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Building a Collation Element Table for a Large Chinese Character Set in YES
Building a Collation Element Table for a Large Chinese Character Set in YES Xiaoheng Zhang1 and Xiaotong Li2 1 Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, Hong Kong Polytechnic University [email protected] 2 College of International Exchange, Shenzhen University [email protected] Abstract. YES is a simplified stroke-based method for sorting Chinese characters. It is free from stroke counting and grouping, and thus much faster and more accurate than the traditional method. This paper presents a collation element table built in YES for a large joint Chinese character set covering (a) all 20,902 characters of Unicode CJK Unified Ideographs, (b) all 11,408 characters in the Complete List of Chinese Characters Used by the Media in 2013, (c) all 13,000 plus characters in the latest versions of Xinhua Dictionary(v11) and Contemporary Chinese Dictionary(v6). Of the 20,902 Chinese characters in Unicode, 97.23% have one-to-one relationship with their stroke order codes in YES, comparing with 90.69% of the traditional method. Enhanced with the secondary and tertiary sorting levels of stroke layout and Unicode value, there is a guarantee of one-to-one relationship between the characters and collation elements. The collation element table has been successfully applied to sorting CC-CEDICT, a Chinese-English dictionary of over 112,000 word entries. Keywords: Chinese characters, collation, Unicode, YES 1 Introduction Collation, or determining the sorting order of strings of characters, is a key function in computer systems and a basic need of the human society. Whenever a list of texts—such as the records of a database and the entries of a dictionary—is presented to users, they are likely to want it in a sorted order so that they can easily and reliably find their target words. -
For Pocket PC Pleco Software Incorporated
Version 1.0.3 Revision 2 (updated install) For Pocket PC Pleco Software Incorporated www.pleco.com - 1 - Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 4 System Requirements ..................................................................................................................... 5 Installation ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Before You Install....................................................................................................................... 6 Installing PlecoDict..................................................................................................................... 7 Installation on Windows Mobile 2003........................................................................................ 8 Installing the Demo Version ................................................................................................... 8 Upgrading from the Demo to the Paid Version .................................................................... 12 Reinstalling the Paid Version of PlecoDict .......................................................................... 14 Installation on Windows Mobile 5............................................................................................ 15 Installing the Demo Version ................................................................................................ -
Modèles Et Outils Pour Des Bases Lexicales "Métier" Multilingues Et
THÈSE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE LA COMMUNAUTE UNIVERSITE GRENOBLE ALPES Spécialité : INFORMATIQUE Arrêté ministériel : 7 août 2006 Présentée par Ying ZHANG Thèse dirigée par Christian BOITET et codirigée par Valérie BELLYNCK et Mathieu MANGEOT-NAGATA préparée au sein du Laboratoire d’Informatique de Grenoble dans l'École Doctorale « Mathématiques, Sciences et Technologies de l’Information, informatique » Modèles et outils pour des bases lexicales "métier" multilingues et contributives de grande taille, utilisables tant en traduction automatique et automatisée que pour des services dictionnairiques variés Thèse soutenue publiquement le 28 juin 2016 , devant le jury composé de : Prof. Ahmed LBATH Professeur, UGA, Président Prof. Denis MAUREL