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Indonesian Primate Profile Presbytis Comata Common Names: English: the Javan Surili, Grizzled Leaf Monkey; Indonesia: Surili, Rekrekan

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Indonesian Primate Profile Presbytis Comata Common Names: English: the Javan Surili, Grizzled Leaf Monkey; Indonesia: Surili, Rekrekan Jurnal Primatologi Indonesia, Vol. 16, No. 1, Januari 2019, hlm. 1-2 ISSN 1410-5373 Indonesian Primate Profile Presbytis comata Common Names: English: the javan surili, grizzled leaf monkey; Indonesia: surili, rekrekan Figure 1 The javan surili (Presbytis comata) (source: Iskandar 2005) The javan surili (Presbytis comata), is estimated that fewer than 1,000 exist today in one of the endemic Javanese primates whose their natural habitat and only 4% of their natural distribution is limited to rain forests in the west habitat remains. Most of the loss of its original to the middle of Java Island (Nijman 1997). habitat is due to the clearing of the rainforests People on the slopes of Mount Merbabu know in Indonesia. Only 4% of its original habitat this primate as a rekrekan, as in other areas in remains and the population has decreased by Central Java. Until now, there are differences at least 50% in the last ten years (Nijman dan of opinion regarding the taxonomy of this Richardson 2008). endemic primate. Nijman (1997) considers that all types of surili on Java Island are one species of P. comata. Meanwhile, Brandon-Jones et al. References (2004) separated surili species in the central part of Java as their own species, P. fredericae. Roos Bennett A, Davies G. 1994. The Ecology of et al. (2014) state that there are two subspecies Asian Colobinaes. Di dalam Davies AG, of Lutung Surili namely P. c. comata in western Oates JF, editor. Colobine Monkeys: Java and P. c. fredericae in central Java. Their Ecology, Behaviour, and Evolution. The existence of Lutung Surili in Cambridge University Pr hlm. 159 Central Java is limited to certain locations in Brandon-Jones D, Eudey AA, Geissman mountain forests, namely in Mount Sindoro and T, Groves CP, Melnick DJ, Morales Sumbing, Mount Slamet, Dieng Mountains, and JC, Stewart CB. 2004. Asian primate Mount Merbabu (Nijman 1997; Supriatna dan classification. Int J Primatol 25(1): 97– Wahyono 2000; Setiawan et al. 2010; Haryoso 163. 2011; Fithria 2012; Syarifah 2013). Fithria A. 2012. Penggunaan habitat oleh The javan surili mostly consumes leaves, rekrekan (Presbytis fredericae) di lereng however, it will also consume flowers, fruits, Gunung Slamet Jawa Tengah. [disertasi]. and seeds (Meijaard dan Groves 2004). This Yogyakarta (ID): Universitas Gadjah species appears to be more folivorous than Mada. any other member of the genus Presbytis, with Haryoso A. 2011. Pendugaan tempat-tempat over 62% of its overall diet composed of young yang menarik (point of interest) untuk leaves and 6% of mature leaves (Bennett dan melihat lutung abu-abu (Presbytis Davies 1994). fredericae) sebagai objek daya tarik wisata This species is currently listed on the di Taman Nasional Gunung Merbabu. IUCN red list of endangered species because [tesis]. Yogyakarta (ID): Universitas of habitat loss due to human activity. It is Gadjah Mada. 2 Jurnal Primatologi Indonesia, Vol. 16, No. 1, Januari 2019, hlm. 1-2 Iskandar E. 2005. Presbytis comata in Roos C, Boonratana R, Supriatna J, Fellowes Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak JR, Groves CP, Nash SD, Rylands (TNGHS). Bogor. AB, Mittermeier RA. 2014. An update Meijaard E, Groves CP. 2004. The taxonomy and conservation status review biogeographical evolution and phylogeny of Asian primates. Asian Primates J 4(1). of the genus Presbytis. Primate Report 68 (1): 71–90. Setiawan A, Wibisono Y, Nugroho TS, Nijman V. 1997a. Geographical variation Agustin IY, Imron MA, Pudyatmoko S, in pelage characteristics in grizzled Djuwantoko. 2010. Javan Surili: a survey leaf monkey Presbytis comata population and distribution in Mt. Slamet (Desmarest 1822) (mammalia, primates, Central Java, Indonesia. J Primatologi cercopithecidae). Zeitschrift fur Indonesia 7(2): 51–54. Saugetierkunde 62: 257–264. Supriatna J, Wahyono EH. 2000. Panduan Nijman V. 1997b. Occurrence and distribution Lapangan Primata Indonesia. Jakarta of grizzled leaf monkey Presbytis comata (Desmarest 1822) (mammalia, primates, (ID): Yayasan Obor Indonesia cercopithecidae ) in Java, Indonesia. Syarifah. 