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Colonial Contractions: the Making of the Modern Philippines, 1565–1946
Colonial Contractions: The Making of the Modern Philippines, 1565–1946 Colonial Contractions: The Making of the Modern Philippines, 1565–1946 Vicente L. Rafael Subject: Southeast Asia, Philippines, World/Global/Transnational Online Publication Date: Jun 2018 DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.268 Summary and Keywords The origins of the Philippine nation-state can be traced to the overlapping histories of three empires that swept onto its shores: the Spanish, the North American, and the Japanese. This history makes the Philippines a kind of imperial artifact. Like all nation- states, it is an ineluctable part of a global order governed by a set of shifting power rela tionships. Such shifts have included not just regime change but also social revolution. The modernity of the modern Philippines is precisely the effect of the contradictory dynamic of imperialism. The Spanish, the North American, and the Japanese colonial regimes, as well as their postcolonial heir, the Republic, have sought to establish power over social life, yet found themselves undermined and overcome by the new kinds of lives they had spawned. It is precisely this dialectical movement of empires that we find starkly illumi nated in the history of the Philippines. Keywords: Philippines, colonialism, empire, Spain, United States, Japan The origins of the modern Philippine nation-state can be traced to the overlapping histo ries of three empires: Spain, the United States, and Japan. This background makes the Philippines a kind of imperial artifact. Like all nation-states, it is an ineluctable part of a global order governed by a set of shifting power relationships. -
The La Solidaridad and Philippine Journalism in Spain (1889-1895)
44 “Our Little Newspaper”… “OUR LITTLE NEWSPAPER” THE LA SOLIDARIDAD AND PHILIPPINE JOURNALISM IN SPAIN (1889-1895) Jose Victor Z. Torres, PhD De La Salle University-Manila [email protected] “Nuestros periodiquito” or “Our little newspaper” Historian, archivist, and writer Manuel Artigas y was how Marcelo del Pilar described the periodical Cuerva had written works on Philippine journalism, that would serve as the organ of the Philippine especially during the celebration of the tercentenary reform movement in Spain. For the next seven years, of printing in 1911. A meticulous researcher, Artigas the La Solidaridad became the respected Philippine newspaper in the peninsula that voiced out the viewed and made notes on the pre-war newspaper reformists’ demands and showed their attempt to collection in the government archives and the open the eyes of the Spaniards to what was National Library. One of the bibliographical entries happening to the colony in the Philippines. he wrote was that of the La Solidaridad, which he included in his work “El Centenario de la Imprenta”, But, despite its place in our history, the story of a series of articles in the American period magazine the La Solidaridad has not entirely been told. Madalas Renacimiento Filipino which ran from 1911-1913. pag-usapan pero hindi alam ang kasaysayan. We do not know much of the La Solidaridad’s beginnings, its Here he cited a published autobiography by reformist struggle to survive as a publication, and its sad turned revolutionary supporter, Timoteo Paez as his ending. To add to the lacunae of information, there source. -
Archivo Del Bibliófilo Filipino : Recopilación De Documentos Históricos, Científicos, Literarios Y Políticos Y Estudios
te f i f i f i ARCHIVO f i DEL f i f i f i BIBLIÓFILO FILIPINO f i f i f i RECOPILACIÓN DE DOCUMENTOS f i f i HISTÓRICOS, CIENTÍFICOS, LITERARIOS Y POLÍTICOS y ESTUDIOS BIBLIOGRAFICOS por \V. K. KKTANA TOMO SEGUNDO M ADUJO 1896 PUBLICACIONES DE W. E. RETANA Miembro del Be&l Iottltato de lee lodlee NserlundeAM de El Haya; di lu Sooledsd» Geigráflcas de Berlín, Madrid y Tiene; C. del Instituto Onlonlnl International de Bmaelos. Pesetas. I. E l I ndio B atangueS o. (Estudio etnográfico, premia do en la Exposición Filipina de Madrid de 1887.) 7/ edición: Manila, 1888. 110 págs. en 8.° Ago tada.................................................................................. >> a.