Professeur, Tours, Rapporteur Prof. Alain POLGUERE Professeur, Nancy, Rapporteur MdC. Mathieu LAFOURCADE Maître de conférence, Montpellier II, Examinateur Prof. Antoine Chalvin Professeur, INaLCO, Examinateur Prof. Christian BOITET Professeur, UGA, Directeur MdC. Valérie BELLYNCK Maître de conférence, Grenoble-INP, Co-Directrice MdC. Mathieu MANGEOT-NAGATA Maître de conférence, UdSavoie, Co-Directeur UNIVERSITÉ DE GRENOBLE ° N attribué par la bibliothèque /__/__/__/__/__/__/__/__/__/ THÈSE pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR ÈS SCIENCES délivré par l'UNIVERSITÉ GRENOBLE ALPES Spécialité : “INFORMATIQUE” Thèse préparée au laboratoire GETALP-LIG (CNRS-INPG-UJF) dans le cadre de l'École Doctorale “Mathématiques, Sciences et Technologies de l 'Information, Informatique” présentée et soutenue publiquement par Ying ZHANG Le 28/6/2016 Modèles et outils pour des bases lexicales "métier" multilingues et contributives de grande taille, utilisables tant en traduction automatique et automatisée que pour des services dictionnairiques variés JURY M. Ahmed LBATH , prof. UGA Président M. -
Design of a Cloud Service for Learning Chinese Pronunciation
54 JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 12, NO. 1, MARCH 2014 Design of a Cloud Service for Learning Chinese Pronunciation Hsueh-Ting Chu, Wei-Shan Tsai, and Shao-Yu Lee AbstractWith the fast growing of cloud computing Chinese articles in textbooks usually requires the help of infrastructure, learning from cloud services has become additional phonetic symbols. There are two Chinese more and more convenient for people worldwide. In phonetic systems: Pinyin and Zhuyin. Pinyin is currently order to integrate the cloud computing technology and the official Romanization which was published by the different e-learning platforms including variant mobile People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1958[6]. Before 1958, apps, Windows and web-based applications, we develop Zhuyin was the standardized phonetic system in entire our Chinese learning system “analytic Chinese helper” China for Chinese (Mandarin) pronunciation. The Zhuyin with a service-oriented architecture (SOA). Based on the system incorporates 37 Bopomofo symbols (Fig. 1) which new architecture we designed and developed a cloud transcribe precise sounds of Chinese characters among service for the e-learning of Chinese language on the different Chinese dialects. At present, Zhuyin is still the Internet as a convenient resource for foreign students, major phonetic system in Taiwan’s education system for especially in the reading of Chinese texts. teaching and learning Chinese. At the same time, Pinyin is There are two Chinese phonetic systems: Pinyin and also used in traffic signs and maps in Taiwan. Zhuyin. Pinyin is the official Romanization of Chinese Moreover, the learning of Chinese characters is also characters, and Zhuyin incorporates additional difficult for foreigners because there are two different Bopomofo symbols which transcribe precise sounds of writing systems of Chinese characters: Traditional Chinese Chinese characters. -
5 the Shanghai “Zhouyi” and the Early Chinese Orthography
5 The Shanghai “Zhouyi” and the Early Chinese Orthography In this chapter, I will discuss alternations of synonymous significs and equivalent phonophorics as a central orthographic feature of the early Chinese script. I will demonstrate that a large part of textual variation between the Shanghai “Zhouyi” manuscript and the received version can be explained by interchanges of those graphic components of the same semantic or phonetic functional values in the early Chinese writing system. 