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2009 MAGNETIC MAGNETIC BDY. POLARITY PICKS AGE POLARITY PICKS AGE PICKS AGE . PERIOD AGE PERIOD EPOCH AGE PERIOD EPOCH AGE EON PERIOD AGES (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) (Ma) HIST. HIST. ANOM.

ANOM. (Ma) CHRON. CHRO N 65.5 1 C1 QUATER- 0.01 30 C30 542 NARY 1.8 31 C31 251 2 C2 70 2.6 70.6 254 2A 32 C32 L 630 C2A 3.6 260 260 3 33 5 C3 5.3 266 750 NEOPRO- 80 C33 M LATE 268 TEROZOIC 3A C3A 83.5 7.2 271 85.8 850 4 276 C4 280 4A 89.3 C4A L 90 284

TURONIAN 10 5 93.5 E 1000 1000 C5 11.6 297 99.6 34 C34 299.0 5A 100 300 GZELIAN C5A 13.8 M 304 1200 PENNSYL- 306 1250 15 5B MOSCOVIAN MESOPRO- C5B VANIAN 312 5C 16.0 110 TEROZOIC C5C 112 5D C5D 320 318 1400

5E C5E 326 6 C6 20 120 1500 E 20.4 6A C6A EARLY MISSIS- M0r 125 VISEAN 1600 6B C6B M1 340 SIPPIAN M3 C6C 23.0 345 6C 130 M5 130

CARBONIFEROUS 7 C7 1750 25 7A M10 C7A 136 359 8 C8 L M12 360 L 1800 140 M14 140 9 C9 M16 M18 10 C10 28.4 145.5 M20 2000 30 11 C11 374 PALEOPRO- 150 M22 2050 12 E 151 380 TEROZOIC C12 M25 LATE 385

OLIGOCENE 156 M29 392 13 M C13 33.9 160 2250 161 35 15 C15 400 398 2300 16 C16 L 165 407 17 37.2 E C17 MIDDLE 168 PRAGHIAN 411 170 LOCKHOVIAN 172 416 18 PRIDOLIAN 419 2500 2500 C18 420 L 40 176 421 40.4 19 C19 180 423 426 M 183 428 20 436 C20 2750 M EARLY 440 E 439 45 190 190 444 2800 446

21 CHANGES RAPID POLARITY 197 L C21 455 200 MESO- 48.6 201.6 460 461 3000 22 C22 204 M 50 468 23 C23 210 472 E 3200 24 480 479 E 3250 C24 LATE 488 55 220 10 55.8 Furon- 492 STAGE 9 PALEO- 25 C25 gian 496 ARCHEAN L 500 501 3500 26 228 503 ARCHEAN 58.7 230 3 C26 507 60 STAGE 5 510 M STAGE 4 3600 235 Series 2 517 27 61.7 520 STAGE 3 C27 240 MIDDLE 521 241 28 3750 C28 E * Terre- 29 245 STAGE 2 65 neuvian 3850 C29 65.5 EARLY 535 250 250 30 C30 251.0 540 542

*International ages have not been fully established. These are current names as reported by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. Walker, J.D., and Geissman, J.W., compilers, 2009, Geologic Time Scale: Geological Society of America, doi: 10.1130/2009.CTS004R2C. ©2009 The Geological Society of America. Sources for nomenclature and ages are primarily from Gradstein, F., Ogg, J., Smith, A., et al., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Modifications to the Triassic after: Furin, S., Preto, N., Rigo, M., Roghi, G., Gianolla, P., Crowley, J.L., and Bowring, S.A., 2006, High-precision U-Pb zircon age from the Triassic of : Implications for the Triassic time scale and the Carnian origin of calcareous nannoplankton and : Geology, v. 34, p. 1009–1012, doi: 10.1130/G22967A.1; and Kent, D.V., and Olsen, P.E., 2008, and paleolatitudes from the Hartford continental rift basin (eastern ): Testing for polarity bias and abrupt polar wander in association with the central magmatic province: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 113, B06105, doi: 10.1029/2007JB005407.