO performance .........................................................................18 Challenges to community philanthropy .................................................................................................18 Governance ............................................................................................................................................19 Relationship between VTCBOs and the government departments ........................................................19 Integrating Village Tracts Action Plans in Township Planning Processes ...............................................21 4.5. Impact of VTCBOs .................................................................................................................................. 21 Community to government impacts .......................................................................................................21 Governance impacts...............................................................................................................................21 Community perceptions .........................................................................................................................22 Changes in women’s participation and power dynamics ......................................................................22 5. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................23 5.1. The future of VTCBOs ........................................................................................................................... 23 5.2. Lessons learned and recommendations ............................................................................................. 24 Include women and youth in VTCBOs leadership ...................................................................................24 Strengthen and maintain close relationships with community members .............................................24 Networking with government ...............................................................................................................24 Need for continuing support from LDN ..................................................................................................24 Revise training design ............................................................................................................................24 Monitor the performance of VTCBOs .....................................................................................................25 Share lessons learned across VTCBOs ....................................................................................................25 REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................26 ANNEX .......................................................................................................................28 1. Research process ..................................................................................................................................
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