5.1 Synonymous Significs This section illustrates sixteen sets of synonymous significs surrounding varia- tion between the manuscript and the received version of the Zhouyi. Some of the best known sets among these are: the significs 阜 ‘mound’ and 土 ‘ground’ for ‘orographic terms’ (example no.1); 彳‘road’ and 止 ‘step’ for ‘motion, sequence, elapse of time’ (no.2); 木 ‘tree’ and 艸‘grass’ for ‘plants’ (no.3), 攴 ‘attack’ and 殳 ‘spear’ for ‘violent actions’ (no.4), 言 ‘language’ and 心 ‘mind’ for ‘cognitive and volitional activities’(no.5). The semantic functional values and patterns of interchangeability of these significs were stable both historically and cross-regionally in the early Chinese script. When significs in two characters corresponding between SHZY and R are not relatable as synonymous significs, one often finds that the meaning of the word in the textual position is not clear from the limited context of the hexagram lines; when such a variation is observed between SHZY and R, various commen- taries and other witnesses of the Zhouyi also tend to have disparate accounts of the word at issue. This strongly suggests that those textual variants with unre- lated significs actually reflect different interpretations (5.1: no. -
Free Download Chinese Dictionaries
Free download chinese dictionaries NOTE: if you experience errors trying to download our app, see for other download options. Pleco is the ultimate Chinese learning. Easily learn Chinese & English with Chinese English Dictionary & Translator app! Free download & no Internet connection required! The Chinese English. WHAT MAKES OXFORD DICTIONARY OF CHINESE BETTER THAN OTHER DICTIONARIES? • The very latest vocabulary, with over , Over words and expressions! FREE!* Works offline! No Internet connection needed, the perfect translator for your trips, your studies, or when no data. Download Chinese Dictionary. Free and safe download. Download the latest version of the top software, games, programs and apps in English Chinese Dictionary - Lite - Convert your laptop into an English Chinese dictionary - electronic translator! English Chinese Dictionary. chinese dictionary free download. KeePass KeePass Password Safe is a free, open source, lightweight, and easy-to-use password manager for. Download this app from Microsoft Store for Windows 10, Windows Chinese English Dictionary. Hein Htat. Rated: stars out of 5. (82) reviews. Free. Search Hanzi/Chinese, Pinyin or English. Also displays Zhuyin (Bopomofo) • Both Simplified and. CC-CEDICT download. What is CC-CEDICT? The word dictionary of this website is based on CC-CEDICT. CC-CEDICT is a continuation of the CEDICT project. We review the best Chinese-English Dictionary Apps so you don't have to It offers a chic, colorful design and most importantly, a free Chinese. download translate: (尤指从因特网或较大型计算机上)下载, 下载程序;下载信息. Learn more in the Cambridge Translation of "download" - English-Mandarin Chinese dictionary. See all translations 下载程序;下载信息. a free download. LG smartphone, open up Google Play, search for “Pleco” and tap “Pleco Chinese Dictionary” to instantly download the free basic version of Pleco for Android. -
Bibliography of Chinese Linguistics William S.-Y.Wang
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CHINESE LINGUISTICS WILLIAM S.-Y.WANG INTRODUCTION THIS IS THE FIRST LARGE-SCALE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CHINESE LINGUISTICS. IT IS INTENDED TO BE OF USE TO STUDENTS OF THE LANGUAGE WHO WISH EITHER TO CHECK THE REFERENCE OF A PARTICULAR ARTICLE OR TO GAIN A PERSPECTIVE INTO SOME SPECIAL TOPIC OF RESEARCH. THE FIELD OF CHINESE LINGUIS- TICS HAS BEEN UNDERGOING RAPID DEVELOPMENT IN RECENT YEARS. IT IS HOPED THAT THE PRESENT WORK WILL NURTURE THIS DEVELOP- MENT BY PROVIDING A SENSE OF THE SIZABLE SCHOLARSHIP IN THE FIELD» BOTH PAST AND PRESENT. IN SPITE OF REPEATED CHECKS AND COUNTERCHECKS, THE FOLLOWING PAGES ARE SURE TO CONTAIN NUMEROUS ERRORS OF FACT, SELECTION AND OMISSION. ALSO» DUE TO UNEVENNESS IN THE LONG PROCESS OF SELECTION, THE COVERAGE HERE IS NOT UNIFORM. THE REPRESENTATION OF CERTAIN TOPICS OR AUTHORS IS PERHAPS NOT PROPORTIONAL TO THE EXTENT OR IMPORTANCE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CHINESE LINGUISTICS ]g9 OF THE CORRESPONDING LITERATURE. THE COVERAGE CAN BE DIS- CERNED TO BE UNBALANCED IN TWO MAJOR WAYS. FIRST. THE EMPHASIS IS MORE ON-MODERN. SYNCHRONIC STUDIES. RATHER THAN ON THE WRITINGS OF EARLIER CENTURIES. THUS MANY IMPORTANT MONOGRAPHS OF THE QING PHILOLOGISTS. FOR EXAMPLE, HAVE NOT BEEN INCLUDED HERE. THOUGH THESE ARE CERTAINLY TRACE- ABLE FROM THE MODERN ENTRIES. SECOND, THE EMPHASIS IS HEAVILY ON THE SPOKEN LANGUAGE, ALTHOUGH THERE EXISTS AN ABUNDANT LITERATURE ON THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM. IN VIEW OF THESE SHORTCOMINGS, I HAD RESERVATIONS ABOUT PUBLISHING THE BIBLIOGRAPHY IN ITS PRESENT STATE. HOWEVER, IN THE LIGHT OF OUR EXPERIENCE SO FAR, IT IS CLEAR THAT A CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF TIME AND EFFORT IS STILL NEEDED TO PRODUCE A COMPREHENSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY THAT IS AT ONCE PROPERLY BALANCED AMD COMPLETELY ACCURATE (AND, PERHAPS, WITH ANNOTATIONS ON THE IMPORTANT ENTRIES). -