2013. Seleksi habitat oleh rekrekan Contrib Zoo 66: 247–256. (Presbytis fredericae Sody, 1930) di Nijman V, Richardson M. 2008. Presbytis Taman Nasional Gunung Merbabu. comata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened [tesis]. Yogyakarta (ID): Universitas Species 2008. Gadjah Mada. Jurnal Primatologi Indonesia, Vol. 16, No. 1, Januari 2019, hlm. 3-9 ISSN 1410-5373 Keanekaragaman Satwa Primata di Wilayah Operasi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak The Diversity of Non-Human Primates in Geothermal Power Plant Operation Area of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park Giri MMS1*, Pairah1, Sodahlan E1, Sahid A2, Ekariono W2, Ambarita E3, Sutisna C3 1Gunung Halimun Salak National Park Agency, Kabandungan, Sukabumi, Indonesia 2Star Energy Geothermal Salak, Ltd., Kabandungan, Sukabumi, Indonesia 3PT. Indonesia Power, Kamojang POMU-Unit PLTP Gunung Salak, Ltd., Kabandungan, Sukabumi, Indonesia *Korespondensi: [email protected] Abstract. The Mount of Salak is one of the habitat for various species of primates. Mount of Salak is also the area which has the potential of geothermal which can be used for power plant. Since 25 years ago the geothermal power plant has been operating in this area. The information of primates diversity was needed for wildlife habitat management especially in geothermal power plant area, because the primates can be used as an indicator of forest health. This study was conducted to determine the diversity and distribution of primates in geothermal power plant area. We collected the data from April to May 2018 using line transect method. Based on the research indicated four species of primates such as Hylobates moloch, Trachypithecus auratus, Presbytis comata, and Macaca fascicularis with their relative abundance values of 46%, 33%, 15%, and 6%, respectively. Species diversity index value was 1.174 (medium) and evenness index value was 0.846 (fairly even). Keywords: geothermal, Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, non-human primate Pendahuluan Salak yang saat ini dikelola Star Energy Geothermal Salak, Ltd. (SEGS) dan PT. Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Indonesia Power (IP), Kamojang POMU – Halimun Salak (TNGHS) dengan luas 87.669 Unit PLTP Gunung Salak (PT. IP). Energi ha merupakan ekosistem hutan hujan tropis panas bumi merupakan energi terbarukan pegunungan terluas yang tersisa di Pulau Jawa yang dikembangkan pemerintah sebagai solusi (Balai TNGHS 2017). Kawasan ini merupakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan listrik di Indonesia habitat berbagai jenis satwa, termasuk satwa (Raehanayati et al. 2013). primata yang merupakan komponen penting Adanya pemanfaatan panas bumi di dalam ekosistem, karena keberadaannya Gunung Salak untuk pembangkit listrik mempengaruhi komposisi vegetasi (de Jong dikhawatirkan ekosistem di wilayah operasi dan Butynski 2009). Lebih lanjut de Jong dan pemanfaatan panas bumi akan terganggu, Butynski (2009), menyatakan satwa primata karena pembangunan infrastruktur pendukung merupakan indikator terbaik kesehatan pembangkit listrik dan aktivitas pengelolaannya. ekosistem. Menurut Islam et al. (2014) Pyritz et al. (2010), menyatakan dua hal kemampuan bertahan hidup satwa primata yang mempengaruhi keanekaragaman dan tergantung kepada kelestarian hutan, karena kelimpahan satwa primata yaitu struktur habitat satwa primata memanfaatkan sebagian besar dan gangguan manusia. Mengingat satwa hidupnya di atas pohon dan bergantung kepada primata merupakan indikator terbaik kesehatan ketersediaan vegetasi. Data satwa primata dapat ekosistem, maka penelitian satwa primata di digunakan untuk memprediksi respon satwa wilayah kerja operasi pemanfaatan panas bumi primata terhadap perubahan lingkungan (Slater menjadi penting untuk dilakukan. 2015). Kondisi geologi Gunung Salak selain Materi dan Metode sebagai habitat satwa, merupakan gugusan gunung berapi aktif (Global Volcanism Materi Program 2007) yang menyimpan potensi Penelitian dilaksanakan di wilayah kerja energi panas bumi dan dapat dimanfaatkan Ijin Pemanfaatan Jasa Lingkungan Panas Bumi sebagai pembangkit listrik. Sejak tahun (IPJLPB) SEGS dan PT. IP pada sisi barat 1994, pemanfaatan energi panas bumi untuk Gunung Salak yang merupakan kawasan Taman pembangkit listrik telah dilakukan di Gunung Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak (Gambar 1). 4 Giri et al., Keanekaragaman Satwa Primata di Wilayah Operasi Pembangkit Listrik Gambar 1 Peta lokasi penelitian dan jalur pengamatan Topografi lokasi penelitian berbukit dan suara, dilakukan pengambilan koordinat titik terdapat beberapa kawah aktif dengan tutupan pengamat dan azimuth suara dari dua titik lahan berupa hutan primer dan hutan sekunder. pengamat yang berbeda. Jumlah individu dan Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April kelompok dipastikan dengan mengidentifikasi sampai dengan Mei 2018. Alat dan bahan yang suara yang dicatat. digunakan antara lain: tally sheet, GPS, kamera, teropong, peta kerja, stopwatch, alat tulis, pita Analisis Data ukur, spidol, dan tali plastik. Analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Analisis kuantitatif dilakukan Pengumpulan Data dengan melakukan perhitungan mengunakan Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan rumus yang telah ditentukan, sedangkan analisis metode line transect yang merupakan salah kualitatif dilakukan melalui pemeriksaan satu metode untuk memperkirakan kelimpahan kembali data, sintesis, serta mendeskripsikan satwa liar, termasuk satwa primata (Marshall hasil perhitungan (Newing et al. 2011). et al. 2008; Ditjen KSDAE 2018). Jalur Perangkat
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