Phanerozoic Eonothem / Eon Mesozoic Cenozoic Erathem / Era Cretaceous Paleogene Neogene Quaternary System / Period Pleistocene Series /Epoch Paleocene Oligocene Holocene Pliocene Miocene Eocene Lower Upper INTERNA Maastrichtian Cenomanian Serravallian V Camp Hauterivian Burdigalian Piacenzian Priabonian Aquit Barremian Berriasian Santonian Messinian Selandian Thanetian Coniacian www Bartonian Calabrian T Langhian Zanclean alanginian Rupelian Gelasian T Y S Chattian Lutetian Danian ortonian t Middle Aptian Albian uronian presian Upper age / anian anian Age .stratigraphy
GSSP 89.8 ±0.3 86.3 ±0.5 83.6 ±0.2 numerical 72.1 ±0.2 age (Ma) ~ 145.0 ~ 139.8 ~ 132.9 ~ 129.4 ~ 125.0 ~ 1 0.01 present 100.5 23.03 20.44 15.97 13.82 7.246 5.333 3.600 0.781 0.126 1 93.9 66.0 61.6 59.2 56.0 47.8 41.2 37.8 33.9 28.1 2.58 1.80 1.63 13.0 17 TIONAL
Phanerozoic Eonothem / Eon Paleozoic Mesozoic Erathem / Era .org Carboniferous Permian Triassic Jurassic System / Period Guadalupian Series /Epoch Cisuralian Mississippian Pennsylvanian Lopingian Middle Middle Lower Upper Lower Upper Middle Middle Lower Upper Lower Upper CHRONOSTRA Changhsingian W Pliensbachian Serpukhovian Kimmeridgian Kasimovian T Sinemurian Hett Sakmarian Moscovian Capit uchiapingian Bashkirian Kungurian Bathonian Olenekian Artinskian Oxfordian Callovian ournaisian T Rhaetian S Gzhelian Aalenian Bajocian T Asselian Ladinian Roadian W Carnian Anisian Induan V t Norian ithonian oarcian age / ordian isean angian anian International CommissiononS Age
GSSP 252.17 ±0.06 254.14 ±0.07 298.9 ±0.15 295.0 ±0.18 290.1 ±0.26 358.9 ±0.4 346.7 ±0.4 330.9 ±0.2 323.2 ±0.4 315.2 ±0.2 307.0 ±0.1 303.7 ±0.1 283.5 ±0.6 272.3 ±0.5 268.8 ±0.5 265.1 ±0.4 259.8 ±0.4 201.3 ±0.2 199.3 ±0.3 190.8 ±1.0 182.7 ±0.7 174.1 ±1.0 170.3 ±1.4 168.3 ±1.3 166.1 ±1.2 163.5 ±1.0 157.3 ±1.0 152.1 ±0.9 numerical age (Ma) ~ 208.5 ~ 145.0 ~ 242 ~ 237 ~ 227 251.2 247.2
Phanerozoic Eonothem / Eon Paleozoic Erathem / Era Cambrian Ordovician Silurian Devonian System / Period T Series /Epoch Llandovery erreneuvian Furongian W Series 2 Series 3 Ludlow Middle Middle Pridoli Lower Upper Lower Upper enlock TIGRAPHIC CHART Sheinwoodian T Jiangshanian Rhuddanian Guzhangian Lochkovian Famennian Ludfordian Darriwilian Hirnantian Dapingian Homerian remadocian Sandbian T Aeronian Frasnian Fortunian Gorstian Givetian S Pragian Emsian Eifelian Drumian elychian S Katian Paibian Floian S S S S t age / t t t t t age 10 age 2 age 3 age 4 age 5 tratigraphy Age
GSSP 541.0 ±1.0 485.4 ±1.9 477.7 ±1.4 470.0 ±1.4 467.3 ±1.1 458.4 ±0.9 453.0 ±0.7 445.2 ±1.4 443.8 ±1.5 440.8 ±1.2 438.5 ±1.1 433.4 ±0.8 430.5 ±0.7 427.4 ±0.5 425.6 ±0.9 423.0 ±2.3 419.2 ±3.2 410.8 ±2.8 407.6 ±2.6 393.3 ±1.2 387.7 ±0.8 382.7 ±1.6 372.2 ±1.6 numerical 358.9 ±0.4 age (Ma) ~ 504.5 ~ 500.5 ~ 489.5 ~ 529 ~ 521 ~ 514 ~ 509 ~ 497 ~ 494 Numerical agesaresubjecttorevisionanddonotdefineunit http://www.stratigraphy.org. The URL tothischartisfoundbelow. (c) InternationalCommission on Chart draf Geological Mapofthe Coloring followstheCommission for the ‘ Numerical ages for all systems except numerical ages,anapproximateage(~)isprovided. in thePhanerozoicwithoutratifiedGSSPsorconstrained boundaries For do. GSSPs only Ediacaran; the and Phanerozoic the S Global by defined boundaries, includingthoseofthe Boundary Unit det URL: http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2016-04.pdf The ICS InternationalChronostratigraphic Chart.Episodes 36:199-204. To cite: Cohen, K.M.,Finney, S.C.,Gibbard,P.L. &Fan, J.-X. (2013;updated) were providedbytherelevantICS subcommissions. Permian, Pleistocene, Lower the for those Permian,T A Geologic Eonothem ailed informationonratifiedGSSPs /Eon s ofallranksareintheprocessbeingdefinedbyGlobal Precambrian ted byK.M.Cohen, S.C.Finney riassic, Cret S
tratotype Section andt Poin Archean Proterozoic T Erathem /Era proterozoic proterozoic proterozoic v ime Scale 2012’ archean archean archean archean Paleo- Paleo- Meso- Meso- t Neo- Neo- andard andard 2016 Eo- W aceous and Precambrian are t Hadean orld (http://www S tratigraphic S tratigraph System /Period by Gradstein et al. (2012); Cryogenian Archean andProterozoic,long Calymmian Ediacaran S Rhyacian Orosirian Ect Siderian S t /04 T .ccgm.org) atherian are availableatthewebsite tenian , P onian
t Char (GSSA). Ages s (GSSP) for their lower asian y
.L. Gibbard T , April 2016 , April t Cre and riassic
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GSSP
aken from GSSA 541.0±1.0 ~ 4600 numerical age (Ma) ~ 720 ~ 635 4000 3600 3200 2800 2500 2300 2050 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 aceous s and and s s in