Language, Script, and Art in East Asia and Beyond: Past and Present
SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 283 December, 2018 Language, Script, and Art in East Asia and Beyond: Past and Present edited by Victor H. Mair Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS FOUNDED 1986 Editor-in-Chief VICTOR H. MAIR Associate Editors PAULA ROBERTS MARK SWOFFORD ISSN 2157-9679 (print) 2157-9687 (online) SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series dedicated to making available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor-in-chief actively encourages younger, not yet well established scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including romanized modern standard Mandarin and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino-Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. Submissions are regularly sent out for peer review, and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form. -
Keeping the Meanings of the Source Text: an Introduction to Yes Translate
Keeping the Meanings of the Source Text: An introduction to Yes Translate Xiaoheng Zhang Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, Hong Kong Polytechnic University [email protected] Abstract. The primary task of language translation is to faithfully pass the meaning(s) of the source text to the target language. Unfortunately, meanings often get lost or distorted in machine translation, including state-of-the-art Google Translate and Baidu Translate. Yes Translate is a Chinese-English translation tool to be maximally loyal to the source text while maintaining adequate fluency. This is implementable by avoiding risky actions of word deleting, adding and re-ordering. The tool is supported by an 116,000-words Dictionary. In an experiment on natural news articles freely selected by themselves, 10 postgraduate students with good command of Chinese and English all agreed or strongly agreed that the general meaning of the translation by Yes Translate was correct and understandable. And 9 out of the 10 students agreed or strongly agreed that the general meaning of each sentence was correct. Keywords: Machine translation, meanings, Yes Translate, YES-CEDICT 1 Introduction The basic goal of translation is to faithfully convey the intended meaning(s) of the author in one language to the reader in a different language. However, there is large room for improvement in this aspect in machine transition (MT) (Bhattacharyya, 2015, p30), which is true even to the most popular and state-of-the-art systems such as Google Translate and Baidu Translate, as demonstrated by the following example. The source text is a Chinese article from Yahoo News (Yahoo, 2016). -
Edward L. Shaughnessy Chinese Annals in the Western Observatory Library of Sinology
Edward L. Shaughnessy Chinese Annals in the Western Observatory Library of Sinology Editors Zhi Chen, Dirk Meyer Executive Editor Adam C. Schwartz Editorial Board Wolfgang Behr, Marc Kalinowski, Hans van Ess, Bernhard Fuehrer, Anke Hein, Clara Wing-chung Ho, Maria Khayutina, Michael Lackner, Yuri Pines, Alain Thote, Nicholas Morrow Williams Volume 4 Edward L. Shaughnessy Chinese Annals in the Western Observatory An Outline of Western Studies of Chinese Unearthed Documents The publication of the series has been supported by the HKBU Jao Tsung-I Academy of Sinology — Amway Development Fund. ISBN 978-1-5015-1693-1 e-ISBN [PDF] 978-1-5015-1694-8 e-ISBN [EPUB] 978-1-5015-1710-5 ISSN 2625-0616 This work is licensed under the Creatice Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License. For details go to https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Control Number: 2019953355 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2019 Shaughnessy/JAS, published by Walter de Gruyter Inc., Boston/Berlin Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com Dedicated to the memory of LI Xueqin 李學勤 (1933-2019) 南山有杞,北山有李。 樂只君子,德音不已。 On South Mountain is a willow, On North Mountain is a plum tree. Such joy has the noble-man brought, Sounds of virtue never ending. CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES | XI PREFACE TO THE CHINESE EDITION | -