— T ransformismo, f Sátira de costumbres filipinas.) 3." edición: Manila, 1889. 40 págs. en 8.° Agotada.. » FOLLETOS FILIPINOS (políticos). 3 . — I . F r a il e s t clérigo s. 3.a edición corregida y au mentada: Madrid, 18 9 1. 14a págs. en 13 .0. 1,25 4. — II. A puntes para la H istoria. Madrid, 1890. 96 páginas en 8.°........................................................ 1,00 5. —III. S inapism os. Primera serie. Madrid, 1890.96 pá ginas en 8.° Agotada........................................... » 6. —IV. R eformas t otros ex c eso s. Madrid, 1890. 96 páginas en 8.®..................................................... 1,00 7. —C uestio nes f il ip in a s. A v iso s t Pr o fec ías. Madrid. 1892. XVI + 368 págs. en 8.® Agolada................ » 8. — C atálogo d e la B iblio teca filipina d e W . E . R e ta n a . Madrid, 1893. 68 hojas en fol., á dos co lumnas. -
1001 Years of Missing Martial Arts
1001 Years of Missing Martial Arts IMPORTANT NOTICE: Author: Master Mohammed Khamouch Chief Editor: Prof. Mohamed El-Gomati All rights, including copyright, in the content of this document are owned or controlled for these purposes by FSTC Limited. In Deputy Editor: Prof. Mohammed Abattouy accessing these web pages, you agree that you may only download the content for your own personal non-commercial Associate Editor: Dr. Salim Ayduz use. You are not permitted to copy, broadcast, download, store (in any medium), transmit, show or play in public, adapt or Release Date: April 2007 change in any way the content of this document for any other purpose whatsoever without the prior written permission of FSTC Publication ID: 683 Limited. Material may not be copied, reproduced, republished, Copyright: © FSTC Limited, 2007 downloaded, posted, broadcast or transmitted in any way except for your own personal non-commercial home use. Any other use requires the prior written permission of FSTC Limited. You agree not to adapt, alter or create a derivative work from any of the material contained in this document or use it for any other purpose other than for your personal non-commercial use. FSTC Limited has taken all reasonable care to ensure that pages published in this document and on the MuslimHeritage.com Web Site were accurate at the time of publication or last modification. Web sites are by nature experimental or constantly changing. Hence information published may be for test purposes only, may be out of date, or may be the personal opinion of the author. Readers should always verify information with the appropriate references before relying on it. -
UNRIVALED TURKISH SWORD with a UNIQUE DESIGN: “YATAGHAN” Prof
International Journal of Cultural Heritage Tarık Baykara http://iaras.org/iaras/journals/ijch UNRIVALED TURKISH SWORD WITH A UNIQUE DESIGN: “YATAGHAN” Prof. Dr. Tarık Baykara Dogus University Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department Istanbul-Türkiye [email protected] Abstract: “Yataghan”, a unique and unparalleled sword design with its inverse curved or concave shape blade could be traced through the history back to the kurgan culture of the Central Asian steppes dating to 2000-3000 BCE. Widely used during the Ottoman period in the Anatolian penninsula and in the Balkans, it was a traditional weapon used by janissaries-Ottoman infantry soldiers, levents-Ottoman marines and zeibecks-chivalrous gangs of the Aegean Region. The typical inverse curved shape was found in the Northern Ordos bronze blades of the Hunnic-Turkic heritage and evolution of the form can be traced through the ages into the final destination into the town of Yatagan located in southwest Turkey, greater city of Denizli and the town is still very famous for its blacksmithing. Therefore, the 5000 years old tradition could be followed for yataghans based on archeological excavations in the Northern Ordos Region, the Syberian steppes and the Inner Mongolia. A detailed investigation on the geometrical shapes and forms of both “yataghan” and “kinglu” blades (The Northern Ordos bronze blades) could reveal the evolutionary progress of these swords during the ages. Key Words: Yataghan, swords, yataghan blade, inverse blade, 1. Introduction yataghan sword as “Kulaklı (in Turkish)– Yatagan or Yataghan… “Yataghan” is Eared” (Figure 2). a widely known traditional Turkish sword with a unique and unparalleled design which is one Historically, curved shape swords are typical handed with an edge on concave/incurved blade Turkic invention dated back to years 400-500 and a short hilt without a guard. -
