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Recensioner Fornvännen 2013(108):1 s. 60-72 http://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/fornvannen/html/2013_litt_a Ingår i: samla.raa.se Rec. 60–72:Layout 1 13-03-06 14.32 Sida 60 Recensioner Hollingstedt an der Treene. Ein Flusshafen der Wi- nied by some minor test trenches in the dyke kingerzeit und des Mittelalters für den Transitverkehr foreland, systematic coring and geophysics. The zwischenNord-undOstsee. Ed. Klaus Brandt. Schrif- fieldwork uncovered two successive open pil- ing tendesArchäologischenLandesmuseums10.Neu- platforms measuring c. 13 by 7 m and c. 8 by 5 m münster 2012. 416 pp. ISBN 978-3-529-01811-4. respectively, a c. 10 m wide moist river bank rein- forced partly with wickerwork and partly with This anthology deals with the so-called North gravel, and a shoreline fortification towards the Sea harbour of Hedeby and Schleswig: Holling- eastern river channel. The older of the two plat- stedt, the departure port at the portage across the forms – in preparation for whose construction an Schleswig isthmus at the base of Jutland. It sum- older cultural layer was moved – dates from the marises the main results of the research project winter of 1161–62. Interestingly, five mooring “Hollingsted – Schwabsted. Medieval Settlement poles along the western river channel were also Development in the Eider-Treene Area” (1995– recorded in one of the trial trenches (site 1995/5). 98), funded by the German Research Foundation The discussion of the water level, depth and shift- (DFG).Alsoitlargelycompletestheacademiclife’s ing channels of the Treene at the still tidal-influ- work of the excavator and former vice director of enced inland landing site is exemplary and indis- the Archaeological State Museum Schleswig-Hol- pensable for any interpretation of a harbour site. stein,KlausBrandt,whoretiredin2004.Thebook With these considerations a function for the ties in with another volume on Hollingstedt pub- platforms as jetties can be excluded: they must be lishedintheHedebyreportseries(Hoffmannetal. treated as solid accesses to landing sites. 1987, Hollingstedt – Untersuchungen zum Nordsee- Pieces of charcoal and burnt daub suggest the hafen von Haithabu/Schleswig, Neumünster). The existence of buildings on the platforms, though present publication contains five papers: one on quite how these were built on a detached piling the archaeological features of the river port, one bridge foundation is not clarified. On the higher on caulking cramps (sintels) used in the cog ship- part of the 1996 site were traces of two houses, a building tradition, one on the animal bones and well and wheel tracks from the later 11th century two brief Dutch contributions that round out the onward. The artefact finds from the 1995/1–2 site volume. The latter deal with a flood canal from are exclusively Medieval and Early Modern, but 1600 and with the post-Medieval surface lower- the 1996 site also yielded some Viking Period ing of the river valley due to damming and drain- material, e.g. a cubical padlock, a soapstone ves- ing. Each paper has an English summary. sel sherd and two glass beads. The oldest coin, a The central paper by excavator Brandt pres- stray find made in 1938, is a denier of the East ents the results of the first modern excavations at Franconian king Louis the Child (900–911). Hollingstedt after Herbert Jankuhn’s trial trench- The excavation at Fünf Schwaden on a minor ing in 1932/33 and a river regulation in 1938. It is brook emptying into the Treene was opened at a subdivided into excavations at Lahmenstraat on place where imported tuff from the Eifel region the shore of the River Treene in 1995–96, at Fünf had been found already in 1960/61: another point Schwaben at the brook Süderwiesenbach in 1998 of embarkation was expected here. The crucial and surveys in the apse of St. Nicholas’ church dur- survey map fig. 18 is unfortunately printed six ing construction work in 1995. The Lahmenstraat pages before the beginning of the relevant sub- excavation consisted basically of two main sitesof chapter. The main trench of 244 m2 (site 1998/3 253 & 260 m2 behind the Treene dyke, separated with trial trench 1998/1) uncovered a shallow by the eponymous street. They were accompa- backwater that would only have been navigable Fornvännen 108 (2013) Rec. 60–72:Layout 1 13-03-06 14.32 Sida 61 Recensioner 61 during flooding events, even with flat-bottom context it cannot be excluded that hybrid vessels lighters. Numerous finds of tuff and Rhenish such as the Kollerup cog may have been built in pottery indicate a rather muddy landing site of Schleswig. The crucial development from coastal the later 12th century located north of the trench. proto-cog to ocean-going ship may in fact have Though there were post holes and scattered tim- taken place