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2009 Geologic Time Scale Cenozoic Mesozoic Paleozoic Precambrian Magnetic Magnetic Bdy 2009 GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE CENOZOIC MESOZOIC PALEOZOIC PRECAMBRIAN MAGNETIC MAGNETIC BDY. AGE POLARITY PICKS AGE POLARITY PICKS AGE PICKS AGE . N PERIOD EPOCH AGE PERIOD EPOCH AGE PERIOD EPOCH AGE EON ERA PERIOD AGES (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) HIST. HIST. ANOM. ANOM. (Ma) CHRON. CHRO HOLOCENE 65.5 1 C1 QUATER- 0.01 30 C30 542 CALABRIAN MAASTRICHTIAN NARY PLEISTOCENE 1.8 31 C31 251 2 C2 GELASIAN 70 CHANGHSINGIAN EDIACARAN 2.6 70.6 254 2A PIACENZIAN 32 C32 L 630 C2A 3.6 WUCHIAPINGIAN PLIOCENE 260 260 3 ZANCLEAN 33 CAMPANIAN CAPITANIAN 5 C3 5.3 266 750 NEOPRO- CRYOGENIAN 80 C33 M WORDIAN MESSINIAN LATE 268 TEROZOIC 3A C3A 83.5 ROADIAN 7.2 SANTONIAN 271 85.8 KUNGURIAN 850 4 276 C4 CONIACIAN 280 4A 89.3 ARTINSKIAN TONIAN C4A L TORTONIAN 90 284 TURONIAN PERMIAN 10 5 93.5 E 1000 1000 C5 SAKMARIAN 11.6 CENOMANIAN 297 99.6 ASSELIAN STENIAN SERRAVALLIAN 34 C34 299.0 5A 100 300 GZELIAN C5A 13.8 M KASIMOVIAN 304 1200 PENNSYL- 306 1250 15 5B LANGHIAN ALBIAN MOSCOVIAN MESOPRO- C5B VANIAN 312 ECTASIAN 5C 16.0 110 BASHKIRIAN TEROZOIC C5C 112 5D C5D MIOCENE 320 318 1400 5E C5E NEOGENE BURDIGALIAN SERPUKHOVIAN 326 6 C6 APTIAN 20 120 1500 CALYMMIAN E 20.4 6A C6A EARLY MISSIS- M0r 125 VISEAN 1600 6B C6B AQUITANIAN M1 340 SIPPIAN M3 BARREMIAN C6C 23.0 345 6C CRETACEOUS 130 M5 130 STATHERIAN CARBONIFEROUS TOURNAISIAN 7 C7 HAUTERIVIAN 1750 25 7A M10 C7A 136 359 8 C8 L CHATTIAN M12 VALANGINIAN 360 L 1800 140 M14 140 9 C9 M16 FAMENNIAN BERRIASIAN M18 PROTEROZOIC OROSIRIAN 10 C10 28.4 145.5 M20 2000 30 11 C11 TITHONIAN 374 PALEOPRO- 150 M22 2050 12 E RUPELIAN 151 380 FRASNIAN TEROZOIC C12 M25 LATE KIMMERIDGIAN 385 OLIGOCENE 156 GIVETIAN RHYACIAN M29 392 13 OXFORDIAN M C13 TERTIARY 33.9 160 2250 161 DEVONIAN EIFELIAN 35 15 C15 CALLOVIAN 400 398 2300 16 C16 L PRIABONIAN 165 EMSIAN BATHONIAN 407 17 37.2 E C17 MIDDLE 168 PRAGHIAN 411 SIDERIAN 170 BAJOCIAN LOCKHOVIAN 172 416 18 BARTONIAN AALENIAN PRIDOLIAN 419 2500 2500 C18 420 L 40 176 LUDFORDIAN 421 40.4 GORSTIAN 19 C19 180 423 TOARCIAN HOMERIAN 426 M SHEINWOODIAN NEOARCHEAN 183 428 20 TELYCHIAN 436 C20 PLIENSBACHIAN AERONIAN 2750 M EARLY 440 E 439 SILURIAN RHUDDANIAN 45 LUTETIAN 190 190 444 2800 JURASSIC SINEMURIAN HIRNANTIAN 446 21 CHANGES RAPID POLARITY 197 L KATIAN C21 455 EOCENE 200 HETTANGIAN SANDBIAN MESO- 48.6 201.6 460 461 3000 22 RHAETIAN ARCHEAN C22 204 M DARRIWILIAN 50 468 23 DAPINGIAN C23 PALEOGENE 210 472 E YPRESIAN FLOIAN 3200 24 480 479 E 3250 C24 NORIAN ORDOVICIAN TREMADOCIAN LATE 488 55 220 STAGE 10 55.8 Furon- 492 STAGE 9 PALEO- 25 C25 THANETIAN gian 496 ARCHEAN L 500 PAIBIAN 501 GUZHANGIAN 3500 26 228 503 ARCHEAN 58.7 230 Series 3 DRUMIAN C26 507 60 CARNIAN STAGE 5 510 M SELANDIAN STAGE 4 3600 235 Series 2 517 27 61.7 LADINIAN 520 STAGE 3 C27 240 MIDDLE 521 241 28 3750 C28 E TRIASSIC ANISIAN DANIAN CAMBRIAN* Terre- EOARCHEAN 29 245 STAGE 2 65 PALEOCENE OLENEKIAN neuvian 3850 C29 65.5 EARLY 535 250 250 FORTUNIAN HADEAN 30 C30 INDUAN 251.0 540 542 *International ages have not been fully established. These are current names as reported by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. Walker, J.D., and Geissman, J.W., compilers, 2009, Geologic Time Scale: Geological Society of America, doi: 10.1130/2009.CTS004R2C. ©2009 The Geological Society of America. Sources for nomenclature and ages are primarily from Gradstein, F., Ogg, J., Smith, A., et al., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Modifications to the Triassic after: Furin, S., Preto, N., Rigo, M., Roghi, G., Gianolla, P., Crowley, J.L., and Bowring, S.A., 2006, High-precision U-Pb zircon age from the Triassic of Italy: Implications for the Triassic time scale and the Carnian origin of calcareous nannoplankton and dinosaurs: Geology, v. 34, p. 1009–1012, doi: 10.1130/G22967A.1; and Kent, D.V., and Olsen, P.E., 2008, Early Jurassic magnetostratigraphy and paleolatitudes from the Hartford continental rift basin (eastern North America): Testing for polarity bias and abrupt polar wander in association with the central Atlantic magmatic province: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 113, B06105, doi: 10.1029/2007JB005407. .
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