Philippine History and Government
Remembering our Past 1521 – 1946 By: Jommel P. Tactaquin Head, Research and Documentation Section Veterans Memorial and Historical Division Philippine Veterans Affairs Office The Philippine Historic Past The Philippines, because of its geographical location, became embroiled in what historians refer to as a search for new lands to expand European empires – thinly disguised as the search for exotic spices. In the early 1400’s, Portugese explorers discovered the abundance of many different resources in these “new lands” heretofore unknown to early European geographers and explorers. The Portugese are quickly followed by the Dutch, Spaniards, and the British, looking to establish colonies in the East Indies. The Philippines was discovered in 1521 by Portugese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and colonized by Spain from 1565 to 1898. Following the Spanish – American War, it became a territory of the United States. On July 4, 1946, the United States formally recognized Philippine independence which was declared by Filipino revolutionaries from Spain. The Philippine Historic Past Although not the first to set foot on Philippine soil, the first well document arrival of Europeans in the archipelago was the Spanish expedition led by Portuguese Ferdinand Magellan, which first sighted the mountains of Samara. At Masao, Butuan, (now in Augustan del Norte), he solemnly planted a cross on the summit of a hill overlooking the sea and claimed possession of the islands he had seen for Spain. Magellan befriended Raja Humabon, the chieftain of Sugbu (present day Cebu), and converted him to Catholicism. After getting involved in tribal rivalries, Magellan, with 48 of his men and 1,000 native warriors, invaded Mactan Island. -
Jose Rizal : Re-Discovering the Revolutionary Filipino Hero in the Age of Terrorism
JOSE RIZAL : RE-DISCOVERING THE REVOLUTIONARY FILIPINO HERO IN THE AGE OF TERRORISM BY E. SAN JUAN, Jr. Fellow, WEB Du Bois Institute, Harvard University Yo la tengo, y yo espero que ha de brillar un dia en que venza la Idea a la fuerza brutal, que despues de la lucha y la lenta agonia, otra vzx mas sonora, mas feliz que la mi sabra cantar entonces el cantico triunfal. [I have the hope that the day will dawn/when the Idea will conquer brutal force; that after the struggle and the lingering travail,/another voice, more sonorous, happier than mine shall know then how to sing the triumphant hymn.] -- Jose Rizal, “Mi Retiro” (22 October 1895) On June 19, 2011, we are celebrating 150 years of Rizal’s achievement and its enduring significance in this new millennium. It seems fortuitous that Rizal’s date of birth would fall just six days after the celebration of Philippine Independence Day - the proclamation of independence from Spanish rule by General Emilio Aguinaldo in Kawit, Cavite, in 1898. In 1962 then President Diosdado Macapagal decreed the change of date from July 4 to June 12 to reaffirm the primacy of the Filipinos’ right to national self-determination. After more than three generations, we are a people still in quest of the right, instruments, and opportunity to determine ourselves as an autonomous, sovereign and singular nation-state. Either ironical or prescient, Aguinaldo’s proclamation (read in the context of US Special Forces engaged today in fighting Filipino socialists and other progressive elements) contains the kernel of the contradictions that have plagued the ruling elite’s claim to political legitimacy: he invoked the mythical benevolence of the occupying power. -
Ongka 1, Kemis Kaping 6 Januwari 1881 Para Ingkang Sami Ngemin