there. bers – interpreted as catwalks – no harbour facil- Dirk Heinrich's paper on the animal bones ity was found here. treats finds from Lahmenstraat 1996 and Fünf The tuff-built church of St. Nicholas is situat- Schwaden 1998. It summarises and re-evaluates ed on the outskirts of the village of Hollingstedt the results of three theses presented at the zoo- in the immediate vicinity of the Lahmenstraat logical department at the University of Kiel site. 17th century sources refer to it as a “ware- between 2001 and 2003. These studies aimed to house of the English”. Nevertheless, surveys show- infer on-site activities: the supply of dockers, ed clearly that it was not a rededicated building, seamen and waggoners at the portage with meat, but built as a church on a c. 35 cm thick culture the question if animals were kept and slaughtered layer from its very beginning in the later 12th cen- on-site or imported as butcher products, and tury. It probably catered to the spiritual needs of whether draught animals can be identified. Both overseas seamen and merchants, while a second find complexes contained more than 99% domes- church served the local population. ticated mammal bones, of which more than half Eike Siegloff's paper is based on a diploma represent cattle. While an absence of calves indi- thesis presented at the university of Kiel in 2004. catesoff-sitecattlebreeding,thehighageatslaugh- It deals with sintels, ship caulking cramps, from ter suggests labour or milk production rather the isthmus of Schleswig. The finds from Hol- than meat supply as the main aim of the hus- lingstedt are by far the largest collection from a bandry. An interpretation of the cattle as draught settlement site in Germany. Apart from 56 iron animals is supported by a sex ratio of 17:10 in clench nails from clinker-built vessels in the Anglo- favour of bulls or oxen at Lahmenstraat, and by Scandinavian shipbuilding tradition, it is partic- certain pathological alterations due to heavy ularly the 191 sintels and fragments that docu- wear on the limb muscles etc. ment the presence of ships in the “Kollerup-Bre- It is a credit to the persistent dedication of the men tradition”, or put more simply, early cogs. excavator and editor that this book is now avail- On the basis of Karel Vliermann’s typology for able, adding important information on the mod- sintels, Siegloff develops a new refined one. The ern excavations in Hollingstedt and about the Viking Period phase in Hollingstedt is again sup- character of the site. It also rehabilitates Holling- ported by a high frequency of type 1A cramps, dat- stedt's recently questioned active status in the ing roughly from 900 to 1100. In the 10th centu- Viking Period. Note though that some of the ma- ry strata on the higher part of the Lahmenstraat terial has been available before through more com- 1995 site, rivets and sintels appear side by side. prehensive articles (in Haithabu und die frühe From c. 1100 the shipyard activities then shift to Stadtentwicklung im nördlichen Europa, 2002; and the lower-lying part of the site, and produce Es war einmal ein Schiff, 2007). Other important exclusively caulking cramps. However, the Scan- studies, such as Jörg Nowotny’s 1995 diploma dinavian boat-building tradition ended only in thesis on the chronologically important pottery the 12th century. A clever comparison with finds from Hollingstedt-Lahmenstraat, are referenced from Hollingstedt’s departure port Schleswig but did not make it into the volume. The same is (the Schleswig-Schild excavation of 1971–75) true for Hans Rudolf Bordemann’s 2008 master's shows that here – but notably not already in thesis that confirms that the Danevirke did not Hedeby – the typologically earliest sintels of the originally end at the village of Morgenstern in its Baltic sea appear. This suggests that about 1100 western extension, as it does today, but indeed the Frisian cog shipbuilding tradition entered once stretched all the way to Hollingstedt and the the Baltic via the Schleswig isthmus and the river Treene. Finally it is unfortunate that the portage from Hollingstedt to Schleswig. In this discussion of transit traffic across the portage – Fornvännen 108 (2013) Rec. 60–72:Layout 1 13-03-06 14.32 Sida 62 62 Recensioner laudably bringing up its western extension along språket är medeltida. Språket är en sentida bland- the river Eider towards the Wadden Sea, dis- ning av svenska, norska och engelska, med andra cussing settlement mounds, hoards and further ord sentida invandrarspråk. notional transshipment sites – almost disregards Vem hade då huggit in runorna? Forskningen structural comparison with its departure ports at har fortsatt eftersom en och annan – särskilt lek- the Baltic side of the isthmus (cf. Kalmring 2010, män – hävdar att inskriften är äkta. Mats G. Lars- Der Hafen von Haithabu; and Hilberg et al.