Tangut (Xi Xia) Studies in the Soviet Union: Quinta Essentia of Russian Oriental Studies
Tangut (Xi Xia) Studies in the Soviet Union: Quinta Essentia of Russian Oriental Studies Tangut (Xi Xia) Studies in the Soviet Union: Quinta Essentia of Russian Oriental Studies Sergey Dmitriev* (Russia) Abstract race to the famous discovery of Piotr Kozlov’s expedition, a very rich collection of various Tangut books in a mausoleum in the dead Gcity of Khara-Khoto was found in 1908, and almost all the texts in the Tangut language were then assembled in Saint-Petersburg. Because of this situation Russian Tangutology became one of the most important in the world very fast, and Russian specialists, especially Alexej Ivanov, did the fi rst steps to understanding the Tangut language and history, which had for a very long time been hidden from humanity. This tradition persisted in the Soviet Union. Nikolaj Nevskij in 1929 returned to Russia from Japan, where he had stayed after 1917, mainly to continue his Tangut researches. But in 1937, during Stalin’s Purge, he was arrested and executed, Ivanov too. The line of tradition was broken for almost twenty years, and only the 1960s saw the rebirth of Russian Tangutology. The post-War generation did a gigantic work, raising Tangut Studies to a new level. Unfortunately, they almost had no students or successors. The dramatic history of Tangut Studies in Russia could be viewed like a real quinta essentia of the fate of Oriental Studies in Russia – but all the changes and tendencies are much more demonstrative of this example. Keywords: Tangut Studies, Sinology, Russia, Nikolaj Nevskij, Oriental Studies 1. Introduction The history of Tangut Studies is not very well known even amongst Orientalists, and that is very much a pity – it seems that even now it is a domain which conserved pretty well many specifi c features of the so called Classical Orientalism, lost by other lines of Oriental Studies. -
Confucius and Laozi at the Altar: Reconsidering a Tangut Manuscript Imre Galambos
Confucius and Laozi at the altar: Reconsidering a Tangut manuscript Imre Galambos Abstract: In the Russian collection of Tangut material there is a manuscript which describes a meeting between Confucius and an old sage. It is generally assumed that it is a translation of a Chinese work but attempts at identifying the source text have not been successful. The Tangut title survives on the last page and it has been translated as the Altar Record of Confucius's Conciliation. This paper identifies the Chinese original among Ming-Qing religious scriptures of secret societies and suggests a new interpretation for the Tangut title. Connecting the title and the text with Chinese religious and intellectual traditions of the Song period also enables us to date the Chinese source text to the late eleventh or early twelfth century. Keywords: Tangut texts, Confucius, Laozi, secret societies, Patriarch Luo, Wubu liuce, Apricot Platform In the collection of Tangut material kept at the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts in St. Petersburg, there is a handwritten booklet with a text describing an encounter between Confucius and an old man.1 The title of the text, preserved at the end of the manuscript, is ɣ la 刳区蚯萃云 (Fig. 1), which was translated into English by E. Kychanov, the first scholar to conduct an in-depth study of the text, as the Altar Rec d C fucius’ C cili ti .2 Later on, Kychanov published a facsimile edition of this manuscript with a complete translation and study, and subsequently this book, with additional information and an improved layout, also appeared in Chinese.3 Scholars who have studied the text agree regarding its Daoist content and that the old man who teaches Confucius about the mysteries of the Way is no other than Laozi 老子 himself.