Ongka 1, Kemis kaping 6 Januwari 1881 Para ingkang sami ngemin serat bramartani, kula aturi tumunten angintuni bayaripun dene ingkang taksih kawaledan bayaripun ing taun kapengker, ugi engggal angintuna bayaripun kalih pindhah; Jurungarang. ==============\================== Surakarta Kinanthi mongka panjurung, pabaratan bramartani, nalika rigaraleka, catur janwawari kang warsi, sinenkalan sang ambuja, sariraning para tami. Pangantyan putra sang prabu, kondur mring dalem pribadi, nadyan sang srimung sajuga, pakumpul neng jronig puri, lawan para tuwan-tuwan, paurmatan sang pangantin. Ewadene gara wau, tansah tamu kang pinusthi, myat rawuh ing sang pangantyan, mung para tuwan wlandi, kintening tyas kang mangabar, ing bramartani manawi. Karsa dalem sang aprabu, runtut aka kadang sai, kasubingngrat praja liyan, nenggih kangjen gsribupati, sanetya sang pangudinya, pamong mitra kang lastari. Mring para tuwan sadarum, sih siniyan awat kongsi, rengkajroning tyas sypaya, tinulada para sami,putra sang sudibyeng praja, katandhan widadeng puji. Kuburan Pacangkramaning durjana Nalika kaping 22 dhesember punika, jam 9, enjing, panewu pulisi kabudidayan ing tampir (Bayalali) pinuju amariksani dhusun dhusun bawahipun wonten sawetaning dhusun jethis kapethuk tiyang bawahipun anama tawijaya ing dirnca, lampahipun agagancangan lajeng kaandheg saha kapratitisaken tawijaya amratelakaken bilih lembunipun mentas kabradhat ing durjana, ananging lacakipun taksih urut anjog ing dhusun madhuk bawah mangkunegaran ing ngriku andadosaken kemenganing manahipun panewu -
FRISSON: the Collected Criticism of Alice Guillermo
FRIS SON: The Collected Criticism of Alice Guillermo Reviewing Current Art | 23 The Social Form of Art | 4 Patrick D. Flores Abstract and/or Figurative: A Wrong Choice | 9 SON: Assessing Alice G. Guillermo a Corpus | 115 Annotating Alice: A Biography from Her Bibliography | 16 Roberto G. Paulino Rendering Culture Political | 161 Timeline | 237 Acknowledgment | 241 Biographies | 242 PCAN | 243 Broadening the Public Sphere of Art | 191 FRISSON The Social Form of Art by Patrick D. Flores The criticism of Alice Guillermo presents an instance in which the encounter of the work of art resists a series of possible alienations even as it profoundly acknowledges the integrity of distinct form. The critic in this situation attentively dwells on the material of this form so that she may be able to explicate the ecology and the sociality without which it cannot concretize. The work of art, therefore, becomes the work of the world, extensively and deeply conceived. Such present-ness is vital as the critic faces the work in the world and tries to ramify that world beyond what is before her. This is one alienation that is calibrated. The work of art transpiring in the world becomes the work of the critic who lets it matter in language, freights it and leavens it with presence so that human potential unerringly turns plastic, or better still, animate: Against the cold stone, tomblike and silent, are the living glances, supplicating, questioning, challenging, or speaking—the eyes quick with feeling or the movements of thought, the mouths delicately shaping speech, the expressive gestures, and the bodies in their postures determined by the conditions of work and social circumstance. -
Jose Rizal and the Construction of National Identity (Colonialism and Nationalism)
TITLE: Jose Rizal and the Construction of National Identity (Colonialism and Nationalism) Author: Doug Kotlarczyk. Lake Forest High School, Lake Forest, IL Course: World History Additional Resources Used: American Occupation of the Philippines reading; Philippine National Hero packet; Filipinos PowerPoint Lesson Objective: Students will be able to describe the way in which colonialism affects the development of national identity. Method/Activities: After reading a brief background on the Philippine-American War and the American occupation of the Philippines, groups of 3 students (representing the 3 Filipino members of the Taft Commission) will select a Philippine national hero. The teacher will then lead a full class discussion on the implications of colonialism, using the selection of Rizal as the national hero as an exemplar case. Assessment: On the basis of student contributions to small group and full class discussions. Procedures: Before the Lesson: What the teacher will be doing: What the students will be doing: Prepare copies of readings - During the Lesson: What the teacher will be doing: What the students will be doing: Set Induction: Show Filipinos PowerPoint. Ask Set Induction: Look at pictures on Filipinos students to take a look at pictures of some regular PowerPoint; jot down possible differences Filipinos, and then at Filipino celebrities. Do they see any differences? Jot them down in their notes. Body of the lesson: Body of the lesson: Phase 1: Break students into group of 3 and Phase 1: Read American Occupation of the distribute American Occupation of the Philippines Philippines in small groups. reading Phase 2: Introduce yourself as American general Phase 2: Read Philippine National Hero reading Adna Chafee, commander of US forces in the packet, and discuss in groups who your Philippines. -
FILIPINOS in HISTORY Published By
FILIPINOS in HISTORY Published by: NATIONAL HISTORICAL INSTITUTE T.M. Kalaw St., Ermita, Manila Philippines Research and Publications Division: REGINO P. PAULAR Acting Chief CARMINDA R. AREVALO Publication Officer Cover design by: Teodoro S. Atienza First Printing, 1990 Second Printing, 1996 ISBN NO. 971 — 538 — 003 — 4 (Hardbound) ISBN NO. 971 — 538 — 006 — 9 (Softbound) FILIPINOS in HIS TOR Y Volume II NATIONAL HISTORICAL INSTITUTE 1990 Republic of the Philippines Department of Education, Culture and Sports NATIONAL HISTORICAL INSTITUTE FIDEL V. RAMOS President Republic of the Philippines RICARDO T. GLORIA Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports SERAFIN D. QUIASON Chairman and Executive Director ONOFRE D. CORPUZ MARCELINO A. FORONDA Member Member SAMUEL K. TAN HELEN R. TUBANGUI Member Member GABRIEL S. CASAL Ex-OfficioMember EMELITA V. ALMOSARA Deputy Executive/Director III REGINO P. PAULAR AVELINA M. CASTA/CIEDA Acting Chief, Research and Chief, Historical Publications Division Education Division REYNALDO A. INOVERO NIMFA R. MARAVILLA Chief, Historic Acting Chief, Monuments and Preservation Division Heraldry Division JULIETA M. DIZON RHODORA C. INONCILLO Administrative Officer V Auditor This is the second of the volumes of Filipinos in History, a com- pilation of biographies of noted Filipinos whose lives, works, deeds and contributions to the historical development of our country have left lasting influences and inspirations to the present and future generations of Filipinos. NATIONAL HISTORICAL INSTITUTE 1990 MGA ULIRANG PILIPINO TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Lianera, Mariano 1 Llorente, Julio 4 Lopez Jaena, Graciano 5 Lukban, Justo 9 Lukban, Vicente 12 Luna, Antonio 15 Luna, Juan 19 Mabini, Apolinario 23 Magbanua, Pascual 25 Magbanua, Teresa 27 Magsaysay, Ramon 29 Makabulos, Francisco S 31 Malabanan, Valerio 35 Malvar, Miguel 36 Mapa, Victorino M. -
FILIPINO MARTIAL ARTS the Filipino Martial Arts
Ronald A. Harris, Ph.D. FILIPINO MARTIAL ARTS The Filipino martial arts (FMA) can be called Filipino fencing, because they are methods of personal armed combat that emphasize skills in weaponry over skills in empty hands. Unarmed combat is practiced in FMA, but is traditionally studied after weaponry. This training sequence sets FMA apart from other martial arts that initiate with empty hands. Armed combat is known as Arnis, Eskrima (fencing, Spanish), and Kali. Arnis derives from the Spanish arnes meaning armor. It also comes from “harness,” referring to the battle harness worn by Filipino soldiers under Spanish command. Arnis-de-mano means “harness of hand”, referring to deft hand movements of Filipino grooms for Spanish officers. These lightning fast hand movements were native martial arts techniques in disguise. Forbidden by the Spanish to practice martial arts, defiant Filipinos retained their fighting skills in secret by hiding them in dance forms called Santikan, Sayaw, and Moro-Moro. Other etymologies have been suggested for the names of the various Filipino arts. Dueling an opponent is “to skirmish”. The Spanish term Esgrima is in the Pilipino language. Kali might be named after the Hindu Goddess of c:\mars\clio\fma 1 Ronald A. Harris, Ph.D. Destruction. Dan Inosanto says Kali is the conjunction of the first syllables of two words from the Philippine Islands Visayan language--kamot meaning “hand” and lihok meaning “motion”. Thus, Kali means “hand motion”. An etymology of the Pilipino language indicates otherwise. In the Hiligaynon dialect of the Western Visayas, the term kali means “to dig”, as with a shovel (pala).